外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science精品第一课时当堂达标检测题

课时作业7　Starting out & Understanding ideas

One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future. In our __1__ we can see what has not yet happened. For example, while we are looking forward to __2__ a new place or country, we imagine what it will be like. We predict the __3__ people will eat, dress and act. Of course, we do not always predict things __4__. Things are often very different from the way we expected them to be.

One of the __5__ dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been __6__ to work out a very difficult problem in physics. He had __7__ and analyzed the problem from every angle for days, but there __8__ to be no way of finding out the answer. Then one night he went to bed and dreamed. When he woke up, he realized that he knew the answer. He had solved the problem in his __9__.

It is said that in order to figure out the process, the hypnotist (催眠师) sat in the chair opposite him and spoke __10__： “I want you to concentrate on my voice. Think about __11__. You know nothing but my voice. And as you pay attention to my voice, your __12__ will get heavier. Soon you'll be asleep. You will hear my voice and __13__ my words, but your body will be asleep. Your eyes are too heavy. You are almost asleep, and when you wake up you will __14__ nothing. You will forget everything. Now I am going to __15__ slowly from one to five. One, two, three, four, five...”

本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述德国科学家Kekule的故事，说明了人类思想的神奇能力。

1．A.brains B．senses

C．minds D．sights

答案：C

解析：根据文章首句可知，人类思想最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力，据此可知，空处指“思想”，故C项正确。

2．A.visiting B．seeking

C．reaching D．discovering

答案：A

解析：根据该句中的“a new place or country”可以判断，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象那里会是什么样子。

3．A.custom B．habit

C．style D．way

答案：D

解析：根据“people will eat, dress and act”可知，我们总会预测(这个地方的)人们的饮食、衣着和行为方式。way意为“方式”，符合语境，故D项正确。

4．A.quickly B．simply

C．correctly D．neatly

答案：C

解析：根据空处后一句“Things are often very different from the way we expected them to be.”可知，事物总是不同于我们预料的那样，据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确地(correctly)预测事物。

5．A.funny B．dull

C．famous D．silly

答案：C

解析：根据该句中的“dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule”及下文可知，该处陈述的是历史上著名的梦之一是德国科学家Kekule的梦。famous意为“著名的”，符合语境，故C项正确。

6．A.managing B．trying

C．thinking D．hoping

答案：B

解析：根据该句中的“Kekule, who had been __6__ to work out a very difficult problem in physics”及下文可知，Kekule一直在努力解一道物理难题。try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故B项正确。

7．A.studied B．learned

C．discussed D．searched

答案：A

解析：根据该句中的“He had __7__ and analyzed the problem from every angle for days”可知，他从多个角度研究(studied)和分析了这个难题。

8．A.used B．ought

C．seemed D．had

答案：C

解析：根据该句中的“but there __8__ to be no way of finding out the answer”可知，似乎没有办法弄清答案。seem意为“似乎，好像”，符合语境，故C项正确。

9．A.dream B．lesson

C．research D．exercise

答案：A

解析：根据上文中的“he went to bed and dreamed. When he woke up, he realized that he knew the answer”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。

10．A.softly B．loudly

C．slowly D．firmly

答案：A

解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是对Kekule进行催眠，故催眠师应是柔和地(softly)说着话。

11．A.everything B．something

C．nothing D．anything

答案：C

解析：根据空前一句“I want you to concentrate on my voice.”及下文中的“You know nothing but my voice.”可知，空处应指什么都不要想。故C项符合语境。

12．A.eyes B．feet

C．head D．body

答案：A

解析：根据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼睛会变得沉重。故选A项。

13．A.believe B．repeat

C．take D．understand

答案：D

解析：根据该句中的“You will hear my voice and __13__ my words”可知，此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand “理解，明白”，符合语境。

14．A.accept B．remember

C．hear D．receive

答案：B

解析：根据下文中的“You will forget everything.”可知，空处指你将什么都不记得。故B项符合语境。

15．A.count B．say

C．add D．speak

答案：A

解析：根据“Now I am going to __15__ slowly from one to five. One, two, three, four, five”可知，此处表示数数，A项意为“(按顺序)数数”，符合语境，故A项正确。

A

After years of trying, our neighbors convinced my parents that ice fishing would be a fun winter getaway from our dairy farm. Before that, their idea of entertainment involved driving around the countryside to see how the neighbors' crops were doing.

My parents eventually built a fish house and set it up on Wood Lake. We excitedly headed for the lake on many January and February weekends. By the time we arrived at our favorite fishing spot across the lake each day, somebody had usually made a clear path across the ice. The fish houses were together at the best fishing spots, forming some kind of a neighborhood.

Our house was large enough so all four of us could fish at the same time. Each corner had a square cut out of the floor. We sat in comfort. You'd think ice fishing would be cold, but we had a small woodstove (木炉) inside, and we put snow around the bottom of the house to keep the wind from blowing underneath.

Besides the thrill of watching your bobber (钓鱼浮标) dip below the water, lunch was always the highlight of the day. Mom would fry pork or hamburgers in a pan. The smell of cooking meat was the envy of every other fish house in the neighborhood.

Our days passed with a mix of quiet time and family chatter. We talked about the farm or school. And of course, we shared fishing advice. Part of the fun of ice fishing was learning to understand and trust the sounds of the frozen lake. Healthy ice “talks” as it freezes and shifts. You could often hear the sound of a crack traveling through the ice.

People who have never tried ice fishing may not think it sounds very exciting, but it was for us. Fishing trips were an adventure. We didn't always catch fish, but we always brought home great memories of a day with family and friends.

本文为说明文。作者介绍了冬天的钓鱼旅行给他及家人带来的好处及乐趣。

1．Which is true about entertainment for the author's family before the fishing trips?

A．They enjoyed visiting the farmers.

B．They had little choice for entertainment.

C．They preferred to take care of their farm.

D．They loved to do research on growing crops.

答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Before that, their idea of entertainment involved driving around the countryside to see how the neighbors' crops were doing. (在那之前，他们的娱乐理念是开车到乡村去看看邻居的庄稼长得怎么样)可知，对作者的家人来说，在没有开始钓鱼旅行之前，他们几乎没有娱乐的选择。故B选项正确。

2．Why did the author put snow around the bottom of the fish house?

A．To protect the fish house.

B．To follow an old local tradition.

C．To block the wind underneath.

D．To sit in a comfortable position.

答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的we put snow around the bottom of the house to keep the wind from blowing underneath.(我们把雪放在房子的底部以防止风从下面吹进来)可知，作者把雪放在钓鱼小屋的底部是为了阻止风从下面吹进来。故C选项正确。

3．What can be inferred from the text?

A．The author's mom was not quite interested in cooking.

B．The author's family shared fishing advice with each other.

C．The author considered those trips enjoyable and meaningful.

D．The author's family usually fished alone, far from the crowd.

答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的We didn't always catch fish, but we always brought home great memories of a day with family and friends.(我们并不总是钓到鱼，但我们回家时总是带回与家人和朋友相处一天的美好回忆)可推知，作者认为这些钓鱼旅行是愉快和有意义的。故C选项正确。

B

By trying to tickle (使发痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.

It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies.These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells.These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control.

To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated that area with electrical currents.The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.

“It's truly ground­breaking，”said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper.“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”

Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals.But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said，“Let's go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.

“The authors have been very adventurous，” said Daniel O'Connor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University.To him, that finding was very surprising.

“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out？” he said.“This is the first step towards answering that question.It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor (严谨)．”

本文是一篇说明文。文中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论把对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度。

4．What contributed to humans' being ticklish according to Aristotle?

A．Their special skin.

B．Their social pleasure.

C．Their nervous system.

D．Their willingness to touch.

答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，故选A项。

5．Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with?

A．The research process is full of risks.

B．The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.

C．The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion.

D．The finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.

答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”可知，Burgdorf 认为这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故选C项。

6．The underlined word “squeaked” in Paragraph 2 may be replaced by “________”．

A．gave a smile

B．made a noise

C．burst into tears

D．watched with staring eyes

答案：B

解析：词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”，故选B项。

7．What is the best title for the text?

A．The Life of Rats

B．How Rats Laugh

C．A Wonderful Scientist

D．A New Discovery about Rats

答案：D

解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故选D项。

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As you know, science plays __1__ very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up __2__ the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites __3__ you can check out the latest in the science world.

One great site is Science News for Kids.This site reports science news __4__ (cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site __5__ (suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, __6__ (call) Science Daily. The site is __7__ (constant) updated with news, often about exciting __8__ (finding) that change how we view the world.

These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they __9__ (post) earlier.That way you can find articles just about anything that __10__ (be) related to the science fields you are interested in.

众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当了一个很重要的角色。文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。

1．a

解析：考查冠词。play an important role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有读音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。

2．with

解析：考查介词。你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为“跟上，不落在……后面”。

3．where

解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。

4．covering

解析：考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.­ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于which covers。

5．suitable

解析：考查形容词。这里构成“find＋宾语＋形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。

6．is_called

解析：考查动词的时态和语态。另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。“one that I check out every day”是主语“Another wonderful site”的同位语，且主语和call之间为被动关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。

7．constantly

解析：考查副词。修饰动词updated，作状语，故用副词形式。

8．findings

解析：考查名词复数。finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。

9．posted

解析：考查动词的时态。这里指的是the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。

10．is

解析：考查主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。