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新教材2023版高中英语Unit8GreenLivingPartⅢ单元语法__动词_ing和_ed形式学案北师大版必修第三册
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这是一份新教材2023版高中英语Unit8GreenLivingPartⅢ单元语法__动词_ing和_ed形式学案北师大版必修第三册，共13页。
Part Ⅲ 单元语法——动词ing和ed形式学习目标1.现在分词形式作定语[合作探究]In autumn we often see some falling leaves in the air and fallen ones on the ground.秋天我常常看到空中正在飘落的树叶和地上的落叶。A little child learning (＝who is learning) to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。There are many students waiting (＝who are waiting) to get examined.有许多学生在等待检查。[用法归纳] (1)表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。(2)单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词后。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Susan felt dull and she needed to find something ________ (interest) to do.②The man ________ (stand) against the wall is our teacher.③The stadium ________ (build) at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.④The stadium ________ (build) last year in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.⑤The stadium ________ (build) next year in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.⑥The girl ________ (sing) on the stage now is our monitor.⑦The flowers ________ (smell) sweet in the garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.⑧There is a lot of evidence ________ (show) that staring at the computer for a long time does harm to our eyes.⑨There's a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.⑩Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.易错提醒：(1)现在分词(短语)的完成式having done一般只用来作状语，不作定语。(2)过去分词、现在分词的被动式和动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别2.现在分词形式作表语[合作探究]The result of the game was disappointing.比赛结果令人失望。His life story sounds very moving.他的人生故事听起来很感人。Teaching young children is really challenging.教小孩子的确富有挑战性。What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真是令人鼓舞。[用法归纳](1)动词ing形式作表语，表示主语或所修饰的名词的某种性质和特征，它的主语是物。这类分词通常可以看作形容词。(2)作表语用的动词ing形式，许多是由能够表示人们的感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：exciting, moving, interesting, shocking, frightening, terrifying, inspiring, boring, puzzling, amusing, entertaining, astonishing, surprising, pleasing, disappointing等。一般说来，由描述人的心理动作的动词转化而来的现在分词用作形容词均表示“事物的特点和性质”，而对应的过去分词用作形容词，则表示人的心理状态。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①This story is ________ (interest) and fun for the whole family to enjoy, and especially cool for young boys.②The result of the football match was so ________ (disappoint) that some fans couldn't help crying.③Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too ________ (shock), the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.④It was ________ (surprise) that the shy girl stood up and answered the question.⑤The problem which he met in the new school is quite ________ (puzzle).⑥The situation both at home and abroad is very ________ (inspire).名师点拨：句中disappointing和moving在这里作表语，表示句子主语the result of the game和his life story的性质和特点。这里disappointing是“令人失望的”；moving是“令人感动的”。3.现在分词形式作宾语补足语[合作探究]I saw a small girl standing in front of a fishbowl.我看到一个小女孩站在鱼缸前。I saw that thief getting on the train.我看见那个贼正在上火车。I saw the thief get on the train and disappear.我看见那个贼上了火车，消失不见了。I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.在持续的噪音下我无法完成作业。[用法归纳]宾语与宾补之间是逻辑主谓关系。动词ing形式主要用于以下三类词后作宾语补足语：(1)位于感官动词(词组)后：如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, catch, spot, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。注意：感官动词see, hear, watch, observe等后跟现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行；后跟动词原形作宾补，表示动作的全过程。(2)位于使役动词后：如set, keep, have, get, leave等。(3)位于with复合结构中。with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①On the bank of the river, we found him ________ (lie) on a bench, with his eyes ________ (fix) on a kite in the sky.②I stood on the bridge and watched boats ________ (pass) by.③They use computers to keep the traffic ________ (run) smoothly.④The head teacher caught Peter ________ (play) with his cellphone in class.⑤When I passed by, I saw a stranger ________ (come) into the old building.⑥He was just about to sit down when he felt something ________ (move) near his feet.⑦Listening to music at home is one thing, going to ________________________ (听它被演奏) live is quite another.⑧________________ (水覆盖) more than 70% of its surface, the earth looks like a blue ball.名师点拨：“with＋宾语＋补足语”通常称为“with复合结构”。具体如下：with＋宾语＋现在分词with＋宾语＋过去分词with＋宾语＋带to的不定式with＋宾语＋形容词/方位副词with＋宾语＋介词短语with复合结构在句中可作后置定语和状语。with复合结构也可转换成独立主格形式。4.现在分词形式作状语[合作探究]Hearing the noise, I turned around.＝When I heard the noise, I turned around.听到响声我转过身去。Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.＝Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。Working hard, you'll certainly succeed.＝If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.＝The fire lasted a whole night and caused great damage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。名师点拨：有些现在分词(短语)独立存在于句首，没有逻辑主语，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或评注性状语。如：generally speaking一般说来roughly speaking大致说来frankly speaking坦率地说judging from/by由……判断considering...考虑到…… [用法归纳](1)动词ing形式的一般式与完成式(2)动词ing形式的主动式与被动式提示：句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。(3)动词ing形式作状语时的功能动词ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等，分别相当于对应的状语从句。分词前可以有连词when, while, if, although, even if, as if等。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换①An earthquake struck the city in April, ________ (cause) a lot of damage to the houses.②Morris was seated in front of the computer, ________ (stare) at the dark screen.③Lionel Messi, ________ (set) the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.④You must observe local customs and manners when ________ (visit) foreign countries.⑤Generally ________ (speak), girls are better at learning foreign languages than boys.⑥________ (hear) the news that they will go on a spring tour, the children jumped with joy.⑦Not ________ (know) the city well, I got lost on the way back to the hotel.⑧When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.→________ (see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood.⑨After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.→________ (make) full preparations, we are ready for the examination.⑩If you go straight down the road, you will find the department store.→________ (go) straight down the road, you will find the department store.⑪Since you were given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?→________________________ such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?名师点拨：一般说来，表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式的现在分词(短语)作状语，往往放在句首；而表示结果和伴随的现在分词(短语)则常常放在句末。如：①Seeing the police, the thief ran away.看到警察，那个小偷就跑走了。(现在分词作时间状语)②The teacher returned to school, leaving the naughty boy alone standing there.那位老师回校了，留下那个调皮的男生独自站在那儿。(现在分词作结果状语)③The boy lay in bed, reading a book.那男孩躺在床上，读着一本书。(现在分词短语作伴随状语)④Being late for school again, John was punished by the teacher.由于又上学迟到，约翰受到老师惩罚。(现在分词短语作原因状语)5.过去分词作定语[合作探究]The broken vase has been thrown outside.那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。I borrowed a book written (＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain from the library.我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。[用法归纳]过去分词作定语，分为前置和后置两种情况：(1)前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成的意思，此时过去分词具有形容词的特点，侧重永久性的状态或特点。the fallen leaves落叶newly planted flower新栽的花注意：①有些单个的过去分词，像left (剩余的), given (被给的), concerned (有关的), involved (有关的)，习惯上用作后置定语。standing room left所剩的立足之地the people concerned有关人士the book given给出的书籍2．动名词作定语是表示中心词的功能或用途。如：a reading room一间阅览室(动名词是说明room的功能或用途)，再如：a meeting room(＝a room for meeting)会议室；a running track (a track for running)一条跑道。3．过去分词作定语有两种情况①及物动词的过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词既是被动关系又是完成关系。如：a used book一本用过的书(＝a book that has been used)②不及物动词过去分词作定语仅表示完成不表被动关系。如：the fallen leaves落叶(＝the leaves that have fallen)比较： eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(the falling leaves正在飘落,的叶子,the fallen leves落叶)) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(a reading young man一位正在读书,的年轻人,a reading room一间阅览室)) ②有些过去分词已完全形容词化了，作前置定语时，其含义完全不同于同形的作后置定语的过去分词。I'm going to buy some__used__books．(一些旧书)The__books__used by Mary still new now.(用过的书)We'll meet at a__given__time__and__place．(固定的时间和地点)The__time__and__place__given to us aren't decided yet.(被给的时间和地点)(2)后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ (advertise) in yesterday's ChinaDaily.②Mrs Tang, ________ (know) as a writer, is giving us a speech tomorrow afternoon.③The highspeed railway ________ (build) last year is for the next Olympic Games.④The concert ________ (give) by the Chinese band last weekend was a great success.⑤Have you ever read the book ________ (write) by J. K. Rowling?⑥The ________ (shock) look on his face showed that he hadn't known the result.⑦The players ________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.⑧Can those ________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?⑨It is one of the funniest things ________ (find) on the Internet so far this year.⑩The trees ________ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.⑪We finished the run in less than half the time ________ (allow).⑫The robot ________ (develop) by a Chinese company last week can take care of the elderly people.⑬After completing it, please return the form to us in the ________ (provide) envelope.⑭The ________ (puzzle) expression on his face suggested that he didn't understand why I had told the secret to him.⑮“Things ________ (lose) never come again！” I couldn't help talking to myself.⑯Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.名师提醒：现在分词、动名词和过去分词作定语的比较：1．现在分词作定语或者表示所修饰的中心词性质或特点，或者表示中心词正在进行的动作。如：the interesting book那本有趣的书(现在分词表中心词书的特点)；the walking man那位正在走路的男士(现在分词表示中心词man正在进行的动作)。6.过去分词作表语[合作探究]The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。Later they found that they were lost.后来他们发现他们迷路了。We were amazed at the beauty of the lake.这个湖泊的美使我们大为惊奇。[用法归纳]过去分词作表语，表示主语处于某种状态。其主语常为人。(1)主要用在系动词be和连系动词look, sound, get, become, smell, taste, stay, remain等后。常见的作表语的过去分词有：delighted, excited, interested, disappointed, discouraged, puzzled, surprised, shocked, amazed, astonished, confused, amused, tired, bored, satisfied, pleased, married, worried, seated, drunk等。(2)get doneget done有两层含义：①表示某种结果，如get married (结婚), get changed (换衣服), get dressed (穿衣服), get lost (迷路), get washed (洗脸), get tired (累了)等。②表示被动关系，如get hurt/injured/wounded (受伤), get trapped/caught in (被困在), get paid (得到报酬)等。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________ (connect).②We got ________ (stick) in a traffic jam and therefore, we didn't arrive there on schedule.③A terrible accident happened near our school last night. Luckily, no one got ________ (hurt).④To our amazement, thousands of holidaymakers got ________ (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.⑤The children looked quite ________ (excite) when they heard the news.⑥The old man remained ________ (seat) when the German soldiers came in the church.⑦Robert got ________ (burn), but fortunately, the burn was not serious.⑧The party is informal, so you needn't ________________ (换衣服).⑨The two students ________________ (迷路) in the woods. What's worse, their cellphones were dead.⑩His car ________________________ (被困在) the mud, as a result, he had to go there on foot.名师提醒：连系动词look, sound, smell, taste等的主语都是以被“看”，被“听”，被“闻”，被“偿”，被“……”的人或物作主语的句子，表示“某人看上去如何如何”“某事听起来怎样”等等。如：He looks tired out.他看起来(是)疲惫了。Her voice sounds wonderful.她的嗓音听起来很妙。7.过去分词作宾语补足语[合作探究]When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。I want the letter posted.我想把这封信寄出去。She found her necklace gone on her way home.在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。[用法归纳]一般是及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动或完成含义，或两者意义都有。当动词的宾语与do之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且动作已经完成时，需用过去分词。(1)过去分词用在感官动词(词组)see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, observe, listen to后作宾语补足语。(2)过去分词用在have/get后作宾语补足语，表示两种含义：①让某人做某事②某人遭遇了不幸的事(3)过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave后作宾语补足语。(4)过去分词用在动词make后作宾语补足语。(5)过去分词用在want, wish, like, order等后作宾语补足语。(6)过去分词用在with复合结构中作宾语补足语。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①When we got to school, we found the door ________ (lock).②He had his bike ________ (repair) the day before yesterday.③William had his bike ________ (steal) last night.④I'm sorry I've left some of your questions ________ (unanswer).⑤She raised her voice to make herself ________ (hear).⑥He didn't want the problem ________ (discuss) at the moment.⑦With my work ________ (finish), I went to the library for some books.⑧Martin was listening attentively to the lecture, with his attention ________ (fix) on it.⑨If you ________________________ (发现自己受困) in a group of complainers in a meeting or at a social event, simply choose silence.⑩When Mr Green walked out of the bank, he ________________________________ (发现自己的车不见了).⑪The young man stood in the middle of the room, ______________________________ (他的双手被绑着) behind his back.⑫When we ______________________________ (看见路被堵) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.⑬Before driving into the city, you are required to ________________________ (让人洗车).名师提示：have/get＋宾语＋补足语有两种可能的含义：1．让某人做某事①I'm going to have/get all the letters mailed.我要去邮一些信。(自己寄或找人寄)②I must go to town to have my computer repaired.我得进城找人修理我的电脑。2．某人遭遇某种不幸的事①I had my bike broken on half way home.回家半路上，我的自行车坏了。(遭受某种不快或不幸，此时只能用have不能用get。)②On the bus, I had my pocket picked.在公交上，我的兜儿让人扒了。(遭遇不幸，只能用have)8.过去分词作状语[合作探究]Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(原因状语)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(条件状语)Asked about the matter, she kept silent.当被问及那个问题时，她默不作声。(时间状语)The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。(方式状语)He walked slowly in the forest, followed by a dog.他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语)[用法归纳](1)动词ed形式作状语可表示时间、结果、条件、原因、方式、让步、伴随等情况。这些分词(短语)可扩展成一个状语从句或并列分句。(2)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要和句子主语一致；过去分词作状语时分词前一般不用being。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Greatly ________ (inspire) by the achievements of our country, we are determined to study hard to serve it in the future.②________ (lose) in deep thought, William didn't notice his father come in.③Miss Lin stood in the middle of the office, ________ (surround) by some students.④________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.⑤The old couple, ________ (move) by his kindness, thanked him over and again.⑥________ (dress) elegantly, the host attracted the audience's interest straight away.⑦________ (tire) after a day's work, Jane didn't want to prepare dinner by herself.⑧Although ________ (disappoint) at the result, the coach didn't criticise the players.名师提示：过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语跟句子主语都是一致的，当不一致时，就应在过去分词前加上其独立的逻辑主语，构成独立主格形式，也可用with复合结构。如：The work done; we went home.(这里done的逻辑主语不能是we，而应是工作work)→With the work done, we went home.工作做完了，我们回家了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The police will come soon to take away the ________ (damage) car.2．When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women ________ (argue).3．Don't have the lights ________ (burn) all night. It will waste too much electricity.4．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.5．He got his tooth ________ (pull) out yesterday, for it troubled him a lot.6．Tom received a phone call from his mother ________ (say) that she would visit him this weekend.7．He often carefully watched the doctors in the ________ (operate) room.8．The children rushed out of the classroom, ________ (talk) about something happily.9．Not ________ (realise) that he had hurt Shirley, Jordan continued to shout at her.10．This is the statue of a brave soldier ________ (seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back.Ⅱ.完成句子1．要把那些事情做完。Don't ________________________．2．听到有人问他个人生活问题，他似乎有点尴尬。Hearing someone ask him about his personal life, he ________________________．3．受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。The ________________________ are now being taken good care of in the hospital.4．这将是这类小说中写得最好的。This will be the best novel of its kind ____________________．5．如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本可以表现得更好。________________________， the boy could have behaved better.6．因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。________________________， he didn't want to argue with him.7．被雨淋后他感冒了。He was caught in the rain, thus ________________________．8．我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。I ________________________ me on the shoulder.9．形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取某些措施。The situation ________________________ that something should be done at once.10．他看着电视机被搬出了房间。He ________________________ out of the room.Ⅲ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)1．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]We don't have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call ________ (say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was a joke.2．[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]On the last day of our weeklong stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.3．[2019·天津卷]Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.4．[2018·天津卷]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take).5．[2018·江苏卷]Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.6．[安徽卷]While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.7．[2016·浙江卷]To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.8．[2017·北京卷]Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.9．[四川卷]The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.10．[浙江卷]Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ (appoint) to guard her.11．[2018·浙江卷]But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got ________ (lose).12．[陕西卷]Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take) good care of at home.13．[2019·江苏卷]China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.14．[天津卷]Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.15．[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.Ⅳ.短文语法填空Once I was lucky enough to watch Charlie Chaplin 1.________ (make) one of his famous films. I observed him 2.________ (direct) as well as 3.________ (act) in it. He had a particular method of film 4.________ (make). He planned the story and then performed and 5.________ (film) each scene many times. I saw him 6.________ (make) each scene a little different. Then I found him 7.________ (pick) out the scenes he liked best and 8.________ (join) them together to make the film more 9.________ (entertain). It was an 10.________ (interest) experience as it was clear that he did not keep to a strict budget.Part Ⅲ 单元语法核心突破·要点讲解1．①interesting ②standing ③being built ④built ⑤to be built ⑥singing ⑦smelling ⑧showing ⑨saying ⑩watching2．①interesting ②disappointing ③shocking ④surprising⑤puzzling ⑥inspiring3．①lying fixed ②passing ③running ④playing ⑤coming⑥moving ⑦hear it being performed ⑧With water covering4．①causing ②staring ③having set ④visiting ⑤speaking⑥Hearing ⑦knowing ⑧Seeing ⑨Having made ⑩Going⑪Having been given5．①advertised ②known ③built ④given ⑤written ⑥shocked⑦selected ⑧seated ⑨found ⑩blown ⑪allowed ⑫developed ⑬provided ⑭puzzled ⑮lost ⑯founded6．①connected ②stuck ③hurt ④stuck ⑤excited ⑥seated ⑦burnt ⑧get changed ⑨got lost ⑩was stuck in/got trapped in/got caught in7．①locked ②repaired ③stolen ④unanswered ⑤heard⑥discussed ⑦finished ⑧fixed ⑨find yourself trapped⑩found his car gone/lost ⑪with his hands tied ⑫saw the road blocked ⑬get your car washed8．①inspired ②Lost ③surrounded ④Absorbed ⑤moved⑥Dressed ⑦Tired ⑧disappointed夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.1．damaged 2.arguing 3.burning 4.developed 5.pulled6．saying 7.operating 8.talking 9.realising 10.seatedⅡ.1．leave those things undone 2.seemed embarrassed 3.injured workers 4.ever written 5.Given more encouragement 6.Respecting his father 7.making himself catch a cold 8.felt someone patting 9.became so worrying 10.watched the TV set carriedⅢ.1．答案与解析：saying a call与say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作定语。句意：我们不知道是谁给奶奶报名的。当我们接到电话说她被列入候选名单时，我们以为这是个玩笑。2．答案与解析：listening we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作状语。句意：在我们逗留一周的最后一天，我们被邀请参加在北岸的一个美丽的农场举行的一场私人音乐会，在星空下聆听音乐家的演奏，并会见有趣的当地人。3．答案与解析：designed a course与design之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：现在，大多数大学都为一年级学生提供一门专为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。4．答案与解析：taken my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：我需要一本新护照，所以我得去让人给我照相。5．答案与解析：exceeding 逗号前的句子与exceed之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意：在这期间创造了大约13500个新职位，超过了市场分析员所认为的12000人的预期数量。6．答案与解析：promoted Henry与promote之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。get done表示被动。句意：在等待升职机会的同时，亨利尽了最大努力履行他的职责。7．答案与解析：conducted a study与conduct之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：回到水污染问题，我想让你们看看2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。8．答案与解析：spent the happy time与spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。9．答案与解析：developed many new products与develop之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作宾语补足语。句意：经理看到经过极大的努力后许多新产品被开发出来，感到很满意。10．答案与解析：appointed a nurse与appoint之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作定语。句意：阿米·萨蒙身受残疾，她上学的整段时间都由一名指定的护士来照料。11．答案与解析：lost get lost迷路。过去分词作表语。句意：但在我们从马上跳下来之前，我们发现自己偏离了常规路线，迷了路。12．答案与解析：taken his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作宾语补足语。句意：李博士从他在非洲的两年医疗服务回来，看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。13．答案与解析：recognizing more countries与recognize之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作宾语补足语。句意：随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳步提升。14．答案与解析：written the book与write之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作状语。句意：这本书写得既清楚又有思想，激发了学生们的信心，他们希望找到自己的答案。15．答案与解析：feeding China与feed之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作状语。句意：(世界)银行的Juergen Voegele说，中国在保护环境的同时养活本国公民的做法“为世界各地的农业和食品政策制定者提供了有益的经验教训”。 学习现在分词和过去分词的用法过去分词作定语(done)表示被动动作已完成The stadium built last year is the biggest one in our city.去年建造的体育场是我们市最大的一个。现在分词的被动式作定语(beingdone)表示被动动作正在发生The stadium being built now will be the biggest one in our city.现在正在被建造的体育场将是我们市最大的一个。动词不定式的被动式作定语(to bedone)表示被动动作将要发生The stadium to be built next year will be the biggest one in our city.明年将要建造的体育场将是我们市最大的一个。一般式(doing)表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式(having done)表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前主动式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系被动式和逻辑主语之间是被动关系
Part Ⅲ 单元语法——动词ing和ed形式学习目标1.现在分词形式作定语[合作探究]In autumn we often see some falling leaves in the air and fallen ones on the ground.秋天我常常看到空中正在飘落的树叶和地上的落叶。A little child learning (＝who is learning) to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。There are many students waiting (＝who are waiting) to get examined.有许多学生在等待检查。[用法归纳] (1)表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。(2)单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词后。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Susan felt dull and she needed to find something ________ (interest) to do.②The man ________ (stand) against the wall is our teacher.③The stadium ________ (build) at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.④The stadium ________ (build) last year in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.⑤The stadium ________ (build) next year in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.⑥The girl ________ (sing) on the stage now is our monitor.⑦The flowers ________ (smell) sweet in the garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.⑧There is a lot of evidence ________ (show) that staring at the computer for a long time does harm to our eyes.⑨There's a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.⑩Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.易错提醒：(1)现在分词(短语)的完成式having done一般只用来作状语，不作定语。(2)过去分词、现在分词的被动式和动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别2.现在分词形式作表语[合作探究]The result of the game was disappointing.比赛结果令人失望。His life story sounds very moving.他的人生故事听起来很感人。Teaching young children is really challenging.教小孩子的确富有挑战性。What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真是令人鼓舞。[用法归纳](1)动词ing形式作表语，表示主语或所修饰的名词的某种性质和特征，它的主语是物。这类分词通常可以看作形容词。(2)作表语用的动词ing形式，许多是由能够表示人们的感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：exciting, moving, interesting, shocking, frightening, terrifying, inspiring, boring, puzzling, amusing, entertaining, astonishing, surprising, pleasing, disappointing等。一般说来，由描述人的心理动作的动词转化而来的现在分词用作形容词均表示“事物的特点和性质”，而对应的过去分词用作形容词，则表示人的心理状态。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①This story is ________ (interest) and fun for the whole family to enjoy, and especially cool for young boys.②The result of the football match was so ________ (disappoint) that some fans couldn't help crying.③Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too ________ (shock), the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.④It was ________ (surprise) that the shy girl stood up and answered the question.⑤The problem which he met in the new school is quite ________ (puzzle).⑥The situation both at home and abroad is very ________ (inspire).名师点拨：句中disappointing和moving在这里作表语，表示句子主语the result of the game和his life story的性质和特点。这里disappointing是“令人失望的”；moving是“令人感动的”。3.现在分词形式作宾语补足语[合作探究]I saw a small girl standing in front of a fishbowl.我看到一个小女孩站在鱼缸前。I saw that thief getting on the train.我看见那个贼正在上火车。I saw the thief get on the train and disappear.我看见那个贼上了火车，消失不见了。I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.在持续的噪音下我无法完成作业。[用法归纳]宾语与宾补之间是逻辑主谓关系。动词ing形式主要用于以下三类词后作宾语补足语：(1)位于感官动词(词组)后：如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, catch, spot, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。注意：感官动词see, hear, watch, observe等后跟现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行；后跟动词原形作宾补，表示动作的全过程。(2)位于使役动词后：如set, keep, have, get, leave等。(3)位于with复合结构中。with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①On the bank of the river, we found him ________ (lie) on a bench, with his eyes ________ (fix) on a kite in the sky.②I stood on the bridge and watched boats ________ (pass) by.③They use computers to keep the traffic ________ (run) smoothly.④The head teacher caught Peter ________ (play) with his cellphone in class.⑤When I passed by, I saw a stranger ________ (come) into the old building.⑥He was just about to sit down when he felt something ________ (move) near his feet.⑦Listening to music at home is one thing, going to ________________________ (听它被演奏) live is quite another.⑧________________ (水覆盖) more than 70% of its surface, the earth looks like a blue ball.名师点拨：“with＋宾语＋补足语”通常称为“with复合结构”。具体如下：with＋宾语＋现在分词with＋宾语＋过去分词with＋宾语＋带to的不定式with＋宾语＋形容词/方位副词with＋宾语＋介词短语with复合结构在句中可作后置定语和状语。with复合结构也可转换成独立主格形式。4.现在分词形式作状语[合作探究]Hearing the noise, I turned around.＝When I heard the noise, I turned around.听到响声我转过身去。Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.＝Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。Working hard, you'll certainly succeed.＝If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.＝The fire lasted a whole night and caused great damage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。名师点拨：有些现在分词(短语)独立存在于句首，没有逻辑主语，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或评注性状语。如：generally speaking一般说来roughly speaking大致说来frankly speaking坦率地说judging from/by由……判断considering...考虑到…… [用法归纳](1)动词ing形式的一般式与完成式(2)动词ing形式的主动式与被动式提示：句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。(3)动词ing形式作状语时的功能动词ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等，分别相当于对应的状语从句。分词前可以有连词when, while, if, although, even if, as if等。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换①An earthquake struck the city in April, ________ (cause) a lot of damage to the houses.②Morris was seated in front of the computer, ________ (stare) at the dark screen.③Lionel Messi, ________ (set) the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.④You must observe local customs and manners when ________ (visit) foreign countries.⑤Generally ________ (speak), girls are better at learning foreign languages than boys.⑥________ (hear) the news that they will go on a spring tour, the children jumped with joy.⑦Not ________ (know) the city well, I got lost on the way back to the hotel.⑧When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.→________ (see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood.⑨After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.→________ (make) full preparations, we are ready for the examination.⑩If you go straight down the road, you will find the department store.→________ (go) straight down the road, you will find the department store.⑪Since you were given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?→________________________ such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?名师点拨：一般说来，表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式的现在分词(短语)作状语，往往放在句首；而表示结果和伴随的现在分词(短语)则常常放在句末。如：①Seeing the police, the thief ran away.看到警察，那个小偷就跑走了。(现在分词作时间状语)②The teacher returned to school, leaving the naughty boy alone standing there.那位老师回校了，留下那个调皮的男生独自站在那儿。(现在分词作结果状语)③The boy lay in bed, reading a book.那男孩躺在床上，读着一本书。(现在分词短语作伴随状语)④Being late for school again, John was punished by the teacher.由于又上学迟到，约翰受到老师惩罚。(现在分词短语作原因状语)5.过去分词作定语[合作探究]The broken vase has been thrown outside.那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。I borrowed a book written (＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain from the library.我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。[用法归纳]过去分词作定语，分为前置和后置两种情况：(1)前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成的意思，此时过去分词具有形容词的特点，侧重永久性的状态或特点。the fallen leaves落叶newly planted flower新栽的花注意：①有些单个的过去分词，像left (剩余的), given (被给的), concerned (有关的), involved (有关的)，习惯上用作后置定语。standing room left所剩的立足之地the people concerned有关人士the book given给出的书籍2．动名词作定语是表示中心词的功能或用途。如：a reading room一间阅览室(动名词是说明room的功能或用途)，再如：a meeting room(＝a room for meeting)会议室；a running track (a track for running)一条跑道。3．过去分词作定语有两种情况①及物动词的过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词既是被动关系又是完成关系。如：a used book一本用过的书(＝a book that has been used)②不及物动词过去分词作定语仅表示完成不表被动关系。如：the fallen leaves落叶(＝the leaves that have fallen)比较： eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(the falling leaves正在飘落,的叶子,the fallen leves落叶)) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(a reading young man一位正在读书,的年轻人,a reading room一间阅览室)) ②有些过去分词已完全形容词化了，作前置定语时，其含义完全不同于同形的作后置定语的过去分词。I'm going to buy some__used__books．(一些旧书)The__books__used by Mary still new now.(用过的书)We'll meet at a__given__time__and__place．(固定的时间和地点)The__time__and__place__given to us aren't decided yet.(被给的时间和地点)(2)后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ (advertise) in yesterday's ChinaDaily.②Mrs Tang, ________ (know) as a writer, is giving us a speech tomorrow afternoon.③The highspeed railway ________ (build) last year is for the next Olympic Games.④The concert ________ (give) by the Chinese band last weekend was a great success.⑤Have you ever read the book ________ (write) by J. K. Rowling?⑥The ________ (shock) look on his face showed that he hadn't known the result.⑦The players ________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.⑧Can those ________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?⑨It is one of the funniest things ________ (find) on the Internet so far this year.⑩The trees ________ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.⑪We finished the run in less than half the time ________ (allow).⑫The robot ________ (develop) by a Chinese company last week can take care of the elderly people.⑬After completing it, please return the form to us in the ________ (provide) envelope.⑭The ________ (puzzle) expression on his face suggested that he didn't understand why I had told the secret to him.⑮“Things ________ (lose) never come again！” I couldn't help talking to myself.⑯Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.名师提醒：现在分词、动名词和过去分词作定语的比较：1．现在分词作定语或者表示所修饰的中心词性质或特点，或者表示中心词正在进行的动作。如：the interesting book那本有趣的书(现在分词表中心词书的特点)；the walking man那位正在走路的男士(现在分词表示中心词man正在进行的动作)。6.过去分词作表语[合作探究]The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。Later they found that they were lost.后来他们发现他们迷路了。We were amazed at the beauty of the lake.这个湖泊的美使我们大为惊奇。[用法归纳]过去分词作表语，表示主语处于某种状态。其主语常为人。(1)主要用在系动词be和连系动词look, sound, get, become, smell, taste, stay, remain等后。常见的作表语的过去分词有：delighted, excited, interested, disappointed, discouraged, puzzled, surprised, shocked, amazed, astonished, confused, amused, tired, bored, satisfied, pleased, married, worried, seated, drunk等。(2)get doneget done有两层含义：①表示某种结果，如get married (结婚), get changed (换衣服), get dressed (穿衣服), get lost (迷路), get washed (洗脸), get tired (累了)等。②表示被动关系，如get hurt/injured/wounded (受伤), get trapped/caught in (被困在), get paid (得到报酬)等。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________ (connect).②We got ________ (stick) in a traffic jam and therefore, we didn't arrive there on schedule.③A terrible accident happened near our school last night. Luckily, no one got ________ (hurt).④To our amazement, thousands of holidaymakers got ________ (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.⑤The children looked quite ________ (excite) when they heard the news.⑥The old man remained ________ (seat) when the German soldiers came in the church.⑦Robert got ________ (burn), but fortunately, the burn was not serious.⑧The party is informal, so you needn't ________________ (换衣服).⑨The two students ________________ (迷路) in the woods. What's worse, their cellphones were dead.⑩His car ________________________ (被困在) the mud, as a result, he had to go there on foot.名师提醒：连系动词look, sound, smell, taste等的主语都是以被“看”，被“听”，被“闻”，被“偿”，被“……”的人或物作主语的句子，表示“某人看上去如何如何”“某事听起来怎样”等等。如：He looks tired out.他看起来(是)疲惫了。Her voice sounds wonderful.她的嗓音听起来很妙。7.过去分词作宾语补足语[合作探究]When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。I want the letter posted.我想把这封信寄出去。She found her necklace gone on her way home.在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。[用法归纳]一般是及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动或完成含义，或两者意义都有。当动词的宾语与do之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且动作已经完成时，需用过去分词。(1)过去分词用在感官动词(词组)see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, observe, listen to后作宾语补足语。(2)过去分词用在have/get后作宾语补足语，表示两种含义：①让某人做某事②某人遭遇了不幸的事(3)过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave后作宾语补足语。(4)过去分词用在动词make后作宾语补足语。(5)过去分词用在want, wish, like, order等后作宾语补足语。(6)过去分词用在with复合结构中作宾语补足语。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①When we got to school, we found the door ________ (lock).②He had his bike ________ (repair) the day before yesterday.③William had his bike ________ (steal) last night.④I'm sorry I've left some of your questions ________ (unanswer).⑤She raised her voice to make herself ________ (hear).⑥He didn't want the problem ________ (discuss) at the moment.⑦With my work ________ (finish), I went to the library for some books.⑧Martin was listening attentively to the lecture, with his attention ________ (fix) on it.⑨If you ________________________ (发现自己受困) in a group of complainers in a meeting or at a social event, simply choose silence.⑩When Mr Green walked out of the bank, he ________________________________ (发现自己的车不见了).⑪The young man stood in the middle of the room, ______________________________ (他的双手被绑着) behind his back.⑫When we ______________________________ (看见路被堵) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.⑬Before driving into the city, you are required to ________________________ (让人洗车).名师提示：have/get＋宾语＋补足语有两种可能的含义：1．让某人做某事①I'm going to have/get all the letters mailed.我要去邮一些信。(自己寄或找人寄)②I must go to town to have my computer repaired.我得进城找人修理我的电脑。2．某人遭遇某种不幸的事①I had my bike broken on half way home.回家半路上，我的自行车坏了。(遭受某种不快或不幸，此时只能用have不能用get。)②On the bus, I had my pocket picked.在公交上，我的兜儿让人扒了。(遭遇不幸，只能用have)8.过去分词作状语[合作探究]Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(原因状语)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(条件状语)Asked about the matter, she kept silent.当被问及那个问题时，她默不作声。(时间状语)The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。(方式状语)He walked slowly in the forest, followed by a dog.他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语)[用法归纳](1)动词ed形式作状语可表示时间、结果、条件、原因、方式、让步、伴随等情况。这些分词(短语)可扩展成一个状语从句或并列分句。(2)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要和句子主语一致；过去分词作状语时分词前一般不用being。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Greatly ________ (inspire) by the achievements of our country, we are determined to study hard to serve it in the future.②________ (lose) in deep thought, William didn't notice his father come in.③Miss Lin stood in the middle of the office, ________ (surround) by some students.④________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.⑤The old couple, ________ (move) by his kindness, thanked him over and again.⑥________ (dress) elegantly, the host attracted the audience's interest straight away.⑦________ (tire) after a day's work, Jane didn't want to prepare dinner by herself.⑧Although ________ (disappoint) at the result, the coach didn't criticise the players.名师提示：过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语跟句子主语都是一致的，当不一致时，就应在过去分词前加上其独立的逻辑主语，构成独立主格形式，也可用with复合结构。如：The work done; we went home.(这里done的逻辑主语不能是we，而应是工作work)→With the work done, we went home.工作做完了，我们回家了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The police will come soon to take away the ________ (damage) car.2．When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women ________ (argue).3．Don't have the lights ________ (burn) all night. It will waste too much electricity.4．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.5．He got his tooth ________ (pull) out yesterday, for it troubled him a lot.6．Tom received a phone call from his mother ________ (say) that she would visit him this weekend.7．He often carefully watched the doctors in the ________ (operate) room.8．The children rushed out of the classroom, ________ (talk) about something happily.9．Not ________ (realise) that he had hurt Shirley, Jordan continued to shout at her.10．This is the statue of a brave soldier ________ (seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back.Ⅱ.完成句子1．要把那些事情做完。Don't ________________________．2．听到有人问他个人生活问题，他似乎有点尴尬。Hearing someone ask him about his personal life, he ________________________．3．受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。The ________________________ are now being taken good care of in the hospital.4．这将是这类小说中写得最好的。This will be the best novel of its kind ____________________．5．如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本可以表现得更好。________________________， the boy could have behaved better.6．因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。________________________， he didn't want to argue with him.7．被雨淋后他感冒了。He was caught in the rain, thus ________________________．8．我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。I ________________________ me on the shoulder.9．形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取某些措施。The situation ________________________ that something should be done at once.10．他看着电视机被搬出了房间。He ________________________ out of the room.Ⅲ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)1．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]We don't have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call ________ (say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was a joke.2．[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]On the last day of our weeklong stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.3．[2019·天津卷]Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.4．[2018·天津卷]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take).5．[2018·江苏卷]Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.6．[安徽卷]While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.7．[2016·浙江卷]To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.8．[2017·北京卷]Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.9．[四川卷]The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.10．[浙江卷]Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ (appoint) to guard her.11．[2018·浙江卷]But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got ________ (lose).12．[陕西卷]Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take) good care of at home.13．[2019·江苏卷]China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.14．[天津卷]Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.15．[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.Ⅳ.短文语法填空Once I was lucky enough to watch Charlie Chaplin 1.________ (make) one of his famous films. I observed him 2.________ (direct) as well as 3.________ (act) in it. He had a particular method of film 4.________ (make). He planned the story and then performed and 5.________ (film) each scene many times. I saw him 6.________ (make) each scene a little different. Then I found him 7.________ (pick) out the scenes he liked best and 8.________ (join) them together to make the film more 9.________ (entertain). It was an 10.________ (interest) experience as it was clear that he did not keep to a strict budget.Part Ⅲ 单元语法核心突破·要点讲解1．①interesting ②standing ③being built ④built ⑤to be built ⑥singing ⑦smelling ⑧showing ⑨saying ⑩watching2．①interesting ②disappointing ③shocking ④surprising⑤puzzling ⑥inspiring3．①lying fixed ②passing ③running ④playing ⑤coming⑥moving ⑦hear it being performed ⑧With water covering4．①causing ②staring ③having set ④visiting ⑤speaking⑥Hearing ⑦knowing ⑧Seeing ⑨Having made ⑩Going⑪Having been given5．①advertised ②known ③built ④given ⑤written ⑥shocked⑦selected ⑧seated ⑨found ⑩blown ⑪allowed ⑫developed ⑬provided ⑭puzzled ⑮lost ⑯founded6．①connected ②stuck ③hurt ④stuck ⑤excited ⑥seated ⑦burnt ⑧get changed ⑨got lost ⑩was stuck in/got trapped in/got caught in7．①locked ②repaired ③stolen ④unanswered ⑤heard⑥discussed ⑦finished ⑧fixed ⑨find yourself trapped⑩found his car gone/lost ⑪with his hands tied ⑫saw the road blocked ⑬get your car washed8．①inspired ②Lost ③surrounded ④Absorbed ⑤moved⑥Dressed ⑦Tired ⑧disappointed夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.1．damaged 2.arguing 3.burning 4.developed 5.pulled6．saying 7.operating 8.talking 9.realising 10.seatedⅡ.1．leave those things undone 2.seemed embarrassed 3.injured workers 4.ever written 5.Given more encouragement 6.Respecting his father 7.making himself catch a cold 8.felt someone patting 9.became so worrying 10.watched the TV set carriedⅢ.1．答案与解析：saying a call与say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作定语。句意：我们不知道是谁给奶奶报名的。当我们接到电话说她被列入候选名单时，我们以为这是个玩笑。2．答案与解析：listening we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作状语。句意：在我们逗留一周的最后一天，我们被邀请参加在北岸的一个美丽的农场举行的一场私人音乐会，在星空下聆听音乐家的演奏，并会见有趣的当地人。3．答案与解析：designed a course与design之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：现在，大多数大学都为一年级学生提供一门专为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。4．答案与解析：taken my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：我需要一本新护照，所以我得去让人给我照相。5．答案与解析：exceeding 逗号前的句子与exceed之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意：在这期间创造了大约13500个新职位，超过了市场分析员所认为的12000人的预期数量。6．答案与解析：promoted Henry与promote之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。get done表示被动。句意：在等待升职机会的同时，亨利尽了最大努力履行他的职责。7．答案与解析：conducted a study与conduct之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：回到水污染问题，我想让你们看看2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。8．答案与解析：spent the happy time与spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。9．答案与解析：developed many new products与develop之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作宾语补足语。句意：经理看到经过极大的努力后许多新产品被开发出来，感到很满意。10．答案与解析：appointed a nurse与appoint之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作定语。句意：阿米·萨蒙身受残疾，她上学的整段时间都由一名指定的护士来照料。11．答案与解析：lost get lost迷路。过去分词作表语。句意：但在我们从马上跳下来之前，我们发现自己偏离了常规路线，迷了路。12．答案与解析：taken his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作宾语补足语。句意：李博士从他在非洲的两年医疗服务回来，看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。13．答案与解析：recognizing more countries与recognize之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作宾语补足语。句意：随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳步提升。14．答案与解析：written the book与write之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。本句中过去分词短语作状语。句意：这本书写得既清楚又有思想，激发了学生们的信心，他们希望找到自己的答案。15．答案与解析：feeding China与feed之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。本句中现在分词短语作状语。句意：(世界)银行的Juergen Voegele说，中国在保护环境的同时养活本国公民的做法“为世界各地的农业和食品政策制定者提供了有益的经验教训”。 学习现在分词和过去分词的用法过去分词作定语(done)表示被动动作已完成The stadium built last year is the biggest one in our city.去年建造的体育场是我们市最大的一个。现在分词的被动式作定语(beingdone)表示被动动作正在发生The stadium being built now will be the biggest one in our city.现在正在被建造的体育场将是我们市最大的一个。动词不定式的被动式作定语(to bedone)表示被动动作将要发生The stadium to be built next year will be the biggest one in our city.明年将要建造的体育场将是我们市最大的一个。一般式(doing)表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式(having done)表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前主动式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系被动式和逻辑主语之间是被动关系
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