高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science课前预习ppt课件

阅读教材P32－33中的材料，选出最佳选项

1．What's the main idea of the passage?

A．Franklin's contribution to science.

B．Franklin's experiment with lightning.

C．Questioning Franklin's story of the experiment.

D．Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration.

2．From the first two paragraphs，what do we know about the experiment?

A．Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.

B．Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.

C．People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin's experiment.

D．As a scientist Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.

3．What people are inspired for in Franklin's story?

A．His bravery and approach.

B．The kite with a key tied to the string.

C．The stormy weather with lightning.

D．His touching on the metal key.

4．In which aspect Franklin's experiment was NOT true?

A．His story and the details of the experiment.

B．His bravery and his scientific approach.

C．The key tied to the string of the kite.

D．His death from the electric shock.

5．What do we know about Newton's story?

A．The scientists didn't see the apple falling on Newton's head.

B．Scientists like to question everything around them.

C．No one can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.

D．The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about why.

[答案]　1－5　CDAAD

Words and Phrases

　instance n．例子，实例

(教材P29)　For instance，some restaurants in London have served 3D­printed hamburgers to customers.

例如，在伦敦，一些餐馆已经向顾客提供3D打印出来的汉堡了。

[例1]　In many instances people were left without any money at all.

在很多情况下，人们会落到身无分文的地步。

[例2]　What would you do，for instance，if you found a member of staff stealing?

比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？

[造句]　很多地方都有了改进，比如鼠标的两个按键。

There are a number of improvements，for instance，the mouse buttons.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①In most instances (instance)，there will be no need for further treatment.

②In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear，nose，and throat specialist.

　injure v．伤害；使受伤；损害；伤害(名誉、自尊等)

(教材P29)　And it is not just humans who are benefiting — in Brazil, people have given a new 3D­printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!

并且不仅仅是人类正在受益，在巴西，人们已经给一只在森林大火中受伤的海龟换上了一个3D打印出来的龟壳。

[例1]　It's not lawful to kill or injure a pet animal.

杀死或伤害宠物也是违法的。

[例2]　Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.

撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。

[造句]　这会严重损害学校的声誉。

This could seriously injure the school's reputation.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The injury (injure)was quite painful and I couldn't move my arm for a month—I hated that.

②The woman injured (injury) in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital.

[小片段填空]

An injured man was taken to the hospital，where the doctors found he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms and they wondered who had injured him.

一个受伤的人被送到了医院，在那里医生发现他的头部和胳膊都受到了严重的伤害，他们想知道是谁伤害了他。

　(教材P30)　A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.

月球上的一座山和一个小星球都是以他的名字命名的。

(1)minor adj.次要的；不重要的；小的

[例1]　There are some very minor changes in words and punctuation.

在用词与标点方面有一些非常小的变化。

[例2]　They played a relatively minor role in the organization.

在这个组织中他们发挥的作用相对较小。

[造句]　在这个组织中，这位老师发挥着相对次要的作用。

The teacher played a relatively minor role in the organization.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①British households who do not have a car are only in the minority (minor)．

②Writing an article about two ethnic minorities(minority)．

[小片段填空]

There are 55 minorities in our country and there are some minor differences between them.That is to say，the differences between them are in the minority．

我们国家有55个少数民族，他们之间有一些较小的差异。也就是说他们之间的差异占少数。

(2)be named after以……命名

[例1]　Bill was born after his father died one month later and was named after his father.

比尔在父亲去世后一个月出生，以其父亲的名字命名。

[例2]　His name will remain unforgotten，for the greatest building was named after him.

他的名字不会被忘记，因为那座宏伟的建筑是以他的名字命名的。

[造句]　这座桥是用那位献出了生命的英雄的名字命名的。

The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①There are many schools and hospitals named (name) after the great man Shao Yifu.

②I would like to give you some advice in the name of a friend.

　apart from 除……之外

(教材P32)　Apart from being a successful statesman，he was also well known as a leading American author，printer and publisher，successful diplomat，creative scientist and inventor.

除了是个成功的政治家以外，富兰克林也因为下面的身份而知名：一流的美国作家、印刷和出版商、成功的外交家、有创意的科学家和发明家。

[例1]　Apart from providing warmth，what was fire used for?

除了提供温暖之外，火还是用来做什么的？

[例2]　This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.

除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。

[造句]　除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？

What other sports do you like apart from football?

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Apart from caring(care)for her children，she has to take on some heavy time­consuming housework.

②It's easy to tell my pills apart because they're all different colours.

　attach vt.系；贴；连接

(教材P32)　A metal key was attached to the string.

一个金属钥匙被拴在了绳子上。

[例1]　He will attach the label to what you order.

他会把标签贴在你订购的东西上。

[例2]　They've attached a number of conditions to the agreement.

他们在协议上附加了一些条件。

[造句]　他把马拴在了树上小睡了一会儿。

He attached his horse to a tree and took a nap.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Our government attaches(attach) much importance to education now，which enables so many people to be well­educated.

②People with disabilities can go anywhere using high­tech cameras attached (attach) to their head.

[小片段填空]

The young boy is studying in the senior high that is attached to Shandong University.He attaches great importance to learning biology and hopes to become a scientist like Tu Youyou.Every day he attaches some small pieces of paper to his desk where there are many key points from the textbook.

这个男孩子在山东大学附属高中读书，他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠呦呦那样的科学家。每天他都把课本上的知识点写在小纸片上，然后贴在书桌上。

Sentence Patterns

　make＋宾语＋宾补结构

(教材P32)　For example，the title “Franklin's Experiment：How Much Is True？”makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay.

例如题目“富兰克林的实验：真实性有多少？”表明了文章里面要回答的问题。

句式分析：make it clear 是“make＋宾语十宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的that从句。

[例1] The police officer made it clear that they were letting him go on the ground that he was too old.

警官明确表示，他们让他走的理由是他年纪太大了。

[例2] I have to make it clear that we have one key problem：that is technology.

我想说清楚一点，我们的关键问题是技术问题。

[造句]　我想明确地说明我和这事没关系。

I'd like to make it clear that I had nothing to do with this.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①We must make it a duty to protect our common global environment.

②The rain made it more difficult for us to finish (finish) the work on time.

③We think it not right(认为是不对的) that a child should be left alone in the house.

④We found it difficult(觉得困难) to explain to him what happened.

　neither...nor...既不……也不……

(教材P33)　However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.

然而故事和实验的细节都不完全真实。

句式分析：neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。

[例1]　Neither dad nor mum believes one word that you are saying.

爸爸妈妈都不相信你说的任何一句话。

[例2]　She likes neither butter nor cheese.

她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。

[造句]　他既不知道也不关心发生了什么。

He neither knows nor cares what happened.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①I hadn't been to New York before and neither had Jane.

②He cannot see and nor could he hear until one month ago.

③ Neither of them(他俩任何一个都不) had any idea how long the book had been kept.

④I haven't been to my father's hometown and neither has my sister(我姐姐也没有)．

推理判断题

提分技巧：推理判断题中也含有对细节的理解，考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。首先要定位信息。通过速读找到题目和文章中相对应的信息点；其次是字面理解。理解相关信息点的字面意思；最后是深层理解。结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思考，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。

[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C节选)

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter­gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.

...

28．What can we infer about languages in hunter­gatherer times?

A．They developed very fast.

B．They were large in number.

C．They had similar patterns.

D．They were closely connected.

B　[根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。]

[即学即练]

请迅速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的推理信息。

At the age of 4，I began attending the choir at St.James Church.My mother decided that joining the choir would provide me with musical instruction.I was initially joined by a lot of kids at St.James，making choir a fun，social task，but as I grew older，one by one，my friends began dropping out.

St.James was situated on the Upper East Side，one of the fanciest areas in New York，while I came from the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bushwick.Some children at the choir proudly showed off the signs of their good education whose cost was nearly as much as my mother's yearly wage，while I wore my uniform of jeans and a T­shirt.They knew me as the girl from Brooklyn，the chorister who went to public school.This discrepancy(差异) made me very uncomfortable.

I begged my mom to let me follow the path of my friends，but she replied with a “no”．As the years went on，I continued to bother my mother.Her answers began to lessen in severity.She said “Just do it for one more year” or “Are you sure？” Not seeing much hope，I began to withdraw my constant requests.Gradually I enjoyed finding my voice every week in church.After years in the choir，people started to acknowledge me for my voice rather than my address and I began to appreciate music and my habitual complaints about the choir were completely gone.

Through the choir，I learned that if you continue with something long enough，you will receive some sort of benefit from it and maybe even grow to love it.Because of the choir，I found my voice in a small church.Because of the choir，I am willing to go wherever life will take me with an open mind.

★How did the author's mother react to her repeated requests?

A．She didn't refuse them flatly.

B．She was very angry about them.

C．She agreed to them completely.

D．She simply ignored them.

A　[推理判断题。由第三段中的“she replied with a ‘no’，‘Just do it for one more year’ or ‘Are you sure？’”可知，在作者提出想退出唱诗班时，作者的母亲起初态度坚决，在作者的一再请求下，母亲没有断然拒绝，态度有所缓和，但仍希望她坚持下去。]