2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义:语法十三、倒装句
展开十三、倒装句
对应学生用书p194
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2015·福建卷)Sometimes we have disagreements with people. When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument. Here ____________(be) my tips for you.
2.(2015·天津卷)Only when Lily walked into the office ____________ she realize that she had left the contract at home.
3.(2015·湖南卷)Only after talking to two students ____________ I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
4.(2014·湖南)Only when you can find peace in your heart ____________ you keep good relationships with others.
[答案与解析]
1.are。考查倒装。由副词here放在句首可知,此题考查倒装结构。主语是my tips for you,时态为一般现在时,故本空应填连系动词are。
2.did。句意:当莉莉走进办公室的时候,她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only+状语”位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。根据句意应用一般过去时,因此应填助动词did。
3.did。句意:在和两位学生交谈之后我才发现,强大的动力是达成目标的一个重要因素。“only+状语”位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。根据句意应用一般过去时,因此应填助动词did。
4.will。句意:只有当你内心平静时,你才能和他人保持良好的关系。“only+状语”位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。根据句意应用一般将来时,因此应填助动词will。
对应学生用书p194
(一)概述
英语句子的基本结构是主语加谓语。通常主语在前,谓语在后,这就是自然语序。一旦谓语处在主语之前,就形成了倒装语序。倒装语序又分为部分倒装与完全倒装两种。
(二)部分倒装
将谓语动词的一部分移至主语之前。具体地说,是将助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句子中无助动词(包括be动词)或情态动词,谓语动词仅为一个实义动词,则在主语前另加助动词do,does或did,主语后的实义动词用原形。
例 句 | 结构解析 |
Little did I know that she had already left. |
|
Seldom have we read a novel that was so interesting. |
|
Never in my life have I seen such a thing. |
|
At no time was the entrance left unguarded. |
|
No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill. |
|
Hardly had he arrived when they asked him to leave again. | 表示否定意义的词或短语做状语位于句首时,其部分否定的结构是: |
++S+V+... |
|
Only then did he understand it. |
|
Only with more practice can you pass the driving test. |
|
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. | Only+++S+V+... |
注意:不要误以为“only”开头的句子就要倒装。例如:Only he knows it. only修饰主语,属正常语序。 |
|
Not only did she make a promise, but she also kept it. |
|
Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also (he was) a writer. | not only...but also连接两个句子时,not only后的句子倒装。 |
Not only++S+V+..., but also+S+V+... |
|
注意:not only...but also连接两个主语,属正常语序。 |
|
Not only he but also I am a student. |
|
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind. |
|
Not until I had read the report did I understand the true state of affairs. |
|
Not often do they meet. |
|
Not once did he talk to me. | (1)not until后接从句位于句首,主句的主谓部分倒装,切忌将until所带的从句倒装。仔细观察左边例2句。 |
(2)Not...++S+V+... |
|
|
|
So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest. |
|
Such an attractive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved. | (1)++S+V+that... |
(2)后面的that引导目的或结果状语从句,属正常语序。 |
|
Were I asked, I would tell all the fact. |
|
Had you been there, you would have met him. |
|
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, he would tell you. | 在虚拟语气中,若if条件句含were,should或had,可将if省略,将该类词置于句首,形成倒装结构,使句子简练。 |
May you succeed! | 表示祝愿的句子。 |
Child as he is, he knows a lot of things. |
|
Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid. |
|
Try as he might, he couldn't get the door open. |
|
Strange though it may appear, it is true. | (1)n./adj.+as(though)+S+link.v.;v.+as(though)+S+aux.v/mod.v.引导让步状语从句。 |
(2)若名词是可数名词单数,则省去不定冠词a/an。 |
|
(3)这种结构不是严格意义上的主谓倒装结构。 |
|
If you can do it, so can I. |
|
I went there yesterday. So did she. |
|
Society has changed and so have the people in it. |
|
“We must start for the factory now.” “So must me.” |
|
Tom doesn't like bananas. Neither / Nor do I. |
|
He didn't give any tips. Nor / Neither did his secretary. |
|
If you don't go, neither shall I. |
|
The first one wasn't good and neither was the second. |
|
I don't know, nor do I care. | (1)要说主语A“做什么/怎么样”,主语B“也做什么/怎么样”,则用句型A... So++B |
(2)要说主语A“没做什么/没怎么样”,B“也没做什么/没怎么样”,则用句型 |
|
A... ++B |
|
(3)下面“so”引导的句子属正常语序,要注意区分与上述句型的差异。如: |
|
—He likes skating.(他喜欢滑冰。) |
|
—So he does.(他的确喜欢。) |
|
①前后两句的主语指的是同一人; |
|
②对前者的内容表示赞同或进一步强调。 |
|
(三)完全倒装
将整个谓语提到主语之前。
例 句 | 结构解析 |
There is a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room. |
|
There are lots of people like that, aren't there? |
|
There'll still be some shops left open. |
|
There was a concert last night. |
|
There hasn't been any rain for some days. |
|
There must be something wrong with the machine. |
|
There is going to be a heavy shower. |
|
There oughtn't to be much trouble in building the road. |
|
There doesn't seem to be much hope of our beating that team. |
|
There happened to be nobody in the room. |
|
There stands a pine tree at the top of the hill. |
|
Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. |
|
There lies a bamboo garden at the back of the village. |
|
There flew a fivestar red flag from the window. |
|
In the valley there runs a stream. |
|
Do you think there remains anything else to be done? | there be 句式: |
(1)there是引导词,不做句子成分,be是谓语动词,表“存在”,常译为“(某地/时)有……”主语在be之后。be的数由其后的主语的数决定。如果主语由and连接两个或两个以上,则由be最近的一个决定。 |
|
(2)根据表达需要,there be结构可有各种时态变化,可接各类情态动词。 |
|
(3)there be与be going to, ought to, used to, be likely to, seem to, happened to连用,便形成了“there...to be...”结构。 |
|
(4)除了动词be外,there还可与remain, live, lie, exist, stand, fly, run等词连用,展开这种句式。 |
|
Here is the book you want. |
|
There goes the bell. |
|
Now comes your turn. |
|
Then came the day of his examination. |
|
比较: |
|
Here you are. |
|
There he comes. |
|
—Where is the book? |
|
—Here it is. | ++主语 |
(1)这类结构用于描述某种情景。 |
|
(2)若主语是代词,则不倒装。 |
|
Away flew the bird. |
|
Off went Jack. |
|
Up went the prices again. |
|
The door opened and in came the headmaster. |
|
Down went the boat. |
|
Out went the boy. |
|
比较: |
|
Away they went. |
|
Down it flew. | (1)up, down, in, out, away, off等adv.位于句首,主谓倒置,使描述的现象更生动。 |
(2)若主语是人称代词时,主谓不倒装。 |
|
On the left sat her husband. |
|
On the coast lies the small village. |
|
In front of the house stood a young man. | 表示地点的介词短语置于句首,句子又没宾语时,常倒装。 |
Present at the meeting were General manager and 50 workers. |
|
Below is a restaurant. |
|
Around the lake are five buildings. |
|
Facing the river is a sevenstory tower. |
|
Seated on the ground are a group of young men. | 表语位于句首,主谓倒装的情况比较多。 |
(1)这类表语的中心词往往为adj., adv., prep. phr., ving,ved等。 |
|
(2)倒装的目的是突出表语,或因主语太长。 |
|
“I'd like to come back and see Monet's garden,” said my aunt. |
|
“This,” said the artist, “is the most beautiful place I have ever seen.” | 直接引语的后面或中间表示“某人说”之类的插入语。 |
Such is life! |
|
Such was the story he told me. |
|
Such were his words. | such做表语的句子。 |