必修第三册Lesson 1 Active Learning备课课件ppt

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这是一份必修第三册Lesson 1 Active Learning备课课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了双基夯实·课前排查，学习目标，核心突破·要点讲解，开放课堂·自修自读，夯实基础·一遍落实等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Part Ⅱ　Lesson 1　Active Learning
双基夯实·课前排查
核心突破·要点讲解
开放课堂·自修自读
夯实基础·一遍落实
双基夯实·课前排查
学习目标
单词巧练　写准记牢Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________v. 接受2．________adj. 不大可能的3．________vi. 存在；实际上有4．________v. 支持，支撑；供养5．________v. 增加，增长6．___________n. 时机；机会7．________v. 忽视；置之不理8．________n. 印象；感想
accept　
unlikely　
exist　
support　
increase
opportunity
ignore　
impression　
9．________vi. & vt. 仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映10．________vi. 争论，争吵11．________vt. 认为；假定；假设12．________n. 行为，举止13．________n. 位置；方位；职位14．________vt. 控制15．________v. 促进，提升16．________v. 完成；达到，实现
reflect　
argue　
assume　
behaviour
position　
control　
promote　
achieve
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon—________ (假设) that the others agree.2．They are always ________ (争吵) with each other about money.3．The project seemed ________ (不大可能的) to succeed.4．Without the impressionists, many of these painting styles might not ________ (存在).5．My first ________ (印象) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
assuming　
arguing　
unlikely　
exist　
impression
6．When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that r________ my interest.7．To p________ the friendship between our two schools, our school has appealed to the students to donate books to your Chinese class.8．It is ridiculous for them to a________ to take possession of the moon.9．True friendship should be b________ on mutual understanding, not on mutual benefits.10．Successful people are always very intelligent. They can discover what others easily i________．
reflected　
promote　
attempt　
based　
ignore
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词1．assume vt.认为；假定，假设(教材P52)Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动”运行的，这是说大脑能自动学习。[合作探究]体会assume的用法和意义I assume him to be the cleverest boy in this class.我认为他是这个班最聪明的学生。It is assumed that stress is caused by too much work.一般认为，压力是过重工作所致。Assuming that you are right, we'll make a great deal of money from the project.假定你是正确的，那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。
[用法归纳]assume＋sb./sth. (＋to be)＋adj. 以为……是……；假定/假设某人/某事为……assume that... 认为……，假定……Assuming (that)... 假定……(常作独立成分)Let's assume (that)... 让我们假设……It is assumed that... (人们)认为……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①I didn't see your car, so I ________ (assume) you'd gone out.②We all made the ________ (assume) that the company would be closed due to his wrong decision.③I ___________ (认为，假定) you had gone out because nobody answered the door.④Many people __________________ (认为，假定) that poverty only exists in the third world.⑤____________ (让我们假定) the aliens to be short.⑥_______________ (假定) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money?
assumed　
assumption　
assumed that
make the/an assumption
Let's assume
Assuming that
词语拓展：assuming conj.假设……为真，假设assumption n．假定，假设make an assumption 作出假设，认为on the assumption that...假定……
词语用法小结： suppose(1)suppose sb./sth.＋adj./n.认为某人/物是……I supposed him a young man.我原以为他是个年轻人。(2)suppose sb./sth. to be/to do...I supposed the girl to be a teacher.我原以为这女孩是位老师。(3)suppose that...I suppose she is right.我想她是对的。(4)I don't suppose (that)...I don't suppose that the housing prices will go up.我认为房价不会上涨了。(5)what/when/where do you suppose...?Where do you suppose we should go？你认为我们应该去哪里？
(6)suppose/supposing (that)...假定，假设……Suppose you have one million dollars, what would you do？假设你有100万美元，你会做什么？Supposing he is late, who will do the work？如果/假如他迟到，谁来做这项工作？(7)(be) supposed to be/do sth.[表示预期]应该；被认为The meeting is supposed to take place tomorrow.会议应该在明天召开。You are not supposed to smoke here.你不应该在这儿吸烟。He is supposed to be the best director in China.他被认为是中国最好的导演。
(8)I suppose so[表示不确定或不情愿]我想是的。好吧。I suppose not[用以表示同意否定性的问句]不，我认为不是。如：①—Will it rain tomorrow？明天会下雨吗？—I suppose so.我想会的。②—Can I borrow your mobile phone？我能借你的手机吗？—I suppose so.我想可以/好吧。③—The movie isn't good, is it？这部电影不好，对吗？—I suppose not.我也认为不好。
2．reflect v．(1)仔细思考　(2)表达意见　(3)反映　(4)反射(声、光、热等)(教材P52)．..to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.……积极参与学习过程并反思我们所学到的东西。[合作探究]体会reflect的用法和意义You should set aside some time to reflect on your successes and failures.你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。The monster's awful face was reflected in the mirror.这个怪物可怕的脸映在了镜子中。The light is reflected from the moon.光从月球反射而来。
[用法归纳]reflect on/upon 思考；反思reflect deeply 深刻反思reflect seriously 认真思索reflect from the water 由水里反射出reflect in the lake 在湖里映出reflect back 反射回来reflect the reality 反映现实be reflected in... 倒映在……；反映在……reflection n. [C]映像；反映[U]反映[C，U]深思，仔细考虑，想法
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Sean's strong love for his country ________ (reflect) in his recently published poems.②We should reflect ____ the likely reactions of the market before we act.③Usually a child's behaviour is a ________ (reflect) of his family environment.④In my view, the manager had enough time ________ (反思) his failure.⑤When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that __________________ (反映我的兴趣).
is reflected
on　
reflection　
to reflect on
reflected my interest
3．argue v．争论，争吵(教材P52)Argue with your inner voice与你内心的声音争论[合作探究]体会argue的用法和意义I argued with my teacher today.今天我和老师争吵了。But there are many people who argue for changing their jobs, they argue that change means progress.但是许多人赞成换工作，他们辩解说改变就意味着进步。It is very difficult to argue against its use.想要反对使用它是十分困难的。The boy argued with his teacher about/over his homework.那个男孩因为作业与老师争执了起来。You can't argue him into joining us.你不能说服他加入我们。
[用法归纳](1)argue with sb. about/over sth.(＝have an argument with sb. about/over sth.) 因某事与某人争吵/与某人争论某事argue for 主张……，据理力争……argue against 反对……；与……争辩argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做某事/不做某事argue that... 主张/认为……(2)argument n. 争吵；争论；辩论；论据，理由，论点get into an argument with sb. 与某人争论/争吵起来an argument for/against... 支持/反对……的论据/理由beyond argument 无可辩解settle an argument 解决争端
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Do you ever argue _____ your family ________ which TV programme to watch?②I got into an ________ (argue) with a friend yesterday.③We _____________________ (与……争吵) the waiter about the bill.④They ___________ (据理力争) the right to strike but failed.
with　
about/over
argument
had an argument with
argued for
词语发散：(1)argue sb. into doing sth.说服某做某事＝persuade sb. to do sth.＝persuade sb. into doing sth.(2)argue sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事＝persuade sb. not to do sth.＝persuade sb. out of doing sth.(3)persuade to do sth.劝说某人做某事＝advise sb. to do sth.　　　　
4.flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的(教材P53)Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.灵活处理你的意见，毕竟你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。[用法归纳]flexible working hours 弹性的工作时间a flexible schedule 一份灵活的计划表flexibility n. 柔韧性；灵活性inflexible adj. 不可变通的，不灵活的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①You need to be __________ (flexible) and imaginative in your approach than before.②The jumping events require speed, spring, and __________ (flexible).③Our plans need to _______________ (足够变通) to cater for the needs of everyone.
more flexible
flexibility　
be flexible enough
构词知识：ible和able是形容词后缀，意为“可……的”，“易……的”如：(1)acceptable可接受的adjustable可调整的considerable可观的(2)accessible易接近的admissible可接纳的comprehensible易理解的
5.promote vt.促进，增进(教材P53)Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。[用法归纳]promote sb. to sth. 提升某人担任某职务be promoted to 被提升为……promote sb. from...to... 将某人从……升职到……get promoted 获得升职promotion n. 升职；提升a chance for promotion 晋升的机会promote sth. as... 把某物推广为……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①The aim of the conference is ________ (promote) international friendship.②Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid ________ (promote), and ended up as a manager.③He has ______________ (被提升为) general manager.④He will not give up any chance ______________ (升职).
to promote
promotion　
been promoted to
to get promoted
典型例证：1．The president's visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.总统的访问将促进两国间的合作。2．She was promoted to CEO of the company from the present position.她被从现职位提升为公司首席执行官。3．The company is promoting its new car on TV.这家公司正在电视上推广它的新汽车。
6.attempt n. & vt.努力，尝试，企图(教材P53)They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。[用法归纳]attempt sth. 尝试某事attempt to do sth. 企图做某事；努力做某事make an/no attempt to do/at doing 尝试做……/不尝试做……in an attempt to do 为了做……/试图……at the first attempt 第一次尝试attempt to do 尝试/试图做……attempted adj. 未遂的，企图的(置于名词前作定语)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①The team made an attempt _____ climbing the mountain and finally succeeded.②A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ (attempt) murder last night.③I failed in my ____________________ (试图说服她).④I would be the last __________________ (尝试回答) the question.
at　
attempted　
attempt to persuade her
to attempt to answer
典型例证：1．He made an attempt at a joke/joking．他试图开个玩笑。2．The first attempt to climb Mount Everest failed.第一次攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试失败。3．We attempted an attack by night.我们试图夜袭。4．We attempted to break through the lines of the enemy.我们企图突破敌人的封锁线。
7.unlikely adj.不可能的(教材P53)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.即使某个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。[用法归纳]be unlikely to do sth. 不可能做某事It is unlikely that... 不可能……be likely to do sth. 可能做某事It is likely that... 可能……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①During the daytime, the frightening creature is unlikely ________ (appear) on the surface of the lake.②____ is unlikely that they'll turn up now—it's nearly ten o'clock.③_______________ (不可能……) she was on the spot. She was with me then.④I thought they __________________ (不可能赢) the match, but I was wrong.
to appear
It　
It is unlikely that
were unlikely to win
易错提醒：likely, probable, possible的用法固定句型①Sb. is likely to do sth.②It is likely/probable/possible that sb. does sth.注意：不可用sb. is probable/possible to do sth.形式，只可用sb. is likely to do sth.形式或句型②形式
8.exist vi.存在；实际上有(教材P53)So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this.因此，如果有人说现在还有恐龙，那就想一下他们为什么会相信这一种观点。[用法归纳]exist on 靠……生存/生活exist in 存在于……中There exists/existed... 某地有……；存在……existence n. 存在；生存come into existence/being 开始存在；产生；成立existing adj. 目前的，现存的(只用于名词前)in existence 现存的；现有的live/lead a happy/miserable existence 过着幸福/凄惨的生活
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①They can't exist _____ the money he's earning.②In ancient times, people who _______ (exist) in the wild lived a hard life.③There exists a good way to solve the ________ (exist) problem in geography.④It is reported that this substance came into ________ (exist) about 100 million years ago.⑤Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth ______________________ (产生).⑥____________ (存在) a problem nowadays that many young people don't want to live with their parents.⑦They led a miserable ________ (exist) miles from the nearest town.⑧It is the best known old temple in ________ (exist) in the area.
on　
existed　
existing　
existence　
came into existence/being
There exists
existence　
existence
易错提示：exist只用作不及物动词，因此不用于被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。典型例证：1．He believes that life exists on other planets.他相信其他星球上存在生命。2．Fish can only exist in water and cannot survive out of water.鱼只能在水里生存，离开水则无法生存。3．With the ocean pollution more and more serious, the existing ocean life is facing a great danger.由于海洋污染越来越严重，现存的海洋生物正面临着极大的危险。4．The earth came into existence about five thousand million years ago.地球是在约五十亿年前形成的。5．Dinosaurs are no longer in existence．恐龙已经不存在了。
9．ignore vt.忽视；置之不理(教材P53)They refuse to learn or ignore what is said...他们拒绝学习或者忽视所说的内容……[用法归纳]ignore the difference 忽视差异ignore one's advice/warning 不理会某人的建议/警告ignore personal danger 不顾个人安危ignore the fact that... 忽略……的事实be ignorant of... 不知道……out of/through ignorance 出于无知keep sb. in ignorance 不让某人知道
[即学即练]　翻译句子①我们不能不考虑他们的劝告。_________________________________②你不能忽视中国越来越强大的事实。_______________________________________________________
We can't afford to ignore their advice.
You can't ignore the fact that China is becoming stronger and stronger.
10.impression n．印象；感想(教材P53)Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。[合作探究]体会impression的用法和意义The experience left/made an unforgettable impression on me, which is of great significance to my growth.那次经历给我留下了难以忘怀的印象，对我的成长有很大的意义。I have a very good impression of him from the first.他一开始就给我留下了很好的印象。I was under the impression that we would have a good holiday, but it has been raining these days.我原以为我们会有一个愉快的假期，但是近来老是下雨。
[用法归纳](1)leave/make a(n)...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象have/get the impressionbe under the impression that... 原以为……；(通常指)误认为……at the first impression 第一印象(2)impress vt. 给……留下深刻印象impress sb. with sth. 某事/物给某人留下深刻印象be impressed with/by 对……印象深刻impress sth. on sb. 使某人了解/意识到……(3)impressive adj. 令人钦佩的，令人赞叹的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①My first ________ (impress) of her was that she was an enthusiastic woman.②The film is so ________ (impress) that we can't help crying.③I __________________ (对……印象深刻) her serious attitude to academic research when reading an article yesterday.④The first time I saw him, his sense of humour ________________________ (给……留下深刻的印象) me.⑤He _______________________ (误认为) they had become friends.
impression　
impressive　
was impressed by/with
left/made a deep impression on
was under the impression that
典型例证：1．Her English impressed me.她的英语让我钦佩。2．He impressed me with his knowledge．＝I was impressed by/with his knowledge.他的知识让我钦佩/给我留下深刻印象。3．We were all impressed by/with his enthusiasm.我们都被他的热情打动了。/他的热情给我们留下深刻印象。4．She made a good first impression on me.她给我留下的第一印象很好。5．Her speech left/made a deep impression on us.他的演讲给我们留下了深刻印象。6．His speech was very impressive．他的演讲非常出色/令人钦佩。
►第二版块：重点短语1．suggest doing sth.建议做某事(教材P52)I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.为了积极主动地学习，我建议做五件事。[用法归纳](1)suggest doing sth. (＝advise doing sth.) 建议做某事suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人(应该)做某事(2)It is suggested that sb. (should) do sth. 人们建议某人(应该)做某事(3)make/offer/give a suggestion 提建议put forward a suggestion 提建议ask for one's suggestion 征求某人的建议reject/adopt/accept one's suggestion 拒绝/采纳/接受某人的建议
[即学即练]　完成句子/单句语法填空①Tracey ________________(建议碰面) for a drink after work.②Mary __________________ (拒绝了他的建议) that they keep in touch with each other after the breakup.③His pale face suggested (that) he ______ (be) ill and the teacher suggested that he _____________ (send) to the hospital at once.④The evidence suggests that single fathers ____ (be) more likely to work than single mothers.⑤When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers practical ________ __ (suggest).⑥The committee rejected the suggestion that houses ____________ (build) on this site.
suggested meeting
rejected his suggestion
was　
are　
suggestions　
(should) be sent
(should) be built
教师点拨：●suggest和suggestion表示“建议，提议”时，其后的名词性从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语的形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。●当suggest意为“表明，暗示”时，后面的名词性从句不使用虚拟语气。典型例证：1．He suggested that we (should) go swimming.他建议我们去游泳。2．It is suggested that we should do more exercise.有人建议我们多锻炼身体。3．I suggest your/you going shopping right now.我建议你们现在就去购物。4．Statistics suggest that more and more people use mobile phones to go online.数据表明越来越多的人用手机上网。
2．end up doing sth.以做某事而告终(教材P53)Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.灵活处理你的意见，毕竟你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。[用法归纳]end up with 以……结束(后接表具体事物的名词)end up in 以……结束(后接表抽象概念的名词及地点名词)end up as 最终成为……(后接表职位或身份的名词)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①The conference ended up ________ (sign) no agreement.②If you go on like this, you'll end up ___ prison.③He started out to study French, but end up _____ an English translator.④At first they disliked each other, but they _____________________ (最终结婚) after going through a lot together.⑤If he carries on driving like that, he'll __________ (总有一天会把命丢掉).
signing　
in　
as　
ended up getting married
end up dead
知识拓展：bring sth. to an end使某事结束put/bring an end to sth.结束某事come to an end结束in the end最后，终于make (both) ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出at the end of...在……尽头；在……末端by the end of...到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
3．work out弄懂某事物；计算出(教材P53)The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.答案将引导你进一步学习，探究问题的过程将有助于你更好地理解该主题。[用法归纳]work out一词多义：(1)理解，弄明白，解决(2)计算出；计算(3)锻炼身体；做运动(尤指在户外)(＝exercise)(4)成功发展(不及物动词短语)；产生结果(5)想出，制订出，产生
[即学即练]　完成句子/猜测词义①If you want to keep fit, you can ___________ (锻炼) in a gym regularly.②Teachers are supposed to teach teenagers ________________ (如何解决) the psychological problems.③He got his first book published. It ____________ (结果) to be a bestseller.④If one wants to keep fit, he should work__out instead of taking certain pills.________⑤We'd better discuss everything in detail before we work__out the plan.________⑥Things have worked__out quite well for us.________⑦I couldn't work__out where the music was coming from.________⑧I'm just trying to work__out how much I spend each month.________
work out
how to work out
turned out
锻炼，运动
制订出
产生结果
弄明白
计算
知识拓展：work on sth.致力于work on sb努力说服(使某人答应或做某事)turn out结果是break out爆发carry out执行，实践make out理解，弄清楚give out放出；用完；耗尽run out用完，耗尽
4.in short总而言之；简单地说(教材P53)In short: Do not stop being curious.简而言之：一定要始终保持好奇心。[用法归纳]be short for 为……的缩写/简称be short of 缺乏；不足for short 作为简称in the short term 在短期内in the long term 从长远来看
[即学即练]　完成句子①________ (简单地说), I will do my best to help make the sports meeting a success.②He _________ (缺乏) funds right now.③UN ___________ (为……的缩写) United Nations.
In short
is short of
is short for
典型例证：1．US is short for the United States.US是United States的缩写。2．She is short of selfconfidence.(＝She lacks selfconfidence.)她缺乏自信。3．I'm a little short of money.我有点缺钱。4．We use China for short of the People's Republic of China.我们用中国作为中华人民共和国的简称。
5．be based on以……为根据(教材P53)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.即使某个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。[合作探究]Edison based his ideas on scientific experiment.爱迪生的想法是建立在科学实验的基础上的。The report is based entirely on facts.这篇报道完全以事实为根据。The camp was located at the base of the mountain.那个营地位于那座山脚下。
[用法归纳](1)base vt. 以……为根据/基地n. 基部；基础；基地；总部base...on/upon... 使……以……为根据at the base of... 在……底部the air base 空军基地be based on/upon... 以……为基础/根据(2)basis n. 基础；根据；基点on the basis of 在某事的基础上；根据某事on a regular basis 定期地，经常地on a daily basis 每天(3)basic adj. 基本的，基础的；初级的；必需的basically adv. 基本上；从根本上说
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①One should always base his opinions ____ facts.②They settled down ___ the base of the mountain.③The research group produced two reports _______ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.④Critics say these programmes are ________ (basic) bad television, but people watch them.⑤His first book to be published next month ___________ (以……为基础) a true story.⑥_______________________ (根据……做重要决定) more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.⑦__________ (基于) a true story, the movie moved a large audience.
on　
at　
based　
basically　
is based on
Basing an important decision
Based on
易混词语辨析：base, basis, foundation这三个词均有基础或根据的意思。base和foundation通常指实物的基础结构，而basis不能指实物的基础结构。如：①the base of a lamp落地灯的底座②the foundation of a building一座建筑物的地基③The story has no basis in fact.这个故事没有事实依据。foundation还可以指某种稳定长久的东西。如：A good education gives us a good foundation for our future lives.良好的教育为我们的未来打下良好的基础。
6.cannot help doing sth.情不自禁做某事(教材P53)It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.我们情不自禁地讨厌起一些人来，这是真的——毕竟这是人的本性。[用法归纳]cannot help to do... 不能帮助做某事cannot help but do... 不得不做某事cannot help oneself 忍不住，无法控制自己cannot help doing... 禁不住做起某事来help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事with the help of sb.＝with sb's help 在某人的帮助下come to sb's help 来帮助某人I can't help it if... 如果……我也没有办法
[即学即练]　完成句子①当街上到处都是融化的雪时，你不可避免地会弄湿鞋子。When the streets are full of melting snow, you ________________ your shoes wet.②Sue不总是故意要这么粗暴无礼的，但有时她就是控制不了自己。Sue doesn't always mean to be so rude, but sometimes she just ______________．③如果所有的飞机班次都被取消了，我也没有办法。I ___________if all the flights are cancelled.
can't help but get
can't help herself
can't help it
④购物时，人们有时会不由自主地被说服去买他们并不真正需要的东西。While shopping, people sometimes ____________________ into buying something they don't really need.⑤我想每个人看到它都会忍不住大笑。I think everybody ________________ when they see it.⑥我不能帮忙打扫房间，因为我要做作业。I _________________ the room, because I have to do my homework.
can't help being persuaded
can't help laughing
can't help to clean
词语辨析：help, aid, assist这三个词作动词都表示“帮助”，区别在于help用途最广泛，可以用于正式场合和非正式场合，而aid和assist主要用于正式场合。如：政府方面的帮助或一些组织提供的帮助常用aid，不大用help。first aid急救financial/legal aid经济/法律援助The government provides aid to poor people.政府向穷人提供援助。He came to my aid when he knew that I was in trouble.当得知我有困难时，他来帮我。
►第三版块：重点句式1．while连接并列句(教材P52)Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.内心的声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于你听到或者读到的观点。 [用法归纳](1)while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。(2)while作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。(3)while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，常常置于句首。(4)while n. 一会儿after a while 过了一会儿
[即学即练]　翻译句子/单句语法填空①汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟绝对是没有希望的。_______________________________________________________②尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间可用。________________________________________________________③________ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.④She met Andy while ________ (work) on a production of Carmen.
Tom's very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless.
While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.
While　
working
典型例证：1．I met him while I was in Shanghai.我在上海的时候认识了她。2．She was reading a book while he was watching a movie.他在看电影的时候，她在读书。3．I like swimming while she likes running.我喜欢游泳而她喜欢跑步。4．While it was late, she kept working.虽然已经很晚了，但是她还在继续工作。5．She lived in Paris for a while．她在巴黎住了一段时间。
2.祈使句＋and＋陈述句(教材P53)Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.灵活处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。[用法归纳]在“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句式中，祈使句表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，陈述句表示结果。表示顺承关系时用and，表示转折关系时用or。Take regular exercise, and you'll keep fit.＝If you take regular exercise, you'll keep fit. 经常锻炼，你就会保持健康。Hurry up, or we'll be late.＝If you don't hurry up, we'll be late. 抓紧时间，不然我们要迟到了。
[即学即练]　翻译句子/单句语法填空①再试一次，你就会成功。_________________________________________________②听医生的建议吧，否则你会咳嗽得更厉害。_________________________________________________③Give blood, ____ you'll save many lives.④One more hour, ____ I'll get the work finished.⑤Listen to the teacher carefully, ___ you can't catch what he is saying.
Another attempt, and you will make it.
Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get even worse.
and　
and　
or
典型例证：1．Start out right away, or you will miss the first train.马上动身，否则你会错过首个车次。2．Study hard, and you're sure to have a good result in the exam.努力学习吧，你一定会在这次考试中获得好成绩。
3.“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句(教材P53)If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。[用法归纳](1)no matter意为“不管，无论”，与what/who/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however等。(2)whatever, whichever, whoever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句，引导名词性从句时，不可以替换为“no matter＋what/which/who”的形式。
[即学即练]　翻译句子/单句语法填空①不管你如何小心，这些东西都维持不了很久。_________________________________________________________②无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。_________________________________________________________③No matter ____ hard the rain falls and the wind blows, the police keep to their posts.④I'm convinced that we can overcome any difficulty, ________ it is.⑤I would like to read ___________ book you recommend.
These things don't last long no matter how careful you are.
Call me when you get there, no matter what the time is.
how　
whatever　
whichever
典型例证：1．Whenever I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.(＝No matter when I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.)不管什么时候，我不高兴，总是我的朋友让我鼓起勇气。2．He tried his best to solue the problem, however difficult it was.(＝He tried his best to solve the problem no matter how difficult it was.)无论问题有多么难，他总是尽最大努力解决它。3．Whatever his grandson does always makes the grandfather happy.(＝Anything that his grandson does always makes the grandfather happy.)无论孙子做什么都总会使爷爷高兴。
4．It＋be＋形容词＋that...句型(教材P53)It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.确实，我们难免会不喜欢某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。 [句式分析]It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。常用于此句型的形容词有clear, true, obvious, possible, strange, likely, certain, fortunate, surprising, important, necessary等。[用法归纳]it代替that引导的主语从句作形式主语。其他常见句型：(1)It＋be＋名词(a fact, a pity, a wonder, a shame, an honour等)＋that...(2)It＋be＋过去分词(said, known, announced, believed, reported, suggested, advised, required等)＋that...
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子/完成句子①______ is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.②It is obvious to the students _______ they should get well prepared for their future.③很明显他对公司的未来是很乐观的。_______________________________________________________④盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。__________________ the thieves don't know how much it is worth.⑤据报道，洪水已使大约2 000人无家可归。_________________ the floods have left about two thousand people homeless.
It　
that　
It is clear that he is optimistic about the company's future.
It's most likely that
It is reported that
高频考点总结：It is a good thing that...……是好事情It is obvious that...……很明显It is important that...重要的是……It is surprising that...令人惊讶的是……It is well known that...众所周知……It is reported that...据报道……It is suggested that...有人提议……It must be pointed out that...必须指出……It has been proved that...事实证明……It seems/appears that...好像……It turns out that...结果是……
It is good news that...……是好消息It is necessary that...有必要……It is strange that...很奇怪……It is likely/possible that...可能是……It is said that...据说……It is recorded that...据记载……It is ordered that...根据命令……It should be noted that...应当注意……It has worked out that...结果是……It happened that...碰巧……It strikes me most that...使我印象最深的是……　
开放课堂·自修自读
ACTIVE LEARNING by Kevin Daum Most people assume① that the human brain is set② on “automatic”③【1】 that means it learns all by itself④. But this isn't always true. We need to train⑤ ourselves to be better learners【2】—to actively⑥ take part in⑦ the learning process⑧ and to reflect⑨ on what we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviours⑩ are called “active learning”. I suggest doing⑪ five things to take an active role in⑫ your learning【3】．【1】that the human...是动词assume后面的宾语，that在从句中不作成分，没有意义，此处可省略。【2】to be better learners是不定式短语作目的状语，下文to actively take..., to reflect...也作目的状语。【3】to take an active...是不定式作定语，修饰five things。
[词语积累]①assume/ə'sjuːm/vt.认为；假定，假设②set vt.设置；调整③automatic/ˌɔːtə'mætɪk/adj.自动的；无意识的④by oneself自动地；单独地，独自地for oneself亲自；为自己⑤train vt.训练，培养⑥actively adv.积极地⑦take part in参加take an active part in (＝actively take part in)积极参加⑧process n．过程；vt.加工，处理⑨reflect/rɪ'flekt/vi. & vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映reflect on思考⑩behaviour n．行为，举止behave vi.表现
⑪suggest doing sth.建议做某事(＝advise doing sth.)⑫take an active role in...在……方面发挥积极作用⑬inner/'ɪnə/adj.内部的⑭outer/'aʊtə/adj.外部的，外面的⑮express vt.表达，表示⑯personal adj.个人的，私人的⑰get in the way of挡道；碍事⑱keep doing sth.继续做某事⑲pay attention to注意……(to是介词)⑳risk doing sth.冒……的危险
主动学习凯文·道姆很多人认为(assume)人类的大脑是“自动(automatic)运行的”，这是说大脑能自动学习。但并不总是如此，我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思(reflect)学到的东西。这些学习行为叫做“主动学习”。为了积极主动地学习，我建议做以下五件事。1．倾听外部的声音有两种声音：内心的(inner)声音和外部的(outer)声音。内心的声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于听到或者读到的观点。虽然你内心的声音很有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。如果你一直过于关注它，就可能错过重要信息。相反，主动学习者是开放的，专注于说话人或者作者所说的话，而不是自己的大脑在背景中说的话。通过这种方式，他们可以更好地做出决策。
2．和内心的声音争论如果发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论(argue)。当你内心的声音告诉你一个说话人或作者是错误的时候，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。灵活(flexible)处理你的意见，你最终(end up doing)可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。3．提出问题提出问题是促进(promote)主动学习最简单的方法。当你从某个人那里、书籍或互联网上获得信息时，提出有关该主题的两个、三个，甚至五个问题。答案将引导你进一步学习，探究(work out)问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。简而言之(in short)：一定要始终保持好奇心。
4．弄清真相主动学习者不会全盘接受学到的东西。他们努力(attempt to)从每个观点最核心的(at the heart of)地方寻找真相。即使某个想法听起来完全不可能(unlikely)，其中也可能有某个方面是基于( be based on)事实的。因此，如果有人说现在还有(exist)恐龙(dinosaur)，那就想一下他们为什么会相信这种观点。这个想法来自哪里？他们是否有足够的数据(data)来支持自己的观点？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。5．专注于信息许多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习机会。他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视(ignore)他们所说的内容。确实，我们难免会不喜欢某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。但不要忘记你仍然可以向他们学习。主动学习者不会根据第一印象(impression)或个人感受来判断人。相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语1．弄懂某事物；计算出 _________2．总而言之 ________3．尝试 ________________4．在……的中心 ______________5．以……为根据 ______________6．拒绝做某事 ______________7．毕竟 _________8．阻止某人做某事 ____________________
work out
in short
attempt to do sth.　
at the heart of
be based on sth.
refuse to do sth.
after all
block sb. from doing sth.
9．思考 __________10．妨碍；阻碍 ______________11．注意 ______________12．冒险做某事 ____________13．集中于；专注于 ________14．与某人争吵 ____________15．最后；终于 ____________
reflect on
get in the way of
pay attention to
risk doing sth.
focus on　
argue with sb.
end up doing
Ⅱ.题组练习(根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题)1．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)On further ________ (reflect), I found I made a mistake.(2)Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of ________ (reflect) on how you learn.(3)新的交通法规表现出安全的重要性。The new traffic rules __________________ of safety.(4)所有乘客都配备了反光背心和安全灯。All riders __________________________ and safety lights.
reflection　
reflecting　
reflect the importance
are equipped with reflective vests
(5)太阳光线照射到地球时，大量的热被反射回太空。When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat is ________________ space.(6)Sean's strong love for his country is ________ (reflect) in his recently published poems.(7)重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中反映的内容。Not the story itself but ________________ the story counts.
reflected back into
reflected　
what is reflected in
2．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)How I regretted ________ (argue) with her about the important question, which made us both unhappy.(2)As our family income decreased, my father argued ________ an increase in our pocket money.(3)The governments argue ________ this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.(4)我们想尽各种办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。We tried many ways to _____________________ our advice, but in vain.(5)那位运动员和裁判吵起来了。That player ______________________ the referee.(6)他反对吸烟并且坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的。He ______________ smoking, and insisted that it was ________________ that smoking was harmful to health.
arguing　
against　
that　
argue him into accepting
got into an argument with
argued against
beyond argument
3．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)You can walk over and make an ________ (assume) like “Is the boy your friend？”．(2)________ (assume) that the weather is favourable, farmers will have a bumper harvest.(3)认为经济将继续好转是有道理的。It is reasonable ______________ the economy will continue to improve.(4)我是在假定能拿到钱的情况下工作。I'm working ___________________ the money will come through.
assumption
Assuming　
to assume (that)
on the assumption that
4．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)If no one helps him, he may end up ______ (be) a beggar.(2)It may be difficult at times to make ______ (end) meet on your small income.(3)People ignore the fact that education should not end up _____ the graduation.(4)赢得比赛结束了他的财务问题。Winning the competition ___________ his financial problems.
being　
ends　
with　
put an end to
(5)那份工作现在结束了，你可以走了。That job ______________ now and you can leave.(6)如果你在某些国家随地吐痰，你最后有可能会被监禁。If you spit in some countries, you could ______ in prison.(7)演讲比赛结束了。谢天谢地，我最终赢得了一等奖，我的努力终于有了回报。The speech contest was ________. Thankfully, I ________________ the first prize and my hard work paid off ___________．
comes to an end
end up
at an end
ended up winning
in the end
5．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)The area is being promoted ____ a tourist destination.(2)While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.(3)电影的艺术应该依托于各个国家，并借鉴其他形式，最终推动其成长。The art of film should be based on its own nation and consult from the other styles, which _________________ in the end.(4)这可以促进智力的发展，也可以促进社会活动。This can contribute to intellectual growth and ____________________．_____(5)我很高兴地告诉你，你被提升为上尉了。I'm happy to inform you that you have ______________ captain.
as　
promoted
promotes its growth
promote social activities as well　
been promoted to
6．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)I hold the firm belief that it won't be long before we work ____ a way to overcome the difficulty.(2)My parents spent the weekend working ____ me to go on holiday with them.(3)在如此忙碌的生活中，很难找到时间去锻炼。With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time ____________．(4)我认为我们应该设计出一个计划来解决这次危机。I think we should ______________ to deal with this crisis.
out　
on　
to work out
work out a plan
(5)情节极其复杂，你要花一些时间才能弄明白。The plot is so complicated that it will take you some time to _____________．(6)在问题失控之前努力改善它是有意义的。It makes sense to __________________ before it gets out of control.(7)这个项目旨在帮助有需要的学生。但结果并不像计划的那样。This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn't ___________________．
work it out
work on the problem
work out as planned
7．选择短语完成句子(be short of/in short/in the short term/in the long term)(1)_________， the Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair.(2)It's terrible for us to __________ water.(3)________________， the medicine may not be very effective.(4)_______________， it might help us to develop better methods for helping people to learn better.(5)_______________， it may earn you less, but ________________ it will pay off large dividends.
In short
be short of
In the short term
In the long term
In the short term
in the long term
8．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)He came over, waving his arms like a young bird ________ (attempt) its first flight.(2)The boys made ____ attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.(3)他们试图在一个月内完成这项工作。They ________________the work within a month.(4)第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不是很多。Not many people can answer this question _________________．(5)他们聘请了20名医生，试图缩短病人等待手术的时间。They hired 20 doctors ______________ reduce patients' waiting time for operations.
attempting　
an　
attempted to finish
at the first attempt
in an attempt to
9．完成句子(1)我知道布朗先生不同意你的看法。在目前的情况下，你的建议不大可能被接受。I have learned that Mr. Brown disagrees with you. Your suggestion _____________ be accepted under present condition.(2)那意味着价格可能会因为竞争而下降。That means the price __________ go down because of the competition.(3)如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪，很可能你会让你的朋友感到尴尬。______________ you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know Chinese table manners.(4)研究人员说，飞机不太可能会对全球气候造成影响。The researchers say ________________ aircraft affect the global climate.
is unlikely to
is likely to
It is likely that
it is unlikely that
10．完成句子/选词填空(base/basis/basic)(1)常言道，独木不成林。我们的成功建立在与他人合作的基础上。Just as the saying goes, “One tree doesn't make a forest”， our success _________________ cooperating with others.(2)那个研究团队在调查的基础上得出了两个报告，但是都没有包含任何有用的建议。The research group produced two reports __________________， but neither contained any useful suggestions.(3)把一个重要的决定建立在感情上而不是理性上，你迟早会后悔的。________________________ more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.(4)They found the plane at the _____ of the mountain.(5)We drew this conclusion on the ________ of experiments.(6)They have to have a ________ understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology.
is based on/upon
based on the survey
Basing an important decision
base
basis　
basic
11．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)There ________ (exist) an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.(2)No one knows when such a custom first came into ________ (exist).(3)众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。It is known that a generation gap ____________ the young and the old.(4)中国继续做出真诚的努力，妥善处理与一些邻国之间存在的分歧。China continues to make sincere efforts to properly handle the differences ________________ with some of its neighbours.(5)他发现靠他挣的钱很难生活。He finds it hard ____________ the money he's earning.
existed　
existence　
exists between
that exist/existing
to exist on
12．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)What's worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ________ (ignore) the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.(2)Children often behave badly out of ________ (ignore).(3)They seem to be ________ (ignore) of what happened here.(4)很少有人能看到我的内心世界，但我并不生气，只是不理会他们罢了。The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just __________．(5)关于丈夫的活动，她一直蒙在鼓里。She ______________________ her husband's activities.
ignoring　
ignorance　
ignorant　
ignore them
was kept in ignorance of
13．选词填空(impressed/impressive/impression)(1)It probably didn't make the __________ on you as it did on me.(2)What ________ me most was that whenever he appeared in front of others he often wore a big smile.(3)This is the most ___________ building I have ever seen on my trip to Egypt.(4)我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。My father ______________________________ on me.＝My father _________________ the value of hard work.(5)那些漂亮的剪纸艺术品一定会给你留下深刻的印象。You will surely ___________________ those beautiful papercutting artworks.(6)看到我爸爸和保罗叔叔骑马，我被深深打动。他们看起来很酷。I ___________________ my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
impression　
impressed　
impressive　
impresses the value of hard work
impresses me with
be impressed by/with
was impressed to see
14．单句语法填空(1)Every student, no matter ______ talented or hardworking, will come across difficulties in his or her study.(2)Usually, no matter _____ far away or ______ busy we are, we will try to come home for the celebration and look forward to the family reunion.(3)No matter ________ happened, I would defend her from being hurt.(4)No matter ________ road you take, it will lead you to the station.(5)No matter _______ attractive the Internet is, we shouldn't be separated from our loved ones.(6)No matter ________ he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.(7)No matter _____ my motherland needs me, I will go without hesitation.
how　
how　
how　
what　
which　
how
where　
when
Ⅲ.根据课时内容，翻译下列句子1．答案会引导你进一步学习，探究问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．即使某个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。___________________________________________________________________________________3．如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.
4．许多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习的机会。_______________________________________________________________________5．主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。________________________________________________________6．为了积极主动地学习，我建议做以下五件事。_________________________________________________________7．内心的声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你听到或读到的观点。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way.
Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.
8．如果你一直过于关注它，就可能错过重要的信息。_________________________________________________________________________9．相反，主动学习者是开放的，专注于说话人或作者所说的话，而不是自己的大脑在背景中说的话。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，可以像大多数主动学习者那样与之辩论。_______________________________________________________________________________
If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information.
Instead, active learners are openminded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying in the background.
If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
Ⅳ.短文语法填空We need to train 1.________ (we) to be better learners. We can do many things to take 2._____ active role in our learning. We all have two voices. If we keep paying too much attention to inner voice, we risk 3.________ (miss) important information. If our inner voice is difficult 4.________ (control), we can argue with it. The easiest way to promote active learning is asking questions, 5.________ will lead us to further learning and help us to achieve a 6.________ (high) level of understanding about the topic. Active learners attempt to question the world around them and find out the source of an idea, no matter 7._____ crazy it seems. Finally, 8._____ active learners, we don't judge people 9.________ (base) on first impressions or personal feelings. Although we cannot help 10.________ (dislike) some people, do not forget we can still learn from them.
ourselves　
an　
missing　
to control
which　
higher　
how　
as　
based　
disliking
Ⅴ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)1．[2018·江苏卷]Momandpop carmakers are unlikely ________ (beat) the biggest car companies.2．[2019·天津卷]Scientists have built an earlywarning system ________ (base) on mathematical models.
答案与解析：to beat　be unlikely to do sth.意为“不可能做某事”。句意：小型汽车制造商不太可能击败最大的汽车公司。
答案与解析：based　过去分词作状语。句意：科学家们根据数学模型已经建立了一个预警系统。
3．[2019·江苏卷]Scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of ________ (exist).4．[全国卷Ⅱ]Hundreds of people have formed ________ (impress) of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.
答案与解析：existence　介词后名词作宾语。句意：科学家们正尽他们的最大努力挽救这个物种，使其免于灭绝。
答案与解析：impressions　动词后名词作宾语。句意：数百人已经通过在你书桌上的这个小设备形成了对你的印象。
5．[天津卷]Two years ago, while Cathy ________ (watch) the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.6．[浙江卷]________ is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe.
答案与解析：was watching　while引导时间状语从句，从句多用进行时。句意：两年前，当凯茜在看奥运会的时候，她甜美的小脑袋里出现了一个梦想——成为一名游泳运动员。
答案与解析：It　it作形式主语。句意：婴儿出生时可能并不知道宇宙的这一基本事实。
7．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely ________ (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.8．[2017·江苏卷]Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again ________ hatching their eggs.
答案与解析：to recover　be likely to do sth.可能做某事。句意：医院里看到窗外树枝的病人可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。
答案与解析：while　while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。句意：研究发现，澳大利亚优质细尾鹪鹩在孵蛋时，会一遍又一遍地重复一种声音。
9．[全国卷Ⅰ]No matter ________ attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they're unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.10．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle ________ is ahead of you for the day.
答案与解析：how　no matter how引导让步状语从句。句意：不管它们在店里看起来多么诱人，一旦我把它们带回家，它们总是干硬无味。
答案与解析：whatever　whatever引导宾语从句。句意：锻炼能让你更加清醒，更能让你为处理好这一天的事情做好准备。
11．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]I often reflect ________ how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week.12．[2019·江苏卷]A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
答案与解析：on　固定短语reflect on，意为“思考……”。句意：我经常思考我的一天是怎么过的，并且考虑一下这周剩下的日子。
答案与解析：reflecting　现在分词作状语。句意：城市是人的手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。
13．[浙江卷]Some developmental psychologists (心理学家) have ________ (argue) that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation.14．[福建卷]When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated ________ (argue).
答案与解析：argued　现在完成时。句意：一些发展心理学家认为这个“玩”更像一个科学调查。
答案与解析：argument　a heated argument一场激烈的争论。句意：当这种情况发生时，重要的是不要让一场平静的讨论变成激烈的争论。
15．[2019·江苏卷]It ________ (assume) that a large brain makes huge advantages.16．[2019·北京卷]All our projects aim ________ (promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
答案与解析：is assumed　一般现在时的被动语态。句意：假设大脑越大，优势越大。
答案与解析：to promote　aim to do sth.意为“旨在做某事”。句意：我们所有的项目都旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。
17．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Every year about 40，000 people ________ (attempt) to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.18．[广东卷]For years researchers ________ (attempt) to show that television is dangerous to children.
答案与解析：attempt　一般现在时。句意：每年大约有4万人尝试攀登非洲的最高峰乞力马扎罗山。
答案与解析：have attempted　现在完成时。句意：多年来，研究人员一直试图证明电视对儿童是危险的。
Ⅵ.微型作文从下列所给的单词、短语中至少选择5个，写出一个表达完整的段落。选用的词语需要加下划线。reflect, argue, assume, flexible, promote, unlikely, exist, ignore, impression, argue with, end up doing, work out, in short, attempt to, at the heart of, be based on________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I have always assumed that exam results reflect the real performance of a student in daily life. It is impossible for a student who usually performs badly to do well in exams. Because of the opinion I promote,__I leave a bad impression on some students. They argue__with me but I ignore them, for I'm not flexible. In fact, I'm trying to motivate them to perform well in school. I suggest that they attempt__to change themselves, study hard at ordinary times, and get really good grades in exams to prove themselves. I strongly believe we will end__up__becoming good friends in the future.