人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration精品当堂达标检测题

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You may plan to write a book some day, but you are living a book every day. The “Great Biographer” is writing the book of your life on the pages of time. Each day is a page, and each year is a chapter.也许有一天你会计划着写一本书，但是你每天都书写着自己的人生这本书。这部伟大的“自传”在时间的书页上书写着你的人生。一天书写一页，一年书写一章。
Using Language & Other Parts
目标导航


重点词汇
1．reveal vt.　揭示；显示；露出
2．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
3．tick vt. 给(试卷、问题等)打钩号vi. (钟表)发出嘀嗒声n. 钩号
4．imply vt. 意味着；暗示
5．stare vi. 盯着看；凝视n. 凝视
6．perceive vt. 察觉；看待；理解
7．distinguish vi.& vt. 区分；辨别
8．chest n. 胸部；胸膛
9．merely adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过
10．bother vi.& vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心n. 麻烦；不便
11．weep vi.& vt. 哭泣；流泪
12．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突vi. 冲突；抵触
13．inquire vi.& vt. 询问；打听
14．ultimately adv. 最终；最后
词汇拓展
1．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育→education n．教育
2．tendency n．趋势；倾向→tend vi.趋向；趋于 vt.照料；护理
3．lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的→low adj.低的；矮的
4．barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bare adj.祼体的；祼露的；光秃秃的；荒芜的；最基本的
5．distract vt.分散(注意力)；使分心→distraction n．分散注意力的事；使人分心的事
6．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
7．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的；感到窘迫的(指人)→embarrassing adj.令人窘迫的(指物)→embarrass vt.使窘迫
8．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞愧；惭愧
9．adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustment n．调整；适应
10．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n．回应

重点词组
1．In other words　换句话说；也就是说
2．Call on 访问；要求；正式邀请
3．At work 起作用；忙着……
4．Put one’s feet up 坐下休息
5．Tend to 倾向于
6．Occupy oneself in/with 从事于，忙于
7．Stare at 凝视；盯着看
8．Adjust to 调整；调节；适应
重点句型
1．have＋宾语＋过去分词作宾补
So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
如果一个学生把头低下去看手表，那就表明他厌烦了，只是在数着时间等下课。
2．部分否定
Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然，并不是所有抬头看的学生都是在专心听课。
3．as though 引导表语从句
It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.
那就好像他们在睁着眼睛睡觉。
4．with复合结构在句中作状语
With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.
他们用手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。


知识精讲

知识点01 原文呈现
HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS?
As an educator①， people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students【1】．Many students are quite shy and don’t speak all that② much.At the same time，in a classroom of more than forty students，it is hard to have many one－on－one③ conversations with each person.So，how can I really know what makes each student tick④？
【1】how在此引导宾语从句；在该从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句。
My answer? I look at their body language.
It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson.Most tend to look up and make eye contact.When I make a joke，they smile.When I talk about something difficult，they look confused.I know when students are really interested，however，because they lean forward and look at me.People have a tendency⑤ to lean towards whatever they are interested in.So if a student has his head lowered⑥ to look at his watch，it implies⑦ he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.If two friends are leaning their heads together，they are probably writing notes to each other.Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class【2】．Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact.Their eyes barely⑧ move，and they always have the same distant⑨ expression on their faces.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open【3】．
【2】本句为部分否定句，句中包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词everyone。
【3】as though在此引导表语从句，意为“好像；好比”；with their eyes open为with复合结构，在句中作状语，该复合结构中形容词open作宾补。
Some students are amused by something else.They spend all their time looking anywhere but⑩ at me.Then again，some students’ favourite activity is daydreaming⑪.With their chins⑫ on their hands【4】，they occupy⑬ themselves by staring⑭ out of the window or up at the ceiling⑮.They are certainly interested in something，but who knows what.The main thing is reminding distracted⑯ students that they need to pay attention in class【5】．
【4】此处为with复合结构，在句中作状语，介词短语on their hands作宾补。
【5】reminding distracted students...in class为v.－ing短语作表语，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。
While it is easy to perceive⑰ when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish⑱ when students are troubled【6】．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety⑲ may have their arms crossed in front of their chests⑳ and their legs closed or crossed【7】，like they are guarding their bodies.Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home【8】．Whatever it is，I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.
【6】While在此引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”；when引导的两个宾语从句分别作perceive和distinguish的宾语；两个it分别在从句和主句中作形式主语，真正的主语均为后面的不定式短语。
【7】本句为主从复合句，who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词Students，该从句中have their arms crossed...and their legs closed or crossed为“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词crossed，closed，crossed并列作宾补。
【8】that在此引导表语从句，该从句采用了现在进行时，表示在该阶段正在进行的动作。
Ultimately，my duty is helping every student to learn.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school.Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher【9】．
【9】该句中，v.－ing短语Reacting to body language作主语；being a teacher作介词of的宾语。
课文译文
我如何了解我的学生？
作为一名教育工作者，人们经常问我如何了解学生们正在想什么。许多学生相当害羞，所以他们的话并不那么多。与此同时，在40多人的教室里，很难与每个学生都展开一对一的交谈。那么，我是如何搞清楚每个学生为何会这样的呢？
我的答案？我观察他们的肢体语言。
要识别学生何时对一堂课感兴趣是很容易的。大多学生都会抬头看，进行眼神交流。我开玩笑的时候，他们会笑。我讲到比较难的地方的时候，他们看起来很困惑。但是，我知道学生们真正感兴趣的时候，因为他们会身体前倾看着我。人们往往会把身体倾向他们感兴趣的事物。因此，如果学生低头看表，这意味着他感到厌倦，正在默默倒数，等着下课。如果两个朋友把头靠在一起，他们可能是在互相写纸条。当然了，课堂上并不是每个抬头的人都在专心听讲。有的学生抬着头，但没有眼神交流。他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上表情疏远呆滞，好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
有些学生会被别的事情逗乐。他们所有时间都看着别处，就是不看我。不过，有些学生最喜欢的活动就是做白日梦。他们手托着下巴，专注地盯着窗外或天花板看。他们确实是有感兴趣的事，但谁知道是什么。重要的是要提醒分神的学生在课上集中注意力。
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。(那些)生气、害怕或正处于焦虑的学生可能会双臂交叉放在胸前，两腿并拢或交叉，好像是在保护他们的身体一样。(那些)难过或忧虑的学生几乎总是皱着眉头，他们也可能用手捂着脸，仿佛感觉尴尬或羞愧。有些学生之所以这样做，仅仅是因为不想被老师喊到。但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。可能是她与其他同学或家人发生了严重的冲突。无论什么原因，我都需要询问并判定发生了什么。
最后，我的职责就是帮助每一位学生学习。他们的肢体语言让我知道何时该调整课堂活动，何时去干预，何时与学生单独交谈，好让他们都能从学校得到最大的收获。对肢体语言作出反应是做老师非常重要的一部分。
知识点2 tendency n．趋势；倾向
People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.
人们通常会向他们感兴趣的东西倾斜身体。
(have) a tendency to do sth(有)做某事的倾向；通常做某事
(have) a tendency to/towards (有)……的倾向
there is a tendency (for sb/sth) to do sth (某人/某物)有做某事的趋势
tend v. 往往会；倾向于；照料
tend to do sth 往往会做某事；倾向于做某事
tend to/towards 有……的倾向
tend (to) sb/sth 照料某人/某物
①People less sleep as they get older.
随着年龄的增长，人需要的睡眠通常会减少。
②The sort of music I listen to varies，but it tends light music.
我听的音乐形形色色，但是倾向于轻音乐。
③Sofia was in the bedroom her son.
索菲娅在卧室里照料她的儿子。
[链接写作]　补全句子
④ increasing children later in life.
女性晚育趋势不断上升。
⑤There is a general garbage sorting in our country.
在我们国家，垃圾分类成为普遍的趋势。
【答案】1. tend to need 2.towards 3.tending (to) 4.There is an,tendency for women to have5.tendency towards
知识点3 occupy vt.占据；占用(时间、空间)；占领；使忙于(做某事)
With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.
他们双手托着下巴，盯着窗外或天花板。
Even quite a small aircraft occupies a lot of space.
即使很小的飞机也要占很大的空间。
occupy oneself with sth　　　忙于(做)某事
occupy oneself (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
occupy sb’s mind/thoughts/attention 占据某人的脑海/思想/注意力
occupation n. 占领；职业；工作
occupied adj. 忙于……的；已被占用的
be occupied with sth 忙于某事
be occupied in (doing) sth 忙于(做)某事
①Later I went to a café to have lunch，but all the tables had been .
随后我去一家小餐馆吃午餐，可是满座了。
② (occupy) with her work，she didn’t even notice the heavy snowfall outside the window.
由于忙于工作，她甚至没有注意到窗外下着大雪。
③I have been so occupied my work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
我一直太忙于工作，以至于没有时间参加社交活动。
[链接写作]　补全句子/一句多译
④One of his is fishing，which most of his spare time，and his wife often reminds him that he should his work.
他的业余活动之一是钓鱼，这占用了他大部分的业余时间，他的妻子经常提醒他应该专注于工作。
⑤她在家忙于照看三个孩子不再有时间参加各种各样的活动。
→She 3 children at home，so she no longer has time to take part in the various activities.
→ 3 children at home，she no longer has time to take part in the various activities.
→ 3 children at home，she no longer has time to take part in the various activities.
【答案】1.occupied2.Occupied3.in 4.occupations ,occupies ,be occupied in5.is occupied in looking after,Occupied in looking after,Occupying herself in looking after
知识点4 stare vi.& vt.凝视，盯着看
stare at sb　盯着某人看，凝视某人
stare sb up and down 上下打量某人
①I stared at the door and wondered why she didn’t appear.
我盯着门口看，想知道她为什么没有出现。
②The child stared the stranger up and down.
那个孩子上下打量着这个陌生人。
[辨析比较]　stare at/glance at/glare at
易混词
区别
例句
stare at
指长时间盯着某个目标看，且常带有粗鲁、茫然或不礼貌的意味。
It’s impolite to stare at foreign visitors in the street.在大街上盯着外国游客看是不礼貌的。
glance at
指匆匆一看或瞥一眼，强调看的时间短暂。
She glanced at the envelope and recognized her uncle’s handwriting.
她看了一眼信封就认出了她叔叔的笔迹。
glare at
指怒视，强调敌对或威胁的态度。
He didn’t shout；he just glared at me silently.
他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。
[链接写作]　选择填空：stare at/glance at/glare at/补全句子
③The mother was trembling with anger.She her son and said nothing.
④ the clock on the wall，Alice found that she was late.
⑤With the audience her，the little girl felt nervous on the stage.
⑥I don’t think he saw me just now.He (只是一直在盯着天空)．
【答案】3.glared at 4.Glancing at5.staring at 6.was just staring at the sky
知识点5 distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别；认出；使有别于
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
尽管很容易就能察觉到学生何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或何时精力不集中，但有时很难分辨学生何时遇到了困惑。
distinguish A from B　显示出特性；将A与B区别开
distinguish between A and B 辨别，识别(两者)之间的不同
distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)使出众；使著名
be distinguished for 因……而出名
①If the room had not been dark，he would have the two pictures.
如果房间不暗的话，他就能辨别出这两幅画了。
②They can even distinguish their mother’s voice that of a female stranger.
他们甚至能区分妈妈的声音和一个陌生女性的声音。
③She has already distinguished herself an athlete.
作为运动员她已享有盛名。
[链接写作]　补全句子
④He has already a pianist.
作为钢琴家他已享有盛名。
⑤He his profound learning in mathematics.
他以其数学上的渊博学识而闻名。
【答案】1.distinguished 2.from 3.as 4.distinguished himself as5.is distinguished for
知识点6 embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.
他们也可能用手掩面，好像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。
be/feel embarrassed about/at sth
因某事而感到难为情
be embarrassed to do sth 十分难堪地去做某事
embarrass vt. 使窘迫
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
embarrassment n. 尴尬；难堪
to one’s embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是
①We believe the company will be seriously if it does not get the loan.
我们认为如果这家公司得不到这笔贷款，势必陷入严重的经济困难。
②Linda felt embarrassed about (break) the boss’s glass carelessly.
琳达因不小心打破了老板的玻璃杯而感到尴尬。
③To my (embarrass)，they all ignored me.
让我难堪的是，他们都不理我。
[链接写作]　补全句子
④ to give my opinion in public.
不得不当众表达我的观点让我很尴尬。
⑤That was for me.
那种情形让我难堪。
⑥We apologise this may have caused.
我们为因此可能带来的尴尬表示歉意。
【答案】1.embarrassed 2.breaking 3.embarrassment 4.It embarrassed me to have 5.an embarrassing situation6.for any embarrassment
知识点7 adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯
Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school.
他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该介入，什么时候该单独和学生谈话，这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。
adjust to (doing) sth 适应/习惯(做)某事
adjust oneself to (doing) sth 使某人自己适应/习惯(做)某事
adjustable adj. 可调整的；可调节的
adjustment n. 调整；调节
make an adjustment to.../make adjustments to... 对……作出调整
①We have some our original plan.
我们已经对原计划作出一些调整。
②You will quickly the new environment.
你将很快适应新环境。
③At the beginning of the term，our teacher told us that our learning plans should (adjust) correctly to the new situation，and that all of us should adjust ourselves it.We all accepted our teacher’s suggestion and made (adjust)．Soon we got used to the new situation and got good marks.
新学期开始时，老师告诉我们，(我们)应该恰当地调整学习计划以使其适应新情况，还有我们都应该调整自己以适应新情况。我们都接受了老师的建议，并作出了调整。很快我们就适应了新情况，并取得了好成绩。
[链接写作]　补全句子
④Astronauts have to the weightless conditions.
宇航员必须使自己适应失重状态。
⑤As a teacher，you have to the needs of your students.
作为一名教师，你必须根据学生的需要调整教学方法。
【答案】1.made ,adjustments to 2. adjust yourself to3.be adjusted ,to ,adjustments 4.adjust themselves to 5.adjust your teaching methods to
知识点8 in other words换句话说；也就是说
I found that the work I was doing had been done by other people—in other words，I was wasting my time.我发现我在做别人已完成的工作，换句话说，我是在浪费时间。
含有word/words的其他常用表达
keep one’s word　遵守诺言
break one’s word 失信；食言
have a word with... 与……谈一谈
have words with... 与……争吵
eat one’s words 承认说错了话
in a word 总之；简言之
give sb my word that... 向某人保证……
Word came that... 有消息称……
①He broke his word again and I can’t trust him anymore.
他又一次食言了，我再也不能相信他了。
②I think I will have a word with the naughty boy in private.
我想我要和这个淘气的男孩私下谈一谈。
③In a word，we must try our best to protect the environment.
总之，我们必须尽最大努力来保护环境。
④I give you my word that this won’t happen again.
我向你保证这种事不会再次发生。
⑤Word came that Tom went to Germany last month.
有消息说汤姆上个月去德国了。
[链接写作]　补全句子
⑥ ，I’m very satisfied with your work.
总之，我对你的工作很满意。
⑦The manager asked him not to come again. ，he was fired.
经理让他不要再来了。换句话说，他被解雇了。
⑧She repeated their conversation to me.
她一字不差地把他们的谈话向我复述了一遍。
⑨Once we ，nobody will trust us again.
一旦我们食言，就不会再有人相信我们了。
⑩ the outing would be put off.
有消息说郊游要推迟了。
【答案】6.In a word7.In other words8.word for word9.break our word10.Word came that
知识点9 call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.
有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。
含有call的其他常用短语
call at　拜访(某地)
call back 回电话
call for 需要；要求
call in 召来
call off 取消
call upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call up 打电话；想起
①Let’s call on John/at John’s house.
咱们去看看约翰吧/去约翰家吧。
②She said she would call me back.
她说她会给我回电话。
③His promotion calls for a celebration.
他的晋升需要庆祝一下。
④He was seriously ill so a doctor (call) in at once.
他病得很重，因此人们马上找来了一位医生。
⑤The flight was called because of bad weather.
这个航班因为糟糕的天气被取消了。
⑥He called the people of this town to vote against the measure.
他号召本镇居民投票，反对这一措施。
[链接写作]　补全句子
⑦The music ．
音乐让人回想起往日的时光。
⑧He is ill；you should right away.
他病了；你应该立即请大夫来。
⑨The game due to the heavy rain.
比赛因大雨而被取消。
【答案】4.was called5.off 6.on 7.calls up old times8. call in the doctor9.was called off
知识点10 So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
所以，如果一个学生低头看他的手表，这意味着他感到很无聊，只是在数着下课的时间。
使役动词have的常见用法
①“have＋宾语＋do sth”意为“让……做某事”。
②“have＋宾语＋doing sth”意为“使……处于(某种状态)；使……作出(某种反应)；容忍……做某事(多用在否定句中)”。
③“have＋宾语＋done sth”意为“使……被……；让(他人)为你做某事；蒙受(他人所为的后果)”。
①I’ll you to your room.
我会让赫德森带你去你的房间。
②He attentively.
他抓住了听众的注意力。
③We late all the time.
我们不能容忍有人总是迟到。
④She had all her jewellery (steal)．
她所有的首饰都被偷了。
[链接写作]　翻译句子
⑤让机器一直运行不是一个好主意。
.
⑥你想让谁和你一起去？
?
【答案】1.have Hudson show 2.had his audience listening3.can’t have people arriving4.stolen 5.It is not a good idea to have the machine running all the time6.Who would you like to have go with you
知识点11 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对课程)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
while连接句子时的用法
①while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”，常位于句首。
②while用作并列连词，表对比关系，翻译成“而”。
③while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，从句谓语需要用延续性动词。
①While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
②I like singing while Mary likes dancing.
我喜欢唱歌而玛丽喜欢跳舞。
③A student came to see you while you were out a moment ago.
刚才你外出时，有个学生来见你。
④He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.
他做着做着功课就睡着了。
[链接写作]　翻译句子
⑤尽管这对双胞胎看起来一样，但他们却有完全不同的性格。
.
⑥当我们谈话的时候，老师进来了。
.
⑦在学校里，有些学生很活跃而其他的却很腼腆。
.
【答案】5.While/Though/Although the twins look the same，they have totally different characters.6.While we were talking，the teacher came in7.At school，some students are active while others are shy

分层提分


题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．During a fight，a true friend will remain loyal and will not (泄露) your secrets.
2．The teacher’s smile (暗示) that she had forgiven me for my rudeness.
3．There is no need to (操心) yourself about small things because they can only waste your time and energy.
4．You can (阐明) this question if you make a careful study of British history.
5．To (降低) the house prices，several measures have been adopted in the last two years.
6．Ken gave me an (尴尬的) smile when I asked where he had been.
7．I wasn’t blaming anyone；I (只是) said errors like these could be avoided.
8．If something bad happens on a particular day，people will have a (倾向) to associate that day with the negative events.
【答案】1.reveal 2.implied 3.bother 4.clarify 5.lower 6.embarrassed 7.merely 8.tendency
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I know John is occupying himself in (carry) out scientific research，so I won’t bother him with such little things.
2．From the matter，you should learn how (distinguish) right from wrong.
3．I wasn’t sure how he would react what you suggested.
4．I still need time to adjust (me) to a new environment especially in a new country.
5．When faced with stress and panic，we have tendency to turn to our parents or friends for help.
6．When you choose your future career，you should see makes you tick to choose it.
7．What made us relieved was that protective clothing (ultimate) arrived at the hospitals in time.
8．I really felt ashamed failing to lend a hand to my neighbor when he was in need.
9．In daily life，we might have some conflicts with our friends and family where to go for holidays.
10．Afraid of (blame) by his father，he kept quiet about his failure in the final exams.
【答案】1.carrying 2.to distinguish3.myself 4.myself 5.a 6.what 7.ultimately 8.of 9.over 10.being blamed
Ⅲ.选词填空
for instance，make sense，in other words，lean forward，put one’s feet up，pay attention to，call on，at work
1．The old man and slightly patted me on the shoulder.
2．No matter how many times you read it，this sentence doesn’t to me.
3．Your mistake shows the importance of the details in our life.
4．The host the head teacher to make a report before the meeting.
5．He seated himself in the chair across from the sofa and on the footstool(脚凳)．
6．He is very tired，because he has been busy working for three months. ，he needs a holiday.
7．A Frenchman， ，might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.
8．While watching the artist on the painting，I was deeply attracted.
【答案】1. leaned forward 2.make sense3.paying attention to4.called on5.put his feet up6.In other words7.for instance8.at work
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．Our teacher loves us deeply ．(as though)
我们的老师非常爱我们，就像我们是她的孩子一样。
2．I saw him wandering around the playground ．(with复合结构)
我看见他在操场上闲逛，一只手插在口袋里。
3． ，they recognized each other at first sight.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管他们多年未见，但还是第一眼就认出了彼此。
4． ，so I won’t agree with you.(not that)
你周末的计划不是那么实际，因此我不会同意的。
5． ，I’ll always be at your side！(whatever)
不管在通往成功的路上会发生什么，我永远都会在你的身边！
6．Please while they are reviewing their lessons.(have＋宾语＋宾补)
请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。
【答案】1.as though we were her own children2.with a hand in the pocket3.While they hadn’t met for many years4.Your plan for the weekend is not that practical5.Whatever happens on the way to success6.don’t have the students disturbed

题组B 能力提升练
课文语法填空
As 1.____________ educator，I can know what is going on in my students’ minds by observing their body language and then make 2.____________ (adjust) to maximize my class efficiency.
When students lean forward and look at me，I know they are really interested in the lesson.But if a student lowers his head to look at his watch，it implies he is bored.When two students lean 3.____________ (they) heads together，it shows they 4.____________ (write) notes to each other.When a student looks up but there is an absence of eye contact，I guess that he is paying no attention in class.
When a student is 5.____________ (distract)，he always looks anywhere but at me.Those 6.____________ are angry，afraid or experiencing anxiety may have their arms 7.____________ (cross) in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies.Students who are sad or worried always wear a frown.If a student doesn’t brush her hair and her eyes are red 8.____________ weeping，there must be deeper issues at work.
Ultimately，my duty is helping every student to learn.Their body language lets me know when 9.____________ (change) class activities，when to intervene and when to talk to students 10.____________ (individual)．Reacting to body language is an important part of being a teacher.
1.an　【解析】考查冠词。此处表示泛指一名教育工作者，故应用不定冠词；educator的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
2．adjustments　【解析】考查名词。句中make为动词，后应接名词作宾语；动词adjust的名词形式为adjustment；短语make adjustments/an adjustment意为“作出调整”。
3．their　【解析】考查代词。由空后的名词heads及语境可知，空处表示“他们的”，故填形容词性物主代词their。
4．are writing　【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处表示两个学生头凑在一起，这表明他们正在写纸条，故应用现在进行时。
5．distracted　【解析】考查形容词。此处表示当一个学生分心时，他会看除我以外的任何地方。根据语境可知，此处应填形容词，表示“分心的”。
6．who　【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词为Those且指人，故应填关系代词who。
7．crossed　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构，作宾语的arms与cross之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。
8．from　【解析】考查介词。此处表示两眼因哭泣而发红。介词from可表示“由于，因为”。
9．to change　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语，故填to change。
10．individually　【解析】考查副词。空处在句中作状语，故应用副词。
七选五
One of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms.__1__，but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally.
__2__．Open hands and arms，especially extended，and with hands up in front of the body at chest height，indicates that what you’re saying is important，and，especially when people are speaking in public，a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point.However，research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying.
Openness or honesty.__3__，they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person.Footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didn’t do it.
Nervousness.If a person puts his hand to his mouth，this either indicates that he is hiding something，or that he is nervous.__4__，and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body.
Feeling defensive.Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself.It is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere people feel a bit insecure.People also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone，to show that they disagree with what is being said.__5__！
A．Saying something important
B．When people want to be open or honest
C．Hand and arm gestures are sometimes intentional
D．But this gesture can simply mean that the person is cold
E．Playing with your fingers，like tapping the table，also shows anxiety
F．This gesture is typical of lawyers，accountants，and other professionals
G．When someone puts up his both hands，he probably gives in to his enemies
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了肢体语言的各种含义，如说明你在讲重要的事；表示开放和诚实的心态；表示紧张和防御心理等。
1．C　【解析】根据该句中的“but”可知，空处与下文“手和手臂大部分时候会自然、无意识地移动”形成转折关系，C项中的“intentional”与该句中的“unconsciously and naturally”相对，故C项正确。
2．A　【解析】根据文章结构以及空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题；结合本段内容尤其是下文中的“indicates that what you’re saying is important”“stresses a personal point”可知，该段主要陈述“肢体语言有时表示某事物的重要性”，故A项正确。
3．B　【解析】根据空前的“Openness or honesty”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第二种含义：表示开放或诚实(的心态)，结合选项中对应的“to be open or honest”可知，B项正确。
4．E　【解析】根据该段主题句“Nervousness”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第三种含义：紧张。结合本段内容和下文中的“and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body”可知，空处应是陈述另一种表示紧张的肢体语言形式，故E项正确。
5．D　【解析】根据该段第二句“Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself”可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前是一种典型的防御姿势，表明你在保护自己。再结合常识可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前仅仅说明你很冷淡，故D项正确。

题组C 培优拔尖练
完形填空
Human Civilization，Progress and Advancement
How did some regions come to be wealthier and more powerful than others? Two historical events have shaped what is known as human civilization，and have __1__ vast chasms in prosperity and power among human societies.
The first major cleavage (分裂) among human societies was between hunter－gatherer communities and settled，agriculturally－based communities.The former had __2__ few members in a single community, largely because of limited __3__ nutrition.The settled societies，on the other hand，enjoyed much __4__ populations.Raising livestock in large numbers and harvesting large quantities of plants enabled them to __5__ vastly greater nourishment than the hunter－gatherers，and thus they become more __6__．The appearance of agriculture also allowed many members of society to engage in activities __7__ obtaining food.
The development of social __8__ allowed the products of what we know as civilization to arise: new inventions, art, music, architecture, cities，philosophy，etc.All of these things are possible only if people can __9__ their time to something other than obtaining food or physical security，which hunter－gatherer peoples must do more or less full－time，and __10__ peoples are able to separate classes and groups.The second major development to __11__ certain human societies to advance beyond others was the rise of industry and manufacturing.The Industrial Revolution occurred thousands of years after the development of agriculture，beginning in the 18th century and becoming __12__ in the 19th century.The Industrial Revolution was the single most important event in the modern era in allowing some societies to __13__ in material wealth far beyond others.
Whether this development is sustainable(持久的) __14__ to be seen.It is not clear whether a previously agricultural society can fully reap the benefits of high technology and information technology without first __15__ the massive social，cultural and political adjustments precipitated(加速) by industrialization.
【语篇解读】　两个历史事件塑造了所谓的人类文明，并在人类社会中造成了巨大的繁荣和权力鸿沟。文章详细说明了这两个历史事件对推动人类文明发展所起到的作用。
1．A.observed B．created C．praised D．adopted
B　【解析】observe观察；create创造；praise称赞；adopt采用。根据上文Two historical events have shaped中的shape“塑造”可知这两个历史事件极其重要，创造了繁荣和力量的巨大鸿沟。故选B。
2．A.symbolized B．signaled C．signed D．featured
D　【解析】symbolize象征；signal发信号；sign署名；feature起重要作用，以……为主要组成。结合后文few members in a single community可推知一个群落中由少部分成员组成，短语feature sb/sth“以某人/某物为主要组成”。故选D。
3．A.available B．special C．ordinary D．strange
A　【解析】available可获得的；special特别的；ordinary普通的；strange奇怪的。结合上文few members可知成员很少是因为可获得的营养有限。故选A。
4．A.larger B．smaller C．wider D．longer
A　【解析】根据on the other hand可知前后为对比关系，故选A。
5．A.balance B．produce C．protest D．obtain
D　【解析】balance平衡；produce产生；protest抗议；obtain获得。结合上文可知饲养大量的牲畜和收获大量的植物能够让定居社会中的人们获得更多的营养，故选D。
6．A.populous B．incomplete C．inactive D．impossible
A　【解析】populous人口众多的；incomplete未完成的；inactive不活跃的；impossible不可能的。结合上下文可知定居社会的人们因为能获得比狩猎采集者更多的营养，因此拥有比狩猎采集社会更多的人口。故选A。
7．A.less than B．rather than C．more than D．other than
D　【解析】农业的出现使社会成员能够进行除了获取粮食以外的其他活动。other than除了……之外；more than多于；rather than而不是；less than少于，不超过。故选D。
8．A.prizes B．classes C．parties D．sides
B　【解析】结合下文peoples are able to separate classes and groups.可知定居社会中社会阶级的发展使其他文明得以产生。故选B。
9．A.donate B．direct C．devote D．control
C　【解析】donate捐赠；direct指导；devote致力于；control控制。devote one’s time to sth为固定搭配。故选C。
10．A.unstable B．natural C．settled D．unsatisfied
C　【解析】unstable不稳定的；natural自然的；settled定居的；unsatisfied不满意的。结合下文peoples are able to separate classes and groups.可知指代的是能够区分阶级和群体的定居民族。故选C。
11．A.allow B．punish C．manage D．plunge
A　【解析】allow允许；punish惩罚；manage管理；plunge投入。结合下文certain human societies to advance beyond others was the rise of industry and manufacturing可知是工业和制造业的兴起允许某些人类社会得以超越了其他社会。故选A。
12．A.consolidated B．outdated C．limited D．involved
A　【解析】consolidated巩固的；outdated过时的；limited有限的；involved有关的。结合上文可知工业革命从18世纪开始到19世纪得到巩固。故选A。
13．A.disappear B．contribute C．conquer D．advance
D　【解析】disappear消失；contribute贡献；conquer征服；advance前进。结合下文in material wealth far beyond others.可知是指工业革命使一些社会的物质财富远远超过其他社会。故选D。
14．A.delays B．remains C．leaves D．waits
B　【解析】delay延迟；remain保持；leave离开；wait等待。结合下文It is not clear可知这种发展是否可持续还有待观察。短语remain to be seen“有待观察”，故选B。
15．A.opposing B．seeking C．undergoing D．promoting
C　【解析】oppose反对；seek寻找；undergo经历；promote促进。结合下文列举的工业化带来的大规模社会、文化和政治调整可知，没有先经历这些工业化带来的改变，以前的农业社会是否能充分获得高技术和信息技术的好处尚不清楚。故选C。