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新教材2023版高中英语Unit8GreenLivingPartⅥWritingWorkshop～CheckYourProgress学案北师大版必修第三册
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这是一份新教材2023版高中英语Unit8GreenLivingPartⅥWritingWorkshop～CheckYourProgress学案北师大版必修第三册，共25页。
Part Ⅵ Writing Workshop～Check Your Progress
学习目标
话题语境
绿色生活与环保
课时词汇
official, attitude, majority, sum, indicate, flooding, overflow
常用短语
take part in, cut back on, make the best of, a wide range of, focus on, in place, on purpose
重点句式
as引导的定语从句
单词巧练 写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________vt. 概括，总结
2．________vt. 表明；显示
3．________adv. 每年；一年一度地
4．________n. 污染物
5．________vi. &vt. 满是，有许多；泛滥
6．________n. 居民
7．________n. 官员，高级职员
adj. 公务的；官方的
8．________n. 看法；态度
9．________adj. 塑料制的
10．________n. 大多数
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．Research ________ (表明) that eating habits are changing fast.
2．Ninety percent of American rubbish is dumped in ________ (废弃物填埋场) sites.
3．Your starting salary is 13，000 per month and will be reviewed ________ (每年).
4．The milk ________ (满得溢出) when I poured it into the jug.
5．Interest rates are expected to rise by one ________ (百分比) point.
6．There were arguments between local r________ and the police.
7．If you want to pass your exams you'd better change your a________！
8．Many items in daily use are made out of p________．
9．This treatment is not a________ in the vast majority of hospitals.
10．S________ up your views in a few words.
►第一版块：重点单词
1.official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的
(教材P40)Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.去年8月，市政府官员采访了大约500名居民，了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取了哪些行动。
[用法归纳]
official languages 官方语言
an official announcement/statement 官方公告/声明
make an official visit 进行正式访问
a government official 政府官员
an official letter 一封正式信函
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The man was ________ (official) recognised as the new record holder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different Tshirts in less than two hours.
②Last week some city ________ (official) suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place.
③It is for this reason that Spanish is ____________________________ (主要的官方语言) of Peru.
④He ____________________________ (正式访问) France in March last year.
⑤John has really got the job because he showed me ____________________ (正式信函) offering him the job.
词语拓展：
1．officially adv.正式地；官方地；公开地
2．adj.＋后缀ly→副词
abnormal＋ly→abnormally反常地，不规则地
comfortable＋ly→comfortably舒适地
clumsy＋ly→clumsily笨拙地
academical＋ly→acadenically学术上
basical＋ly→basically基本上
3．以ly结尾的形容词
lovely可爱的
friendly友好的
cowardly怯懦的
motherly母亲般的
brotherly兄弟般的
womanly像女人般的
leisurely悠闲的
4．与形容词同形的副词
alike adj.相似的 adv.类似地
downtown adj.市里的 adv.在市区
early adj.早的 adv.早
hard adj.硬的 adv.努力地
late adj.已故的 adv.迟到
2.attitude n．看法；态度
(教材P40)Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.去年8月，市政府官员采访了大约500名居民，以便了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取了哪些行动。
[合作探究]体会attitude的用法和意义
Attitude is everything.态度决定一切。
We should develop a good attitude to/towards life.
我们应该树立良好的生活态度。
She has/takes a very positive attitude to/towards her work.
她工作态度非常积极。
[用法归纳]
an attitude to/towards 对……的态度(to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语)
have/take/adopt an attitude towards... 对……持某种态度
an attitude of mind 心态问题
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
①In my opinion, it is necessary to hold an objective attitude ________ ratings.
②His attitude to ________ (protect) the wild animals is very firm.
③Only when you take a positive attitude ________ the project will you enjoy the whole process.
④I dislike him because he always ________________________________ (对……有不好的态度) the people around him.
⑤People ________________________________ (对生活持积极态度) are more likely to succeed.
⑥他对工作认真的态度给我留下了深刻的印象。
________________________________________________________________________
一言助记：
As the saying goes, attitude determines altitude. Nothing is too difficult if you set your mind to it.俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。
易混词语：
1．adapt vt.使适应/适应
He adapted his lecture to his audience.他使自己的演说适合听众。
He knew how to adapt himself to the surroundings.他懂得如何使自己适应周围环境。
2．be adapted from...由……改编而来
This play is adapted from a French comedy.这个剧本是从一个法国喜剧改编来的。
He want to adapt his new novel to a TV play.他想把他的新小说改编成一部电视剧。
3．adpot vt.采纳；收养
We are going to adopt his suggestion.我们打算采纳他的建议。
The woman has no ability to bear a child of her own, so he wants to adopt an orphan.那位妇女没有生育能力所以她想收养个孤儿。
3.majority n．大多数
(教材P40)Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked.此外，大多数居民骑自行车或步行。
[合作探究]体会majority的用法和意义
The majority of Chinese people have television.
中国大多数人都有电视。
Boys are in the majority in their class.
在他们班上，男孩占了大多数。
She majored in maths and physics at university.
她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
[用法归纳]
(1)the majority of... 大多数……(作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的单复数保持一致)
be in the/a majority 占大多数(常作表语)
by/with a majority of... 以大多数……
(2)major in 主修……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
①The ________ (major) of students are for the decision.
②When I was at university, I majored ________ English.
③In the teaching profession, women are in ________ majority.
④Their victory in America was still remembered as ________________________ (一个主要的转折点) in the history of rock and roll.
⑤Onethird of the country is covered with trees and ________________________ (大多数) the citizens are black people.
⑥她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
major adj.主要的；重要的；大的
n．主修课程；主修学生
vi.主修；专门研究
词语助记：
易错提醒：
The majority of water on the earth is in the sea.大部分的水处于海洋之中。
The majority of students work hard.大多数学生努力学习。
“总之/总而言之”小结：
in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in sum, to sum up
4．sum vt.概括，总结 n．和；总数；金额
(教材P40)To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.总之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白有必要帮助保护环境。
[用法归纳]
sum up/sum sth. up 总计；概括
to sum up 总之(作插入语)
in sum 总之；总而言之
a large sum of 许多，大量
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
[即学即练] 完成句子
①________________________ (总之), we have achieved a lot, but we still need to work harder.
②It is important to remember that success is ________________________ (一些) small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.
③His uncle gave him ________________________________ (一大笔钱) to help him set up his own company.
④________________ (总之), your son is really a good boy.
5.indicate vt.表明；显示
(教材P40)This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.这表明居民需要更多地关注这两项活动。
[用法归纳]
(1)indicate that/whether... 表明……；示意……
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意某事，向某人暗示某事
(2)indication n. 象征；表明；迹象
give an indication 显示
indicator n. 指示物；指标
indicative adj. 指示的；象征的；表明的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is a great deal of evidence ________ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
②Forms will be available in school and online for them ________ (indicate) their choices and return to school.
③The President appeared at the party, ________ (indicate) that he had recovered from his illness.
④The environmentalists said that wild goats' appearance on the vast grasslands was a good ________ (indicate) of the better environment.
名师例证：
1．The arrow on a sign indicates the way to go.牌子上的箭头指明道路的方向。(指示，指出)
2．Progress indicates a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment.进步表明一个人改变目前生活方式的能力。(表明，显示)
3．In his letter, he indicated his willingness to cooperate.他在信中表示愿意合作。(示意，暗示)
He smiles and nods, indicating that everything is fine.他微笑又点头，暗示一切顺利。(暗示)
6.flooding n．水灾，洪水泛滥
(教材P44)This resulted in the flooding of the River Po near Turin in Italy.这导致意大利都灵附近的波河洪水泛滥。
[用法归纳]
(1)flood n. 洪水
vt. (水)淹；淹没
a flood of 大量的
in flood (河流)涨潮；涨水
in flood of tears 泪流如注；大哭
flood in 涌入
(2)flooded adj. 被淹的；被淹没的
be flooded with 充满
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Even though there is still a lot of ________ (flood), I believe yesterday was more dangerous than today.
②Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after ________ (flood).
③Farmers, as well as ________________________ (大量的) foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.
④When Anna heard the bad news, her eyes ________________________ (充满) tears.
⑤Mrs Brown stood there, ________________________ (充满了痛苦).
名师例证：
1．Heavy rainfalls flooded the village.大雨淹了这个村庄。
2．After the flood, hundreds of homeless people needed to be rescued.洪水过去，许多无家可归的人需要救助。
3．He received a flood of letters on his birthday.生日那天他收到了大量的来信。
4．The place was flooded with light.那地方十分光亮。
5．Applicators flooded in to the office.申请者涌入办公室。
6．The child was in flood of tears.那孩子哭成了泪人儿。
7．The river is in flood.现在河水泛滥了。
7.overflow vi. &vt.满是，有许多；泛滥
(教材P45)．..the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves.……解决废物填埋池溢出问题最有效的方法是鼓励人们担负起减少他们自己产生的废物的责任。
[用法归纳]
overflow into... 流向……
overflow with... 溢出；充满
[即学即练] 翻译句子
①牛奶溢满了杯子，所以现在不要碰它。
________________________________________________________________________
②洪水很快淹没了山谷。
________________________________________________________________________
③大厅里挤满了学生，有些人不得不站在外面。
________________________________________________________________________
④我们的英语老师很善良，充满了爱心。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤不要过度使用手机，否则会对你的眼睛造成伤害。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
前缀是over的单词：
overtake超车；赶上
overdo把……做得过分
overhear偶然听到
overuse过度使用
overlook忽视；不理睬
overthrow推翻；使下台
overwork工作过度
overcrowd使过度拥挤；把……塞得过满
overlook忽略，俯瞰
overtalk讲话过多
overset打翻，推翻；为……排版过密
overproduce过度生产
“导致，促成”短语总结
cause; lead to; bring about; result in; contribut to
8．contribute vt. &vi.捐献；捐赠；增加，撰稿
contribution n. [C]捐款；贡献，稿件[U]捐赠，捐款
[用法归纳]
contribute (sth.) to/towards sth. 给……捐献/捐赠某物
contribute to 增加，增添；促成某事
contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿
make a contribution to... 为……做贡献；给……捐款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many warmhearted people contributed some money ________ the sick girl.
②He made an outstanding ________ (contribute) to science.
③I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to ________ (solve) the problem.
►第二版块：重点短语
1.take part in参加
(教材P40)More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.参加调查的人中，有一半以上在近一个月中完成了五项活动中的四项。
[合作探究]
A reception was held the other day, but few people took part.
几天前举行了一次招待会，但是参加的人不多。
He takes an active part in the social benefit activities.
他积极参加社会公益活动。
Friends play an important part in our lives.朋友在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。
[用法归纳]
take part in sth. 参加(无宾语时，不用in)
take an active part in sth. 积极参加(当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词)
play a part in... 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
play an important part in... 在……中起重要作用；在……中扮演重要角色
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/选词填空(take part in/join in/attend)/完成句子
①But Sarah, who has taken part ________ shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
②We are talking about how to protect the environment. Would you like to join ________ our discussion?
③Nowadays, the Internet plays ________ very important part in our life and work.
④My sister ________ the League last month and she has decided to ________ the activities to help the aged in town as a volunteer.
⑤Ten strong young Chinese students are required to ________ the boat race.
⑥You can enjoy matches without ________ a club or belonging to a team.
⑦My teacher gave me a chance to ________________ (参加) designing the class poster.
⑧Many athletes are dreaming of __________________________ (参加) the Olympic Games.
⑨They organised a debate, but I ________________________ (没有参加).
⑩Nowadays women ______________________________ (正积极参加) social activities.
易混辨析：
(1)take part in指参加群众性活动，并发挥一定的作用
take part in a sports meeting参加运动会
(2)join in指参加正在进行着的活动，常可与take part in换用
join in the conversation/discussion参与交谈/讨论
(3)join指加入某团体或组织，成为其中的一员，也可指加入某人的行列
join the army/the Party参军/入党
join us in the game和我们一起做游戏
(4)attend指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或上课、上学
attend a meeting/ceremony/lecture参加会议/典礼/讲座
attend class/college上课/上大学
一言助记：
My brother attended a law school after he left middle school. Yesterday he took part in the meeting held in his class. He joined in the discussion whether they would join a theatre club. At last, most students signed up for it, including my brother.我的哥哥中学毕业后上了一所法律学校。昨天，他参加了一场在他班举行的会议。他参与讨论了他们是否应该加入一个戏剧俱乐部。最后，大多数学生报名参加了，也包括我的哥哥。
2.cut back on(大量)削减，缩减＝cut sth. back
(教材P40)．..and more than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging, such as plastic honey bottles, and butter and yoghurt containers.……超过三分之二(70%)的人曾试图减少一次性包装的使用，如塑料蜂蜜瓶、黄油和酸奶容器。
[合作探究]
He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.他试图少抽烟，但没成功。
Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。
With the main highway cut off, there's no connection to the rest of the country.
随着主要公路被切断，那里跟这个国家的其他城市没有任何的联系。
I suggest that you cut out the unimportant details.我建议你删除这些不重要的细节。
[用法归纳]
cut across 走捷径；抄近路穿过
cut in 插嘴；插入
cut off 切下；剪下；砍下；打断(某人讲话)；
使……与外界隔绝
cut into 打断
cut down 砍倒；删节；削减
cut down on 减少；缩减
cut up 切碎
cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下，裁剪
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The Smiths are not rich, so they have to cut back ________ many things.
②In my opinion, you should give up smoking and cut down ________ drinking.
③My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut ________．
④I found I had to ________________________ (减少) a lot of things, including food.
⑤Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely ________________________ (与……隔绝) the outside world.
⑥I like this article so much that I ________________________ (从……剪下来) the newspaper.
名师提示：
cut为不规则变化动词，其过去式、过去分词和ing形式为cut, cut, cutting。此为A—A—A类动词变化形式，此类变化的动词还有：
cast cast→cast
burst burst→burst
broadcast broadcast broadcast
bust bust bust
cost cost cost
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
inset inset inset
let let let
set set set
shed shed shed
split split split
spread spread spread
thrust thrust thrust
wet wet wet
3.lead to引起；导致；通向，通往
(教材P43)If the waste is not disposed of properly, it can lead to disease, pollution and other environmental issues.如果废物处理不当，会导致疾病、污染和其他环境问题。
[用法归纳]
(1)lead to中的to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。相当于短语result in.../contribute to。
(2)lead sb. across the street 引领某人横过马路
lead the class in science 理科在班上第一
lead sb. to the station 带某人到车站
(3)lead sb. to do sth. 带某人做某事
be in the lead in sth. 在……方面处于领先
lead sb. by the hand 牵着某人的手
(4)lead/live a．..life 过……生活
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Many of these chemicals can lead ________ cancer or other illnesses.
②The new evidence led to him ________ (arrest) by the police.
③Failure often lies in laziness while hard work ________ (lead) to success.
④Many graduates clearly do contribute ________ national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs.
⑤Experts say small talk is an invaluable social practice that results ________ big benefits.
⑥俗话说，条条大路通罗马。
________________________________________________________________________
知识拓展：
以介词to结尾的动词短语：
look forward to盼望；期待
get down to认真做某事
devote...to致力于；奉献于
stick to坚持
be/get/become used/accustomed to习惯于
4.make the best of充分利用
(教材P43)They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.他们也为其他人树立了一个很好的榜样，让他们知道如何在糟糕的情况下做到最好。
[用法归纳]
(1)make the best/the most of 充分利用
make full use of 充分利用
make good use of 好好利用
(2)use sth. to do... 用……做……
be used to do... 被用来做……
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于……
used to do... 过去常常做……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class, so I decided to make ________ best of it.
②My parents and I are flying to London for our holidays and I'll make use ________ the chance to practice my spoken English.
③考试前你必须好好利用每一分钟。
________________________________________________________________________
④我将充分利用我的业余时间来扩大我的词汇量。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
利用种种use, utilize, make use of, take advantage of, make main use of等
名师例证：
①In the past I used to play football on the playground after school and didn't do my homework/assignment.
②My afterschool time was used to play so I didn't passed the exams in the final exam of the last term.
③I have to make use of the summer holiday to make up my lessons.
④Next term I'll work hard and after a time I'll get used to finishing my homework after school.
5.a wide range of一系列的；各种各样的
(教材P44)Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems. Sea levels are rising due to the melting of polar ice sheets.全球变暖已经引起了广泛的问题，由于极地冰原的融化，海平面正在上升。
[用法归纳]
a mountain range 山脉
a range of services 一系列服务
in/within range of 在……的范围内
out of/beyond range of 超出……的范围
range from A to B 在A到B之间变化；包括从A到B之间的各种事物
range between A and B 在A到B之间变化
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create ________ wide range of career possibilities.
②The two leaders talked about lots of topics, ________ (range) from peace to education.
③It is very easy to find a table ________ our price range in this shop.
④Thanks to the Internet, we can do ________________________________ (各种各样的) things online.
⑤The football team contained ten players whose ages ____________________________ (在10到15岁之间).
名师点拨：
a range of中range前可用wide/broad修饰，表示范围大。
教师例证：
1．The prices of the houses range from $20，000 to 30，000.这些房子的价格从2万美元到3万美元不等。(变动，变化)
2．Our prices range from one shilling upward.我们的价格是从一先令起。(v.变动)
3．The general ranged his troops.将军把他的队伍排列/集合好。(range v．排列；排序)
6.focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于，关注
(教材P47)Some city planners have said that the bikesharing system is too expensive and we should focus on things like cheaper buses.一些城市规划者说，自行车共享系统太贵了，我们应该把重点放在像公共汽车这一类更便宜的事物上。
[用法归纳]
fix one's attention on 把某人的注意力集中于
focus one's mind/eyes/energy on 集中某人的心思/目光/精力于……
put one's heart into 全神贯注于
concentrate on 集中(注意力、精力)于
pay attention to 注意
keep sth. focused on 使……集中于
bring sth. into focus 使某事成为关注焦点
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In 2013, Lang Lang became a Messenger of Peace of the UN, ________ (focus) on global education.
②As an art lover who took up learning at the age of five, I prefer that your lecture should focus ________ Western painting.
③With his attention ________ (focus) on the match, he didn't notice that it was getting late.
④He would rather ________________ (集中精力于) his research than give speeches all around the world.
⑤He sat silently by the window, with his eyes ________________ (集中于) the beautiful scenery outside.
⑥In the past, they ________________________ (集中保持) their soil rich and free of diseases.
名师例证：
1．The case of Guo Meimei has been brought into focus in 2011.2011年郭美美事件成为人们关心的焦点。
2．The photographer adjusted the focus of his camera.那摄影师调整了照相机的焦距。
3．We must focus our attention on/upon urgent problems.我们必须把注意力集中在紧急的问题上。
4．Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep the problems focused on for more than an hour at a time.我一直处于焦虑状态，每次对这些问题的关注不超过一小时。
7.in place在适当的位置；合适；准备就绪
(教材P47)For example, in some cities where bikesharing systems are in place, some people have damaged the bikes on purpose, which increases costs.例如，在一些自行车共享系统已经就位的城市中，一些人故意损坏自行车，这增加了成本。
[用法归纳]
out of place 不在适当的位置；不合适的
in place of 代替；取代(无冠词)
take the place of 代替；取代(有冠词)
take sb.'s place 代替；取代
take one's place 就座
take place 发生；举行
replace A with/by B 用B代替/替换A
replace...as... 作为……取代……
[即学即练] 写出下句中in place的意思/完成句子
①Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.____________
②His behaviour was not in place at the party yesterday.____________
③The arrangements for the art festival next weekend are all in place.____________
④The furniture, with its modern style and bright colours, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks ________________________ (不合适) in the garden of a traditional home.
⑤Watching television ________________________ (代替) similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio.
⑥Great changes ________________________ (发生) in the way people communicate in recent years.
易混比较：
1.
e.g. ①Don't take anything away. Father likes everything to be in place.不要拿走任何东西，父亲喜欢所有东西都摆放合适。
②Her dress was out of place at the ceremany.她的服装在那典礼上穿不适合。
2．take the place of sb.替代某人
＝take sb.'s place替代某人(sb.不能与主语指代同一人)
take one's place就座(注意：one's必须与主语指代同一人)e.g.①Mr Li is ill today, so I have to be here to take his place/the place of him．李老师今天病了，因此我不得不来这儿替他。
②After all of the leaders took their place, the meeting began.在所有的领导们就座之后，会议开始了。(注意：their指代主语the leaders)
8.on purpose故意地；有意地
(教材P47)For example, in some cities where bikesharing systems are in place, some people have damaged the bikes on purpose, which increases costs.例如，在一些自行车共享系统已经就位的城市中，一些人故意损坏自行车，这增加了成本。
[用法归纳]
(1)同义词语：by design; deliberately; designedly故意地，有意地
(2)反义词语：by accident; by chance; accidentally; unexpectedly (偶然地，意外地)
(3)for/with the purpose of目的是……，为了……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled ________ purpose.
②It is possible that the famous writer left his overcoat in the hotel ________ accident.
③Mark made much noise ________________ (故意地) so that he could attract Helen's attention.
④Mary came to New York after graduation ____________________________ (为了) getting a wellpaid job.
⑤As far as I'm concerned, Martin didn't upset you ________________ (故意地).
名师例证：
1．The meeting was held for the purpose of electing officers.这次会议是为了选举官员。
2．Sorry, I didn't break the plate on purpose.对不起，我不是故意打破盘子的。
3．They came to Beijing with the purpose of seeking good job opportunities.他们来北京是为了寻找好的工作机会。
9.result in导致；结果是(＝lead to)
[用法归纳]
result from 起因于；由……造成
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 作为……的结果；因为(＝because of)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/用result in和result from的适当形式填空
①His illness resulted ________ bad food.
②He was late as a result ________ the snow.
③As ________ result, she had to leave.
④The accident resulted ________ the death of two passengers.
⑤The traffic accident ________________ a lot of death and the destruction of several vehicles.
⑥The injure ________________ a fall kept him in bed for months.
名师例证：
1．The results will be published tomorrow.成绩明天公布。
2．Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.艾丽丝今天早上睡过了头，结果她上班迟到了。
3．He was late as a result of the traffic jam (＝The traffic jam result in his being late.)因为交通阻塞他迟到了。
4．He being late resulted from the traffic jam.他迟到起因于交通阻塞。
►第三版块：重点句式
1.as引导的定语从句
(教材P40)As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。
[句式分析]
as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，as意为“正如，正像”。
[用法归纳]
as引导的定语从句通常有以下固定的表达：
as we all know 正如大家所知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们所预料的
as you see 这一点你明白
as has been said before 如前所述
as is wellknown 众所周知
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as is often the case (对……而言)这是常有的事
as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
①The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
②If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits ________ other sports, so perhaps we should all give it a try.
He was late for class, as is often the case (with him).他上课迟到了，(对他来说)这是常有的事儿。③________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
④没有简单的答案，在科学上情况通常是这样。
There is no simple answer, ________________________ in science.
⑤众所周知，月球每月绕地球一周。
________________________， the moon travels round the earth once every month.
⑥正如报道的那样，清华大学自建校以来已有100多年的历史。
________________________， it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
⑦It is known to us all that Beijing & Zhangjiakou will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
→________________________， Beijing & Zhangjiakou will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
名师点拨：
1．当主句的先行词被the same, as, such, so等修饰时，要用as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
e．g. I have seen the same film as you talked about.我已看过你所谈到的同样的电影。
2．as代表先行句引导一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词进行解释说明。如：
As we had expected before, no one was willing to criticise him at the meeting in face.正如我们事先预料的那样，没有人愿意在会议上当面批评他。
2.It seems that...
[句式分析]
此句型意为“好像……”，seem为连系动词，that引导表语从句。如：To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
[用法归纳]
(1)sb. seems＋形容词/名词
sb. seems to be＋形容词/名词
sb. seems to be doing sth./sb. seems to have done sth.
(2)It seems that sb. is＋形容词/名词
It seems that sb. is doing sth.
It seems that sb. has done sth.
(3)It seems to sb. that sth. is...
It seems so看来如此。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我好像没有时间锻炼。
It seems ______________________________________．
②关于我们的计划，他好像什么都知道了。
It seems ______________________________________．
③似乎样样事情都已经被改变了。
It seems that ______________________________________．
词语拓展：
appear一词的类似用法
(1)sb. appears＋(to be)adj./n.
She appears (to be) happy today.她看来今天很高兴。
She appears a friendly person.她看起来是个友好的人士。
(2)appear to do sth.
They appeared to have a good time.他们看起来玩得很开心。
(3)It appears that...
It appears that he is a student.看来他是个学生。
(4)It appears to sb. that...
It appears to him that we are rich and fortunate.在他看来我们既富有又幸运。
Actions Taken by City Residents① toHelp Protect the Environment
Last August, city officials② interviewed③ about 500 residents to find out④ people's attitudes⑤ to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. 【1】 Here are the results：
【1】to find out...是不定式短语作目的状语，what引导的是宾语从句。
As the diagram⑥ shows, the percentage⑦ of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as⑧ 96%. 【2】 Very few (4%) felt it was not necessary. More than half of those who took part in⑨ the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month. Around 90% had tried to recycle waste such as glass, metal and paper; and more than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on⑩ the use of disposable⑪packaging⑫， such as plastic⑬honey⑭ bottles, and butter⑮ and yoghurt⑯containers⑰. Also, the majority⑱ of residents had cycled or walked.
【2】as引导的是定语从句，as the diagram shows“如图所示”，主句中包含who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。在定语从句中又包含that引导的宾语从句。
▲Survey taken last August at SummerFunFestival by city officials. It involved 496 city residents (15 years of age and older).
Unfortunately, not as many who took part had taken action to save water and energy in their homes. Just under 40% (38%) tried to save water when they were washing dishes or taking showers. Just over half (51%) tried to save energy by reducing the use of air conditioning⑲ or turning off lights.
To sum up⑳， it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.【3】 Most of them tried to recycle waste, ride bikes or walk, and reduce the use of disposable packaging. However, not as many were saving water and energy. This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.
【3】it seems that...是固定句型，意为“似乎是……”，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词all。
[词语积累]
①resident/'rezɪdənt/n.居民
②official/ə'fɪʃəl/n.高级职员
adj.公务的；官方的
officially adv.官方地；正式地
③interview/'intəvjuː/ vt.采访
interviewee n．被接见者
interviewer n．面试官；接见者；采访者
④find out查明；弄清楚
⑤attitude/'ætɪtjuːd/n.看法；态度
attitude to/towards对……的态度
⑥diagram/'daɪəɡræm/n.图解，示意图
⑦percentage/pə'sentɪdʒ/n.百分比，百分率
⑧as high as高达
as long as长达
as early as早在
⑨take part (in)参加
join加入(组织)
attend参加(会议、婚礼等)
join in加入(活动)
⑩cut back on削减；缩减
cut down砍倒；减少；削减
cut down on削减；减少
⑪disposable/dɪ'spəʊzəbəl/adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的
dispose v．布置；安排
be disposed of处理；解决
⑫packaging/'pækɪdʒɪŋ/n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
⑬plastic/'plæstɪk/adj.塑料制的
⑭honey/'hʌni/n.蜂蜜
⑮butter/'bʌtə/n.黄油，牛油
⑯yoghurt/'jɒɡət/n.酸奶
⑰container/kən'teɪnə/n.容器
contain vt.包含，容纳
⑱majority/mə'dʒɒrɪti/n.大多数
the majority of大多数的
major v．主修
major in主修……
⑲air conditioning/'eə kənˌdɪʃənɪŋ/n.空调系统
⑳sum/sʌm/vt.概括；总结
to sum up总之
a large sum of一笔大数目
take care of关心；照顾；关注
look after关心；照顾
indicate/'ɪndɪkeɪt/vt.表明；显示
pay attention to注意(to是介词)
市民为帮助保护环境而采
取的行动
去年8月，市政府官员采访了大约500名居民，了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取了哪些行动。以下是调查结果：
如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。很少人(4%)认为没有必要。参加调查的人中，有一半以上在近一个月中完成了五项活动中的四项。约90%的人曾尽力回收玻璃、金属及纸张等废品；超过三分之二(70%)的人曾试图减少一次性包装的使用，如塑料蜂蜜瓶、黄油和酸奶容器。此外，大多数居民也骑自行车或步行。
帮助保护环境有必要吗？
减少使用一次性包装
骑自行车或步行
减少使用灯和空调
在洗碗和洗澡时节约用水
回收废品
▲去年8月，城市官员在夏季娱乐节进行了调查，调查涉及496名市民(15岁及以上)。
不幸的是，没有那么多的参与者采取行动，在他们的家中节约水和能源。只有不到40%(38%)的人在洗碗或洗澡时尽量节约用水。仅有过半(51%)的人试图通过减少使用空调或关灯来节约能源。
总之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白有必要帮助保护环境。他们大多试图回收废品、骑自行车或步行，并减少使用一次性的包装。然而，没有那么多人正在节约水和能源。这表明居民需要更多地关注这两项活动。
Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．削减，缩减 ________________
2．总之 ________________
3．结束 ________________
4．处理 ________________
5．导致 ________________
6．对付 ________________
7．以……代价 ________________
8．一系列 ________________
9．除……之外 ________________
10．为……负责 ________________
11．……的百分比 ________________
12．高达 ________________
13．超过一半的 ________________
14．……的大多数 ________________
15．不如……多 ________________
16．几乎所有的 ________________
17．大约90% ________________
18．大部分…… ________________
19．刚好低于/刚好高于 ________________
20．参加 ________________
Ⅱ.练句子：阅读本课时内容，翻译相关句子
1．如果垃圾得不到恰当地处理，它会导致疾病、污染和其他的环境问题。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．尽管这是一个大问题，但是很多当地社区正在想出解决他们自己的垃圾的办法。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．大多数人看到的是一个问题，而一些聪明的人看到了机会。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．在香港，据预测三个现有垃圾填埋场将在未来十年内被填满。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人们的比例高达96%。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．总之，似乎几乎所有参加的人们都理解需要帮助保护环境。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．在欧洲，在回收利用方面，瑞典正在树立一个伟大的榜样。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.题组练习：根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题
1．单句语法填空
(1)It is reported that women are ________ the majority in online shopping.
(2)The majority of children in our class ________ (have) blue eyes.
(3)I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored ________ information management.
(4)The majority ________ in favour of the proposal.
2．完成句子
(1)研究结果显示超过81%的教师对他们的薪水不满意。
________________ over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.
(2)调查显示，越来越多的人选择出国旅游。
________________， more and more people choose to travel abroad.
(3)有明显的迹象显示经济正在改善。
________________ the economy is improving.
3．选词填空(power, energy, force, strength)
(1)A car needs a lot of ________ to go fast.
(2)He hasn't got enough ________ to get out of bed.
(3)We had to use ________ to get into the house.
(4)The work took me a lot of ________．
4．完成句子/翻译句子
(1)The shop keeps ______________________ (商品品种多).
(2)________________________ (年龄范围) is from six to twelve years old.
(3)The temperature ________________________ (在15度到35度之间).
(4)在这个价格范围之内的房子已售完。(within)
________________________________________________________________________
(5)那个孩子现在已经走出了他的视线。(out)
________________________________________________________________________
(6)有120名学生，年龄在10岁到18岁之间。(range v．)
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)
1．[2018·天津卷]Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute ________ the solution.
2．[2017·北京卷]The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
3．[2016·江苏卷]Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface ________ (flood) and other disasters.
4．[重庆卷]Apart ________ an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest wins silent.
5．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]The coach is able to focus ________ the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.
6．[2019·江苏卷]We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes ________ brain power, more must be better.
7．[2016·全国Ⅰ卷]The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
8．[2019·北京卷]Students should have a proper attitude ________ college before thinking about which college to attend.
9．[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]You will be able to take part ________ a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.
10．[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]Some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and ________ (indicate) how parents might help encourage more reading.
11．[2016·北京卷]As the quality of risktaking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended ________ with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
12．[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]It clearly showed that while likability can lead ________ healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.
Ⅴ.短文语法填空
It is a global problem 1.________ (deal) with waste but Sweden recycles most of its household waste, 2.________ (leave) less than 1% of its waste to go into landfills. It has 32 cleanburning wastetoenergy plants, 3.________ turns around half of its waste into energy and it gets scrap metal, plastic, glass and food scraps 4.________ (recycle) because they can't be burned. Because there isn't enough waste for its plants, Sweden begins to import waste from other European 5.________ (country), which leads to a winwin result.
In Africa, a large quantity of waste 6.________ (produce) each year. There is no doubt that it will result in disease, pollution and other environmental issues if it isn't disposed of 7.________ (effective). So some wise people see 8.________ business chance in it. Many businesses are making profits from
dealing with the waste. Some products such as schoolbags and footwear are being produced 9.________ plastic or old car tyres and clothing.
No matter where these businesses are, they are reducing the waste and making the world a 10.________ (good) place to live in.
Part Ⅵ Writing Workshop～Check Your Progress
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．sum 2.indicate 3.annually 4.pollutant 5.overflow
6．resident 7.official 8.attitude 9.plastic 10.majority
Ⅱ.
1．indicates 2.landfill 3.annually 4.overflowed 5.percentage 6.residents 7.attitude 8.plastic 9.available 10.Sum
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词
1．①officially ②officials ③the main official language ④made an official visit to ⑤the official letter
2．①to/towards ②protecting ③to/towards ④has a bad attitude to/towards ⑤with a positive attitude towards life ⑥I am greatly impressed with/by his serious attitude to/towards his work./His serious attitude to/towards his work greatly impressed me./His serious attitude to/towards his work made a great impression on me.
3．①majority ②in ③a/the ④a major turning point ⑤the majority of ⑥She played a major part in the success of the plan.
4．①To sum up ②a sum of ③a large sum of money ④In sum
5．①indicating ②to indicate ③indicating ④indication
6．①flooding ②floods ③a flood of ④were flooded with
⑤flooded with pain
7．①The milk is overflowing the cup, so don't touch it now. ②The flood overflowed the valley quickly. ③The hall was overflowing with students, and some had to stand outside. ④Our English teacher is kind and overflowes with love. ⑤Don't overuse the cellphone, or it will be harmful to your eyes.
8．①to ②contribution ③solving
►第二版块：重点短语
1．①in ②in ③a ④joined take part in ⑤take part in/join in ⑥joining ⑦take part in ⑧taking part in ⑨didn't take part
⑩are taking an active part in
2．①on ②on ③down ④cut back on ⑤cut off from ⑥cut it out of
3．①to ②being arrested ③leads ④to ⑤in ⑥Just as the saying goes, all roads lead to Rome.
4．①the ②of ③You must make good use of every minute before the examination. ④I will make full use of my spare time in order to enrich my vocabulary.
5．①a ②ranging ③in/within ④a wide/broad range of ⑤ranged between 10 and 15/ranged from 10 to 15
6．①focusing ②on ③focused ④focus on ⑤focused on
⑥focused on keeping
7．①在适当的位置 ②合适的 ③准备就绪 ④out of place
⑤takes the place of ⑥have taken place
8．①on ②by ③on purpose ④with/for the purpose of ⑤on purpose
9．①from ②of ③a ④in ⑤resulted in ⑥resulting from
►第三版块：重点句式
1．①as ②as ③As ④as is often the case ⑤As is known to everybody/As is wellknown ⑥As is reported ⑦As is known to us all
2．①that I have no time to exercise ②that he has learned everything about our plan ③everything has been changed
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．cut back on 2.to sum up 3.end up 4.dispose of 5.lead to 6.deal with 7.at a．..cost 8.a range of 9.apart from 10.take responsibility for 11.the percentage of 12.as high as 13.more than half of 14.the majority of... 15.not as many 16.almost all
17．around 90% 18.most of 19.just under/just over 20.take part (in)
Ⅱ.
1．If the waste is not disposed of properly, it can lead to disease, pollution and other environmental issues.
2．Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.
3．Where most people see a problem, a few clever individuals have seen opportunities.
4．In Hong Kong, it is predicted that the three existing landfills will be full within the next decade.
5．As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.
6．To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
7．In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example when it comes to recycling.
Ⅲ.
1．(1)in (2)have (3)in (4)was/were
2．(1)Research indicates that (2)As is indicated in the survey (3)There are clear indications that
3．(1)power (2)strength (3)force (4)energy
4．(1)a wide range of goods (2)The age range (3)ranges from 15 to 35 degrees (4)The houses within this price range are sold out. (5)The child is now out of his range of vision. (6)There are 120 students whose ages range from 10 to 18.
Ⅳ.
1．答案与解析：to contribute to是固定搭配，意为“引起；导致”。句意：可持续性正在成为一种必要。3D食物打印机可能有助于解决这一问题。
2．答案与解析：ranging a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：国家公园有大量野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象。
3．答案与解析：flooding 根据空格后的other disasters知，空格处缺名词，故用flooding。句意：虽然厄尔尼诺带来的暴雨可能会缓解加利福尼亚州的干旱，但它们很可能会引起地面洪水和其他灾害。
4．答案与解析：from apart from是固定搭配，意为“除……之外”。句意：除了大象肚子偶尔发出的响声外，森林里是无声的。
5．答案与解析：on focus on是固定搭配，意为“集中精力于……”。句意：教练能够把注意力集中在孩子身上，而其他父母则可以放心地在下一个赛季摆脱困境。
6．答案与解析：to when it comes to是固定句型，意为“当说到……时”。句意：我们非常喜欢我们的高智商，以至于我们认为，当涉及脑力时，越多越好。
7．答案与解析：officially 用副词修饰过去分词given。句意：这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予我。
8．答案与解析：to/towards an attitude to/towards...是固定搭配，“对……的态度”。句意：学生在考虑上哪所大学之前，应该对大学有正确的态度。
9．答案与解析：in take part in是固定搭配，意为“参加”。句意：你可以参加许多活动，从划独木舟到在达特穆尔高原野营。
10．答案与解析：indicates and连接并列的内容，根据空格前面部分中的remains知用一般现在时indicates。句意：报告中的一些数据表明，阅读仍然是许多孩子生活中的一个重要部分，并表明父母如何帮助鼓励更多的阅读。
11．答案与解析：up end up with是固定搭配，意为“以……结束”。句意：随着冒险的精神从一代传到下一代，人类最终产生了冒险感和对风险的容忍。
12．答案与解析：to lead to是固定搭配，意为“引起；导致”。句意：这清楚地表明，虽然受欢迎可以带来健康的调整，但高地位对我们的影响正好相反。
Ⅴ.
1．答案与解析：to deal 考查不定式。动词不定式在句中是真正的主语，it是形式主语。
2．答案与解析：leaving 考查现在分词。此处是现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。
3．答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此定语从句中缺少主语，同时关系词指代前面的plants，故填which。
4．答案与解析：recycled 考查过去分词。根据前面的get可知，此处为get sth. done结构，故填recycled。
5．答案与解析：countries 考查名词复数。根据前面的other可知指“其他国家”，故此处填countries。
6．答案与解析：is produced 考查语态。根据句子结构，此处缺少谓语，同时本篇文章基本上以一般现在时为主，故填is produced。
7．答案与解析：effectively 考查副词。修饰谓语应使用副词，作状语。
8．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。此处a表示泛指“一个”，故填a。
9．答案与解析：from 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示用塑料等制造，因此填from。
10．答案与解析：better 考查形容词。此处表示一个比现在更好的世界，故填better。
Part Ⅵ Writing Workshop～Check Your Progress
学习目标
话题语境
绿色生活与环保
课时词汇
official, attitude, majority, sum, indicate, flooding, overflow
常用短语
take part in, cut back on, make the best of, a wide range of, focus on, in place, on purpose
重点句式
as引导的定语从句
单词巧练 写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________vt. 概括，总结
2．________vt. 表明；显示
3．________adv. 每年；一年一度地
4．________n. 污染物
5．________vi. &vt. 满是，有许多；泛滥
6．________n. 居民
7．________n. 官员，高级职员
adj. 公务的；官方的
8．________n. 看法；态度
9．________adj. 塑料制的
10．________n. 大多数
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．Research ________ (表明) that eating habits are changing fast.
2．Ninety percent of American rubbish is dumped in ________ (废弃物填埋场) sites.
3．Your starting salary is 13，000 per month and will be reviewed ________ (每年).
4．The milk ________ (满得溢出) when I poured it into the jug.
5．Interest rates are expected to rise by one ________ (百分比) point.
6．There were arguments between local r________ and the police.
7．If you want to pass your exams you'd better change your a________！
8．Many items in daily use are made out of p________．
9．This treatment is not a________ in the vast majority of hospitals.
10．S________ up your views in a few words.
►第一版块：重点单词
1.official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的
(教材P40)Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.去年8月，市政府官员采访了大约500名居民，了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取了哪些行动。
[用法归纳]
official languages 官方语言
an official announcement/statement 官方公告/声明
make an official visit 进行正式访问
a government official 政府官员
an official letter 一封正式信函
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The man was ________ (official) recognised as the new record holder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different Tshirts in less than two hours.
②Last week some city ________ (official) suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place.
③It is for this reason that Spanish is ____________________________ (主要的官方语言) of Peru.
④He ____________________________ (正式访问) France in March last year.
⑤John has really got the job because he showed me ____________________ (正式信函) offering him the job.
词语拓展：
1．officially adv.正式地；官方地；公开地
2．adj.＋后缀ly→副词
abnormal＋ly→abnormally反常地，不规则地
comfortable＋ly→comfortably舒适地
clumsy＋ly→clumsily笨拙地
academical＋ly→acadenically学术上
basical＋ly→basically基本上
3．以ly结尾的形容词
lovely可爱的
friendly友好的
cowardly怯懦的
motherly母亲般的
brotherly兄弟般的
womanly像女人般的
leisurely悠闲的
4．与形容词同形的副词
alike adj.相似的 adv.类似地
downtown adj.市里的 adv.在市区
early adj.早的 adv.早
hard adj.硬的 adv.努力地
late adj.已故的 adv.迟到
2.attitude n．看法；态度
(教材P40)Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.去年8月，市政府官员采访了大约500名居民，以便了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取了哪些行动。
[合作探究]体会attitude的用法和意义
Attitude is everything.态度决定一切。
We should develop a good attitude to/towards life.
我们应该树立良好的生活态度。
She has/takes a very positive attitude to/towards her work.
她工作态度非常积极。
[用法归纳]
an attitude to/towards 对……的态度(to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语)
have/take/adopt an attitude towards... 对……持某种态度
an attitude of mind 心态问题
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
①In my opinion, it is necessary to hold an objective attitude ________ ratings.
②His attitude to ________ (protect) the wild animals is very firm.
③Only when you take a positive attitude ________ the project will you enjoy the whole process.
④I dislike him because he always ________________________________ (对……有不好的态度) the people around him.
⑤People ________________________________ (对生活持积极态度) are more likely to succeed.
⑥他对工作认真的态度给我留下了深刻的印象。
________________________________________________________________________
一言助记：
As the saying goes, attitude determines altitude. Nothing is too difficult if you set your mind to it.俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。
易混词语：
1．adapt vt.使适应/适应
He adapted his lecture to his audience.他使自己的演说适合听众。
He knew how to adapt himself to the surroundings.他懂得如何使自己适应周围环境。
2．be adapted from...由……改编而来
This play is adapted from a French comedy.这个剧本是从一个法国喜剧改编来的。
He want to adapt his new novel to a TV play.他想把他的新小说改编成一部电视剧。
3．adpot vt.采纳；收养
We are going to adopt his suggestion.我们打算采纳他的建议。
The woman has no ability to bear a child of her own, so he wants to adopt an orphan.那位妇女没有生育能力所以她想收养个孤儿。
3.majority n．大多数
(教材P40)Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked.此外，大多数居民骑自行车或步行。
[合作探究]体会majority的用法和意义
The majority of Chinese people have television.
中国大多数人都有电视。
Boys are in the majority in their class.
在他们班上，男孩占了大多数。
She majored in maths and physics at university.
她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
[用法归纳]
(1)the majority of... 大多数……(作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的单复数保持一致)
be in the/a majority 占大多数(常作表语)
by/with a majority of... 以大多数……
(2)major in 主修……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
①The ________ (major) of students are for the decision.
②When I was at university, I majored ________ English.
③In the teaching profession, women are in ________ majority.
④Their victory in America was still remembered as ________________________ (一个主要的转折点) in the history of rock and roll.
⑤Onethird of the country is covered with trees and ________________________ (大多数) the citizens are black people.
⑥她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
major adj.主要的；重要的；大的
n．主修课程；主修学生
vi.主修；专门研究
词语助记：
易错提醒：
The majority of water on the earth is in the sea.大部分的水处于海洋之中。
The majority of students work hard.大多数学生努力学习。
“总之/总而言之”小结：
in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in sum, to sum up
4．sum vt.概括，总结 n．和；总数；金额
(教材P40)To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.总之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白有必要帮助保护环境。
[用法归纳]
sum up/sum sth. up 总计；概括
to sum up 总之(作插入语)
in sum 总之；总而言之
a large sum of 许多，大量
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
[即学即练] 完成句子
①________________________ (总之), we have achieved a lot, but we still need to work harder.
②It is important to remember that success is ________________________ (一些) small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.
③His uncle gave him ________________________________ (一大笔钱) to help him set up his own company.
④________________ (总之), your son is really a good boy.
5.indicate vt.表明；显示
(教材P40)This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.这表明居民需要更多地关注这两项活动。
[用法归纳]
(1)indicate that/whether... 表明……；示意……
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意某事，向某人暗示某事
(2)indication n. 象征；表明；迹象
give an indication 显示
indicator n. 指示物；指标
indicative adj. 指示的；象征的；表明的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is a great deal of evidence ________ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
②Forms will be available in school and online for them ________ (indicate) their choices and return to school.
③The President appeared at the party, ________ (indicate) that he had recovered from his illness.
④The environmentalists said that wild goats' appearance on the vast grasslands was a good ________ (indicate) of the better environment.
名师例证：
1．The arrow on a sign indicates the way to go.牌子上的箭头指明道路的方向。(指示，指出)
2．Progress indicates a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment.进步表明一个人改变目前生活方式的能力。(表明，显示)
3．In his letter, he indicated his willingness to cooperate.他在信中表示愿意合作。(示意，暗示)
He smiles and nods, indicating that everything is fine.他微笑又点头，暗示一切顺利。(暗示)
6.flooding n．水灾，洪水泛滥
(教材P44)This resulted in the flooding of the River Po near Turin in Italy.这导致意大利都灵附近的波河洪水泛滥。
[用法归纳]
(1)flood n. 洪水
vt. (水)淹；淹没
a flood of 大量的
in flood (河流)涨潮；涨水
in flood of tears 泪流如注；大哭
flood in 涌入
(2)flooded adj. 被淹的；被淹没的
be flooded with 充满
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Even though there is still a lot of ________ (flood), I believe yesterday was more dangerous than today.
②Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after ________ (flood).
③Farmers, as well as ________________________ (大量的) foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.
④When Anna heard the bad news, her eyes ________________________ (充满) tears.
⑤Mrs Brown stood there, ________________________ (充满了痛苦).
名师例证：
1．Heavy rainfalls flooded the village.大雨淹了这个村庄。
2．After the flood, hundreds of homeless people needed to be rescued.洪水过去，许多无家可归的人需要救助。
3．He received a flood of letters on his birthday.生日那天他收到了大量的来信。
4．The place was flooded with light.那地方十分光亮。
5．Applicators flooded in to the office.申请者涌入办公室。
6．The child was in flood of tears.那孩子哭成了泪人儿。
7．The river is in flood.现在河水泛滥了。
7.overflow vi. &vt.满是，有许多；泛滥
(教材P45)．..the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves.……解决废物填埋池溢出问题最有效的方法是鼓励人们担负起减少他们自己产生的废物的责任。
[用法归纳]
overflow into... 流向……
overflow with... 溢出；充满
[即学即练] 翻译句子
①牛奶溢满了杯子，所以现在不要碰它。
________________________________________________________________________
②洪水很快淹没了山谷。
________________________________________________________________________
③大厅里挤满了学生，有些人不得不站在外面。
________________________________________________________________________
④我们的英语老师很善良，充满了爱心。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤不要过度使用手机，否则会对你的眼睛造成伤害。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
前缀是over的单词：
overtake超车；赶上
overdo把……做得过分
overhear偶然听到
overuse过度使用
overlook忽视；不理睬
overthrow推翻；使下台
overwork工作过度
overcrowd使过度拥挤；把……塞得过满
overlook忽略，俯瞰
overtalk讲话过多
overset打翻，推翻；为……排版过密
overproduce过度生产
“导致，促成”短语总结
cause; lead to; bring about; result in; contribut to
8．contribute vt. &vi.捐献；捐赠；增加，撰稿
contribution n. [C]捐款；贡献，稿件[U]捐赠，捐款
[用法归纳]
contribute (sth.) to/towards sth. 给……捐献/捐赠某物
contribute to 增加，增添；促成某事
contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿
make a contribution to... 为……做贡献；给……捐款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many warmhearted people contributed some money ________ the sick girl.
②He made an outstanding ________ (contribute) to science.
③I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to ________ (solve) the problem.
►第二版块：重点短语
1.take part in参加
(教材P40)More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.参加调查的人中，有一半以上在近一个月中完成了五项活动中的四项。
[合作探究]
A reception was held the other day, but few people took part.
几天前举行了一次招待会，但是参加的人不多。
He takes an active part in the social benefit activities.
他积极参加社会公益活动。
Friends play an important part in our lives.朋友在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。
[用法归纳]
take part in sth. 参加(无宾语时，不用in)
take an active part in sth. 积极参加(当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词)
play a part in... 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
play an important part in... 在……中起重要作用；在……中扮演重要角色
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/选词填空(take part in/join in/attend)/完成句子
①But Sarah, who has taken part ________ shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
②We are talking about how to protect the environment. Would you like to join ________ our discussion?
③Nowadays, the Internet plays ________ very important part in our life and work.
④My sister ________ the League last month and she has decided to ________ the activities to help the aged in town as a volunteer.
⑤Ten strong young Chinese students are required to ________ the boat race.
⑥You can enjoy matches without ________ a club or belonging to a team.
⑦My teacher gave me a chance to ________________ (参加) designing the class poster.
⑧Many athletes are dreaming of __________________________ (参加) the Olympic Games.
⑨They organised a debate, but I ________________________ (没有参加).
⑩Nowadays women ______________________________ (正积极参加) social activities.
易混辨析：
(1)take part in指参加群众性活动，并发挥一定的作用
take part in a sports meeting参加运动会
(2)join in指参加正在进行着的活动，常可与take part in换用
join in the conversation/discussion参与交谈/讨论
(3)join指加入某团体或组织，成为其中的一员，也可指加入某人的行列
join the army/the Party参军/入党
join us in the game和我们一起做游戏
(4)attend指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或上课、上学
attend a meeting/ceremony/lecture参加会议/典礼/讲座
attend class/college上课/上大学
一言助记：
My brother attended a law school after he left middle school. Yesterday he took part in the meeting held in his class. He joined in the discussion whether they would join a theatre club. At last, most students signed up for it, including my brother.我的哥哥中学毕业后上了一所法律学校。昨天，他参加了一场在他班举行的会议。他参与讨论了他们是否应该加入一个戏剧俱乐部。最后，大多数学生报名参加了，也包括我的哥哥。
2.cut back on(大量)削减，缩减＝cut sth. back
(教材P40)．..and more than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging, such as plastic honey bottles, and butter and yoghurt containers.……超过三分之二(70%)的人曾试图减少一次性包装的使用，如塑料蜂蜜瓶、黄油和酸奶容器。
[合作探究]
He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.他试图少抽烟，但没成功。
Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。
With the main highway cut off, there's no connection to the rest of the country.
随着主要公路被切断，那里跟这个国家的其他城市没有任何的联系。
I suggest that you cut out the unimportant details.我建议你删除这些不重要的细节。
[用法归纳]
cut across 走捷径；抄近路穿过
cut in 插嘴；插入
cut off 切下；剪下；砍下；打断(某人讲话)；
使……与外界隔绝
cut into 打断
cut down 砍倒；删节；削减
cut down on 减少；缩减
cut up 切碎
cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下，裁剪
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The Smiths are not rich, so they have to cut back ________ many things.
②In my opinion, you should give up smoking and cut down ________ drinking.
③My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut ________．
④I found I had to ________________________ (减少) a lot of things, including food.
⑤Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely ________________________ (与……隔绝) the outside world.
⑥I like this article so much that I ________________________ (从……剪下来) the newspaper.
名师提示：
cut为不规则变化动词，其过去式、过去分词和ing形式为cut, cut, cutting。此为A—A—A类动词变化形式，此类变化的动词还有：
cast cast→cast
burst burst→burst
broadcast broadcast broadcast
bust bust bust
cost cost cost
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
inset inset inset
let let let
set set set
shed shed shed
split split split
spread spread spread
thrust thrust thrust
wet wet wet
3.lead to引起；导致；通向，通往
(教材P43)If the waste is not disposed of properly, it can lead to disease, pollution and other environmental issues.如果废物处理不当，会导致疾病、污染和其他环境问题。
[用法归纳]
(1)lead to中的to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。相当于短语result in.../contribute to。
(2)lead sb. across the street 引领某人横过马路
lead the class in science 理科在班上第一
lead sb. to the station 带某人到车站
(3)lead sb. to do sth. 带某人做某事
be in the lead in sth. 在……方面处于领先
lead sb. by the hand 牵着某人的手
(4)lead/live a．..life 过……生活
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Many of these chemicals can lead ________ cancer or other illnesses.
②The new evidence led to him ________ (arrest) by the police.
③Failure often lies in laziness while hard work ________ (lead) to success.
④Many graduates clearly do contribute ________ national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs.
⑤Experts say small talk is an invaluable social practice that results ________ big benefits.
⑥俗话说，条条大路通罗马。
________________________________________________________________________
知识拓展：
以介词to结尾的动词短语：
look forward to盼望；期待
get down to认真做某事
devote...to致力于；奉献于
stick to坚持
be/get/become used/accustomed to习惯于
4.make the best of充分利用
(教材P43)They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.他们也为其他人树立了一个很好的榜样，让他们知道如何在糟糕的情况下做到最好。
[用法归纳]
(1)make the best/the most of 充分利用
make full use of 充分利用
make good use of 好好利用
(2)use sth. to do... 用……做……
be used to do... 被用来做……
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于……
used to do... 过去常常做……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class, so I decided to make ________ best of it.
②My parents and I are flying to London for our holidays and I'll make use ________ the chance to practice my spoken English.
③考试前你必须好好利用每一分钟。
________________________________________________________________________
④我将充分利用我的业余时间来扩大我的词汇量。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
利用种种use, utilize, make use of, take advantage of, make main use of等
名师例证：
①In the past I used to play football on the playground after school and didn't do my homework/assignment.
②My afterschool time was used to play so I didn't passed the exams in the final exam of the last term.
③I have to make use of the summer holiday to make up my lessons.
④Next term I'll work hard and after a time I'll get used to finishing my homework after school.
5.a wide range of一系列的；各种各样的
(教材P44)Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems. Sea levels are rising due to the melting of polar ice sheets.全球变暖已经引起了广泛的问题，由于极地冰原的融化，海平面正在上升。
[用法归纳]
a mountain range 山脉
a range of services 一系列服务
in/within range of 在……的范围内
out of/beyond range of 超出……的范围
range from A to B 在A到B之间变化；包括从A到B之间的各种事物
range between A and B 在A到B之间变化
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create ________ wide range of career possibilities.
②The two leaders talked about lots of topics, ________ (range) from peace to education.
③It is very easy to find a table ________ our price range in this shop.
④Thanks to the Internet, we can do ________________________________ (各种各样的) things online.
⑤The football team contained ten players whose ages ____________________________ (在10到15岁之间).
名师点拨：
a range of中range前可用wide/broad修饰，表示范围大。
教师例证：
1．The prices of the houses range from $20，000 to 30，000.这些房子的价格从2万美元到3万美元不等。(变动，变化)
2．Our prices range from one shilling upward.我们的价格是从一先令起。(v.变动)
3．The general ranged his troops.将军把他的队伍排列/集合好。(range v．排列；排序)
6.focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于，关注
(教材P47)Some city planners have said that the bikesharing system is too expensive and we should focus on things like cheaper buses.一些城市规划者说，自行车共享系统太贵了，我们应该把重点放在像公共汽车这一类更便宜的事物上。
[用法归纳]
fix one's attention on 把某人的注意力集中于
focus one's mind/eyes/energy on 集中某人的心思/目光/精力于……
put one's heart into 全神贯注于
concentrate on 集中(注意力、精力)于
pay attention to 注意
keep sth. focused on 使……集中于
bring sth. into focus 使某事成为关注焦点
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In 2013, Lang Lang became a Messenger of Peace of the UN, ________ (focus) on global education.
②As an art lover who took up learning at the age of five, I prefer that your lecture should focus ________ Western painting.
③With his attention ________ (focus) on the match, he didn't notice that it was getting late.
④He would rather ________________ (集中精力于) his research than give speeches all around the world.
⑤He sat silently by the window, with his eyes ________________ (集中于) the beautiful scenery outside.
⑥In the past, they ________________________ (集中保持) their soil rich and free of diseases.
名师例证：
1．The case of Guo Meimei has been brought into focus in 2011.2011年郭美美事件成为人们关心的焦点。
2．The photographer adjusted the focus of his camera.那摄影师调整了照相机的焦距。
3．We must focus our attention on/upon urgent problems.我们必须把注意力集中在紧急的问题上。
4．Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep the problems focused on for more than an hour at a time.我一直处于焦虑状态，每次对这些问题的关注不超过一小时。
7.in place在适当的位置；合适；准备就绪
(教材P47)For example, in some cities where bikesharing systems are in place, some people have damaged the bikes on purpose, which increases costs.例如，在一些自行车共享系统已经就位的城市中，一些人故意损坏自行车，这增加了成本。
[用法归纳]
out of place 不在适当的位置；不合适的
in place of 代替；取代(无冠词)
take the place of 代替；取代(有冠词)
take sb.'s place 代替；取代
take one's place 就座
take place 发生；举行
replace A with/by B 用B代替/替换A
replace...as... 作为……取代……
[即学即练] 写出下句中in place的意思/完成句子
①Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.____________
②His behaviour was not in place at the party yesterday.____________
③The arrangements for the art festival next weekend are all in place.____________
④The furniture, with its modern style and bright colours, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks ________________________ (不合适) in the garden of a traditional home.
⑤Watching television ________________________ (代替) similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio.
⑥Great changes ________________________ (发生) in the way people communicate in recent years.
易混比较：
1.
e.g. ①Don't take anything away. Father likes everything to be in place.不要拿走任何东西，父亲喜欢所有东西都摆放合适。
②Her dress was out of place at the ceremany.她的服装在那典礼上穿不适合。
2．take the place of sb.替代某人
＝take sb.'s place替代某人(sb.不能与主语指代同一人)
take one's place就座(注意：one's必须与主语指代同一人)e.g.①Mr Li is ill today, so I have to be here to take his place/the place of him．李老师今天病了，因此我不得不来这儿替他。
②After all of the leaders took their place, the meeting began.在所有的领导们就座之后，会议开始了。(注意：their指代主语the leaders)
8.on purpose故意地；有意地
(教材P47)For example, in some cities where bikesharing systems are in place, some people have damaged the bikes on purpose, which increases costs.例如，在一些自行车共享系统已经就位的城市中，一些人故意损坏自行车，这增加了成本。
[用法归纳]
(1)同义词语：by design; deliberately; designedly故意地，有意地
(2)反义词语：by accident; by chance; accidentally; unexpectedly (偶然地，意外地)
(3)for/with the purpose of目的是……，为了……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled ________ purpose.
②It is possible that the famous writer left his overcoat in the hotel ________ accident.
③Mark made much noise ________________ (故意地) so that he could attract Helen's attention.
④Mary came to New York after graduation ____________________________ (为了) getting a wellpaid job.
⑤As far as I'm concerned, Martin didn't upset you ________________ (故意地).
名师例证：
1．The meeting was held for the purpose of electing officers.这次会议是为了选举官员。
2．Sorry, I didn't break the plate on purpose.对不起，我不是故意打破盘子的。
3．They came to Beijing with the purpose of seeking good job opportunities.他们来北京是为了寻找好的工作机会。
9.result in导致；结果是(＝lead to)
[用法归纳]
result from 起因于；由……造成
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 作为……的结果；因为(＝because of)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/用result in和result from的适当形式填空
①His illness resulted ________ bad food.
②He was late as a result ________ the snow.
③As ________ result, she had to leave.
④The accident resulted ________ the death of two passengers.
⑤The traffic accident ________________ a lot of death and the destruction of several vehicles.
⑥The injure ________________ a fall kept him in bed for months.
名师例证：
1．The results will be published tomorrow.成绩明天公布。
2．Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.艾丽丝今天早上睡过了头，结果她上班迟到了。
3．He was late as a result of the traffic jam (＝The traffic jam result in his being late.)因为交通阻塞他迟到了。
4．He being late resulted from the traffic jam.他迟到起因于交通阻塞。
►第三版块：重点句式
1.as引导的定语从句
(教材P40)As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。
[句式分析]
as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，as意为“正如，正像”。
[用法归纳]
as引导的定语从句通常有以下固定的表达：
as we all know 正如大家所知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们所预料的
as you see 这一点你明白
as has been said before 如前所述
as is wellknown 众所周知
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as is often the case (对……而言)这是常有的事
as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
①The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
②If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits ________ other sports, so perhaps we should all give it a try.
He was late for class, as is often the case (with him).他上课迟到了，(对他来说)这是常有的事儿。③________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
④没有简单的答案，在科学上情况通常是这样。
There is no simple answer, ________________________ in science.
⑤众所周知，月球每月绕地球一周。
________________________， the moon travels round the earth once every month.
⑥正如报道的那样，清华大学自建校以来已有100多年的历史。
________________________， it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
⑦It is known to us all that Beijing & Zhangjiakou will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
→________________________， Beijing & Zhangjiakou will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
名师点拨：
1．当主句的先行词被the same, as, such, so等修饰时，要用as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
e．g. I have seen the same film as you talked about.我已看过你所谈到的同样的电影。
2．as代表先行句引导一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词进行解释说明。如：
As we had expected before, no one was willing to criticise him at the meeting in face.正如我们事先预料的那样，没有人愿意在会议上当面批评他。
2.It seems that...
[句式分析]
此句型意为“好像……”，seem为连系动词，that引导表语从句。如：To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
[用法归纳]
(1)sb. seems＋形容词/名词
sb. seems to be＋形容词/名词
sb. seems to be doing sth./sb. seems to have done sth.
(2)It seems that sb. is＋形容词/名词
It seems that sb. is doing sth.
It seems that sb. has done sth.
(3)It seems to sb. that sth. is...
It seems so看来如此。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我好像没有时间锻炼。
It seems ______________________________________．
②关于我们的计划，他好像什么都知道了。
It seems ______________________________________．
③似乎样样事情都已经被改变了。
It seems that ______________________________________．
词语拓展：
appear一词的类似用法
(1)sb. appears＋(to be)adj./n.
She appears (to be) happy today.她看来今天很高兴。
She appears a friendly person.她看起来是个友好的人士。
(2)appear to do sth.
They appeared to have a good time.他们看起来玩得很开心。
(3)It appears that...
It appears that he is a student.看来他是个学生。
(4)It appears to sb. that...
It appears to him that we are rich and fortunate.在他看来我们既富有又幸运。
Actions Taken by City Residents① toHelp Protect the Environment
Last August, city officials② interviewed③ about 500 residents to find out④ people's attitudes⑤ to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. 【1】 Here are the results：
【1】to find out...是不定式短语作目的状语，what引导的是宾语从句。
As the diagram⑥ shows, the percentage⑦ of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as⑧ 96%. 【2】 Very few (4%) felt it was not necessary. More than half of those who took part in⑨ the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month. Around 90% had tried to recycle waste such as glass, metal and paper; and more than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on⑩ the use of disposable⑪packaging⑫， such as plastic⑬honey⑭ bottles, and butter⑮ and yoghurt⑯containers⑰. Also, the majority⑱ of residents had cycled or walked.
【2】as引导的是定语从句，as the diagram shows“如图所示”，主句中包含who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。在定语从句中又包含that引导的宾语从句。
▲Survey taken last August at SummerFunFestival by city officials. It involved 496 city residents (15 years of age and older).
Unfortunately, not as many who took part had taken action to save water and energy in their homes. Just under 40% (38%) tried to save water when they were washing dishes or taking showers. Just over half (51%) tried to save energy by reducing the use of air conditioning⑲ or turning off lights.
To sum up⑳， it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.【3】 Most of them tried to recycle waste, ride bikes or walk, and reduce the use of disposable packaging. However, not as many were saving water and energy. This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.
【3】it seems that...是固定句型，意为“似乎是……”，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词all。
[词语积累]
①resident/'rezɪdənt/n.居民
②official/ə'fɪʃəl/n.高级职员
adj.公务的；官方的
officially adv.官方地；正式地
③interview/'intəvjuː/ vt.采访
interviewee n．被接见者
interviewer n．面试官；接见者；采访者
④find out查明；弄清楚
⑤attitude/'ætɪtjuːd/n.看法；态度
attitude to/towards对……的态度
⑥diagram/'daɪəɡræm/n.图解，示意图
⑦percentage/pə'sentɪdʒ/n.百分比，百分率
⑧as high as高达
as long as长达
as early as早在
⑨take part (in)参加
join加入(组织)
attend参加(会议、婚礼等)
join in加入(活动)
⑩cut back on削减；缩减
cut down砍倒；减少；削减
cut down on削减；减少
⑪disposable/dɪ'spəʊzəbəl/adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的
dispose v．布置；安排
be disposed of处理；解决
⑫packaging/'pækɪdʒɪŋ/n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
⑬plastic/'plæstɪk/adj.塑料制的
⑭honey/'hʌni/n.蜂蜜
⑮butter/'bʌtə/n.黄油，牛油
⑯yoghurt/'jɒɡət/n.酸奶
⑰container/kən'teɪnə/n.容器
contain vt.包含，容纳
⑱majority/mə'dʒɒrɪti/n.大多数
the majority of大多数的
major v．主修
major in主修……
⑲air conditioning/'eə kənˌdɪʃənɪŋ/n.空调系统
⑳sum/sʌm/vt.概括；总结
to sum up总之
a large sum of一笔大数目
take care of关心；照顾；关注
look after关心；照顾
indicate/'ɪndɪkeɪt/vt.表明；显示
pay attention to注意(to是介词)
市民为帮助保护环境而采
取的行动
去年8月，市政府官员采访了大约500名居民，了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取了哪些行动。以下是调查结果：
如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。很少人(4%)认为没有必要。参加调查的人中，有一半以上在近一个月中完成了五项活动中的四项。约90%的人曾尽力回收玻璃、金属及纸张等废品；超过三分之二(70%)的人曾试图减少一次性包装的使用，如塑料蜂蜜瓶、黄油和酸奶容器。此外，大多数居民也骑自行车或步行。
帮助保护环境有必要吗？
减少使用一次性包装
骑自行车或步行
减少使用灯和空调
在洗碗和洗澡时节约用水
回收废品
▲去年8月，城市官员在夏季娱乐节进行了调查，调查涉及496名市民(15岁及以上)。
不幸的是，没有那么多的参与者采取行动，在他们的家中节约水和能源。只有不到40%(38%)的人在洗碗或洗澡时尽量节约用水。仅有过半(51%)的人试图通过减少使用空调或关灯来节约能源。
总之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白有必要帮助保护环境。他们大多试图回收废品、骑自行车或步行，并减少使用一次性的包装。然而，没有那么多人正在节约水和能源。这表明居民需要更多地关注这两项活动。
Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．削减，缩减 ________________
2．总之 ________________
3．结束 ________________
4．处理 ________________
5．导致 ________________
6．对付 ________________
7．以……代价 ________________
8．一系列 ________________
9．除……之外 ________________
10．为……负责 ________________
11．……的百分比 ________________
12．高达 ________________
13．超过一半的 ________________
14．……的大多数 ________________
15．不如……多 ________________
16．几乎所有的 ________________
17．大约90% ________________
18．大部分…… ________________
19．刚好低于/刚好高于 ________________
20．参加 ________________
Ⅱ.练句子：阅读本课时内容，翻译相关句子
1．如果垃圾得不到恰当地处理，它会导致疾病、污染和其他的环境问题。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．尽管这是一个大问题，但是很多当地社区正在想出解决他们自己的垃圾的办法。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．大多数人看到的是一个问题，而一些聪明的人看到了机会。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．在香港，据预测三个现有垃圾填埋场将在未来十年内被填满。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人们的比例高达96%。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．总之，似乎几乎所有参加的人们都理解需要帮助保护环境。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．在欧洲，在回收利用方面，瑞典正在树立一个伟大的榜样。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.题组练习：根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题
1．单句语法填空
(1)It is reported that women are ________ the majority in online shopping.
(2)The majority of children in our class ________ (have) blue eyes.
(3)I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored ________ information management.
(4)The majority ________ in favour of the proposal.
2．完成句子
(1)研究结果显示超过81%的教师对他们的薪水不满意。
________________ over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.
(2)调查显示，越来越多的人选择出国旅游。
________________， more and more people choose to travel abroad.
(3)有明显的迹象显示经济正在改善。
________________ the economy is improving.
3．选词填空(power, energy, force, strength)
(1)A car needs a lot of ________ to go fast.
(2)He hasn't got enough ________ to get out of bed.
(3)We had to use ________ to get into the house.
(4)The work took me a lot of ________．
4．完成句子/翻译句子
(1)The shop keeps ______________________ (商品品种多).
(2)________________________ (年龄范围) is from six to twelve years old.
(3)The temperature ________________________ (在15度到35度之间).
(4)在这个价格范围之内的房子已售完。(within)
________________________________________________________________________
(5)那个孩子现在已经走出了他的视线。(out)
________________________________________________________________________
(6)有120名学生，年龄在10岁到18岁之间。(range v．)
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)
1．[2018·天津卷]Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute ________ the solution.
2．[2017·北京卷]The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
3．[2016·江苏卷]Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface ________ (flood) and other disasters.
4．[重庆卷]Apart ________ an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest wins silent.
5．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]The coach is able to focus ________ the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.
6．[2019·江苏卷]We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes ________ brain power, more must be better.
7．[2016·全国Ⅰ卷]The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
8．[2019·北京卷]Students should have a proper attitude ________ college before thinking about which college to attend.
9．[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]You will be able to take part ________ a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.
10．[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]Some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and ________ (indicate) how parents might help encourage more reading.
11．[2016·北京卷]As the quality of risktaking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended ________ with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
12．[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]It clearly showed that while likability can lead ________ healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.
Ⅴ.短文语法填空
It is a global problem 1.________ (deal) with waste but Sweden recycles most of its household waste, 2.________ (leave) less than 1% of its waste to go into landfills. It has 32 cleanburning wastetoenergy plants, 3.________ turns around half of its waste into energy and it gets scrap metal, plastic, glass and food scraps 4.________ (recycle) because they can't be burned. Because there isn't enough waste for its plants, Sweden begins to import waste from other European 5.________ (country), which leads to a winwin result.
In Africa, a large quantity of waste 6.________ (produce) each year. There is no doubt that it will result in disease, pollution and other environmental issues if it isn't disposed of 7.________ (effective). So some wise people see 8.________ business chance in it. Many businesses are making profits from
dealing with the waste. Some products such as schoolbags and footwear are being produced 9.________ plastic or old car tyres and clothing.
No matter where these businesses are, they are reducing the waste and making the world a 10.________ (good) place to live in.
Part Ⅵ Writing Workshop～Check Your Progress
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．sum 2.indicate 3.annually 4.pollutant 5.overflow
6．resident 7.official 8.attitude 9.plastic 10.majority
Ⅱ.
1．indicates 2.landfill 3.annually 4.overflowed 5.percentage 6.residents 7.attitude 8.plastic 9.available 10.Sum
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词
1．①officially ②officials ③the main official language ④made an official visit to ⑤the official letter
2．①to/towards ②protecting ③to/towards ④has a bad attitude to/towards ⑤with a positive attitude towards life ⑥I am greatly impressed with/by his serious attitude to/towards his work./His serious attitude to/towards his work greatly impressed me./His serious attitude to/towards his work made a great impression on me.
3．①majority ②in ③a/the ④a major turning point ⑤the majority of ⑥She played a major part in the success of the plan.
4．①To sum up ②a sum of ③a large sum of money ④In sum
5．①indicating ②to indicate ③indicating ④indication
6．①flooding ②floods ③a flood of ④were flooded with
⑤flooded with pain
7．①The milk is overflowing the cup, so don't touch it now. ②The flood overflowed the valley quickly. ③The hall was overflowing with students, and some had to stand outside. ④Our English teacher is kind and overflowes with love. ⑤Don't overuse the cellphone, or it will be harmful to your eyes.
8．①to ②contribution ③solving
►第二版块：重点短语
1．①in ②in ③a ④joined take part in ⑤take part in/join in ⑥joining ⑦take part in ⑧taking part in ⑨didn't take part
⑩are taking an active part in
2．①on ②on ③down ④cut back on ⑤cut off from ⑥cut it out of
3．①to ②being arrested ③leads ④to ⑤in ⑥Just as the saying goes, all roads lead to Rome.
4．①the ②of ③You must make good use of every minute before the examination. ④I will make full use of my spare time in order to enrich my vocabulary.
5．①a ②ranging ③in/within ④a wide/broad range of ⑤ranged between 10 and 15/ranged from 10 to 15
6．①focusing ②on ③focused ④focus on ⑤focused on
⑥focused on keeping
7．①在适当的位置 ②合适的 ③准备就绪 ④out of place
⑤takes the place of ⑥have taken place
8．①on ②by ③on purpose ④with/for the purpose of ⑤on purpose
9．①from ②of ③a ④in ⑤resulted in ⑥resulting from
►第三版块：重点句式
1．①as ②as ③As ④as is often the case ⑤As is known to everybody/As is wellknown ⑥As is reported ⑦As is known to us all
2．①that I have no time to exercise ②that he has learned everything about our plan ③everything has been changed
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．cut back on 2.to sum up 3.end up 4.dispose of 5.lead to 6.deal with 7.at a．..cost 8.a range of 9.apart from 10.take responsibility for 11.the percentage of 12.as high as 13.more than half of 14.the majority of... 15.not as many 16.almost all
17．around 90% 18.most of 19.just under/just over 20.take part (in)
Ⅱ.
1．If the waste is not disposed of properly, it can lead to disease, pollution and other environmental issues.
2．Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.
3．Where most people see a problem, a few clever individuals have seen opportunities.
4．In Hong Kong, it is predicted that the three existing landfills will be full within the next decade.
5．As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.
6．To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
7．In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example when it comes to recycling.
Ⅲ.
1．(1)in (2)have (3)in (4)was/were
2．(1)Research indicates that (2)As is indicated in the survey (3)There are clear indications that
3．(1)power (2)strength (3)force (4)energy
4．(1)a wide range of goods (2)The age range (3)ranges from 15 to 35 degrees (4)The houses within this price range are sold out. (5)The child is now out of his range of vision. (6)There are 120 students whose ages range from 10 to 18.
Ⅳ.
1．答案与解析：to contribute to是固定搭配，意为“引起；导致”。句意：可持续性正在成为一种必要。3D食物打印机可能有助于解决这一问题。
2．答案与解析：ranging a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：国家公园有大量野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象。
3．答案与解析：flooding 根据空格后的other disasters知，空格处缺名词，故用flooding。句意：虽然厄尔尼诺带来的暴雨可能会缓解加利福尼亚州的干旱，但它们很可能会引起地面洪水和其他灾害。
4．答案与解析：from apart from是固定搭配，意为“除……之外”。句意：除了大象肚子偶尔发出的响声外，森林里是无声的。
5．答案与解析：on focus on是固定搭配，意为“集中精力于……”。句意：教练能够把注意力集中在孩子身上，而其他父母则可以放心地在下一个赛季摆脱困境。
6．答案与解析：to when it comes to是固定句型，意为“当说到……时”。句意：我们非常喜欢我们的高智商，以至于我们认为，当涉及脑力时，越多越好。
7．答案与解析：officially 用副词修饰过去分词given。句意：这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予我。
8．答案与解析：to/towards an attitude to/towards...是固定搭配，“对……的态度”。句意：学生在考虑上哪所大学之前，应该对大学有正确的态度。
9．答案与解析：in take part in是固定搭配，意为“参加”。句意：你可以参加许多活动，从划独木舟到在达特穆尔高原野营。
10．答案与解析：indicates and连接并列的内容，根据空格前面部分中的remains知用一般现在时indicates。句意：报告中的一些数据表明，阅读仍然是许多孩子生活中的一个重要部分，并表明父母如何帮助鼓励更多的阅读。
11．答案与解析：up end up with是固定搭配，意为“以……结束”。句意：随着冒险的精神从一代传到下一代，人类最终产生了冒险感和对风险的容忍。
12．答案与解析：to lead to是固定搭配，意为“引起；导致”。句意：这清楚地表明，虽然受欢迎可以带来健康的调整，但高地位对我们的影响正好相反。
Ⅴ.
1．答案与解析：to deal 考查不定式。动词不定式在句中是真正的主语，it是形式主语。
2．答案与解析：leaving 考查现在分词。此处是现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。
3．答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此定语从句中缺少主语，同时关系词指代前面的plants，故填which。
4．答案与解析：recycled 考查过去分词。根据前面的get可知，此处为get sth. done结构，故填recycled。
5．答案与解析：countries 考查名词复数。根据前面的other可知指“其他国家”，故此处填countries。
6．答案与解析：is produced 考查语态。根据句子结构，此处缺少谓语，同时本篇文章基本上以一般现在时为主，故填is produced。
7．答案与解析：effectively 考查副词。修饰谓语应使用副词，作状语。
8．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。此处a表示泛指“一个”，故填a。
9．答案与解析：from 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示用塑料等制造，因此填from。
10．答案与解析：better 考查形容词。此处表示一个比现在更好的世界，故填better。
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