2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：语法二、冠词

不定冠词(a/an)的用法

例句

表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个

I gave him a book yesterday.

I am reading an interesting story.

表示人或事物的某一种类，强调整体，即以其中的一个，代表一类

A horse is useful to mankind.

A bird can fly. 

用在事物的“单位”前，如时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，表示 “每一”

We often go to school two times a day.

I went to the library once a week at least.

用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使该名词具体化

a coffee, a heavy rain

The get­together was a great success.

用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个

He had a Raphael in his room.

A Mrs. Smith wishes to speak to you.

放在序数词前，不表次序，而表“再，又，还”

Would you want to try a third time？

“a / an＋名词1＋and＋名词2”表示一个人同时拥有两种身份

A singer and dancer has come in.

“a / an＋名词1＋and＋a / an＋名词2”表示两个不同身份的人

A singer and a dancer have come in.

定冠词的用法

例句

特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物

The bag in the desk is mine.

Is this the book you are looking for？

用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物

I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop.The book cost 15 yuan.

用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前，但世界上独一无二的词中，society，nature，space前不加冠词

The sun is bigger than the moon.

One must obey the rules of society. 

与某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，表示某一类人

The wounded were brought to the hospital.

He always helps the poor.

用在某些表示单位的名词前，表示“按……”单位来计算

Tom gets paid by the hour.

用在前面已经提到的人的身体部位前

She patted the boy on the head.

用在整十的复数前，表年代

They got to know each other in the seventies.

两者比较时，表示“……之最”，在比较级前加the

Who is the taller，Tom or Jim？

在固定句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”中，表示“越……越……”

The earlier，the better.

用在序数词，形容词最高级或表示方位的名词前

He was the second to arrive.

This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.

I saw a plane coming from the east.

用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动、运动场所的名称前；但演奏拼音写成的乐器名词时，前面不加任何冠词

The little girl likes to play the violin.

They are going to the cinema tonight.

Do you know how to play erhu？

定冠词的用法

例句

用在报刊，杂志名称的名词之前

I am reading the China Daily now.

Have you got the Evening Paper yet?

用在江河，海洋，山脉，群岛的名称之前

Have you heard of the Himalayas？

We live near the Yellow River.

用在姓名复数之前，表示一家人或某家中的一些人(如夫妇二人)

The Greens are very kind to us.

The Whites like the classical music.

“the＋名词1＋and＋名词2”表示一个人同时拥有两种身份

The host and writer is flying to Italy.

“the＋名词1＋and＋the＋名词2”表示两个不同身份的人

The host and the writer are flying to Italy.

不用冠词的场合

例句

不含普通名词的专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词

Water is the source of life.

I asked him how he liked Paris.

Knowledge begins with practice.

man，mankind，human表人类时，不用冠词，也不用复数

Man/ Mankind/ Human is master of nature.

turn作为系动词，后面的表语若是名词，前面也不用冠词

John turned engineer finally.

表称呼或独一无二的头衔的名词，在做表语，同位语或补语时，不加冠词

Donald Trump became president of America.

交通工具放在by后，前面不加冠词

I went there by plane.

as或though引导的倒装的让步状语从句中，名词提前时，名词前不加冠词

Child as/though she is，she can speak several languages.

在“名词＋介词＋名词”的独立主格结构中，若两个名词前都无修饰语，又不是复数，则不用冠词

He came in，hat on head.(cf: He came in, a hat on his head.)

表示三餐饭的名词之前不用冠词(不包括meal)，但如果指具体的某次餐饮时用定冠词

It's time for breakfast.

What do you have for lunch？

Come on，or the dinner will be getting cold.

在季节，月份，星期几，节日，球类运动，棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词

Summer is hot and winter is cold here.

New Year's Day is coming.

具体某种语言的名称前不用冠词；但其后如有language时，则需要加定冠词the

Can you speak English?

It's difficult to learn the Chinese language well.

某些固定词组不用冠词

They went out hand in hand.

They are father and son.

不用冠词的场合

例句

注意：某些词组用不用冠词、用不同的冠词，意思差异很大，应加强记忆

in prison　　　　　　被监禁，坐牢

in the prison  在监狱里

in charge of  管理

in the charge of  被管理

take place  发生

take the place of  替代

for a moment  一会儿

for the moment  此刻

a number of   许多

the number of  ……的数量

in case of  万一

in the case of  在某种情况下

不定冠词(a/an)的位置

例句

不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前

a book，a wealthy man，an orange coat

位于下列词之后：such，what，many，half

I have never seen such an animal.

Many a man is fit for the job.

当名词前的形容词被副词as，so，too，how，however，enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

So short a time.

quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当quite，rather前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可

quite a lot

定冠词的位置

例句

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前

All the students in the class went out.