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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book5Module1
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基础知识默写
1.obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的→obviously adv.显然地
2.confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confused adj.感到困惑的→confuse vt.使困惑→confusion n.困惑
3.compare vt.比较→comparison n.比较
4.remark n.评论；讲话
5.steadily adv.不断地；持续地→steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的
6.switch n.开关，转换 v.转变；转换
7.rapidly adv.迅速地→rapid adj.快速的
8.announcement n.声明；宣告→announce vt.声明；宣告→announcer n.播音员
9.add vt.加；增加→addition n.加法；增加→additional adj.额外的；另外的→additionally adv.此外
10.present vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等) adj.目前的；到场的，出席的 n.礼物→presence n.在场；出席；存在；出现→presentation n.提交；陈述
11.standard adj.标准的；n.标准
12.variety n.种类；多样化→various adj.各种各样的→vary v.变化；不同
13.differ vi.不同，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n.不同，区别
14.attempt n.& vt.尝试；努力→attempted adj.未遂的
15.reference n.参考；查阅→refer vi.谈及；提到；查阅；参考
16.linguist n.语言学家→linguistics n.语言学
17.omit vt.省略→omission n.省略
18.accent n.口音
19.queue vi.排队(等候)
20.settler n.移民；定居者→settle vt.定居；安顿→settlement n.定居；解决→settled adj.不变的；稳定的→unsettled adj.不安的；未解决的
21.combination n.组合；结合；密码组合→combine vt.使结合；使联合
22.edition n.期；版→edit vt.编辑→editor n.编辑
23.satellite n.卫星
24.structure n.结构；体系
25.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的→simply adv.简单地；仅仅；不过
26.criticise vt.批评→criticism n.批评→critic n.批评家→critical adj.关键的；批评的
27.distinctive adj.与众不同的→distinct adj.有区别的；清晰的
28.look n.外观；外表；样子
29.have...in common (with)(和……)有……相同的特点
30.make a difference有影响，使不相同；关系重大，起作用
31.get around四处走动(旅行)
32.be similar to与……相似
33.lead to导致；引起
34.in favour of支持；同意
35.refer to...as...称……为……
36.thanks to多亏，幸亏
37.be known for因为……而著名
38.Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，it’s a torch.
美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人叫它torch。
39.A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
40.However，if you turn on CNN，the American TV network，you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents.
然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员操着不同的口音。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard (标准) for dining out.(2018·江苏)
2.This switch(转换) has decreased pollution in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3.Seeing the disaster，I have been worried about you and your family.I’m anxious to know your present(现在的) situation.
4.The obvious(明显的) cost is money；eating out once or twice a week may be affordable but doing this most days adds up.(2018·浙江)
5.Deng Xiaoping made his wellknown remark(讲话): “It does not matter whether they are black cats or white cats；so long as they catch mice，they are good cats.”
6.If you have a juicer，you can simply(simple) feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
7.There are huge numbers of reference books which I am often confused(confuse) to choose from.
(2018·江苏)
8.I helped them to see themselves differently(different)，and they built themselves into winners.
(2018·天津)
9.Working out in the morning provides additional(add) benefits beyond being physically fit.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
10.They discussed various(vary) matters all over the world.(2017·浙江)
11.Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly(rapid).
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
12.But now，with the combination(combine) of a better price point and a generally fresher product，they can stay in business.(2018·江苏)
13.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical(criticise) eye.(2018·北京)
14.After the announcement(announce) of the prize，he said he hoped his success could encourage the youths around the world，especially the Chinese.
15.The Chinese government has been seeking a peaceful settlement(settle) in order to further its relation with Japan.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
1.Thanks to the historic power of the British empire and the economic power of the United States，English came to be standard. However，it was an accident that 2.led to the fact that English is better than any other language. When we 3.refer to as standard English，which one do we mean? Is it British English，American English or Australian English? And we may also have difficulty in deciding what English we should teach.In Singapore，the Singapore government is 4.in favour of getting Singaporeans to speak standard English.
English is everywhere. What the Italian prime minister said 5.got around recently. He put English first.“For Italy to become part of the modern global world，it needs English，Internet and business.” It 6.is similar to the scene in Beijing，which 7.is known for its openingup policy and cooperative attitude.In South Korea，the teaching also 8.has something in common with other countries，where usually a nonnative speaker teaches another nonnative speaker—in English! That’s the future of the world.
In a word，the international cooperation really 9.makes a difference in the development of English.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Due to the increasingly serious pollution，some people are having difficulty (in) accessing safe drinking water.[have difficulty (in) doing sth.]
由于污染越来越严重，一些人很难接触到安全的饮用水。
2.I was never very neat，while my friend was completely organised.(while表对比)
我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的朋友却极有条理。
3.Arriving at the game，the famous actor found himself surrounded by a number of journalists.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
一到大门口，这个著名的演员发现自己被很多记者包围起来了。
1.“ist”表“……家”词汇搜索
(1)linguist n.语言学家
(2)scientist n.科学家
(3)physicist n.物理学家
(4)artist n.艺术家
(5)pianist n.钢琴家
(6)violinist n.小提琴家
2.“后缀ify”动词小结
(1)simplify 简化
(2)identify 确定；识别
(3)beautify 美化
(4)purify 净化
(5)terrify 使害怕
3.“in＋n.＋of”短语聚焦
(1)in favour of 支持；赞成
(2)in honour of 为了纪念
(3)in memory of 为了纪念
(4)in charge of 掌管
(5)in need of 需要
(6)in search of 搜寻
(1)confuse vt.使困惑；使迷惑；使为难
confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆
(2)confused adj.困惑的
be/get confused with/about对……感到困惑
(3)confusion n.困惑；糊涂；混淆
(1)I can’t see how anyone could confuse you with/and another!
(2)If you are confused(confuse) about anything，email me.
(3)For example，there are huge numbers of reference books which I am often confused to choose(choose) from.(2018·江苏)
(4)Confused(confuse) at the differences between her culture and theirs，Annie wanted to return home.(2018·北京西城区模拟)
(5)There is some confusion(confuse) about what the correct procedure should be.
(1)differ from不同于……；和……不同
differ in在……方面不同
differ with sb.on/about/over sth.在某事上和某人有分歧/异议
(2)difference n.不同之处
make a difference to...对……有影响/起作用
tell the difference between A and B 分清A和B
(3)different adj.不同的
be different from...in...在……方面与……不同
(1)Changing schools did make a difference to my life.
转学确实对我的生活产生了影响。
(2)[一句多译] 英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。
①British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(differ)
②British English is obviously different from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(different)
③There are obvious differences between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling.(difference)
(1)settle v.(使)定居；结束；解决；决定；确定；平静下来
settle down安顿下来；安静下来
settle down to开始专心做……(to是介词)
settle in/into(帮助……)在新居安顿下来；(帮助……)适应(新环境、新工作)
settle on/upon决定……；选定……
(2)settlement n.定居点；解决；移民；偿清
(1)Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution，the company eventually settled in/into Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
该公司成立于1905年革命后的莫斯科，最终于20世纪20年代末期在特拉维夫安顿下来。
(2)They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.
他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论一个重要的问题。
[句式升级]
(3)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed.
①With the problem settled，they were happy and relaxed.(用with复合结构改写)
②Because/As the problem was settled，they were happy and relaxed.(改为含有状语从句的复合句)
present adj.现存的，当前的；在场的，出席的
n.礼物；目前
v.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；授予；展示；呈现；主持
(1)be present at出席
(2)at present目前；现在
for the present目前；暂时
make sb.a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人
(3)present sth.to sb.(＝present sb.with sth.)向某人赠送某物
(1)We were present at the concert while Tom was absent from it.
我们参加了音乐会，但是汤姆缺席了。
(2)He liked my old typewriter so much，thus I presented it to him/presented him with it/made him a present of it.他很喜欢我的旧打字机，因此我把它送给了他。
[句式升级]
(3)Many teachers and parents were present at the meeting.(改为倒装句)
Present at the meeting were many teachers and parents.
易错点拨 present作前置定语时，意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。
(1)attempt to do...尝试(试图)做……
(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试做……
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj.未遂的
(1)In an attempt to encourage the students to do some reading and provide the students with more good books，our school is planning to hold the Reading Festival in the library next Friday.
(2)Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted(attempt) murder.
(3)I passed my driving test at the first attempt(第一次尝试).
(4)[同义句改写] They attempted to climb(climb) that hill.
→They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing that hill.
(1)in common共有；共用；共同
in common with与……一样
(2)common sense常识；情理
(3)It is common for sb.to do...某人做某事很平常。
(1)It is quite common for people to do things like this.
(2)For more than six million American children，coming home after school means coming home to an empty house.All of them have something in common(有共同之处).
(3)I must say，in common with(与……一样) Helen，that I strongly oppose the proposal.
(4)They had nothing in common(没有共同之处) with me.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
lead sb.to do...使某人做……
lead sb.to...带某人去……
lead to sb./sb.’s doing...导致某人做……
lead the way带路
lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
lead/live a(n)...life过……的生活
(1)The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s being caught(catch).
(2)[用lead短语的正确形式完成下面小片段]
With him ①leading the way(带路)，we got there without any difficulty.But for him，we would have been lost，which would ②lead to(导致) serious consequences.His action ③led us to believe(使我们相信) that he was our true friend.
A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yoker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
difficulty前可用some，any，no，little等词来修饰。表示“做某事有困难”还有如下结构：
have difficulty/trouble with sth.
have trouble/problems/a hard time (in) doing sth.
There’s difficulty/trouble
(1)Many teenagers have difficulty communicating(communicate) with their parents.
许多青少年和他们的父母交流有困难。
(2)Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently.每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，我们的老师总是耐心地帮助我们。
(3)You can’t imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing(deal) with the problems.
你想象不到我们处理这些问题时所遇到的困难。
(4)Tom had some trouble/difficulty (in) understanding some Chinese customs during the travel.
在这次旅行中，汤姆很难理解一些中国习俗。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently，compared(compare) to infrequent readers，have more books in the home.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2．The proposal attempts to deal(deal) with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semiautonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.(2017·天津)
3．Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled(settle) and fewer in number.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
4．The disease was spreading more rapidly(rapid) than expected.
5．As the ceremony was nearing the end，I suddenly heard the head coach announcing(announce)，“The highest honor goes to Cathy！”
6．Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference(different) in the world.(2017·北京)
7．One solution is obviously(obvious) to import foreign workers via immigration.(2017·江苏)
8．I was delighted at the presence(present) of such a student.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
9．One woman，Mrs Gilbert，presented Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.
10．Facing the new challenge，she is strongly against the improvement plan while her partners are in favour of it.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(语言学习)
1．得知你在努力尝试学习中文，并寻找提高口语的办法，我非常高兴。(way to do sth.)
2．我想向你提出一些如何提高中文口语的建议，肯定会非常有益。(which引导非限制性定语从句；be of＋抽象名词结构)
3．显然，与其他语言相比，中文有时候会令人迷惑，导致学习的过程中出现很多疑惑。(v.ing作结果状语)
4．因此，在汉语学习过程中，兴趣、决心和努力意义重大。(强调句型)
5．和朋友们用中文在线交流是一个好办法，这会让你迅速取得进步。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
6．尽管在学习过程中你可能会遇到一些困难，但是永远不要放弃练习。(have difficulty (in) doing sth.)
7．我坚信，你的努力一定会得到回报。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
I am more than delighted to know that 11.you are attempting to learn Chinese and seeking ways to improve your spoken Chinese.I would like to 12.present some advice on how to improve your spoken Chinese to you，13.which will surely be of benefit to you.14.Obviously，compared with other languages，Chinese 15.is more confusing，leading to a lot of confusion while learning.Therefore，in the process of learning Chinese,16.it is your interest，determination and hard work that will make a difference.In addition,17.communicating with friends online in Chinese is a good idea,18.which will make it easy for you to make rapid progress in your spoken Chinese.19.Most importantly，though you may have some difficulties (in) learning Chinese，never give up practising.20.I am fully convinced that your efforts will pay off.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
For the longest time，Amber Austwick was unable to speak.In fact，it took a donkey to inspire her first words.Amber，a 6yearold girl in Birmingham，England，was born prematurely，along with her twin sister，Hope，in June 2010.
Both babies suffered severe bleeding in their lungs，but Hope got stronger while Amber needed a lifesaving tracheotomy(气管切开术) that restricted air to vocal cords(声带)．As a result，she was able to breathe，but unable to speak.But that changed three years ago，when Amber’s mom，Tracy Austwick，took her to an animal shelter.It was there that Amber met Shocks，a donkey that had been rescued from abuse.
“It was quite scary really，”Tracy Austwick said.“Shocks was in the stadium and the riding instructor took little Amber to him and I found it scary for me because Shocks was so much bigger than her.”“But Amber wasn’t scared and Shocks was really excited to meet her and they’ve kept that bond ever since.”The bond is so strong that when Amber was ready to say her first words，she said them to Shocks：“I love you.”
Amber’s mother was shocked that her daughter spoke to Shocks.“It was such an emotional moment.I couldn’t believe my daughter had finally found her voice，”she said.“Once she met Shocks who brought her out of her shell，she’s a lot more confident with him and with friends at school who she loves to talk to about him and the donkey shelter.”
Although Shocks still lives at the shelter，he’s part of the Austwick family.“Amber will always visit Shocks and she still sees him whenever she can，” Tracy said.
语篇解读 这是一篇人物故事。六岁的安伯从小肺部有严重问题，经过手术，她可以呼吸了，但是不能说话。三年前，安伯的母亲带她到一个动物收容所去。在那儿，安伯遇见了一头名叫Shocks的驴子。结果，安伯说出了她一生中的前三个字：I Love You.从此以后，安伯变得越来越有自信了。
21．What do the twin sisters have in common?
A．They were born deaf and dumb.
B．They had vocal cord injured.
C．They suffered physical abuse.
D．They had severe lung problems.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Both babies suffered severe bleeding in their lungs”可知，她们的肺部流血严重。故选D项。
22．The bond with Shocks made Amber .
A．like going to the donkey shelter with her good friends
B．fear animals no longer and dare to get close to them
C．become more confident and willing to talk to people
D．fight against her lung disease bravely
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第三段中的“The bond is so strong that when Amber was ready to say her first words，she said them to Shocks：‘I love you.’”和第四段中的“Once she met Shocks who brought her out of her shell，she’s a lot more confident with him and with friends at school who she loves to talk to about him and the donkey shelter.”可推知，与Shocks的相识使得安伯在学校里变得更加自信，更愿意与人交谈了，故选C项。
23．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Shocks Helps Amber to Recover from Her Lung Bleeding
B．A New Medical Cure Is Applied to Rescue the Patients
C．Amber Has Developed a Strong Bond with Her Friends
D．Girl Who Couldn’t Speak Tells A Donkey “I Love You”
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了因肺部流血而不能说话的小女孩安伯在与一头名叫Shocks的驴相识后说出了她一生中的前三个字：I Love You.从此以后，安伯变得越来越有自信。故D选项作本文标题最佳。
话题：兴趣与爱好 难度星级：☆☆
As years went by，I realized that one of the biggest problems of these adults was worry.A large majority of students were businessmen，executives，salesmen，engineers，accountants：a cross section of all the trades and professions—and most of them had problems！There were women in the classes—businesswomen and housewives.They，too，had problems！Clearly，what I needed was a textbook on how to conquer worry—so again I tried to find one.
I went to New York’s great public library at Fifth Avenue and Fortysecond Street and discovered，to my astonishment，that this library had only twentytwo books listed under the title WORRY.I also noticed，to my amusement，that it had one hundred and eightynine books listed under WORMS.Almost nine times as many books about worms as about worry! Surprising，isn’t it？Since worry is one of the biggest problems facing mankind，you would think，wouldn’t you，that every high school and college would give a course on “How to Stop Worrying”？
Yet，is there even one course on that subject in any college in the land？I have never heard of it.No wonder David Seabury said in his book How to Worry Successfully：“We grow up with as little preparation for the pressures of experience as a bookworm asked to do a ballet (芭蕾舞)．”
The result？More than half of our hospital beds are occupied by people with nervous and emotional troubles.
I looked over those twentytwo books on worry，reposing(靠) on the shelves of the New York Public Library.In addition，I purchased all the books on worry I could find；yet I couldn’t discover even one that I could use as a textbook in my course for adults.So I decided to write one by myself.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作者从他的学生们的现状中意识到成年人最大的问题之一就是焦虑。作者去纽约最大的公共图书馆寻找他教学用的书，但没有找到。于是，作者决定自己写一本关于焦虑的书。
24．What made the writer realize one of the adults’ biggest problems?
A．His wide reading.
B．His practical survey.
C．His scientific research.
D．His students’ real situation.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。答案定位在第一段第二、三、四句“A large majority of students were businessmen，executives，salesmen，engineers，accountants：a cross section of all the trades and professions—and most of them had problems! There were women in the classes—businesswomen and housewives.They，too，had problems！”由此可知，作者从他的学生们的现状中意识到成年人最大的问题之一就是焦虑。故选D。
25．What do David Seabury’s words in Paragraph 3 show?
A．Worry is extremely common.
B．We lack knowledge of worry.
C．We show no interest in worry.
D．Worry can hardly be controlled.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中David Seabury在他的书中说的“如同一个书呆子去跳芭蕾舞一样，我们在对压力毫无准备的情况下不断成长”可推断出他的话表明，我们缺乏关于焦虑的知识。故选B。
26．The writer wrote the passage to .
A．show us how to conquer worry
B．warn us of the possible danger of worry
C．persuade us to get rid of worry
D．explain why he wanted to write a book on worry
答案 D
解析 写作目的题。答案定位在最后一段，作者在图书馆找不到现成的教材，所以决定自己写一本，所以作者写这篇文章是为了解释他写一本关于焦虑内容的书的原因。故选D。
话题：世界与环境 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels，but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float.
An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100，the UN’s climate change experts have warned.
President Mohamed Nasheed has declared a fight for survival，and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study suggestions for a floating structure that could support a conference centre，homes and an 18hole golf course.
The company，Dutch Docklands，is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai.Its website said it undertook projects that make “land from water by providing largescale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”．
The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.The city，which has a population of 100,000，is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30milliondollar sea wall，and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to fight climate change.
Nasheed，who held the world’s first underwater cabinet (内阁) meeting in October to highlight his people’s serious and difficult situation，has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completely covered.
He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral (碳中和)” by 2020.His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks.
语篇解读 本文叙述了马尔代夫人民面对海平面的上升不得不考虑如何应对被淹没的可能。近年来该国陆续采取了一些措施来应对这一问题。
27．According to the passage，the Maldives is a country .
A．that is made up of many small islands
B．which has been covered by water now
C．where people live in underwater houses
D．whose people live in their floating homes
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100.”可知马尔代夫由很多小岛组成，故选A。
28．Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands for his plan probably because it .
A．has a good fame throughout the world
B．charges much less than other companies
C．has experience in building floating structures
D．supports building floating structures in the world
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Its website said it undertook projects that make ‘land from water by providing largescale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land’．”可知这家公司的网站上显示他们曾经承担过在水上建造建筑物的任务，所以选择这家公司。
29．The Hulhumale was built for the purpose of .
A．attracting more visitors
B．making it a new capital
C．fighting against climate change
D．making the capital less crowded
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.”可知目的是为了减轻拥堵。
30．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To promote the idea of lowcarbon living style.
B．To tell people that the Maldives is disappearing soon.
C．To discuss the causes why the Maldives faces extinction.
D．To introduce the efforts taken by Maldivians to fight for life.
答案 D
解析 写作目的题。通读全文可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了介绍马尔代夫为解决因海平面上升而威胁人类生存问题所采取的措施。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2019·浙江“五校联考”第一次考试)
Stress occurs when you feel that demands placed on you—such as work，school or relationships—are beyond your ability. 31 However，untreated longterm stress can result in serious health conditions including anxiety，insomnia，muscle pain，high blood pressure and a weakened immune system. 32 Everyone is different，so are the ways they choose to manage their stress.Some people prefer pursuing hobbies such as gardening，playing music and creating art，while others find relief in more solitary (独自的) activities：meditation，yoga and walking. 33
Do some exercise.The research keeps growing exercise benefits your mind just as well as your body.We keep hearing about the longterm benefits of a regular exercise routine.But even a 20minute walk，run，swim or dance session in the midst of a stressful time can give an immediate effect that can last for several hours.
34 It may seem difficult to get away from a big work project，a crying baby or a growing credit card bill.But when you give yourself permission to step away from it，you let yourself have time to do something else，which can help you have a new perspective or practice techniques to feel less overwhelmed.It’s important not to avoid your stress(those bills have to be paid sometime)，but even just 20 minutes to take care of yourself is helpful.
Smile and laugh.Our brains are interconnected with our emotions and facial expressions.When people are stressed，they often hold a lot of the stress in their faces.So laughs or smiles can help relieve some of that tension and improve the situation.
Try meditation.Meditation and mindful prayer help the mind and body to relax and focus.Mindfulness can help people see new perspectives，develop selfcompassion and forgiveness. 35 Much like exercise，research has shown that even meditating briefly can bring immediate benefits.
A．Take a break from the stressor.
B．Get some social support from whatever sources you can access.
C．Too much stress can affect body systems and cause mental problems.
D．Here are four healthy techniques that may help reduce stress in the short and long term.
E．But by finding positive，healthy ways，many of these negative health consequences can be reduced.
F．When practicing mindfulness，people can release emotions contributing to the body physical stress.
G．Some stress can be beneficial at times，producing a boost that helps people get through tough situations.
答案 31.G 32.E 33.D 34.A 35.F
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2019·福建东山二中模拟)
Many language learners think their pronunciation is good enough because their teacher doesn’t correct them too often or because other students can 36 them.
Pronunciation is the area which is 37 the least attention to in language learning.Most teachers 38 just let their students speak and stop them 39 they say something completely wrong.Working on each student’s pronunciation in class is just 40 .Also，the students who are 41 at pronunciation may be afraid that it will embarrass their classmates if they help 42 their mistakes.
If you believe your pronunciation is good enough to 43 because it is good enough for your teacher and other students，you may be 44 when you actually go to a foreign country.One of my friends was the best student in his 45 class in Poland.When he went to America，he found Americans didn’t understand 46 of what he said.
Your pronunciation may still be quite 47 that of a native speaker.If this is the 48 ，other people will find it 49 to understand what you’re saying and will not be comfortable with you.
50 ，don’t think you can communicate in a foreign language 51 you’ve tested your skills on real native speakers. 52 for native or nearnative pronunciation so that people you talk to can communicate with you 53 .In order to achieve this goal，there’s 54 that you will need to start thinking about pronunciation and 55 time on it.
语篇解读 本文讲述了在英语教学中，人们对发音的忽视导致很多人都不能用英语和以英语为母语的人进行流畅的交流，并呼吁改善这种情况。
36．A.mistake B．watch
C．surround D．understand
答案 D
解析 mistake弄错；watch观看；surround包围；understand明白，理解。因为老师很少纠正他们，而且其他同学都能理解，他们就认为自己的英语发音很好。故选D。
37．A.fixed B．drawn
C．paid D．called
答案 C
解析 pay attention to...注意……。本句是被动语态，在语言学习中，发音是最不被注意的。故选C。
38．A.never B．ever
C．even D．usually
答案 D
解析 never从来没有；ever曾经；even甚至；usually通常。通常大部分老师只是让学生讲英语。故选D。
39．A.only if B．if only
C．even if D．if ever
答案 A
解析 only if只有；if only但愿；even if即使；if ever如果有过的话。只有当学生完全错误的时候，老师才会纠正他们的错误。故选A。
40．A.fantastic B．impossible
C．necessary D．important
答案 B
解析 fantastic奇异的；impossible不可能的；necessary必要的；important重要的。课堂上纠正每个学生的发音是不可能的事情。故选B。
41．A.poor B．well
C．good D．strict
答案 C
解析 be good at...擅长……。故选C。
42．A.find out B．work out
C．try out D．point out
答案 D
解析 find out找出，查明；work out算出，制定出；try out试验；point out指出。擅长发音的同学担心如果他们指出同学的错误会让同学感觉很尴尬。故选D。
43．A.communicate B．travel
C．pronounce D．exchange
答案 A
解析 communicate交流；travel旅行；pronounce发音；exchange交换。如果你认为你的发音很好足以进行交流，当你真正在国外的时候，你可能会感到惊讶。故选A。
44．A.happy B．disappointed
C．surprised D．excited
答案 C
解析 happy高兴的；disappointed感到失望的；surprised感到吃惊的；excited感到兴奋的。但是当你真正在国外的时候，你可能会很惊讶。故选C。
45．A.Polish B．French
C．German D．English
答案 D
解析 Polish波兰语；French法语；German德语；English英语。这里指这位波兰朋友的英语是他们班上最好的。故选D。
46．A.none B．half
C．rest D．lot
答案 B
解析 他发现美国人连他说的话的一半都听不懂。故选B。
47．A.near to B．different from
C．far from D．from far
答案 C
解析 near to接近……的；different from不同于……的；far from远非；from far从远处。你的发音远远不如以英语为母语的人。故选C。
48．A.same B．matter
C．case D．fact
答案 C
解析 如果这就是实际情况，那么别人会发现和你交流很困难。故选C。
49．A.easy B．beneficial
C．convenient D．hard
答案 D
解析 easy容易的；beneficial有益的；convenient方便的；hard困难的。句意见上题解析。故选D。
50．A.In conclusion B．In other words
C．On the contrary D．In total
答案 A
解析 in conclusion最后，总之；in other words换言之；on the contrary正相反；in total总计。总之，直到你通过本地人检测你的语言技能后你才能认为你能用外语交流。故选A。
51．A.when B．until
C．as D．while
答案 B
解析 not...until...直到……才……。句意见上题解析。故选B。
52．A.Stand B．Look
C．Aim D．Account
答案 C
解析 aim for以……为目标。以本地人或者接近本地人的发音为目标。故选C。
53．A.smoothly B．difficultly
C．truly D．practically
答案 A
解析 smoothly流畅地；difficultly困难地；truly真正地；practically实际地。以便人们可以和你流畅地交流。故选A。
54．A.no way B．no need
C．no doubt D．no wonder
答案 C
解析 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……。故选C。
55．A.take B．cost
C．spend D．kill
答案 C
解析 spend...on...在……花费时间。你需要考虑在发音上多花点时间。故选C。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Since I was first in China，my life，and China itself，have developed and changed a lot.I came here in 2012 56. (travel) and visit a friend.I had a fantastic time 57. (explore) beautiful places in Beijing，Shanghai，Sichuan and Hong Kong within 5 weeks.Then，with the taste of China in my mouth，I 58. (return) to Beijing as an exchange student in 2014，59. I fell in love with this city.Despite the pollution and people everywhere，what I saw in Beijing was a city 60. (constant) on the move and developing at a pace so unknown to me，a man from a small and sleepy 61. (Australia) city.
China today is a country rich 62. ancient knowledge and custom，yet one that is also bursting with 63. (create)．Although some things，like the delicious dumplings across China，suggest that they will always stay 64. same，other things are changing at a pace beyond imagination.I’m sure，as 65. (I) life continues here in Beijing，I will be swept over by the next new convenience of life that China’s rapid development is bringing out.
56．答案 to travel
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：2012年我来这里是为了旅游和看望一个朋友。表示“目的”时要用动词不定式，故填to travel。
57．答案 exploring
解析 考查非谓语动词。have a good/fantastic time doing sth.做某事很开心。故填exploring。
58．答案 returned
解析 考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语是in 2014，所以要用一般过去时。故填returned。
59．答案 when/and
解析 考查定语从句的引导词或连词。分析句子结构可知，此处可以是定语从句的引导词，先行词是2014，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when；上一句提到作者2014年重新回到北京，设空处后面提到作者喜欢上了这座城市，两个句子之间也可以是时间的顺承关系，故也可以填并列连词and。
60．答案 constantly
解析 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰后面的介词短语on the move和非谓语动词developing，所以要用副词。故填constantly。
61．答案 Australian
解析 考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词city，应用形容词；根据句意可知，此处指“澳大利亚的”，故填Australian。
62．答案 in
解析 考查介词。be rich in...为固定搭配，意为“在……方面丰富”，此处是形容词短语rich in ancient knowledge and custom作后置定语修饰a country。故填in。
63．答案 creativity
解析 考查词性转换。介词with后面应跟名词，动词create意为“创造”，名词creativity意为“创造力”。故填creativity。
64．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。same常和定冠词连用，stay the same保持不变。故填the。
65．答案 my
解析 考查代词。life是名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，故填my。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，下晚自习回家途中不小心被电动车撞倒，你校的外籍交换生Jack第一时间给予了帮助。请你给Jack写封信表示感谢。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Jack，
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude for your timely help when I was involved in that terrible accident.
After selfstudy class at night，when walking down the road，I was knocked down by an electric motor car.Before I saw the rider’s face，he had already run away.It was so dark that nobody noticed me.Luckily，you were just passing by，taking me to the nearest hospital immediately.Now I’m getting better.
I’d like to treat you to show my appreciation this Sunday.Looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
基础知识默写
1.obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的→obviously adv.显然地
2.confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confused adj.感到困惑的→confuse vt.使困惑→confusion n.困惑
3.compare vt.比较→comparison n.比较
4.remark n.评论；讲话
5.steadily adv.不断地；持续地→steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的
6.switch n.开关，转换 v.转变；转换
7.rapidly adv.迅速地→rapid adj.快速的
8.announcement n.声明；宣告→announce vt.声明；宣告→announcer n.播音员
9.add vt.加；增加→addition n.加法；增加→additional adj.额外的；另外的→additionally adv.此外
10.present vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等) adj.目前的；到场的，出席的 n.礼物→presence n.在场；出席；存在；出现→presentation n.提交；陈述
11.standard adj.标准的；n.标准
12.variety n.种类；多样化→various adj.各种各样的→vary v.变化；不同
13.differ vi.不同，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n.不同，区别
14.attempt n.& vt.尝试；努力→attempted adj.未遂的
15.reference n.参考；查阅→refer vi.谈及；提到；查阅；参考
16.linguist n.语言学家→linguistics n.语言学
17.omit vt.省略→omission n.省略
18.accent n.口音
19.queue vi.排队(等候)
20.settler n.移民；定居者→settle vt.定居；安顿→settlement n.定居；解决→settled adj.不变的；稳定的→unsettled adj.不安的；未解决的
21.combination n.组合；结合；密码组合→combine vt.使结合；使联合
22.edition n.期；版→edit vt.编辑→editor n.编辑
23.satellite n.卫星
24.structure n.结构；体系
25.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的→simply adv.简单地；仅仅；不过
26.criticise vt.批评→criticism n.批评→critic n.批评家→critical adj.关键的；批评的
27.distinctive adj.与众不同的→distinct adj.有区别的；清晰的
28.look n.外观；外表；样子
29.have...in common (with)(和……)有……相同的特点
30.make a difference有影响，使不相同；关系重大，起作用
31.get around四处走动(旅行)
32.be similar to与……相似
33.lead to导致；引起
34.in favour of支持；同意
35.refer to...as...称……为……
36.thanks to多亏，幸亏
37.be known for因为……而著名
38.Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，it’s a torch.
美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人叫它torch。
39.A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
40.However，if you turn on CNN，the American TV network，you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents.
然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员操着不同的口音。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard (标准) for dining out.(2018·江苏)
2.This switch(转换) has decreased pollution in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3.Seeing the disaster，I have been worried about you and your family.I’m anxious to know your present(现在的) situation.
4.The obvious(明显的) cost is money；eating out once or twice a week may be affordable but doing this most days adds up.(2018·浙江)
5.Deng Xiaoping made his wellknown remark(讲话): “It does not matter whether they are black cats or white cats；so long as they catch mice，they are good cats.”
6.If you have a juicer，you can simply(simple) feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
7.There are huge numbers of reference books which I am often confused(confuse) to choose from.
(2018·江苏)
8.I helped them to see themselves differently(different)，and they built themselves into winners.
(2018·天津)
9.Working out in the morning provides additional(add) benefits beyond being physically fit.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
10.They discussed various(vary) matters all over the world.(2017·浙江)
11.Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly(rapid).
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
12.But now，with the combination(combine) of a better price point and a generally fresher product，they can stay in business.(2018·江苏)
13.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical(criticise) eye.(2018·北京)
14.After the announcement(announce) of the prize，he said he hoped his success could encourage the youths around the world，especially the Chinese.
15.The Chinese government has been seeking a peaceful settlement(settle) in order to further its relation with Japan.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
1.Thanks to the historic power of the British empire and the economic power of the United States，English came to be standard. However，it was an accident that 2.led to the fact that English is better than any other language. When we 3.refer to as standard English，which one do we mean? Is it British English，American English or Australian English? And we may also have difficulty in deciding what English we should teach.In Singapore，the Singapore government is 4.in favour of getting Singaporeans to speak standard English.
English is everywhere. What the Italian prime minister said 5.got around recently. He put English first.“For Italy to become part of the modern global world，it needs English，Internet and business.” It 6.is similar to the scene in Beijing，which 7.is known for its openingup policy and cooperative attitude.In South Korea，the teaching also 8.has something in common with other countries，where usually a nonnative speaker teaches another nonnative speaker—in English! That’s the future of the world.
In a word，the international cooperation really 9.makes a difference in the development of English.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Due to the increasingly serious pollution，some people are having difficulty (in) accessing safe drinking water.[have difficulty (in) doing sth.]
由于污染越来越严重，一些人很难接触到安全的饮用水。
2.I was never very neat，while my friend was completely organised.(while表对比)
我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的朋友却极有条理。
3.Arriving at the game，the famous actor found himself surrounded by a number of journalists.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
一到大门口，这个著名的演员发现自己被很多记者包围起来了。
1.“ist”表“……家”词汇搜索
(1)linguist n.语言学家
(2)scientist n.科学家
(3)physicist n.物理学家
(4)artist n.艺术家
(5)pianist n.钢琴家
(6)violinist n.小提琴家
2.“后缀ify”动词小结
(1)simplify 简化
(2)identify 确定；识别
(3)beautify 美化
(4)purify 净化
(5)terrify 使害怕
3.“in＋n.＋of”短语聚焦
(1)in favour of 支持；赞成
(2)in honour of 为了纪念
(3)in memory of 为了纪念
(4)in charge of 掌管
(5)in need of 需要
(6)in search of 搜寻
(1)confuse vt.使困惑；使迷惑；使为难
confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆
(2)confused adj.困惑的
be/get confused with/about对……感到困惑
(3)confusion n.困惑；糊涂；混淆
(1)I can’t see how anyone could confuse you with/and another!
(2)If you are confused(confuse) about anything，email me.
(3)For example，there are huge numbers of reference books which I am often confused to choose(choose) from.(2018·江苏)
(4)Confused(confuse) at the differences between her culture and theirs，Annie wanted to return home.(2018·北京西城区模拟)
(5)There is some confusion(confuse) about what the correct procedure should be.
(1)differ from不同于……；和……不同
differ in在……方面不同
differ with sb.on/about/over sth.在某事上和某人有分歧/异议
(2)difference n.不同之处
make a difference to...对……有影响/起作用
tell the difference between A and B 分清A和B
(3)different adj.不同的
be different from...in...在……方面与……不同
(1)Changing schools did make a difference to my life.
转学确实对我的生活产生了影响。
(2)[一句多译] 英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。
①British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(differ)
②British English is obviously different from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(different)
③There are obvious differences between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling.(difference)
(1)settle v.(使)定居；结束；解决；决定；确定；平静下来
settle down安顿下来；安静下来
settle down to开始专心做……(to是介词)
settle in/into(帮助……)在新居安顿下来；(帮助……)适应(新环境、新工作)
settle on/upon决定……；选定……
(2)settlement n.定居点；解决；移民；偿清
(1)Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution，the company eventually settled in/into Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
该公司成立于1905年革命后的莫斯科，最终于20世纪20年代末期在特拉维夫安顿下来。
(2)They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.
他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论一个重要的问题。
[句式升级]
(3)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed.
①With the problem settled，they were happy and relaxed.(用with复合结构改写)
②Because/As the problem was settled，they were happy and relaxed.(改为含有状语从句的复合句)
present adj.现存的，当前的；在场的，出席的
n.礼物；目前
v.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；授予；展示；呈现；主持
(1)be present at出席
(2)at present目前；现在
for the present目前；暂时
make sb.a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人
(3)present sth.to sb.(＝present sb.with sth.)向某人赠送某物
(1)We were present at the concert while Tom was absent from it.
我们参加了音乐会，但是汤姆缺席了。
(2)He liked my old typewriter so much，thus I presented it to him/presented him with it/made him a present of it.他很喜欢我的旧打字机，因此我把它送给了他。
[句式升级]
(3)Many teachers and parents were present at the meeting.(改为倒装句)
Present at the meeting were many teachers and parents.
易错点拨 present作前置定语时，意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。
(1)attempt to do...尝试(试图)做……
(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试做……
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj.未遂的
(1)In an attempt to encourage the students to do some reading and provide the students with more good books，our school is planning to hold the Reading Festival in the library next Friday.
(2)Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted(attempt) murder.
(3)I passed my driving test at the first attempt(第一次尝试).
(4)[同义句改写] They attempted to climb(climb) that hill.
→They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing that hill.
(1)in common共有；共用；共同
in common with与……一样
(2)common sense常识；情理
(3)It is common for sb.to do...某人做某事很平常。
(1)It is quite common for people to do things like this.
(2)For more than six million American children，coming home after school means coming home to an empty house.All of them have something in common(有共同之处).
(3)I must say，in common with(与……一样) Helen，that I strongly oppose the proposal.
(4)They had nothing in common(没有共同之处) with me.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
lead sb.to do...使某人做……
lead sb.to...带某人去……
lead to sb./sb.’s doing...导致某人做……
lead the way带路
lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
lead/live a(n)...life过……的生活
(1)The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s being caught(catch).
(2)[用lead短语的正确形式完成下面小片段]
With him ①leading the way(带路)，we got there without any difficulty.But for him，we would have been lost，which would ②lead to(导致) serious consequences.His action ③led us to believe(使我们相信) that he was our true friend.
A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yoker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
difficulty前可用some，any，no，little等词来修饰。表示“做某事有困难”还有如下结构：
have difficulty/trouble with sth.
have trouble/problems/a hard time (in) doing sth.
There’s difficulty/trouble
(1)Many teenagers have difficulty communicating(communicate) with their parents.
许多青少年和他们的父母交流有困难。
(2)Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently.每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，我们的老师总是耐心地帮助我们。
(3)You can’t imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing(deal) with the problems.
你想象不到我们处理这些问题时所遇到的困难。
(4)Tom had some trouble/difficulty (in) understanding some Chinese customs during the travel.
在这次旅行中，汤姆很难理解一些中国习俗。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently，compared(compare) to infrequent readers，have more books in the home.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2．The proposal attempts to deal(deal) with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semiautonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.(2017·天津)
3．Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled(settle) and fewer in number.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
4．The disease was spreading more rapidly(rapid) than expected.
5．As the ceremony was nearing the end，I suddenly heard the head coach announcing(announce)，“The highest honor goes to Cathy！”
6．Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference(different) in the world.(2017·北京)
7．One solution is obviously(obvious) to import foreign workers via immigration.(2017·江苏)
8．I was delighted at the presence(present) of such a student.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
9．One woman，Mrs Gilbert，presented Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.
10．Facing the new challenge，she is strongly against the improvement plan while her partners are in favour of it.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(语言学习)
1．得知你在努力尝试学习中文，并寻找提高口语的办法，我非常高兴。(way to do sth.)
2．我想向你提出一些如何提高中文口语的建议，肯定会非常有益。(which引导非限制性定语从句；be of＋抽象名词结构)
3．显然，与其他语言相比，中文有时候会令人迷惑，导致学习的过程中出现很多疑惑。(v.ing作结果状语)
4．因此，在汉语学习过程中，兴趣、决心和努力意义重大。(强调句型)
5．和朋友们用中文在线交流是一个好办法，这会让你迅速取得进步。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
6．尽管在学习过程中你可能会遇到一些困难，但是永远不要放弃练习。(have difficulty (in) doing sth.)
7．我坚信，你的努力一定会得到回报。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
I am more than delighted to know that 11.you are attempting to learn Chinese and seeking ways to improve your spoken Chinese.I would like to 12.present some advice on how to improve your spoken Chinese to you，13.which will surely be of benefit to you.14.Obviously，compared with other languages，Chinese 15.is more confusing，leading to a lot of confusion while learning.Therefore，in the process of learning Chinese,16.it is your interest，determination and hard work that will make a difference.In addition,17.communicating with friends online in Chinese is a good idea,18.which will make it easy for you to make rapid progress in your spoken Chinese.19.Most importantly，though you may have some difficulties (in) learning Chinese，never give up practising.20.I am fully convinced that your efforts will pay off.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
For the longest time，Amber Austwick was unable to speak.In fact，it took a donkey to inspire her first words.Amber，a 6yearold girl in Birmingham，England，was born prematurely，along with her twin sister，Hope，in June 2010.
Both babies suffered severe bleeding in their lungs，but Hope got stronger while Amber needed a lifesaving tracheotomy(气管切开术) that restricted air to vocal cords(声带)．As a result，she was able to breathe，but unable to speak.But that changed three years ago，when Amber’s mom，Tracy Austwick，took her to an animal shelter.It was there that Amber met Shocks，a donkey that had been rescued from abuse.
“It was quite scary really，”Tracy Austwick said.“Shocks was in the stadium and the riding instructor took little Amber to him and I found it scary for me because Shocks was so much bigger than her.”“But Amber wasn’t scared and Shocks was really excited to meet her and they’ve kept that bond ever since.”The bond is so strong that when Amber was ready to say her first words，she said them to Shocks：“I love you.”
Amber’s mother was shocked that her daughter spoke to Shocks.“It was such an emotional moment.I couldn’t believe my daughter had finally found her voice，”she said.“Once she met Shocks who brought her out of her shell，she’s a lot more confident with him and with friends at school who she loves to talk to about him and the donkey shelter.”
Although Shocks still lives at the shelter，he’s part of the Austwick family.“Amber will always visit Shocks and she still sees him whenever she can，” Tracy said.
语篇解读 这是一篇人物故事。六岁的安伯从小肺部有严重问题，经过手术，她可以呼吸了，但是不能说话。三年前，安伯的母亲带她到一个动物收容所去。在那儿，安伯遇见了一头名叫Shocks的驴子。结果，安伯说出了她一生中的前三个字：I Love You.从此以后，安伯变得越来越有自信了。
21．What do the twin sisters have in common?
A．They were born deaf and dumb.
B．They had vocal cord injured.
C．They suffered physical abuse.
D．They had severe lung problems.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Both babies suffered severe bleeding in their lungs”可知，她们的肺部流血严重。故选D项。
22．The bond with Shocks made Amber .
A．like going to the donkey shelter with her good friends
B．fear animals no longer and dare to get close to them
C．become more confident and willing to talk to people
D．fight against her lung disease bravely
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第三段中的“The bond is so strong that when Amber was ready to say her first words，she said them to Shocks：‘I love you.’”和第四段中的“Once she met Shocks who brought her out of her shell，she’s a lot more confident with him and with friends at school who she loves to talk to about him and the donkey shelter.”可推知，与Shocks的相识使得安伯在学校里变得更加自信，更愿意与人交谈了，故选C项。
23．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Shocks Helps Amber to Recover from Her Lung Bleeding
B．A New Medical Cure Is Applied to Rescue the Patients
C．Amber Has Developed a Strong Bond with Her Friends
D．Girl Who Couldn’t Speak Tells A Donkey “I Love You”
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了因肺部流血而不能说话的小女孩安伯在与一头名叫Shocks的驴相识后说出了她一生中的前三个字：I Love You.从此以后，安伯变得越来越有自信。故D选项作本文标题最佳。
话题：兴趣与爱好 难度星级：☆☆
As years went by，I realized that one of the biggest problems of these adults was worry.A large majority of students were businessmen，executives，salesmen，engineers，accountants：a cross section of all the trades and professions—and most of them had problems！There were women in the classes—businesswomen and housewives.They，too，had problems！Clearly，what I needed was a textbook on how to conquer worry—so again I tried to find one.
I went to New York’s great public library at Fifth Avenue and Fortysecond Street and discovered，to my astonishment，that this library had only twentytwo books listed under the title WORRY.I also noticed，to my amusement，that it had one hundred and eightynine books listed under WORMS.Almost nine times as many books about worms as about worry! Surprising，isn’t it？Since worry is one of the biggest problems facing mankind，you would think，wouldn’t you，that every high school and college would give a course on “How to Stop Worrying”？
Yet，is there even one course on that subject in any college in the land？I have never heard of it.No wonder David Seabury said in his book How to Worry Successfully：“We grow up with as little preparation for the pressures of experience as a bookworm asked to do a ballet (芭蕾舞)．”
The result？More than half of our hospital beds are occupied by people with nervous and emotional troubles.
I looked over those twentytwo books on worry，reposing(靠) on the shelves of the New York Public Library.In addition，I purchased all the books on worry I could find；yet I couldn’t discover even one that I could use as a textbook in my course for adults.So I decided to write one by myself.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作者从他的学生们的现状中意识到成年人最大的问题之一就是焦虑。作者去纽约最大的公共图书馆寻找他教学用的书，但没有找到。于是，作者决定自己写一本关于焦虑的书。
24．What made the writer realize one of the adults’ biggest problems?
A．His wide reading.
B．His practical survey.
C．His scientific research.
D．His students’ real situation.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。答案定位在第一段第二、三、四句“A large majority of students were businessmen，executives，salesmen，engineers，accountants：a cross section of all the trades and professions—and most of them had problems! There were women in the classes—businesswomen and housewives.They，too，had problems！”由此可知，作者从他的学生们的现状中意识到成年人最大的问题之一就是焦虑。故选D。
25．What do David Seabury’s words in Paragraph 3 show?
A．Worry is extremely common.
B．We lack knowledge of worry.
C．We show no interest in worry.
D．Worry can hardly be controlled.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中David Seabury在他的书中说的“如同一个书呆子去跳芭蕾舞一样，我们在对压力毫无准备的情况下不断成长”可推断出他的话表明，我们缺乏关于焦虑的知识。故选B。
26．The writer wrote the passage to .
A．show us how to conquer worry
B．warn us of the possible danger of worry
C．persuade us to get rid of worry
D．explain why he wanted to write a book on worry
答案 D
解析 写作目的题。答案定位在最后一段，作者在图书馆找不到现成的教材，所以决定自己写一本，所以作者写这篇文章是为了解释他写一本关于焦虑内容的书的原因。故选D。
话题：世界与环境 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels，but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float.
An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100，the UN’s climate change experts have warned.
President Mohamed Nasheed has declared a fight for survival，and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study suggestions for a floating structure that could support a conference centre，homes and an 18hole golf course.
The company，Dutch Docklands，is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai.Its website said it undertook projects that make “land from water by providing largescale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”．
The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.The city，which has a population of 100,000，is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30milliondollar sea wall，and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to fight climate change.
Nasheed，who held the world’s first underwater cabinet (内阁) meeting in October to highlight his people’s serious and difficult situation，has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completely covered.
He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral (碳中和)” by 2020.His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks.
语篇解读 本文叙述了马尔代夫人民面对海平面的上升不得不考虑如何应对被淹没的可能。近年来该国陆续采取了一些措施来应对这一问题。
27．According to the passage，the Maldives is a country .
A．that is made up of many small islands
B．which has been covered by water now
C．where people live in underwater houses
D．whose people live in their floating homes
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100.”可知马尔代夫由很多小岛组成，故选A。
28．Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands for his plan probably because it .
A．has a good fame throughout the world
B．charges much less than other companies
C．has experience in building floating structures
D．supports building floating structures in the world
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Its website said it undertook projects that make ‘land from water by providing largescale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land’．”可知这家公司的网站上显示他们曾经承担过在水上建造建筑物的任务，所以选择这家公司。
29．The Hulhumale was built for the purpose of .
A．attracting more visitors
B．making it a new capital
C．fighting against climate change
D．making the capital less crowded
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.”可知目的是为了减轻拥堵。
30．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To promote the idea of lowcarbon living style.
B．To tell people that the Maldives is disappearing soon.
C．To discuss the causes why the Maldives faces extinction.
D．To introduce the efforts taken by Maldivians to fight for life.
答案 D
解析 写作目的题。通读全文可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了介绍马尔代夫为解决因海平面上升而威胁人类生存问题所采取的措施。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2019·浙江“五校联考”第一次考试)
Stress occurs when you feel that demands placed on you—such as work，school or relationships—are beyond your ability. 31 However，untreated longterm stress can result in serious health conditions including anxiety，insomnia，muscle pain，high blood pressure and a weakened immune system. 32 Everyone is different，so are the ways they choose to manage their stress.Some people prefer pursuing hobbies such as gardening，playing music and creating art，while others find relief in more solitary (独自的) activities：meditation，yoga and walking. 33
Do some exercise.The research keeps growing exercise benefits your mind just as well as your body.We keep hearing about the longterm benefits of a regular exercise routine.But even a 20minute walk，run，swim or dance session in the midst of a stressful time can give an immediate effect that can last for several hours.
34 It may seem difficult to get away from a big work project，a crying baby or a growing credit card bill.But when you give yourself permission to step away from it，you let yourself have time to do something else，which can help you have a new perspective or practice techniques to feel less overwhelmed.It’s important not to avoid your stress(those bills have to be paid sometime)，but even just 20 minutes to take care of yourself is helpful.
Smile and laugh.Our brains are interconnected with our emotions and facial expressions.When people are stressed，they often hold a lot of the stress in their faces.So laughs or smiles can help relieve some of that tension and improve the situation.
Try meditation.Meditation and mindful prayer help the mind and body to relax and focus.Mindfulness can help people see new perspectives，develop selfcompassion and forgiveness. 35 Much like exercise，research has shown that even meditating briefly can bring immediate benefits.
A．Take a break from the stressor.
B．Get some social support from whatever sources you can access.
C．Too much stress can affect body systems and cause mental problems.
D．Here are four healthy techniques that may help reduce stress in the short and long term.
E．But by finding positive，healthy ways，many of these negative health consequences can be reduced.
F．When practicing mindfulness，people can release emotions contributing to the body physical stress.
G．Some stress can be beneficial at times，producing a boost that helps people get through tough situations.
答案 31.G 32.E 33.D 34.A 35.F
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2019·福建东山二中模拟)
Many language learners think their pronunciation is good enough because their teacher doesn’t correct them too often or because other students can 36 them.
Pronunciation is the area which is 37 the least attention to in language learning.Most teachers 38 just let their students speak and stop them 39 they say something completely wrong.Working on each student’s pronunciation in class is just 40 .Also，the students who are 41 at pronunciation may be afraid that it will embarrass their classmates if they help 42 their mistakes.
If you believe your pronunciation is good enough to 43 because it is good enough for your teacher and other students，you may be 44 when you actually go to a foreign country.One of my friends was the best student in his 45 class in Poland.When he went to America，he found Americans didn’t understand 46 of what he said.
Your pronunciation may still be quite 47 that of a native speaker.If this is the 48 ，other people will find it 49 to understand what you’re saying and will not be comfortable with you.
50 ，don’t think you can communicate in a foreign language 51 you’ve tested your skills on real native speakers. 52 for native or nearnative pronunciation so that people you talk to can communicate with you 53 .In order to achieve this goal，there’s 54 that you will need to start thinking about pronunciation and 55 time on it.
语篇解读 本文讲述了在英语教学中，人们对发音的忽视导致很多人都不能用英语和以英语为母语的人进行流畅的交流，并呼吁改善这种情况。
36．A.mistake B．watch
C．surround D．understand
答案 D
解析 mistake弄错；watch观看；surround包围；understand明白，理解。因为老师很少纠正他们，而且其他同学都能理解，他们就认为自己的英语发音很好。故选D。
37．A.fixed B．drawn
C．paid D．called
答案 C
解析 pay attention to...注意……。本句是被动语态，在语言学习中，发音是最不被注意的。故选C。
38．A.never B．ever
C．even D．usually
答案 D
解析 never从来没有；ever曾经；even甚至；usually通常。通常大部分老师只是让学生讲英语。故选D。
39．A.only if B．if only
C．even if D．if ever
答案 A
解析 only if只有；if only但愿；even if即使；if ever如果有过的话。只有当学生完全错误的时候，老师才会纠正他们的错误。故选A。
40．A.fantastic B．impossible
C．necessary D．important
答案 B
解析 fantastic奇异的；impossible不可能的；necessary必要的；important重要的。课堂上纠正每个学生的发音是不可能的事情。故选B。
41．A.poor B．well
C．good D．strict
答案 C
解析 be good at...擅长……。故选C。
42．A.find out B．work out
C．try out D．point out
答案 D
解析 find out找出，查明；work out算出，制定出；try out试验；point out指出。擅长发音的同学担心如果他们指出同学的错误会让同学感觉很尴尬。故选D。
43．A.communicate B．travel
C．pronounce D．exchange
答案 A
解析 communicate交流；travel旅行；pronounce发音；exchange交换。如果你认为你的发音很好足以进行交流，当你真正在国外的时候，你可能会感到惊讶。故选A。
44．A.happy B．disappointed
C．surprised D．excited
答案 C
解析 happy高兴的；disappointed感到失望的；surprised感到吃惊的；excited感到兴奋的。但是当你真正在国外的时候，你可能会很惊讶。故选C。
45．A.Polish B．French
C．German D．English
答案 D
解析 Polish波兰语；French法语；German德语；English英语。这里指这位波兰朋友的英语是他们班上最好的。故选D。
46．A.none B．half
C．rest D．lot
答案 B
解析 他发现美国人连他说的话的一半都听不懂。故选B。
47．A.near to B．different from
C．far from D．from far
答案 C
解析 near to接近……的；different from不同于……的；far from远非；from far从远处。你的发音远远不如以英语为母语的人。故选C。
48．A.same B．matter
C．case D．fact
答案 C
解析 如果这就是实际情况，那么别人会发现和你交流很困难。故选C。
49．A.easy B．beneficial
C．convenient D．hard
答案 D
解析 easy容易的；beneficial有益的；convenient方便的；hard困难的。句意见上题解析。故选D。
50．A.In conclusion B．In other words
C．On the contrary D．In total
答案 A
解析 in conclusion最后，总之；in other words换言之；on the contrary正相反；in total总计。总之，直到你通过本地人检测你的语言技能后你才能认为你能用外语交流。故选A。
51．A.when B．until
C．as D．while
答案 B
解析 not...until...直到……才……。句意见上题解析。故选B。
52．A.Stand B．Look
C．Aim D．Account
答案 C
解析 aim for以……为目标。以本地人或者接近本地人的发音为目标。故选C。
53．A.smoothly B．difficultly
C．truly D．practically
答案 A
解析 smoothly流畅地；difficultly困难地；truly真正地；practically实际地。以便人们可以和你流畅地交流。故选A。
54．A.no way B．no need
C．no doubt D．no wonder
答案 C
解析 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……。故选C。
55．A.take B．cost
C．spend D．kill
答案 C
解析 spend...on...在……花费时间。你需要考虑在发音上多花点时间。故选C。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Since I was first in China，my life，and China itself，have developed and changed a lot.I came here in 2012 56. (travel) and visit a friend.I had a fantastic time 57. (explore) beautiful places in Beijing，Shanghai，Sichuan and Hong Kong within 5 weeks.Then，with the taste of China in my mouth，I 58. (return) to Beijing as an exchange student in 2014，59. I fell in love with this city.Despite the pollution and people everywhere，what I saw in Beijing was a city 60. (constant) on the move and developing at a pace so unknown to me，a man from a small and sleepy 61. (Australia) city.
China today is a country rich 62. ancient knowledge and custom，yet one that is also bursting with 63. (create)．Although some things，like the delicious dumplings across China，suggest that they will always stay 64. same，other things are changing at a pace beyond imagination.I’m sure，as 65. (I) life continues here in Beijing，I will be swept over by the next new convenience of life that China’s rapid development is bringing out.
56．答案 to travel
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：2012年我来这里是为了旅游和看望一个朋友。表示“目的”时要用动词不定式，故填to travel。
57．答案 exploring
解析 考查非谓语动词。have a good/fantastic time doing sth.做某事很开心。故填exploring。
58．答案 returned
解析 考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语是in 2014，所以要用一般过去时。故填returned。
59．答案 when/and
解析 考查定语从句的引导词或连词。分析句子结构可知，此处可以是定语从句的引导词，先行词是2014，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when；上一句提到作者2014年重新回到北京，设空处后面提到作者喜欢上了这座城市，两个句子之间也可以是时间的顺承关系，故也可以填并列连词and。
60．答案 constantly
解析 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰后面的介词短语on the move和非谓语动词developing，所以要用副词。故填constantly。
61．答案 Australian
解析 考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词city，应用形容词；根据句意可知，此处指“澳大利亚的”，故填Australian。
62．答案 in
解析 考查介词。be rich in...为固定搭配，意为“在……方面丰富”，此处是形容词短语rich in ancient knowledge and custom作后置定语修饰a country。故填in。
63．答案 creativity
解析 考查词性转换。介词with后面应跟名词，动词create意为“创造”，名词creativity意为“创造力”。故填creativity。
64．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。same常和定冠词连用，stay the same保持不变。故填the。
65．答案 my
解析 考查代词。life是名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，故填my。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，下晚自习回家途中不小心被电动车撞倒，你校的外籍交换生Jack第一时间给予了帮助。请你给Jack写封信表示感谢。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Jack，
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude for your timely help when I was involved in that terrible accident.
After selfstudy class at night，when walking down the road，I was knocked down by an electric motor car.Before I saw the rider’s face，he had already run away.It was so dark that nobody noticed me.Luckily，you were just passing by，taking me to the nearest hospital immediately.Now I’m getting better.
I’d like to treat you to show my appreciation this Sunday.Looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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