2021版高考英语（外研版）一轮复习学案：必修4Module1LifeintheFuture

[单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1．alternative adj.替换的；供选择的

2．arrest vt.逮捕；拘留

3．limit n．(常作复数)范围

4．command n．命令；指令

5．charge n．费用；价钱

6．switch n．开关 vi.交换；调换

7．shape vt.造成……形状

8．eventually adv.最后；终于

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands(command) there.

2．Please make sure that all the lights are_switched(switch) off at night.

3．Childhood experience often plays a big part in shaping(shape) one's character.

4．There were limits(limit) beyond which we could not go, with all our friendship for her.

5．The escaped prisoner got arrested(arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station.

拓展单词

1.mud n．泥→muddy adj.泥泞的

2．crime n．罪；罪行→criminal n．罪犯；犯人

3．predict vt.预言；预料→prediction n．预测

4．risk vt.& n．冒险→risky adj.危险的；冒险的

5．rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可依靠的；可依赖的

6．load vt.装；装载→ unload v．卸载→upload vt.上传→download vt.下载

7.disable vt.使人丧失能力；使残疾→disabled adj.有残疾的；残废的→disability n．失去能力；伤残

8．attach vt.系；贴；连接→attachment n．附件

9．optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→optimism n．乐观主义

10．definite adj.肯定的；确定的→definitely_adv.无疑地；确定地

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．They predicted that there would be an earthquake, but their prediction didn't come true.(predict)

2．The little boy tried to save his sister from the river at the risk of his own life, which is quite risky.(risk)

3.Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help so your software must be reliable.(rely)

4．It is bad manners to laugh at disabled people.Most of us may end up in disability.(disable)

5．Don't forget to check that your attachment is actually attached_to the email.(attach)

6．Mary is an optimistic girl and she believes optimism can create miracles.(optimistic)

7．I definitely remember sending the letter and I'm definite about this.(definite)

阅读单词

1.brick n．砖

2．concrete n．混凝土

3．resource n．(常作复数)资源

4．material n．材料

5．solar adj.太阳的

6.urban adj.都市的；城市的

7．fire vt.开火；启动

8．outdoors adv.户外

9．online adv.联机地

10．catalogue n．目录

11.recreation n．娱乐；消遣

12．power vt.供给动力

13．surgery n．外科手术

14．clinic n．诊所

15．doormat n．门前擦鞋垫

1．(2019·天津卷)I liked facts, things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.具体的

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.猛冲

3．(2018·浙江卷)Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm­based society into an industrial power.强国

4．(2018·浙江卷)The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.形成；塑造

[短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

1．alternative adj.替换的；供选择的 n．可能的选择；选择对象

(1)an alternative to ……的替代品

have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事

have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择

(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地；或者

use as many alternative energy resources as possible 尽可能多地使用替代能源

have no alternative but to wait 只好等待

offer drivers more alternatives 给司机提供更多的备选线路

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline.

②If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.

③We could go to the Indian restaurant, or alternatively(alternative), we could try that new Italian place.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

普通表达：We have to spare no effort to make full preparations for the coming College Entrance Examination.

高级表达：We have_no_alternative_but_to_spare no effort to make full preparations for the coming College Entrance Examination.

[联想发散]　“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有：have no choice but to do；can't do (help) but do sth.；can't choose but do sth.；can do nothing but do sth.等。

2．command n．命令；指令；掌握；指挥；控制 v．命令；指挥

(1)at sb.'s command 听某人支配

in command of 指挥；控制

in/under the command of 由……指挥；由……控制

take command of 控制；担任……的指挥

have a good command of 很好地掌握，精通

(2)command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事

command that ...(should) do ... 命令……

in command of the attached school 管理这所附属中学

have a good command of spoken English and the computer 精通英语口语和电脑

command the workers not to leave their office before dark 命令工人们天黑前不要离开办公室

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①I'm at your command—what would you like me to do?

②Nobody can take command of the situation where everything is in a mess.

③The police commanded him to_describe(describe) what had happened the day before.

＝The police commanded that he (should)_describe(describe) what had happened the day before.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

普通表达：The applicants are supposed to be outgoing persons who know both Chinese and English well.

高级表达：The applicants are supposed to be outgoing persons who have_a_ good_command_of both Chinese and English.

[名师点津]　下列动词后的名词性从句常用虚拟语气：一坚持：insist；二命令：order, command；三建议：suggest, advise, recommend；四要求：demand, request, require, desire；再加一个敦促：urge。

3．charge n．费用；价钱；主管；负责 vt.收费；控诉；充电

(1)take charge of 掌管/负责……

in charge of 控制/管理……

in/under the charge of 受……的管理

free of charge ＝ for free 免费

(2)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用

charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事

in charge of collecting the rubbish 负责收集垃圾

be charged with taking drugs 被指控吸毒

charge me fifty dollars for a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡向我要价50美元

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten­mile limit.

②There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge for admission or not.

③They are afraid of being charged with knocking him or her down if they help the old.

[能力提升]——一句多译

他不能掌管那家电脑公司，因为这超出了他的能力。

①He can't be in_charge_of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.

②He can't take_charge_of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.

③The computer company can't be in/under_the_charge_of him because it is beyond his ability.

4．attach v．系；贴；连接；把……固定；使附属；重视

attach ...to ...把……系到……上；使……和……相联系

attach oneself to sb./sth.依附于某人；参加某事

attach importance/significance to 认为……重要/有意义

be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于

with a suitable poem attached to it 上面附着一首与之相配的诗

be attached to the network games 沉迷于电脑游戏

attach great importance to developing children's good habits 重视培养孩子们的好习惯

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The boy is now studying in the middle school attached(attach) to the normal university.

②My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.

[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级

父母非常重视教育，他们会尽力给予他们的孩子们这个无价之宝。

①Parents attach_much_importance_to_education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.

②Attaching_much_importance_to_education,_parents will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.(过去分词作状语)

5．shape vt.造成……形状；塑造 n．形状；体形

(1)shape ...into ...把……加工/塑造成……

(2)be in good/bad shape 情况良好/不佳

out of shape 变/走样；不成样子；身体不舒服，生病

in the shape of 某种形状的，呈……的形状

play an important part in shaping one's character 在塑造一个人的品格上起重要作用

look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond 呈钻石状，真的很美

be shaped like different kinds of animals 呈现不同种类动物的形象

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Often our behavior is_shaped(shape) by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize.

②The children enjoy shaping the snow into figures of people and animals.

③Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push­ups too to stay in shape.

[能力提升]——一句多译

一条形状像L的新的道路正在我的家乡修建。

①A new road, whose_shape_is_like_an_L,_is being built in our hometown. (shape n．)

②A new road, shaped_like_an_L,_is being built in our hometown.(过去分词作定语)

6.run out (某物)用完；不多了；没有了

(1)run out of 用完(及物动词短语)

use up 用完；耗尽(及物动词短语)

give out 用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)

(2)run across 偶然遇到

run after 追逐；追求

run into 撞上；偶遇

run for 竞选

run out of energy and patience 耗尽了精力和耐心

run for the vice president of the English Club 竞选英语俱乐部副主席的职位

run into the same difficulties that beat me before 遭遇到以前曾击败过我的同样的困难

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(2019·北京卷)If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.

②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Through the years, I'd run into/across former students who would provide updates on old classmates.

③Mary was fond of running after every new fashion when she was young.

[能力提升]——一句多译

我的钱已经花完了，因此我买不起这本书。

①I have_run_out_of/have_used_up my money, so I can't afford to buy the book.

②My money has_run_out/has_given_out,_so I can't afford to buy the book.(主动语态)

③My money has_been_run_out_of/has_been_used_up,_so I can't afford to buy the book.(被动语态)

7．rely on/upon依靠；依赖；信任

(1)rely on sb.to do sth.＝ rely on sb./one's doing sth.依靠某人做某事

rely on it that ...相信……；指望……

(2)reliable adj.可靠的，可信赖的

rely on surfing the Internet rather than read newspapers for news 依赖上网而非读报获取新闻

have to rely on your own judgment 必须依靠你自己的判断

rely on their parents to do everything for them 依赖父母为他们做所有事情

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(2019·北京卷)Some students don't have a reliable(rely) car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.

②Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to_do/doing(do) everything for them.

③You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.

[能力提升]——一句多译

你可以相信你在困难时我会帮助你。

①You may rely_on_me_to_help_you when you are in trouble.(不定式)

②You may rely_on_me/my_helping_you when you are in trouble.(v.­ing形式)

③You may rely_on_it_that_I_will_help_you when you are in trouble.(从句)

8．(教材P8)I'm too busy enjoying my life now to_worry_about the future！我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！

[句型公式]　too ...to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”，是一个表示否定意义的句型。

(1)某些形容词与“too ...to ...”句型连用时，too(＝ very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad, pleased, surprised, delighted, happy, willing, ready, eager, anxious等。

(2)“too ...to ...”结构和never, not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。

[金句推送]　(北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience.

同学们在考虑上哪所大学之前应该对大学有一个合适的态度，为健康且有意义的大学经历做些必要的准备永远都不会太早。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(2019·江苏卷)We all know that exercise is good for us, but sometimes it seems too hard to_leave(leave) the sofa.

②(2016·天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to_carry(carry) on a conversation with her.

[能力提升]——一句多译

玛丽学习太专注了，以至于没有听到外面的嘈杂声。

①Mary was too_absorbed_in_her_study_to_hear the noise outside.(too ...to ...)

②Mary was so_absorbed_in_her_study_that_she_didn't_hear the noise outside. (so ...that ...)

9．(教材P9)Not_all predictions come true.并不是所有的预言都会变为现实。

[句型公式]　句中Not all ...为部分否定，意为“并非都……”，有时也可用“all ...not”表示。

(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。

(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。

[金句推送]　(山东卷)“Where there is a will, there is a way” is an old proverb which almost everyone knows, but not all understand it so well.“有志者事竟成”是一个几乎人人皆知的古老谚语，但并非所有人都理解得那么透彻。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(2016·浙江卷)While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.

②As a matter of fact, none of us can live alone in society.

③Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.

[能力提升]——一句多译

事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。

①The truth is that not_everyone_is_attaching_great_importance_to time management.(not everyone ...)

②The truth is that everyone_isn't_attaching_great_importance_to time management.(everyone ...not)

多维训练——夯实基础

维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空

1．To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming(become) rich and famous.

2．We had intended to take a two­day trip, but we were too busy to_afford(afford) it.

3．They have designed a new type of car shaped(shape) like a spider.

4．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait(wait)．

5．She is deaf, but refuses to let her disability(disable) prevent her from doing what she wants to do.

维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词

1．While you have a good command of English, you still need more practice.

2．You may rely on it that Tom will come and help us if we are faced with a dilemma.

3．Not both of my parents are in favor of my idea of traveling around the world.

4．Her son was charged with cheating by the police, which made it difficult for her to go to sleep.

5．Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there's none left.

维度3——查缺补漏(单句语法填空/单句改错)

1．Life as an aid worker can be a risky (risk) business.

2．The man was_arrested(arrest) by the police because he stole a car yesterday.

3．Short skirts are definitely on the way out now and longer ones are in fashion again.

4．Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loading with goods.loading→loaded

5．Every day reading a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized._reading→read

维度4——话题写作

1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)

①地球上的资源是有限的。

The resources_on_the_earth_are_limited.

②科学家预言随着经济的发展这些资源会用完的。

Scientists predict_that_the_resources_will_run_out with the development of economy.

③我们最终可以依靠科学家来找到替代能源。

We can rely_on_scientists_to_find_alternative_energy_eventually.

④我们应该重视环境保护。

We should attach_importance_to environmental protection.

⑤我们必须摆脱浪费能源的做法。

We have to get_rid_of any practice that wastes energy.

⑥我们应该过低碳生活，用电、太阳能或风能给车提供动力。

We should live a low­carbon life and power_cars_with_electricity,_solar energy or wind power.

⑦无论我们在哪儿，我们都应该注意自己的行为并且为保护环境做出贡献。

Wherever we are, we should look_out_for our own behavior and make contributions to protecting the environment.

2．升级平淡句

(1)用rely on后跟宾语从句改写句③

We_can_rely_on_it_that_scientists_will_find_alternative_energy_eventually.

(2)用“no matter＋疑问词”改写句⑦

No_matter_where_we_are,_we_should_look_out_for_our_own_behavior_and_make_contributions_to_protecting_the_environment.

3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however, at the same time, also, for a start, secondly, in a word)

The resources on the earth are limited.Scientists predict that the resources will run out with the development of economy.However, we can rely on it that scientists will find alternative energy eventually.At the same time, we should also attach importance to environmental protection.For a start, we have to get rid of any practice that wastes energy.Secondly, we should live a low­carbon life and power cars with electricity, solar energy or wind power.In a word, no matter where we are, we should look out for our own behavior and make contributions to protecting the environment.