高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures精品达标测试

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Grammar——动词－ing形式作主语
语法感知
1．Even thugh the sun is brightly shining，telling whether it is mrning r night is impssible.
2．Getting here is quite difficult，s apart frm the Sami very few peple have ever seen Sarek.
3．Fr hundreds f years，lking after reindeer was a way f life fr the Sami.
4．Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed t be alive.
【自主发现】
1．动名词由动词变化而来，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。
2．单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词需要用单数。
语法精讲
一、动词－ing形式的时态和语态
1．动词－ing形式通常有以下几种变化形式(以d为例)：
2.动词－ing形式的时态意义
(1)动词－ing形式的一般式多用于表示一般情况，其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。
I enjy listening t classical music.
我喜欢听古典音乐。(一般情况)
She imagined finding a wallet n the sidewalk.
她想象着自己在人行道上发现了一个钱包。(同时)
He suggested studying science.
他建议学习科学。(稍后)
(2)动词－ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
He was praised fr having dne a gd deed.
他因为做了件好事而受到表扬。
3．动词－ing形式的语态
动词－ing形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，动词－ing形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
He insisted n sending her t hspital.
他坚持要把她送到医院去。(执行者)
Srry，I didn’t mean t lse my temper.I just can’t stand being misunderstd.
对不起，我并不是存心要发脾气。我只是受不了被误解。(承受者)
单句语法填空
① (understand) yur wn needs and styles f cmmunicatin is as imprtant as learning t cnvey yur affectin and emtins.
②The film star wears sunglasses.Therefre，he can g shpping withut (recgnize)．
【答案】1.Understanding 2.being recgnized
二、动词－ing形式作主语
1．动词－ing形式作主语的功能及基本用法
功能：动词－ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式。
Using ccaine increases the user’s heart rate and bld pressure.
使用可卡因会加快使用者的心率并使血压升高。
Wasting a persn’s time is the same as killing him fr his prperty.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
[名师提醒] 意义不同的两个动词－ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。
Listening t the English tapes and watching English films are gd ways t learn English.
听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。
2．形式主语it代替动词－ing形式作主语
It is n use talking t him—he wn’t listen.
跟他谈没有用——他不会听的。
It is a waste f time talking abut such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。
[名师提醒]
it作形式主语代替动词－ing形式的常用句型
(1)It is/feels funny ding sth做某事(感觉)很有趣
It is useless ding sth 做某事无用
It is wrthwhile ding sth 做某事是值得的
(2)It’s a waste f time ding sth 做某事是浪费时间
(3)It’s n gd/n use/n fun ding sth 做某事没好处/没用/没意思
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
① (learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday’s children will need fr the future.
② (eat) t much fat is n gd fr yur health.
③It’s a waste f time (try) t persuade such a persn.
④It is n use (write) t him；he never answers letters.
(2)补全句子
⑤ an interesting and rewarding experience.
沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有意义的经历。
【答案】1.Learning 2.Eating 3.trying 4.writing 5.Traveling alng the ld silk Rad is
三、动词－ing形式的否定形式
动词－ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加nt，带有逻辑主语时，nt应放在逻辑主语和动词－ing形式之间。
Nt knwing hw t use a cmputer makes it mre difficult fr him t d his academic research.
不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。
Nt having dne his hmewrk makes the teacher angry.
未完成他的作业让老师很生气。
补全句子
① (没买那条贵裙子) causes the cuple t quarrel.
② (未能通过考试) made him disturbed.
【答案】1.Nt buying the expensive dress2.Nt passing the exam
四、动词－ing形式的复合结构
动词－ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词－ing，即“sb/sb’s＋ding”构成。动词－ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词－ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词－ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：
·形容词性物主代词＋动词－ing形式
·名词所有格＋动词－ing形式
·代词宾格＋动词－ing形式
·名词＋动词－ing形式
Her cming t help encuraged all f us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(＝That she came t help encuraged all f us.)
Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mther upset.
玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。
动词－ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时，不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。
补全句子
① made his teacher very angry.
他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。
② caused s much truble.
简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。
【答案】1.His being late again 2.Jane’s being carelessness
随堂练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is n gd (say) such ugly wrds t him.
2． (laugh at) is what I hate mst.
3． (bath) makes the baby smell unpleasant.
4．Planting many trees (be) very gd fr ur envirnment.
5． is a waste f time persuading such a persn t jin us.
6． (educate) in Beijing University is the dream f many students.
7． (receive) a reply made the manager wrried.
8．But (use) cheese brine(盐水) culd help bth cheese prducers and cities save mney.
9．Building up a dream team (be) mre cmplex than simply hiring the best talent.
10．It’s n use (cmplain) withut taking actin.
【答案】1.saying 2.Being laughed a3.Nt being bathed4.is 5.It 6.Being educated7.Nt having received8.using 9.is 10.cmplaining
Ⅱ.补全句子
1． arguing with him.
和他争论真是浪费时间。
2． in the mrning made him late fr class.
他早上起晚了，这导致他上课迟到了。
3． makes me fail t studying.
我哥哥弹吉他使我无法专心学习。
4． by the lcal villager made us find the strange cave quickly.
在当地村民的引路下，我们很快找到了那个奇怪的山洞。
5．It’s n gd ．
整天在床上睡觉没有好处。
6． is a very gd habit.
饭后散步是一个很好的习惯。
7． is nt a pleasure but a suffering.
在这种环境中工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
8． his hmewrk allws him t turn n the TV.
做完作业后，他就可以打开电视了。
【答案】1.It’s a waste f time 2.His getting up late3.My brther’s playing the guitar，get dwn t4.Having been led the way5. sleeping in bed all day6.Walking after a meal7.Wrking in this envirnment8.Having finished
语法填空
The wrld is a clrful landscape f different languages，skin clrs and different cultures.It’s imprtant t develp an 1.____________ (appreciate) fr different cultures in rder t becme a well－runded persn wh is 2.____________ (sense) t the unique qualities f thers.One way t develp this pleasure is t try t learn abut ther cultures arund the wrld.
There are several ways t becme knwledgeable abut different cultures.One way is t read bks 3.____________ (write) by authrs frm different (read) wrks by authrs 5.__________________ have a clse relatinship with ne specific culture allws peple t gain an authentic glimpse int the fd，music，language，religin，and way f life f 6.____________ particular grup f peple.
Fr example，when a teacher 7.____________ (wish) t expse her students 8.____________ a different culture，she will ften read them stries based n that (learn) abut varius tribes f Native Americans，she may read students bks like The Rugh－Face Girl by Rafe Martin.She may invite Native American 10.____________ (stryteller) t visit the classrm s students can listen t authentic tales frm that particular culture.
【语篇解读】 世界是不同语言、不同肤色、不同文化构成的多彩风景。培养对不同文化的欣赏能力很重要，其中一个方法是阅读来自特定文化的作者写的书。阅读这些作品可以让人们真正地了解特定人群的饮食、音乐、语言、宗教和生活方式。
1．appreciatin 【解析】考查词性转换。根据设空处前的不定冠词an可知，设空处应用名词。
2．sensitive 【解析】考查词性转换。be sensitive t为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感/感受力强的”。故填sensitive。
3．written 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词形式；设空处和bks构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填written。
4．Reading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。________ wrks by authrs在句中作主语，设空处应用动名词形式，且位于句首，故填Reading。
5．wh/that 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为authrs，指人，且在从句中作主语。故填wh/that。
6．a 【解析】考查冠词。a grup f为固定搭配，意为：“一群……”。故填a。
7．wishes 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为a teacher，设空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填wishes。
8．t 【解析】考查介词。为固定搭配，意为“使……接触……”。故填t。
9．T learn 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，且位于句首。故填T learn。
10．strytellers 【解析】考查名词单复数。stryteller意为“(尤指给儿童)讲故事的人”，为可数名词；根据句意可知，此处表泛指，指不止一个会讲故事的人，应用复数形式。
写作园地
Writing——介绍旅游景点
一、写作特点
写旅游景点介绍类文章首先要按照一定的结构顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)和模式(先总后分、由整体到局部、由概述到细节等)来展开。其次，文章要重点突出，详略得当。写作时不一定要面面俱到，应重点描写该旅游景点的特别之处，突出其特色(如其独特的风景、历史文化、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗或名胜古迹等)，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。最后，语言要生动、富有感染力，使读者有身临其境之感，且产生强烈的旅游欲望。
二、写作步骤
在写这类文章时，通常有以下几个步骤：首先，整体介绍景点，例如它基本的地理位置或人文环境；其次，具体介绍其代表性的历史价值或突出的人文特色等；最后，总结概括并吸引读者前去旅游。
在语言特点上要注意：第一，时态多用一般现在时；第二，方位词要准确运用，过渡词要恰当；第三，遣词造句要简洁，不可过分渲染或模棱两可。
1．介绍旅游景点地理位置
(1)表示“位置”的句型
①＋地点状语 位于……
② lcated/situated＋地点状语 坐落于……
(2)表示“海拔”的句型
＋数词＋metres abve the sea level.
……海拔……米。
2．介绍某地旅游景点
(1)列举“风景名胜”
①There are many places f interest，such as...
这里有许多名胜，比如……
② many places f interest，amng which is...
……有许多名胜，其中就有……
(2)表述地区特色
① famus/well－knwn fr...
……因……而闻名。
② famus/well－knwn as...
……作为……而闻名。
③ cvered with...……为……所覆盖。
④ made up f/cnsists f...……由……组成。
3．介绍旅游景点历史背景
① a lng histry
……有……年的历史。
② a．
……是拥有……历史的地方/国家。
③ back t/dates frm...
……可以追溯到……年代。
假定你是秦皇岛市的一名中学生李华，请根据以下要点向准备来你校作交换生的英国同学介绍一下位于秦皇岛旅游区著名的河北海滨国家森林公园。
要点：
1．位于秦皇岛市北戴河区，占地1，600多公顷；
2．森林茂密，栖息着多种珍稀动物，鸟类380余种，占河北省鸟类总数的90%多；
3．欢迎游览。
注意：1.词数100左右：
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：公顷hectare
第一步 审题谋篇
第二步 要点翻译
1．河北海滨国家森林公园在中国是一个极好的旅游景点。
Hebei Castal Natinal Frest Park is an__incredible__turist__attractin in China.
2．它是一个以茂密的森林和大量珍稀动物，特别是各种鸟类资源而闻名的公园。
It__is__a__park__best__knwn__fr its thick frest and abundance f rare animals，especially varieties f birds.
3．它以其令人叹为观止的美吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
It__appeals__t__turists frm all ver the wrld with its breathtaking beauty.
4．你会发现在这儿的旅行是令人愉快且有益的。
Yu will find__yur__trip here enjyable__and__rewarding．
第三步 词句升级
1．用过去分词作状语改写句子
Hebei Castal Natinal Frest Park is lcated in Beidaihe District，Qinhuangda City.It is an incredible turist attractin in China.
→Lcated__in Beidaihe District，Qinhuangda City，Hebei Castal Natinal Frest Park is an incredible turist attractin in China.
2．用现在分词作状语改写句子
The park cvers mre than 1，600 hectares and is hme t ver 380 varieties f birds.
→Cvering__mre__than__1，600__hectares，the park is hme t ver 380 varieties f birds.
3．用定语从句改写句子
Cvering mre than 1，600 hectares，the park is hme t ver 380 varieties f birds.They accunt fr mre than 90% f the whle amunt f bird kinds in Hebei Prvince.
→Cvering mre than 1，600 hectares，the park is hme t ver 380 varieties f birds，which__accunt__fr mre than 90% f the whle amunt f bird kinds in Hebei Prvince.
4．用动名词短语作主语改写句子
Yu shuld take a walk in such a frest.It is nt just a time fr relaxatin.
→Taking__a__walk in such a frest is nt just a time fr relaxatin.
第四步 连句成篇
Lcated in Beidaihe District，Qinhuangda City，Hebei Castal Natinal Frest Park is an incredible turist attractin in China.It is a park best knwn fr its thick frest and abundance f rare animals，especially varieties f birds.Cvering mre than 1，600 hectares，the park is hme t ver 380 varieties f birds，which accunt fr mre than 90% f the whle amunt f bird kinds in Hebei Prvince.It appeals t turists frm all ver the wrld with its breathtaking beauty.
Hebei Castal Natinal Frest Park is thught t be a must fr bird watchers.Taking a walk in such a frest is nt just a time fr relaxatin.Yu will find yur trip here enjyable and rewarding.
假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Nick将于八月来湖北旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点的情况。请根据下表所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。
注意：1.词数100左右，信的格式及开头已为你写好(不计入总词数);
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：黄鹤楼the Yellw Crane Twer；三峡大坝the Three Grges Dam；赤壁the Red Cliff
Dear Nick，
I’m glad t hear that yu’re cming t Hubei in August.








Yurs sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Nick，
I’m glad t hear that yu’re cming t Hubei in August.Yu’ve made a wise chice t travel here.
As we all knw，Hubei Prvince is rich in turist attractins and has many wrld－famus places f interest，such as the Yellw Crane Twer，the Three Grges Dam and the Red Cliff.The Yellw Crane Twer，lcated n the Snake Hill in Wuchang，is ne f the “Three Famus Twers Suth f the Yangtze River”．The East Lake in Wuhan is well－knwn fr its beautiful scenery，where yu can take a dip and g bating.Anther attractin is the Three Grges Dam which plays an imprtant part in irrigatin and prducing electricity.Besides，the nice weather and cnvenient transprt here can make yur trip mre enjyable.I’m sure yu’ll have a gd time.
I am lking frward t yur arrival.
Yurs__sincerely，
Li__Hua
分层提分
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little girl whse parents had died lived with her grandmther and slept in an upstairs bedrm.
One night there was a fire in the huse and the grandmther died while trying t rescue the child.The fire spread quickly，and the situatin was terrible.
Neighburs called the fire department，and then std helplessly.They were unable t enter the huse because flames blcked all the entrances.The little girl appeared at an upstairs windw，crying fr help，just as wrds spread amng the crwd that the firefighters wuld be delayed a few minutes because they were all at anther fire.
Suddenly，a man appeared with a ladder，put it up against the side f the huse and disappeared inside.When he reappeared，he had the little girl in his arms.He delivered the child t the waiting arms belw，and then disappeared int the night.
An investigatin revealed that the child had n living relatives，and weeks later a meeting was held in the twn hall t determine wh wuld take the child int their hme and bring her up.
A teacher said she wuld like t raise the child.She pinted ut that she culd ensure her a gd educatin.A farmer ffered her an upbringing n his farm.He pinted ut that living n a farm was healthy and satisfying.Others als spke，giving their reasns why it was t the child’s advantage t live with them.
Finally，the twn’s richest resident rse and said，“I can give this child all the advantages that yu have mentined here，plus mney and everything that mney can buy.”
Thrughut all this，the child remained silent，with her eyes fixed n the flr.
“Des anyne else want t speak？” asked the meeting chairman.A man came frward frm the back f the hall.He walked slwly and appeared t be in pain.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
When he gt t the frnt f the rm，he std directly in frnt f the little girl and held ut his arms.





When asked abut her chice，the girl gave peple the answer firmly.





【参考范文】
When he gt t the frnt f the rm，he std directly in frnt f the little girl and held ut his arms.His hands and arms were terribly scarred.The little girl cried ut，“This is the man wh rescued me！” With a leap，she threw her arms arund the man’s neck.She buried her face in his shulder and sbbed fr a few mments.
When asked abut her chice，the girl gave peple the answer firmly.She stated happily that she wuld live with him.She said in a lw but determined vice，“I really desire t get a gd educatin that will give me chances t live ut my dreams.Besides，I knw that mney means a lt t me since I have n relatives t rely n.But it’s he wh saved my life when I was desperately facing a fire like that.Withut him，I wuldn’t be here，making a new chice.I hpe that I can d whatever I can t pay back his kindness.” 语态
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
体裁
说明文
时态
以一般现在时为主
主题
介绍森林公园的主要特色
人称
以第三人称为主
布局
1.简要介绍位置和主要特色
2．欢迎游览
旅游资源
许多著名的风景名胜，如黄鹤楼(位于武昌蛇山，江南三大名楼之一)；三峡大坝(对灌溉和发电起着重要的作用)；东湖；赤壁等等。
相关信息
气候适宜，交通方便