高中英语 必修第三册 外研版 UNIT 3 Section B 教学课件

UNIT 3 The world of scienceSection B　Using language　核心词汇 教材原句p.29 Within the next 80 years，our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. 在未来的80 年里，我们的生活可能会被 3D 打印改变得无法辨认。1 beyond prep. 无法……；超出（某个数量、水平或限度）；晚于， 迟于　adv. 更远，远于 题组练·领悟方法His thoughtlessness is beyond belief. 他的轻率令人难以置信。Few people live beyond the age of a hundred. 很少有人活过100 岁。Physics is completely beyond me. 我完全不懂物理学。 From the top of the hill we could see our house and the woods beyond. 从这座小山的顶部我们能看到我们的房子和远处的树林。▶完成句子 （1）Scott’s equipment was damaged 　　　　 　 　（无法修理）. （2）The scenery there was 　　 （美得无法形容）. （3）The town 　　　　　　　　 　 　 （已经变得让人认不出来了）since I was last here. （4）Tonight’s performance has been cancelled due to circumstances 　　　　　　　　 　 （ 我们无法控制）. （5）Some shops keep open 　　　　　　　　 　 （ 到午夜以后）. beyond repairbeautiful beyond descriptionhas changed beyond recognitionbeyond our controlbeyond midnight教材原句p.29 But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. 但或许迄今为止，人们所取得的最重要的成就是在医药领域。2 signicant adj. 重要的，影响深远的；显著的；意味深长的 It is significant that the writers of the report were all men. 这份报告的作者都是男性，这一点很重要。There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent years. 近年来，女性学员的数量有了显著增加。［词汇复现］ a significant look/smile意味深长的眼神 / 微笑 　 ▶【单词积累】 significance n. 重要性，意义attach importance/significance to sth. 认为某事物很重要 the significance of... ……的重要性 ▶单句语法填空 （1）The discovery is of 　　　　 （significant）， as it will help us realize what really happened in that area 2，000 years ago. ▶完成句子 （2） 　 　　　　　　　 　（……很重要） all the people are treated equally. （3）A theory，however good it is，is 　　　 　　　　 　（没有意义）without being put into practice. （4）［词汇复现］ 　　　　　　　　 　（ ……的重要性）constructing a village on the moon lies in the fact that it will help humans to explore the solar system further. significanceIt is significant that/It is of significance that of no significanceThe significance of教材原句p.29 ...people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! ……人们给了一只在森林火灾中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D 打印外壳！ 3 injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 He claimed that working too hard was injuring his health. 他声称工作过度辛劳正在损害他的健康。This could seriously injure the company’s reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。▶【词语辨析】injure，hurt 与 wound ▶【单词积累】 injured adj. 受伤的　 　　　injury n. 伤害；损伤 ▶单句语法填空 （1）［2017·全国Ⅰ卷］Trying to help 　　　　 　（ injure），displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain. （2）In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were 　　　　 　（injure）. ▶选词填空（injure/hurt/wound） （3）［词汇复现］You should apologise to my sister because what you said 　　　　 　 her feelings. （4）The bullet 　　　　 　 one of the brave soldiers in the shoulder. （5）Tom 　　　　 　 his legs in a skating accident. injuredinjuredhurtwoundedinjured/hurt教材原句p.30 A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him. 月球上的一座山和一颗小行星都是以他的名字命名的。4 minor adj. 小的，不很重要的，不很严重的　v. 辅修▶搭配：minor in 辅修…… a minor road 一条小路 There may be some minor changes to the schedule. 时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。I’m minoring in computer science. 我正在辅修计算机科学。 ▶【单词积累】▶【归纳拓展】 a minority of 少数……　　　　be in the/a minority 占少数 the majority of 大多数……　 　be in the/a majority 占大多数 ▶单句语法填空 （1）I major in English literature，and minor 　　　　 　 French. （2）Only a 　　　　 　（minor）of British households do not have a car. （3）Boys are very much 　　　　 　 the minority at the dance class. ▶完成句子 （4）Most of the people turned their back to him， only 　　　　　　　　　　（少数人） gave him a hand. （5）Your health is generally good，but you 　　 　　　　　　 　 （确实有一些小问题）. inminorityina minority of peopledo have a few minor problems教材原句p.30 British biologist Charles Darwin（1809-1882） is best known for his work On the Origin of Species ... 英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文（1809-1882） 最著名的著作是《物种起源》…… 5 origin n. 起源，起因；出身，血统 He consulted his teacher about the origins of life on the earth. 他就地球上生命的起源问题咨询了老师。Her unhappy childhood was the origin of her problems later in life. 她不幸的童年是她日后生活中诸多问题的起因。The word is French in origin. 这个单词源于法语。 She never forgot her humble origin. 她从未忘记自己的卑微出身。▶【单词积累】 original adj. 原来的，起初的→ originally adv. 原来，起初originate v. 起源，发源；创造，创始 ▶单句语法填空 （1）Our 　　　　 　（origin）plan was to go to Spain，but it was too expensive. （2）After much discussion they settled on the plan 　　　　 　（original）proposed. （3）The tea-picking opera 　　　　 　（original） developed from the tea-growing regions in Jiangxi where the tea pickers would sing songs while working. ▶完成句子 （4）When we think about 　　　　　　　　 （生命的起源），there are two ways to follow. （5）He was not English—he was a Frenchman 　　　　　（从出身上说）. originaloriginallyoriginallythe origins of lifeby origin教材原句p.30 ...in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. ……他在书中解释了自然选择导致的物种变化。6 due to 因为，由于The problems might be due to a shortage of disk space. 这些问题可能是由磁盘空间不足造成的。［词汇复现］ The yield has been reduced by around 30 percent due to the bad weather. 由于恶劣天气，产量已减少了大约 30%。▶【学法点拨】 下面几个短语都可表示原因，注意区别： due to 常作状语和表语，一般不放在句首；owing to 常作状语和表语； because of 常作状语；thanks to 常作状语，常指好的方面。▶【单词积累】 due adj. 预计的，预期的　　be due to do sth. 预计要做某事What time is the next bus due? 下一班公共汽车预计是什么时候？ Rose is due to start school in January. 罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。 ▶选词填空（due to/owing to/because of/thanks to） （1）［词汇复现］He was out of work 　　　　　 　　　 　 　 a physical injury. （2）Most of the problems were 　　　　　　　 　　 human error. （3） 　　　　 　　　　 　 　 your help，I got the position advertised in the newspaper. （4）The town was cut off from the rest of the world 　　　　　　　　 　 　 heavy snow. ▶完成句子（5）The next meeting 　　　　　　　　 　　 （ 预计将召开）in three months’ time. due to/owing to/because ofdue to/owing to Thanks to/Owing to/Because of due to/owing to/ because of is due to be held教材原句p.30 ...and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity. ……1903 年，她因在放射性方面的杰出工作首次获得诺贝尔奖。7 extraordinary adj. 非凡的，出色的；异乎寻常，令人惊奇的▶搭配：It is extraordinary that...……实属罕见/ 意想不到。 She has an extraordinary memory. 她有非凡的记忆力。 Ellen is an extraordinary dancer. I wish I danced as well as her.埃伦的 舞跳得非常出色。我要是能跳得像她一样好就好了。［词汇复现］ It’s extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party. 真想不到他竟然从聚会开始一直睡到结束。▶【单词积累】 extra-（超出）+ ordinary（普通的，平凡的）→ extraordinary adj. 非凡 的，出色的 ▶完成句子 （1）The task requires 　　　　 　　 　 （非凡的耐心）and strength. （2）The child possesses 　　 （非凡的记忆力）—he can remember so many stories. （3） 　 　　　　　　　 　　（真想不到）that he should take charge of such a big company. （4） 　　　　　　　　 　 （使这本书如此非凡）is the creative imagination of the writer. extraordinary patiencean extraordinary memoryIt’s extraordinaryWhat makes the book so extraordinary 教材原句p.30 She was also regarded as a brilliant physicist... 她还被认为是一位杰出的物理学家…… 8 brilliant adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的；明亮的，灿烂的；杰出的， 极好的；很成功的a brilliant musician 一位才华横溢的音乐家 brilliant sunshine 明媚的阳光 a brilliant plan 一个绝妙的计划 a brilliant success 一件非常成功的事 She seemed to have a brilliant career ahead of her. 她似乎前途似锦。 She’s got a brilliant sense of humour. 她极富幽默感。 ▶【单词积累】 brilliant adj. → brilliantly adv. 出色地；灿烂地 ▶单句语法填空 （1）Our teacher told us it was a 　　　 　 　（brilliant）written book. ▶完成句子 （2）He made his way to the lake 　　　　　　 　　 　　　 （在一个阳光明媚的日子）. （3）The project was 　　　　　　　　　（非常成功）. （4） 　　 　　 　 　　　（这名聪颖的侦探） found the strong evidence in the end. brilliantlyon a brilliantly sunny daya brilliant successThe brilliant detective教材原句p.31 Currently，there’s no cure for Alzheimer’s... 目前还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法…… 9 cure n. 药剂；疗法　 v. 治好，治愈 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。At one point doctors couldn’t cure TB/cure people of TB. 医生曾经无法治愈肺结核/ 人们的肺结核。［词汇复现］ ▶【误区警示】 cure 强调“治愈”这一结果，而 treat 强调治疗的过程。cure 用作动词，其后跟sb. of sth. 或直接跟sth. 作宾语。 ▶【归纳拓展】 与 cure sb. of sth. 类似的结构： rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 　 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 ▶单句语法填空 （1）［词汇复现］The doctor cured the biologist 　　　　 　 his headache. （2）The best cure 　　　　 　 boredom（无聊） is hard work. （3）Thanks to the doctor，my illness 　　　　 　 （ cure）at last. （4）［2016·全国Ⅲ 卷］Confucius believed knives would remind people 　　　　 　 killings and were too violent for use at the table. ▶选词填空（treat/cure） （5）The dentist 　　　　 　 my teeth，but he didn’t 　　　　 　 them. of forwas curedof treatedcure重点句式 教材原句p.29 And it is not just humans who are benefiting... 并且受益的不仅仅是人类…… 强调句型 结构：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that + 其他. 如果被强调部分指人，可用 who 代替 that。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。It was hard work and determination that got her into medical school. 是苦干和决心使她走进了医学院的大门。It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. 在阿西莫夫11 岁的时候，他的写作才华就显露出来了。 ▶【误区警示】 （1）强调句型中的it 不能用其他词代替。（2）用 is 还是 was 要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间 范畴的所有时态用 is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用 was。（3）被强调部分指人时，可以用 who 代替 that，其他情况一律用 that。（4）强调句型不能强调谓语，强调谓语时可用“do/does/did + 动词 原形”。▶【学法点拨】 判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was 与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整且句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。 ▶单句语法填空 （1）It was when I got back to my apartment 　　　　 　 I first came across my new neighbors. （2）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel 　　　　 　 the coach picks up tourists. （3）It is my father 　　　　 　 will have a face-to-face talk with me. ▶用强调句型改写句子（4）My grandpa walked the dog in the street yesterday. → 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 walked the dog in the street yesterday.（强调主语） → 　　　　　　　　　　　　 my grandpa walked the dog in the street.（强调时间状语） → 　　　　　　　　　　　　 my grandpa walked the dog yesterday.（强调地点状语） thatthatthat/whoIt was my grandpa that/whoIt was yesterday thatIt was in the street that单元语法 现在完成时的被动语态1 现在完成时的被动语态的构成 肯定式：have/has + been done 否定式：have/has not + been done 一般疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been done? 特殊疑问式：疑问词 + have/has + 主语+ been done? The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。The car has not been repaired. 这辆小汽车还没有修好。 —Have the cars been repaired? 这些小汽车修好了吗？ —No，they haven’t. 不，还没有。—How long have you been employed in this job? 你做这份工作多久了？ —Since 1990. 从1990 年至今。 ▶将下列句子改为被动语态 （1）We have planted many trees on the hill in the last five years. → ___________________________________________________________________________（2）She hasn’t returned this book to the library. → ___________________________________________________________________________（3）Tom has paid much attention to his handwriting. → ___________________________________________________________________________ → ___________________________________________________________________________Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last five years（by us）. This book hasn’t been returned to the library（by her）. Much attention has been paid to Tom’s handwriting. Tom’s handwriting has been paid much attention to. 2 现在完成时的被动语态的用法（1）表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成，强调过去的动作对 现在造成的影响或结果，通常与 already，yet，just，never，recently， before 等副词连用。All the tables by the window have been booked. 所有靠窗的桌子都已被预订了。This book has already been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译成多种语言。（2）表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，常与 for 或since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于how long 引导的句子中。They have been told about it for many times. 他们已经被告知过很多次了。How long has the machine been used?这台机器使用多久了？ （3）用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的被动动作，即 用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You can go home as soon as your home work has been finished. 作业一做完你就可以回家。 　 ▶【学法点拨】 常与现在完成时的被动语态连用的时间状语： already 已经 yet已经 recently/lately 最近since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经so far 迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间by now/up to now 到现在为止in recent years 在最近几年里in/during/over the past/last few years 在过去的几年里 A library and a gymnasium in our school have been set up so far and they will be put into use very soon. 到目前为止，我们学校已经建了一个图书馆和一个体育馆，它们很快就会投入使用。 ▶单句语法填空 （1）Their new house 　　　 　 　（decorate）for two months and they will settle in it in the near future. （2）All the athletes 　　 　　 　（select）from millions of people all over the country in the past two months. （3）Great changes 　　　　 　（take）place in my hometown and a lot of factories ______________（set）up in the past ten years. （4）Every possible means 　　　　 　（try）to save the wounded soldier up to now. （5）How many suggestions 　　　　 　（give） to you so far? （6）All the preparations for the task 　　　　 　 （ make）and we’re ready to start. （7）Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement 　　　　 　（reach）so far by the two sides. （8）I got caught in the rain and my suit 　　　　 　 （ ruin）. has been decoratedhave been selected have takenhave been set has been tried have been given have been madehas been reachedhas been ruined3 使用现在完成时的被动语态时应注意的问题（1）与一般过去时的被动语态的区别 The house was built last year. 这所房子是去年建造的。 The house has been built. 这所房子已经建好了。 （2）borrow，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join 等非延续性动词的 现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，需要改变动词或时态。非延续性动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与 since 或 for 引导的时间状语连用。 这本书借了一周了。 The book has been borrowed for a week.（×） The book has been kept for a week.（√） 这项工程已经开始多久了？ How long has this project been started?（×） How long ago was this project started?（√） No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以来，没有人来买过书。 ▶完成句子 （1）The boys 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 （ 已经被多次告知）not to swim in that lake， but it doesn’t make any difference. （2）We are glad to be told that Li Tao 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 　（已经被复旦大学录取） for his top score. （3）When and where to go for the on-salary holiday 　 　　　　　　　 　（还没有确定） yet. （4）He 　　　　　　　　　 （ 已被挑选出来）to take part in the sports meeting. （5）My computer 　 　　　　　 　（被侵袭）by a virus yesterday and ___________________（还没修好）. have been told many times has been admitted to Fudan Universityhas not been decidedhas been selectedwas attackedhasn’t been fixed yet