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高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science导学案及答案
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science导学案及答案，共14页。
Unit 3 ——The world of science
第1部分
Ⅰ.词汇拓展
1．press v．按→pressure n．压力；挤压
2．capable adj.有能力的→capably adv.有能力地→capability n．才能，能力
3．desire n．渴望，欲望→desirable adj.渴望的
4．passive adj.被动的→(反义词) active adj.主动的；积极的
5．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
6．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury
n．伤害；挫伤
7．accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv.精确地
8．minor adj.小的;较少的→ minority n．少数,少数民族→ minimum adj. 最少的,最低程度的→mini adj. 迷你的,袖珍的,微型的→ maximum n. 最大量,最大限度,最高点
9．origin n．起源，起因→original adj.原始的；最初的; n.原版；真品→originally adv. 原本；起初；独创地→originate v. 发起；开始；起源于
10．declaration n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布；声明；表明；宣称
11．attach v．系，绑；贴→attached adj.依恋的，附属于→attachment n.附件；喜爱；连接
12．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
13．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的 =wholly/whole
14．proof n．证明，证据; adj. 防 ... 的；耐 ... 的→ waterproof adj. 防水的； 耐水的→ prove v．证明是；被发现是
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．become a reality 变成现实
2．think of 想出；想起
3．in addition 除此之外，另外
4．make an advance/advances 取得进步
5．thanks to 多亏，由于
6．be used to do sth 被用来做某事
7．in terms of 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言
8．what's more 此外，另外
9．no doubt 无疑地，必定
10．lead to 导致
11．at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下
12．never say never 别轻易说决不
13．beyond recognition 面目全非；无法辨认
14．for instance 例如
15．name...after... 以……命名
16．due to 由于
17．regard...as... 认为……是……
18．tie...to... 把……拴/系在……上
19．along with 与……一起；连同……一起
20．contribute towards 有助于，为……作贡献
21．take place 发生；进行
22．more than one 不止一个
23．die from 死于
24．come up with 想出；提出
25．hit sb on the head 击中某人头部
26．apart from 除……之外
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．It suggests that...结构
_______________ the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
书名提示……。
2．with复合结构
It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology __________(control) its “legs”.
3．强调句型
So what is it ________ inspires us to invent things?
4．what引导主语从句
But________ remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and that's the real spirit of invention.
5．with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
He raised the kite with a piece of string ________ (tie) to it.
6．along with...连接并列主语
Franklin，along with many other scientists, ___________ (inspire) us that scientific experiments are important in order ____________ (establish) the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
7．neither...nor...“既不……也不……”
However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment _________ (be) entirely true.
8．同位语从句
In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof ______ it hit him on the head.
第2部分
1. press v．按，压，推，挤；催促
①He pressed a button and a table rose from under the ground as if by magic.
他按下了一个按钮，一张桌子像变魔术一样从地下升了上来。②They are pressing us to make a quick decision.
他们正催促我们尽快做出决定
③Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
请告诉我你在压力下工作的能力。
[归纳拓展]
(1) press sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
press... against... 把……贴在……上
press the button 按按钮
(2)press n. 报章杂志；报刊；新闻；新闻界(常与定冠词the连用)
freedom of the press 新闻自由
the Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社
(3) pressure n. 压力
under pressure 处于压力下
relieve/reduce pressure 减轻压力
(1)单句语法填空
①She pressed her face __________ the window but saw nothing outside.
②Even if I had the talent to play tennis, I couldn't stand the_________ (press)．
(2)单句写作
③遇火灾时按下此钮。
_________________ in case of fire.
2. shoot v．射出(光，亮等), 放射
①The sun shoots its beam(光线) through the mist.
太阳透过薄雾射出光芒。
②He ordered Tell to shoot at the apple with one of his arrows.
他命令泰尔用他自己的一支箭射这个苹果。
[归纳拓展]
shoot at 向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot a bullet 发射子弹
shoot sb in the leg/head 射中某人的腿/头
shoot sb (dead) 击毙某人
shoot a movie 拍电影
shoot a basket 投篮得分
(1)写出下列句中shoot的含义
①Suddenly，a beam of yellow light shot across the room.________
②The police had orders to shoot anyone who attacked them.________
③The movie was shot in New Zealand in the winter of 2018.________
④Giggs(吉格斯) shot the ball from the halfway line and got the point._______
(2)单句写作
⑤他开枪打那只鸟，但是没打中。
He tried to ___________ the bird, but he ___________________ it.
3. flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的，灵活的；有弹性的
①My schedule is very flexible this month.
这个月，我的日程安排有很大的灵活性。
②The reason you prepared is that you all can react quickly and flexibly to the situation you face.
让你们做准备的原因是为了让你们都能在面对情况时做出快速灵活的反应。
③But they adjusted, and now give the programme high marks for flexibility and choice.
但他们进行了调整，他们在这个项目的灵活性和选择方面打了高分。
[归纳拓展]
flexibility n. 柔韧性；灵活性
flexibly adv. 易曲地，柔软地；灵活地
inflexible adj. 不灵活的，柔韧性差的
(1)单句语法填空
①Computers offer a much greater degree of ________ (flexible) in the way work is organised.
②You need to be more ________ (flexibly) and imaginative in your approach.
(2)完成句子
③Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _________________ (灵活的计划表) to make it easier to care for their children.
4. in addition 除此之外，另外
①The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and in addition, there are several self－catering(提供饮食及服务) apartments.
酒店本身可容纳80位客人，此外，还有几个自助餐饮公寓。
②Unfortunately，the local leaders invested the money unwisely and lost much. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses(费用,花费).
不幸的是，地方领导投资失误，损失惨重。另外，他们还将数百万美元的钱财挪为己用。
③In addition to taking regular exercise every day，the retired professor took up many hobbies such as gardening and photography.
除了每天有规律地进行锻炼之外，这位退休的教授还有许多业余爱好，如园艺、摄影等。
[归纳拓展]
(1) in addition(＝as well/besides)为副词短语，常放在句首，也可放在句中、句尾。
(2) in addition to(＝as well as/ besides /apart from)介词短语，“除……之外”，后接名词或动名词
(3) additional adj. 额外的，附加的
(4) additionally adv.此外,同时
(1) 选词填空 (in addition/in addition to)
①I can post the letter for you. __________， doing some walking does me good.
②________________ the names on the list, there are six other applicants.
③_______________ the school, the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.
(2)完成句子
④The products are of high quality. __________ (另外), the price is low.
⑤________________________(除了游泳)，she likes playing the guitar.
5. in terms of 就……而言；在……方面
①In terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory.
从营养角度来说，快餐是很不令人满意的。
②In terms of working experience，I have a great advantage over others.
③The new teaching method will make a great difference in the long term.
从长远来看，这种新的教学方法将会起到重大作用。
④I would be grateful if you could give me some advice on how to be on good terms with my roommates.
如果你能给我提一些如何与室友保持良好关系的建议，我将不胜感激。
[归纳拓展]
in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言
be on good/bad terms with sb 与某人关系好/不好
come to terms with... 妥协；达成协议;勉强接受
on one's terms 依照某人的条件
(1)单句语法填空
①We have been _________ good terms with all our neighbours since we moved here.
②It was hard to come to terms ________ her death after all the support she gave to me and the family.
(2)完成句子
③____________________________ (就绿色发展而言)，the BeijingTianjinHebei region saw its average PM2.5 density down nearly 40 percent.
④Learning English well is not easy, but it is beneficial ______________ (从长远来看)．
6. capable adj.有能力的；能胜任的
①It is reported that the new type of robots are capable of communicating with people in several languages.
据报道，这种新型机器人能够用好几种语言与人交流。②The bridge is capable of carrying even the heaviest loads.
这座桥甚至可以承载最重的负荷。
[归纳拓展]
(1) be capable of 有能力做某事
(2) incapable adj. 没有能力(做某事)；不能自理的
capably adv. 能干地
(1)单句语法填空
①The children seem to be totally capable of ________ (walk) by themselves.
②If people keep telling you you're __________ (capable), you begin to lose confidence in yourself.
(2)小片段填空
③The________ man was regarded as very boring to work with and was found lying in the road, drunk and ___________.
这个有能力的人被认为和他一起工作很乏味，随后他被发现躺在路边，烂醉如泥。
(2)小片段填空
So don't think that you are ________ of doing everything. Sometimes you can't even ____________ deal with the relationship between people around you.
所以不要认为你什么都能干。有时你甚至不能处理好和你身边的人的关系。
7. desire n．渴望，欲望；愿望 v．渴望；希望
①She felt an overwhelming desire to return home.
她有一种难以克制的想回到家里的愿望。
②Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.
想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。
③I desire that he should call on me on Monday morning.
我希望他周一早晨拜访我。
[归纳拓展]
have a strong desire to do sth迫切想要做某事
have a strong desire for sth
迫切得到某物
(2) desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
(3) desire that...(should) do sth 希望……
【名师点津】
desire既可用作名词，也可用作动词。作名词时，后面的名词性从句以及作动词时的宾语从句中通常用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。
(1)单句语法填空
①I had a strong desire ________ (help) and care for people.
②We all have a strong desire ________ happiness and health.
③She was tired of the humdrum(单调的) life in the countryside and desired ________ (go) out.
④The employees desired that their salaries ________________ (raise).
(2)一句多译
⑤他希望我能出国深造。
He__________ that I ____________ abroad for further education.
→He ________________ abroad for further education.
第3部分
1. beyond prep.无法……；超出……范围； 超越
①As a matter of fact，years of hard work changed her beyond recognition.
事实上，经年的辛苦劳作使她变得认不出来了。
②The driver was charged for driving beyond the speed limit.
那个司机被指控超速了。
③The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，most of which are beyond our control.
[归纳拓展]
beyond recognition 无法辨认
beyond description 无法形容，难以描述
beyond repair/control/belief无法修理/控制/相信
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
beyond one's reach 在某人够不着的地方
beyond compare 无与伦比
完成句子
①Scott's equipment was damaged ________________(无法修理).
②The scenery there was beautiful ________________ (无法形容).
③The town has changed ________________ (认不出来了) since I was last here.
④Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances __________________(我们无法控制).
2. injure v．使受伤，弄伤
①He got injured during the basketball match，which made all of us worried.
他在篮球赛中受伤了，使我们都很着急。
②If you exercise like that, you'll do yourself an injury!
如果你那样锻炼的话，你会受伤的！
③After the accident，the ambulance took the injured to the nearby hospital.
事故发生后，救护车把伤者送到了附近的一家医院。
[归纳拓展]
(1) injury n. 伤害，挫伤
do sb/oneself an injury＝do an injury to sb/oneself 使某人/自己受伤害
(2) injured adj. 受伤的
get/be injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
【易混辨析】 injure/wound/hurt/harm
injure
多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害
wound
指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤
hurt
多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛
harm
指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害，意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do harm to，意为“对……有害”
(1)单句语法填空
①He suffered severe ________ (injure) to the head and arms.
②The woman ________ (injure) in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital.
(2)选词填空(injure/wound/hurt/harm)
③It really ________ that you'd believe her instead of me.
④He didn't realise that he was ________ until the fire had been put out.
(2)选词填空(injure/wound/hurt/harm)
⑤In the most recent attack one man was shot dead and two others were ________.
⑥He claimed that working too hard was ________ his health.
3. cure n．疗法；药剂 v．治愈，治好
① I hold the firm belief that scientists will find a cure for cancer sooner or later.
我坚信科学家迟早有一天会找到治疗癌症的方法。
②Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are likely to have been formed at a very young age.
许多坏习惯特别难以纠正，因为它们可能是人们在年幼时就形成了的。
③She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.
她想尽了一切办法试图改正她孩子的这个坏习惯。
[归纳拓展]
(1) a cure for... …的一种治疗法
beyond cure 不可救药
(2)cure sb of sth 治愈某人(的病等)；纠正/消除某人(的弊病等)
(3)curable adj. 可治愈的
【易混辨析】 cure/treat/heal
cure
作为动词，多用于疾病方面，强调结果，意为“治好，治愈”，是及物动词，其主语可以是医生，也可以是某种药物。表示“治好某人的某种疾病”，要用cure sb of sth
treat
强调“治疗”这一动作，不涉及结果，用于treat sb for sth结构中
heal
多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合
(1)单句语法填空
①The young doctor cured the patient ________ his strange illness.
②No one has found a cure ________ the cold so far.
(2)选词填空(cure/treat/heal)
③When he left hospital ,he was completely ________.
④Fortunately, it didn't take a long time for the wounds to ________.
⑤The doctor tried many ways to ________ the little girl for her illness.
4. attach v．系，绑；贴；连接；附加；(使)附属；(使)隶属
①I have attached my photo to you in my last email. Please check it in the attachment.
我已经把我的照片附在上次给你的邮件里了，请在附件里查一下。
②They've attached a number of conditions to the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了一些条件。
③I attach great importance to my children's education.
我认为子女的教育十分重要。
④At one time the schools were mainly attached to the church.
这些学校曾一度归教会主管。
[归纳拓展]
(1)attach sth to sth 把……附在……上，把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to...
认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj. (作表语)依恋的；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
(3)attachment n. 附件；喜爱；连接
【名师点津】
attach...to...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
(1)单句语法填空
①Now you can buy cameras that attach ________ your wrist, ear, bike helmet and eyeglasses.
②The middle school ________ (attach) to Beijing Normal University is wellknown across the country.
③We should attach importance to ________ (learn) basic skills.
(2)小片段填空
④The young boy is studying in the Senior High that __________________ Shandong University.
这个男孩在山东大学附属高中读书。
(2)小片段填空
He _______________________ learning biology and wants to become a scientist as Tu Youyou.
他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠呦呦那样的科学家。
(2)小片段填空
Every day he ________ some small pieces of paper_________ his desk where there are many key points from the textbook.
每天他都把课本上的知识点写在小纸片上，然后贴在书桌上。
5. account n．记述，描述；账目；账户
① She gave an accurate account of the case.
她对这次事件做了准确的描述。
②When developing our economy, we must take environmental protection into account.
当发展经济时，我们必须把环境保护考虑在内。
③The flight was postponed on account of bad weather.
因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。
④The minority nationalities account for six per cent of the population.
少数民族占人口的百分之六。
[归纳拓展]
(1) give an account of 给予描述；进行说明
take sth into account= take account of sth
认真考虑某事
on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
open an account 开一个账户
(2)account v. 认为；解释
account for (在数量和比例上)占，占据；是……的原因；对……做出解释和说明
(1)单句语法填空
①His illness accounts _________ his absence from school.
②On account _______ his illness，he was never left alone.
(2)同义句转换
③The government should take account of the interests of the disabled.
→The government should ________ the interests of the disabled ____________.
6. come up with 想出；提出
①I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea.
他提出了一个如此美妙的想法，对此我感到惊讶。
②I'm sure it will all come out all right in the end.
我敢肯定最后结局会很好。
③New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones.
新的竹笋将从旧根的周围长出来。
[归纳拓展]
(1) come about 产生；发生
come across 遇见；(偶然)发现
come out 出来；(书等)出版，发行， (花)开
come up 走上前；上来；被提出，被提及
when it comes to... 当涉及……；当谈到……
(2) come up在指“问题、建议、方案等被提出”时为不及物动词短语，主语常为物，无被动语态；come up with意为“提出”，为及物动词短语，主语常为人，宾语为表示建议、计划、方案等的名词。
【名师点津】
常与come up with放在一起考查的短语：
keep up with 与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 容忍，忍受
end up with 以……结束
(1)单句语法填空
①Can you tell me how the accident came ________？
②I came ________ this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.
③When it comes _______ computer games, he is always very excited.
(2)一句多译
④在此次会议上，许多新问题被提了出来。
A lot of new questions __________ at the meeting.
→People ________________ a lot of new questions at the meeting.
(3)选词填空(keep/end/put/come)
⑤I can ________ up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
⑥He ________ up with many ways to make audience burst into laughter.
⑦The modern world has been developing very fast. Every country must ________ up with the time.
⑧After seeing so many houses, we ________ up with buying the one on the lakeside.
第4部分 重点句式
1. So what is it that inspires us to invent things?
那是什么激励着人们进行发明创造呢？
[句式分析]
这是强调句型的特殊疑问句，强调的是句子的主语what。
①It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork ______made a deep impression on us.
(强调主语)
②It is my English teacher ________ I admire most, for she is so devoted to the teaching job.
(强调宾语)
③It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ______ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
(强调状语)
④Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognised.
(强调not until句型)
⑤Was it in your school _______ you met Mary last time?
(强调句的一般疑问句)
⑥What was it ________ made our English teacher so delighted?
(强调句的特殊疑问句)
[归纳拓展]
(1)强调句型的陈述句形式为:
“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”。
一般疑问句形式为:
“Is/Was it...that/who...？”
特殊疑问句形式为:
“特殊疑问词＋is/was ＋that/who...？”
not...until句型的强调句型为:
“It is/was not until...that...”
(2)强调句型可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等，不用来强调谓语和定语。如果被强调部分是宾语且是人，可用that或who，其他一律用that。
同义句转换
①I met John in the street yesterday.
→It was I ____________ met John in the street yesterday.(强调主语)
→It was John ________ I met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)
→It was in the street ________ I met John yesterday.(强调地点状语)
②It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday.
→Who was ________ met John in the street yesterday? (特殊疑问句)
③He didn't realise his mistakes until yesterday.
→It was ________ yesterday ______ he realised his mistakes.(强调句型)
2. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
[句式分析]
along with意为“与……一起；除了……以外(还)”，连接两个名词作句子的主语，谓语动词适用于“就前原则”。
①Tom，along with his friends，________(go) skating every Saturday.
②Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ________(be) working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
[归纳拓展]
主谓一致的“就前原则”：
由along with, together with, with, as well as等连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
单句语法填空
①Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, __________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
②The father as well as his children _______ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
3. However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。
[句式分析]
neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
①Neither Anna nor I _______(be) interested in high finance.
安娜和我对巨额融资都不感兴趣
②Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
③I have neither time nor money for pop festivals.
[归纳拓展]
(1)当neither...nor...连接并列主语时， 谓语动词适用于“就近原则”。
(2)常用于“就近原则”的连词(词组)还有or, either...or..., not only...but also... 及there be句型。
(1)单句语法填空
①Neither I nor he ________ (be) to blame.
②Not only he but also all his family ________ (be) fond of music.
③Either I or they ________ responsible for the result of the matter.
(2)单句写作
④这个小男孩既不会读也不会写。
The little boy can _______________
____________________________.
4. In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
[句式分析]
that it hit him on the head为同位语从句，对抽象名词proof进行解释说明。其中连词that在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，不可省略。
①Please give him a message ____ I won't call on him tomorrow.
②He must answer the question ______ he agrees with it or not.
③I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
[归纳拓展]
同位语从句的用法：
(1)可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words(消息)，possibility，decision等。
[归纳拓展]
同位语从句的用法：
(2)引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether；连接代词有what，who；连接副词how，when，where等。
【名师点津】
that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别：
同位语从句
1) 对前面的名词进行解释说明，是名词的具体内容的体现
2)只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略
定语从句
1) 对前面的名词进行修饰或限定
2) 既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语或宾语
The news ______ I have passed the exam is true.
(同位语从句)
我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
The news _____________ he told me just now is true.
(定语从句)
他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(1)单句写作
①我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I heard the news _______________________________.
②到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
We haven't yet settled the question _______________________________
_______________________________.
(2)判断黑体部分是定语从句还是同位语从句
③He will never forget the days when he lived with his grandparents. ____________
④He has no idea when the meeting will be held.____________
⑤We are glad at the news that he will come.____________
⑥We are sad about the news that he told us.____________
Grammar
现在完成时的被动语态
①Over time I have been changed quite a lot.
②The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.
③The ink has not been removed from the clothes.
④Have they been sent abroad to study English?
⑤Where has the car been repaired?
[我的发现]
(1)以上例句中的时态和语态是_____________________________。
(2)以上例句中第①、②句是该时态的________句式；第③句是_______句式；第④句是__________句式；第⑤句是__________句式。
一、现在完成时被动结构
肯定式
have/has＋been done
否定式
have/has not＋been done
一般疑问式
Have/Has＋主语＋been done？
特殊疑问式
疑问词＋have/has(＋主语)＋been done？
①He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
②The work has not been finished by now.
工作到现在还没有完成。
③Has your computer just been attacked by a virus?
你的电脑刚刚被病毒侵袭过吗？
二、用法
1．表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
①The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。
②The problem has already been solved.
问题已经被解决了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于how long引导的句子中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的被动的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn't watch TV before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业完成之前你不应该看电视。
【名师点津】
常与现在完成时连用的状语：
already 已经
yet已经
recently/lately最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
ever曾经
so far 迄今为止
for a long time很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last few years
在过去的几年里
三、注意事项
1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，要将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
His boss has already punished him.
→He has already been punished (by his boss)．
2．带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．
3．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
I have made her work hard.
→She has been made to work hard.
4．动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语的完整性，动词后原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。
They have referred to the books.
→The books have been referred to (by them)．
He has thought of a way of doing it.
→A way of doing it has been thought of.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Paper money ______________ (use) for over a thousand years.
2．Great changes_____________ (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories ________________(set) up.
3．This book __________________ (translate) into many languages since published.
4．The fire __________(get) to the fifth floor. ________ all the people __________(save)?
5．—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry, but it ____________ (take) already.
6．Some of the famous books _______________(read) by many students.
7．Why don't you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books ___________________ (bring) there.
8．Till now, three films _________________ (show) in that small village this month.
9．Do you know the thief _________________ (catch) by the police?
10．My sister is working in the power plant that ______________ (use) for just one year.
Ⅱ.把下列句子改成被动句
1．We have cleaned our classroom.
→______________________________.
2．He has sold out all his bikes in the shop.
→_____________________________________________________.
3．He hasn't finished his homework.
→_______________________________
_______________________________.
4．Grandma has taken care of the child all these years.
→______________________________________________________________.
5．He has repaired the machine for two hours.
→______________________________________________________________.
6．We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years.
→______________________________________________________________.
7．He has sent me an email.
→______________________________.
→______________________________.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．How many cars ____________ (make) in the factory since 1990?
2．Since your work ____________ (finish), you can have a rest now.
3．More than 50,000 yuan _________________(raise) for the poor family since the group was founded.
4．Black Friday ________________ (regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years.
5．Since the early 1990s, a lot of clinics ____________________(found) in this country to treat poor people for free.
6．Over the past three years, the paintings _________________(show) in more than 20 museums in the world.
7．The English song ________________ (sing) for many years, but we still like it.
8．It's the first time that the little girl ________________ (take) to the zoo.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．They have just connected the printer to the computer.
→______________________________________________________________
2．Tom hasn't sold out all the magazines.
→_______________________________
_______________________________
3．Have you found ways to make waste water clean?
→_____________________________________________________________
4．She has already returned this book to the library.
→_____________________________________________________________
5．We have seen him lie on the ground.
→______________________________________________________________
6．They have put out the big fire.
→_____________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.完成句子
1._______________________________ (男孩们已经被多次告知) not to swim in that lake, but it doesn't make any difference.
2．We are glad to be told that Li Tao _______________________________ (已经被复旦大学录取) for his top scores in the Maths Contest.
3．When and where to go for the on－salary holiday ____________________ (没有确定) yet.
4．Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic __________________(已被改变了)．
5．That book _____________________ (已经被翻译) into at least 20 foreign languages so far.
Unit 3 ——The world of science
第1部分
Ⅰ.词汇拓展
1．press v．按→pressure n．压力；挤压
2．capable adj.有能力的→capably adv.有能力地→capability n．才能，能力
3．desire n．渴望，欲望→desirable adj.渴望的
4．passive adj.被动的→(反义词) active adj.主动的；积极的
5．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
6．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury
n．伤害；挫伤
7．accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv.精确地
8．minor adj.小的;较少的→ minority n．少数,少数民族→ minimum adj. 最少的,最低程度的→mini adj. 迷你的,袖珍的,微型的→ maximum n. 最大量,最大限度,最高点
9．origin n．起源，起因→original adj.原始的；最初的; n.原版；真品→originally adv. 原本；起初；独创地→originate v. 发起；开始；起源于
10．declaration n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布；声明；表明；宣称
11．attach v．系，绑；贴→attached adj.依恋的，附属于→attachment n.附件；喜爱；连接
12．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
13．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的 =wholly/whole
14．proof n．证明，证据; adj. 防 ... 的；耐 ... 的→ waterproof adj. 防水的； 耐水的→ prove v．证明是；被发现是
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．become a reality 变成现实
2．think of 想出；想起
3．in addition 除此之外，另外
4．make an advance/advances 取得进步
5．thanks to 多亏，由于
6．be used to do sth 被用来做某事
7．in terms of 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言
8．what's more 此外，另外
9．no doubt 无疑地，必定
10．lead to 导致
11．at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下
12．never say never 别轻易说决不
13．beyond recognition 面目全非；无法辨认
14．for instance 例如
15．name...after... 以……命名
16．due to 由于
17．regard...as... 认为……是……
18．tie...to... 把……拴/系在……上
19．along with 与……一起；连同……一起
20．contribute towards 有助于，为……作贡献
21．take place 发生；进行
22．more than one 不止一个
23．die from 死于
24．come up with 想出；提出
25．hit sb on the head 击中某人头部
26．apart from 除……之外
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．It suggests that...结构
_______________ the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
书名提示……。
2．with复合结构
It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology __________(control) its “legs”.
3．强调句型
So what is it ________ inspires us to invent things?
4．what引导主语从句
But________ remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and that's the real spirit of invention.
5．with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
He raised the kite with a piece of string ________ (tie) to it.
6．along with...连接并列主语
Franklin，along with many other scientists, ___________ (inspire) us that scientific experiments are important in order ____________ (establish) the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
7．neither...nor...“既不……也不……”
However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment _________ (be) entirely true.
8．同位语从句
In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof ______ it hit him on the head.
第2部分
1. press v．按，压，推，挤；催促
①He pressed a button and a table rose from under the ground as if by magic.
他按下了一个按钮，一张桌子像变魔术一样从地下升了上来。②They are pressing us to make a quick decision.
他们正催促我们尽快做出决定
③Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
请告诉我你在压力下工作的能力。
[归纳拓展]
(1) press sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
press... against... 把……贴在……上
press the button 按按钮
(2)press n. 报章杂志；报刊；新闻；新闻界(常与定冠词the连用)
freedom of the press 新闻自由
the Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社
(3) pressure n. 压力
under pressure 处于压力下
relieve/reduce pressure 减轻压力
(1)单句语法填空
①She pressed her face __________ the window but saw nothing outside.
②Even if I had the talent to play tennis, I couldn't stand the_________ (press)．
(2)单句写作
③遇火灾时按下此钮。
_________________ in case of fire.
2. shoot v．射出(光，亮等), 放射
①The sun shoots its beam(光线) through the mist.
太阳透过薄雾射出光芒。
②He ordered Tell to shoot at the apple with one of his arrows.
他命令泰尔用他自己的一支箭射这个苹果。
[归纳拓展]
shoot at 向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot a bullet 发射子弹
shoot sb in the leg/head 射中某人的腿/头
shoot sb (dead) 击毙某人
shoot a movie 拍电影
shoot a basket 投篮得分
(1)写出下列句中shoot的含义
①Suddenly，a beam of yellow light shot across the room.________
②The police had orders to shoot anyone who attacked them.________
③The movie was shot in New Zealand in the winter of 2018.________
④Giggs(吉格斯) shot the ball from the halfway line and got the point._______
(2)单句写作
⑤他开枪打那只鸟，但是没打中。
He tried to ___________ the bird, but he ___________________ it.
3. flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的，灵活的；有弹性的
①My schedule is very flexible this month.
这个月，我的日程安排有很大的灵活性。
②The reason you prepared is that you all can react quickly and flexibly to the situation you face.
让你们做准备的原因是为了让你们都能在面对情况时做出快速灵活的反应。
③But they adjusted, and now give the programme high marks for flexibility and choice.
但他们进行了调整，他们在这个项目的灵活性和选择方面打了高分。
[归纳拓展]
flexibility n. 柔韧性；灵活性
flexibly adv. 易曲地，柔软地；灵活地
inflexible adj. 不灵活的，柔韧性差的
(1)单句语法填空
①Computers offer a much greater degree of ________ (flexible) in the way work is organised.
②You need to be more ________ (flexibly) and imaginative in your approach.
(2)完成句子
③Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _________________ (灵活的计划表) to make it easier to care for their children.
4. in addition 除此之外，另外
①The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and in addition, there are several self－catering(提供饮食及服务) apartments.
酒店本身可容纳80位客人，此外，还有几个自助餐饮公寓。
②Unfortunately，the local leaders invested the money unwisely and lost much. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses(费用,花费).
不幸的是，地方领导投资失误，损失惨重。另外，他们还将数百万美元的钱财挪为己用。
③In addition to taking regular exercise every day，the retired professor took up many hobbies such as gardening and photography.
除了每天有规律地进行锻炼之外，这位退休的教授还有许多业余爱好，如园艺、摄影等。
[归纳拓展]
(1) in addition(＝as well/besides)为副词短语，常放在句首，也可放在句中、句尾。
(2) in addition to(＝as well as/ besides /apart from)介词短语，“除……之外”，后接名词或动名词
(3) additional adj. 额外的，附加的
(4) additionally adv.此外,同时
(1) 选词填空 (in addition/in addition to)
①I can post the letter for you. __________， doing some walking does me good.
②________________ the names on the list, there are six other applicants.
③_______________ the school, the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.
(2)完成句子
④The products are of high quality. __________ (另外), the price is low.
⑤________________________(除了游泳)，she likes playing the guitar.
5. in terms of 就……而言；在……方面
①In terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory.
从营养角度来说，快餐是很不令人满意的。
②In terms of working experience，I have a great advantage over others.
③The new teaching method will make a great difference in the long term.
从长远来看，这种新的教学方法将会起到重大作用。
④I would be grateful if you could give me some advice on how to be on good terms with my roommates.
如果你能给我提一些如何与室友保持良好关系的建议，我将不胜感激。
[归纳拓展]
in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言
be on good/bad terms with sb 与某人关系好/不好
come to terms with... 妥协；达成协议;勉强接受
on one's terms 依照某人的条件
(1)单句语法填空
①We have been _________ good terms with all our neighbours since we moved here.
②It was hard to come to terms ________ her death after all the support she gave to me and the family.
(2)完成句子
③____________________________ (就绿色发展而言)，the BeijingTianjinHebei region saw its average PM2.5 density down nearly 40 percent.
④Learning English well is not easy, but it is beneficial ______________ (从长远来看)．
6. capable adj.有能力的；能胜任的
①It is reported that the new type of robots are capable of communicating with people in several languages.
据报道，这种新型机器人能够用好几种语言与人交流。②The bridge is capable of carrying even the heaviest loads.
这座桥甚至可以承载最重的负荷。
[归纳拓展]
(1) be capable of 有能力做某事
(2) incapable adj. 没有能力(做某事)；不能自理的
capably adv. 能干地
(1)单句语法填空
①The children seem to be totally capable of ________ (walk) by themselves.
②If people keep telling you you're __________ (capable), you begin to lose confidence in yourself.
(2)小片段填空
③The________ man was regarded as very boring to work with and was found lying in the road, drunk and ___________.
这个有能力的人被认为和他一起工作很乏味，随后他被发现躺在路边，烂醉如泥。
(2)小片段填空
So don't think that you are ________ of doing everything. Sometimes you can't even ____________ deal with the relationship between people around you.
所以不要认为你什么都能干。有时你甚至不能处理好和你身边的人的关系。
7. desire n．渴望，欲望；愿望 v．渴望；希望
①She felt an overwhelming desire to return home.
她有一种难以克制的想回到家里的愿望。
②Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.
想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。
③I desire that he should call on me on Monday morning.
我希望他周一早晨拜访我。
[归纳拓展]
have a strong desire to do sth迫切想要做某事
have a strong desire for sth
迫切得到某物
(2) desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
(3) desire that...(should) do sth 希望……
【名师点津】
desire既可用作名词，也可用作动词。作名词时，后面的名词性从句以及作动词时的宾语从句中通常用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。
(1)单句语法填空
①I had a strong desire ________ (help) and care for people.
②We all have a strong desire ________ happiness and health.
③She was tired of the humdrum(单调的) life in the countryside and desired ________ (go) out.
④The employees desired that their salaries ________________ (raise).
(2)一句多译
⑤他希望我能出国深造。
He__________ that I ____________ abroad for further education.
→He ________________ abroad for further education.
第3部分
1. beyond prep.无法……；超出……范围； 超越
①As a matter of fact，years of hard work changed her beyond recognition.
事实上，经年的辛苦劳作使她变得认不出来了。
②The driver was charged for driving beyond the speed limit.
那个司机被指控超速了。
③The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，most of which are beyond our control.
[归纳拓展]
beyond recognition 无法辨认
beyond description 无法形容，难以描述
beyond repair/control/belief无法修理/控制/相信
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
beyond one's reach 在某人够不着的地方
beyond compare 无与伦比
完成句子
①Scott's equipment was damaged ________________(无法修理).
②The scenery there was beautiful ________________ (无法形容).
③The town has changed ________________ (认不出来了) since I was last here.
④Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances __________________(我们无法控制).
2. injure v．使受伤，弄伤
①He got injured during the basketball match，which made all of us worried.
他在篮球赛中受伤了，使我们都很着急。
②If you exercise like that, you'll do yourself an injury!
如果你那样锻炼的话，你会受伤的！
③After the accident，the ambulance took the injured to the nearby hospital.
事故发生后，救护车把伤者送到了附近的一家医院。
[归纳拓展]
(1) injury n. 伤害，挫伤
do sb/oneself an injury＝do an injury to sb/oneself 使某人/自己受伤害
(2) injured adj. 受伤的
get/be injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
【易混辨析】 injure/wound/hurt/harm
injure
多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害
wound
指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤
hurt
多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛
harm
指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害，意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do harm to，意为“对……有害”
(1)单句语法填空
①He suffered severe ________ (injure) to the head and arms.
②The woman ________ (injure) in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital.
(2)选词填空(injure/wound/hurt/harm)
③It really ________ that you'd believe her instead of me.
④He didn't realise that he was ________ until the fire had been put out.
(2)选词填空(injure/wound/hurt/harm)
⑤In the most recent attack one man was shot dead and two others were ________.
⑥He claimed that working too hard was ________ his health.
3. cure n．疗法；药剂 v．治愈，治好
① I hold the firm belief that scientists will find a cure for cancer sooner or later.
我坚信科学家迟早有一天会找到治疗癌症的方法。
②Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are likely to have been formed at a very young age.
许多坏习惯特别难以纠正，因为它们可能是人们在年幼时就形成了的。
③She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.
她想尽了一切办法试图改正她孩子的这个坏习惯。
[归纳拓展]
(1) a cure for... …的一种治疗法
beyond cure 不可救药
(2)cure sb of sth 治愈某人(的病等)；纠正/消除某人(的弊病等)
(3)curable adj. 可治愈的
【易混辨析】 cure/treat/heal
cure
作为动词，多用于疾病方面，强调结果，意为“治好，治愈”，是及物动词，其主语可以是医生，也可以是某种药物。表示“治好某人的某种疾病”，要用cure sb of sth
treat
强调“治疗”这一动作，不涉及结果，用于treat sb for sth结构中
heal
多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合
(1)单句语法填空
①The young doctor cured the patient ________ his strange illness.
②No one has found a cure ________ the cold so far.
(2)选词填空(cure/treat/heal)
③When he left hospital ,he was completely ________.
④Fortunately, it didn't take a long time for the wounds to ________.
⑤The doctor tried many ways to ________ the little girl for her illness.
4. attach v．系，绑；贴；连接；附加；(使)附属；(使)隶属
①I have attached my photo to you in my last email. Please check it in the attachment.
我已经把我的照片附在上次给你的邮件里了，请在附件里查一下。
②They've attached a number of conditions to the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了一些条件。
③I attach great importance to my children's education.
我认为子女的教育十分重要。
④At one time the schools were mainly attached to the church.
这些学校曾一度归教会主管。
[归纳拓展]
(1)attach sth to sth 把……附在……上，把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to...
认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj. (作表语)依恋的；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
(3)attachment n. 附件；喜爱；连接
【名师点津】
attach...to...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
(1)单句语法填空
①Now you can buy cameras that attach ________ your wrist, ear, bike helmet and eyeglasses.
②The middle school ________ (attach) to Beijing Normal University is wellknown across the country.
③We should attach importance to ________ (learn) basic skills.
(2)小片段填空
④The young boy is studying in the Senior High that __________________ Shandong University.
这个男孩在山东大学附属高中读书。
(2)小片段填空
He _______________________ learning biology and wants to become a scientist as Tu Youyou.
他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠呦呦那样的科学家。
(2)小片段填空
Every day he ________ some small pieces of paper_________ his desk where there are many key points from the textbook.
每天他都把课本上的知识点写在小纸片上，然后贴在书桌上。
5. account n．记述，描述；账目；账户
① She gave an accurate account of the case.
她对这次事件做了准确的描述。
②When developing our economy, we must take environmental protection into account.
当发展经济时，我们必须把环境保护考虑在内。
③The flight was postponed on account of bad weather.
因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。
④The minority nationalities account for six per cent of the population.
少数民族占人口的百分之六。
[归纳拓展]
(1) give an account of 给予描述；进行说明
take sth into account= take account of sth
认真考虑某事
on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
open an account 开一个账户
(2)account v. 认为；解释
account for (在数量和比例上)占，占据；是……的原因；对……做出解释和说明
(1)单句语法填空
①His illness accounts _________ his absence from school.
②On account _______ his illness，he was never left alone.
(2)同义句转换
③The government should take account of the interests of the disabled.
→The government should ________ the interests of the disabled ____________.
6. come up with 想出；提出
①I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea.
他提出了一个如此美妙的想法，对此我感到惊讶。
②I'm sure it will all come out all right in the end.
我敢肯定最后结局会很好。
③New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones.
新的竹笋将从旧根的周围长出来。
[归纳拓展]
(1) come about 产生；发生
come across 遇见；(偶然)发现
come out 出来；(书等)出版，发行， (花)开
come up 走上前；上来；被提出，被提及
when it comes to... 当涉及……；当谈到……
(2) come up在指“问题、建议、方案等被提出”时为不及物动词短语，主语常为物，无被动语态；come up with意为“提出”，为及物动词短语，主语常为人，宾语为表示建议、计划、方案等的名词。
【名师点津】
常与come up with放在一起考查的短语：
keep up with 与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 容忍，忍受
end up with 以……结束
(1)单句语法填空
①Can you tell me how the accident came ________？
②I came ________ this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.
③When it comes _______ computer games, he is always very excited.
(2)一句多译
④在此次会议上，许多新问题被提了出来。
A lot of new questions __________ at the meeting.
→People ________________ a lot of new questions at the meeting.
(3)选词填空(keep/end/put/come)
⑤I can ________ up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
⑥He ________ up with many ways to make audience burst into laughter.
⑦The modern world has been developing very fast. Every country must ________ up with the time.
⑧After seeing so many houses, we ________ up with buying the one on the lakeside.
第4部分 重点句式
1. So what is it that inspires us to invent things?
那是什么激励着人们进行发明创造呢？
[句式分析]
这是强调句型的特殊疑问句，强调的是句子的主语what。
①It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork ______made a deep impression on us.
(强调主语)
②It is my English teacher ________ I admire most, for she is so devoted to the teaching job.
(强调宾语)
③It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ______ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
(强调状语)
④Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognised.
(强调not until句型)
⑤Was it in your school _______ you met Mary last time?
(强调句的一般疑问句)
⑥What was it ________ made our English teacher so delighted?
(强调句的特殊疑问句)
[归纳拓展]
(1)强调句型的陈述句形式为:
“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”。
一般疑问句形式为:
“Is/Was it...that/who...？”
特殊疑问句形式为:
“特殊疑问词＋is/was ＋that/who...？”
not...until句型的强调句型为:
“It is/was not until...that...”
(2)强调句型可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等，不用来强调谓语和定语。如果被强调部分是宾语且是人，可用that或who，其他一律用that。
同义句转换
①I met John in the street yesterday.
→It was I ____________ met John in the street yesterday.(强调主语)
→It was John ________ I met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)
→It was in the street ________ I met John yesterday.(强调地点状语)
②It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday.
→Who was ________ met John in the street yesterday? (特殊疑问句)
③He didn't realise his mistakes until yesterday.
→It was ________ yesterday ______ he realised his mistakes.(强调句型)
2. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
[句式分析]
along with意为“与……一起；除了……以外(还)”，连接两个名词作句子的主语，谓语动词适用于“就前原则”。
①Tom，along with his friends，________(go) skating every Saturday.
②Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ________(be) working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
[归纳拓展]
主谓一致的“就前原则”：
由along with, together with, with, as well as等连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
单句语法填空
①Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, __________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
②The father as well as his children _______ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
3. However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。
[句式分析]
neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
①Neither Anna nor I _______(be) interested in high finance.
安娜和我对巨额融资都不感兴趣
②Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
③I have neither time nor money for pop festivals.
[归纳拓展]
(1)当neither...nor...连接并列主语时， 谓语动词适用于“就近原则”。
(2)常用于“就近原则”的连词(词组)还有or, either...or..., not only...but also... 及there be句型。
(1)单句语法填空
①Neither I nor he ________ (be) to blame.
②Not only he but also all his family ________ (be) fond of music.
③Either I or they ________ responsible for the result of the matter.
(2)单句写作
④这个小男孩既不会读也不会写。
The little boy can _______________
____________________________.
4. In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
[句式分析]
that it hit him on the head为同位语从句，对抽象名词proof进行解释说明。其中连词that在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，不可省略。
①Please give him a message ____ I won't call on him tomorrow.
②He must answer the question ______ he agrees with it or not.
③I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
[归纳拓展]
同位语从句的用法：
(1)可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words(消息)，possibility，decision等。
[归纳拓展]
同位语从句的用法：
(2)引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether；连接代词有what，who；连接副词how，when，where等。
【名师点津】
that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别：
同位语从句
1) 对前面的名词进行解释说明，是名词的具体内容的体现
2)只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略
定语从句
1) 对前面的名词进行修饰或限定
2) 既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语或宾语
The news ______ I have passed the exam is true.
(同位语从句)
我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
The news _____________ he told me just now is true.
(定语从句)
他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(1)单句写作
①我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I heard the news _______________________________.
②到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
We haven't yet settled the question _______________________________
_______________________________.
(2)判断黑体部分是定语从句还是同位语从句
③He will never forget the days when he lived with his grandparents. ____________
④He has no idea when the meeting will be held.____________
⑤We are glad at the news that he will come.____________
⑥We are sad about the news that he told us.____________
Grammar
现在完成时的被动语态
①Over time I have been changed quite a lot.
②The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.
③The ink has not been removed from the clothes.
④Have they been sent abroad to study English?
⑤Where has the car been repaired?
[我的发现]
(1)以上例句中的时态和语态是_____________________________。
(2)以上例句中第①、②句是该时态的________句式；第③句是_______句式；第④句是__________句式；第⑤句是__________句式。
一、现在完成时被动结构
肯定式
have/has＋been done
否定式
have/has not＋been done
一般疑问式
Have/Has＋主语＋been done？
特殊疑问式
疑问词＋have/has(＋主语)＋been done？
①He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
②The work has not been finished by now.
工作到现在还没有完成。
③Has your computer just been attacked by a virus?
你的电脑刚刚被病毒侵袭过吗？
二、用法
1．表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
①The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。
②The problem has already been solved.
问题已经被解决了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于how long引导的句子中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的被动的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn't watch TV before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业完成之前你不应该看电视。
【名师点津】
常与现在完成时连用的状语：
already 已经
yet已经
recently/lately最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
ever曾经
so far 迄今为止
for a long time很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last few years
在过去的几年里
三、注意事项
1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，要将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
His boss has already punished him.
→He has already been punished (by his boss)．
2．带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．
3．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
I have made her work hard.
→She has been made to work hard.
4．动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语的完整性，动词后原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。
They have referred to the books.
→The books have been referred to (by them)．
He has thought of a way of doing it.
→A way of doing it has been thought of.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Paper money ______________ (use) for over a thousand years.
2．Great changes_____________ (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories ________________(set) up.
3．This book __________________ (translate) into many languages since published.
4．The fire __________(get) to the fifth floor. ________ all the people __________(save)?
5．—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry, but it ____________ (take) already.
6．Some of the famous books _______________(read) by many students.
7．Why don't you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books ___________________ (bring) there.
8．Till now, three films _________________ (show) in that small village this month.
9．Do you know the thief _________________ (catch) by the police?
10．My sister is working in the power plant that ______________ (use) for just one year.
Ⅱ.把下列句子改成被动句
1．We have cleaned our classroom.
→______________________________.
2．He has sold out all his bikes in the shop.
→_____________________________________________________.
3．He hasn't finished his homework.
→_______________________________
_______________________________.
4．Grandma has taken care of the child all these years.
→______________________________________________________________.
5．He has repaired the machine for two hours.
→______________________________________________________________.
6．We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years.
→______________________________________________________________.
7．He has sent me an email.
→______________________________.
→______________________________.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．How many cars ____________ (make) in the factory since 1990?
2．Since your work ____________ (finish), you can have a rest now.
3．More than 50,000 yuan _________________(raise) for the poor family since the group was founded.
4．Black Friday ________________ (regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years.
5．Since the early 1990s, a lot of clinics ____________________(found) in this country to treat poor people for free.
6．Over the past three years, the paintings _________________(show) in more than 20 museums in the world.
7．The English song ________________ (sing) for many years, but we still like it.
8．It's the first time that the little girl ________________ (take) to the zoo.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．They have just connected the printer to the computer.
→______________________________________________________________
2．Tom hasn't sold out all the magazines.
→_______________________________
_______________________________
3．Have you found ways to make waste water clean?
→_____________________________________________________________
4．She has already returned this book to the library.
→_____________________________________________________________
5．We have seen him lie on the ground.
→______________________________________________________________
6．They have put out the big fire.
→_____________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.完成句子
1._______________________________ (男孩们已经被多次告知) not to swim in that lake, but it doesn't make any difference.
2．We are glad to be told that Li Tao _______________________________ (已经被复旦大学录取) for his top scores in the Maths Contest.
3．When and where to go for the on－salary holiday ____________________ (没有确定) yet.
4．Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic __________________(已被改变了)．
5．That book _____________________ (已经被翻译) into at least 20 foreign languages so far.
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