高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures优质学案设计

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures优质学案设计，共8页。学案主要包含了简单句的省略，并列句中的省略，复合句中的省略，虚拟语气中的省略，其他常见的省略等内容，欢迎下载使用。










为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。


一、简单句的省略


[合作探究]


①(Yu) G dwn this street and turn right at the secnd crssing.


请(你)沿着这条街走，然后在第二个十字路口向右拐。


②(Is there) Anything else?


(还有)其他东西吗？


③—Are yu frm America?


—Yes，I am (frm America)．


——你来自美国吗？


——是的，我是(来自美国)。


④What a beautiful city (it is)!


(这是)多么美丽的城市呀！


[自主发现]


①祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语yu。②There be句型省略There__be。③疑问句的答语省略。④感叹句的省略。在what和hw引起的感叹句中常省略主语和be动词。


二、并列句中的省略


[合作探究]


①Tm picked up the bk frm the flr and (Tm) handed it t his brther.


汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥。


②His perfrmance made us amused，but (his perfrmance made) himself tired.


他的表演使我们高兴，但是使他自己很累。


③Xiaming must have been playing ftball at that time，and his sister (must have been) playing the pian.


那时小明一定在踢足球，而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。


[自主发现]


①省略共同的主语或宾语。②若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。③若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。


三、复合句中的省略


1．定语从句的省略


[合作探究1]


Here is the man (whm) yu’ve been lking fr.


这位就是你一直在找的人。


[自主发现1]


如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，则关系代词可以省略。


2．宾语从句的省略


[合作探究2]


He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.


他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该用心学习。


I knw that a mvie star will cme t ur city but I dn’t knw when (he will cme t ur city)．


我知道一个电影明星要来我们城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。


[自主发现2]


(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略，但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个that可以省略。


(2)when，where，hw和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。


3．状语从句的省略


[合作探究3]


When (the nvel is) published，the nvel will becme ne f the best sellers f the year.


一旦出版，那本小说会成为年度畅销书之一。


He runs as fast as Bb (runs)．


他和鲍勃跑得一样快。


[自主发现3]


(1)当when，while，if，as if，thugh，as，until，unless等连接的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时，省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。


[名师提醒] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。


(2)在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。


四、虚拟语气中的省略


[合作探究]


Had yu cme here yesterday，yu wuld have met her.


如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。


We insisted that they (shuld) g with us.


我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。


It is necessary that we (shuld) learn mre wrds by heart.


我们有必要多用心记一些单词。


[自主发现]


(1)虚拟条件句常省略if，将were，had，shuld提前构成部分倒装。


(2)在一坚持(insist)，二命令(rder，cmmand)，三建议(suggest，prpse，advise)，四要求(demand，require，request，desire)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/imprtant that...从句中常省略shuld。


五、其他常见的省略


1．动词不定式的省略


[合作探究1]


He didn’t cme，but he ught t have (cme)．


他没来，但他本应该来。


I saw him enter the rm just nw.＝He was seen t enter the rm just nw by me.


刚才我看见他进了房间。


I can d nthing but wait.我能做的只有等待。


His wish is t earn a lt f mney and (t) buy his mther a big huse.


他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。


The purpse f new technlgies is t make life easier，nt t make it mre difficult.


新科技的目的是使生活更方便而不是使它更困难。


[自主发现1]


(1)有些动词(词组)，如want，wish，expect，hpe，wuld like，try，frget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到t，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。


(2)感官动词(词组)see，lk at，hear，listen t，ntice，watch等和使役动词make，let，have等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略t；但此类动词的被动语态中的t不可省略。


(3)在某些句式中，如介词but，except前有动词d的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略t。


(4)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带t，后面省去t；但如果两个不定式表示对比、对照关系时，则t不可省略。


2．介词的省略


[合作探究2]


She spends half an hur (in) ding sme reading every day.


她每天花半小时读书。


We have a final exam (in) every term.每学期我们举行一次期末考试。


[自主发现2]


(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/mney (in) ding sth；have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth；prevent/stp sb (frm) ding sth。


(2)表示时间的介词at，n和in在next，last，this，each，these，yesterday，every，tmrrw等词之前，一般可省略。


3．替代性省略


[合作探究3]


—Can they finish their wrk tday? 他们今天能完成工作吗？


—I think s.我认为能。


—I dn’t think s./I think nt.我认为不能。


[自主发现3]


英语中，可以使用s，nt或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。


[名师提醒] hpe，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用nt的形式，不能用的形式。


—The bys are nt ding a gd jb at all，are they?


——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？


—I guess nt.


——我猜是没做好。


4．比较结构的省略


[合作探究4]


The sner (yu d it)，the better (it will be)．


(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。


[自主发现4]


在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。


[巩固内化1]


用省略结构改写下列句子


①Is there anyne here t wait n us?


→Anyne__here__t__wait__n__us?


②He is a prgrammer and I am a prgrammer，t.


→He__is__a__prgrammer__and__I__am，t.


③It sunds interesting.


→Sunds__interesting.


④What a clever by he is!


→What__a__clever__by！


[巩固内化2]


用省略结构改写下列句子


①I wrk in a factry and my brther wrks n a farm.


→I wrk in a factry and my__brther__n__a__farm．


②We’re bund t win smeday，but when are we t win?


→We’re bund t win smeday，but when？


[巩固内化3]


用省略结构改写下列复合句


①Wh is the man whm yu were talking t?


→Wh is the man yu__were__talking__t?


②Smene has used my mbile phne，but I dn’t knw wh has used it.


→Smene has used my mbile phne，but I dn’t knw wh．


③When it is heated，a piece f ice will turn int water.


→When__heated，a piece f ice will turn int water.


④Althugh he was hard－wrking，he culdn’t earn enugh t supprt himself.


→Althugh__hard－wrking，he culdn’t earn enugh t supprt himself.


⑤He’s the man that yu can safely depend n.


→He’s the man yu__can__safely__depend__n．


⑥They dn’t use mre water than it is necessary.


→They dn’t use mre water than__necessary．


[巩固内化4]


用省略结构改写下列各句


①If she were here，she wuld agree t.


→Were__she__here，she wuld agree t.


②He rdered that we shuld g ut at nce.


→He rdered that we__g__ut__at__nce．


③If Thmas Edisn had stred his mney，he wuld have died a wealthy man.


→Had__Thmas__Edisn__stred__his__mney，he wuld have died a wealthy man.


[巩固内化5] 单句语法填空


①I had great difficulty finding (find) the suitable fd n the menu in that restaurant.


②—D yu think ur team will win?


—I dn’t think s．


③—Will yu jin us?


—I wuld lve t．


④The busier (he is)，the__happier (happy) he feels.


[巩固内化6] 单句语法填空


①The exhibitin is mre interesting than expected(expect)．


②I have sme truble learning(learn) English.


③The by wanted t ride his bicycle in the street，but his mther tld him nt t．





Ⅰ.单句语法填空


1．He was ften nticed t__leave (leave) the ffice after wrk.


2．—What d yu suppse made her wrried?


—Lsing (lse) a new cellphne.


3．Children，when expsed (expse) t an English－speaking atmsphere，will pick up the language much mre easily.


4．Thugh warned (warn) again and again，the yung man still drve after drinking，leading t his being fined.


5．The prfessr paused as if expecting (expect) his students t ask questins n the pint he had just made.


6．Be careful with such things.If nt，yu’ll drp them.


7．The by used t play with the knife thugh his father tld him nt t．


8．Eye dctrs recmmend that a child’s first eye exam (shuld)__be (be) at the age f six mnths ld.


9．Her wrds made me feel(feel) happier than befre.


Ⅱ.用省略结构改写下列各句


1．When he was in America，he made many friends with students frm different cuntries.


→When__in__America，he made many friends with students frm different cuntries.


2．He wn’t attend the party even if he is invited.


→He wn’t attend the party even__if__invited．


3．Mistakes，if there are any，shuld be crrected.


→Mistakes，if__any，shuld be crrected.


4．—Shall we have a test tmrrw?


—I hpe we wn’t have a test tmrrw.


→—Shall we have a test tmrrw?


—I__hpe__nt．


5．The bk that he brrwed yesterday is well wrth reading.


→The__bk__he__brrwed__yesterday is well wrth reading.