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高中英语Unit 4 Space Exploration一等奖课件ppt
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这是一份高中英语Unit 4 Space Exploration一等奖课件ppt，共12页。
UNIT4 单元检测卷
（时间：100分钟 满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读
［共两节，满分50分］
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5 分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you’re hoping for a holiday gift for your kids，you’re in the right place.
Margaret and the Moon
Age range：4—8
In Margaret and the Moon，Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer’s life，from the backyard of her childhood home，where she put forward a million questions about the night sky，to the hallways of NASA，where she led a team from MIT to develop the on-board flight software that would land the first men on the moon.
I Am Neil Armstrong
Age range：All ages
In I Am Neil Armstrong，the best-selling author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon. Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He continued this spirit throughout his career（职业）.
Look Inside Space
Age range：3 and up
For parents of young kids，Usborne’s prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and wild technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids. It explores the history of human space flight and the basics of stars and planets. It’s enjoyable to all space fans，but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Goes to the Space Station
Age range：All ages
Jeffrey Bennett’s tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn’t only an accurate look at what life in space is like. The book was actually sent into space and joined the station’s library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project. It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space.
1. What’s the text mainly intended to introduce?
A. How to find holiday gifts for your kids.
B. Some kids’ space books for the holidays.
C. How to inspire kids’ interest in the universe.
D. Some books about the theories of the universe.
2. Which book can inspire a sense of determina- tion in readers?
A. Max Goes to the Space Station. B. Margaret and the Moon.
C. I Am Neil Armstrong. D. Look Inside Space.
3. In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the three other books?
A. It has experienced space travel. B. It is suitable for kids of all ages.
C. It is a biography of an astronaut. D. It has won a prize as a bestseller.
B
Zara Rutherford，at age 19，became the youngest woman to fly alone around the world in January，2022. Her history-making journey covered five continents and more than 28，000 sea miles in 155 days. Her incredible achieve-ment broke two Guinness World Records as Zara became the youngest woman to fly around the globe in a microlight（超轻型）airplane.
“I made it，”Zara said as she reached home and her final destination，Kortrijk-Wevelgem airport in western Belgium.
A large，joyful crowd that included her proud parents awaited her with a hero’s welcome. Reporters surrounded her as she got off the aircraft，eager to hear about her amazing journey first-hand.
Zara first left Belgium in a two-seater，microlight plane named Shark UL plane. Along her journey，she landed in 31 countries. The record-breaking trip took 156 days—a little longer than she expected due to unexpected challenges. She was grounded in some countries for weeks，awaiting safe flying conditions and visa （签证） entry approval to her next destination.
Zara flew through wildfires，typhoons and dangerous，sub-zero temperatures to reach her destination and make history.“The hardest part was flying over Siberia—it was extremely cold and，if the engine was to die，I’d be hours away from rescue. I’m not sure I would have survived，” she reflected. One particularly painful moment occurred when she had to make an unscheduled landing in California because of wildfire smoke. “At one point，I just couldn’t see anymore，” she said.“It got really turbulent. ”
At several points on her journey，Zara said she was struck by the beauty of the natural wonders below. She also came across many kind strangers throughout her trip.
4. What happened to Zara Rutherford?
A. She bought her own microlight airplane at age 19.
B. She traveled alone around the world on a boat tour.
C. She broke two Guinness World Records separately.
D. She made a name by flying alone around the world.
5. What can be known about Zara’s journey?
A. It was finished in the shortest time. B. It took shorter time than expected.
C. Its origin and end were both in Belgium. D. It went smoothly from beginning to end.
6. Which can best replace the underlined word “turbulent” in Paragraph 5?
A. Splendid. B. Dangerous. C. Amazing. D. Unforgettable.
7. Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. An amazing young woman：Zara Rutherford
B. How long does it take to fly around the globe
C. A girl who made the first journey around the globe
D. What difficulties await Zara on her journey
C
From now on，if all goes well，a high-tech spacecraft will land in the South Pole of the moon. There，it will drill 66 feet down into the surface and collect samples of the mantle（地幔样本）to bring back to the Earth.
But before it leaves，it will have a two-part time capsule（时间胶囊）：a public part，full of the Earth’s history，and a private part，full of digital memory boxes created by individuals. These memory boxes can hold digital files—records of family trees，videos or actual DNA in the form of human hair. Not everyone can have a digital memory box，though. The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.
The project，called Lunar Mission One，has already raised more than half of its￡600，000 goal since its launch just a few days ago. The founders thought that it would succeed because of the attraction of both exploring the moon surface and leaving a time capsule behind. The mission was a technical action，but it was also an emotional one，bringing the excitement of knowing that something humans built on the Earth reached somewhere else in space.
Still，it does seem risky for a person to donate￡60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that won’t come true until 2024. What if the project never takes off? What if the technology isn’t good enough? What if those digital memory boxes break on the moon’s surface? And how will anybody ever even know if that happens? Ian Crawford，a professor at Birkbeck College in London and scientific advisor to the mission，says it is not necessary to worry about these. The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isn’t really about physically leaving something on the moon—it’s more an opportunity to encourage people’s interest in space.
8. Who can have a digital memory box on the moon?
A. A person who donated ￡60 to the project.
B. A person who has records of family trees.
C. A person who is in charge of the project.
D. A person who is interested in exploring the moon.
9. What can be learned about Lunar Mission One from Paragraph 3?
A. The spacecraft was successfully launched just a few days ago.
B. It will explore the moon surface and leave a time capsule on the moon.
C. It was created because of the excitement of knowing something in space.
D. It was a technical action because it was designed with rich emotion.
10. Why does it seem risky to donate￡60 to keep a digital memory box?
A. The spacecraft won’t be sent on time.
B. The technology isn’t good enough.
C. The project won’t come true until 2034.
D. There are various possibilities in such a long time.
11. What can be concluded from the last sentence of the passage?
A. Everything about the project will be OK.
B. The time capsule on the moon is not meaningful.
C. The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon is scientific.
D. The message of the project is to call people’s more attention to space.
D
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years，Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they’re close to a solution.“We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold，a project manager.
“There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades，other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’Basically，it’s‘I’ve got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH programme has an impact（影响） on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.”And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.
12. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
13. What is the purpose of the HUNCH programme?
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education.
14. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the programme?
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA：The Home of Astronauts B. Space：The Final Homework Frontier
C. Nature：An Outdoor Classroom D. HUNCH：A College Admission Reform
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Revising（复习）is an important part of study. It helps you learn，remember，and apply what you know. It is also a good idea to revise before quizzes and exams. 16 Here are some tips on how to revise well.
Find Your Place
To revise for an exam，you must first find a quiet and relaxing environment. 17 It should be in a place where you will not be disturbed.
Take Your Time
It’s a good idea to make revising part of your weekly routine. 18 You should take care to make sure that you study for no more than two hours at a time，and that you take regular breaks every half an hour or so. This will keep you fresh and able to take in information.
Stay Organized
It can be very helpful to set up a system if you are organized. 19 That way when you have a quiz or an exam，you can easily find the right notes to study to help you prepare.
20
At the end of every revision，review your notes carefully so that you can be sure that you have understood what you have learned. You may also consider writing out revision cards. You can then use these as a summary of the subjects that you have studied.
A. Get Ready
B. Check Your Progress
C. Don’t revise for too long.
D. This will help keep material fresh in your mind.
E. Somewhere you feel most comfortable works best.
F. The best way to do this is to revise every school day.
G. If you are taking notes，organize them by subject，topic，and date.
第二部分 语言运用
［共两节，满分30分］
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
13-year-old Abraham suffered from a rare blood disorder. He had a 21 bone marrow transplant（骨髓移植）. Thankfully，Abraham is now out of the hospital. During his 22 ，he found out that he had qualified for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to ask for a dream 23 from Make-A-Wish Mississippi. While many 24 would choose a memorable Disney trip，meeting a favorite celebrity or getting a PlayStation，Abraham instead chose to 25 the homeless in his local community.
The Make-A-Wish Foundation is famous for brightening the lives of children suffering from critical illnesses by realizing their wishes. A wish typically 26 into three categories：a wish to have something，go somewhere or 27 someone. Abraham’s wish to give came as a 28 to the organization，because Abraham’s generous wish was the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history.
Abraham 29 his past experiences volunteering with his family in their community with inspiring his giving wish. When deciding what to do with the incredible 30 ，the one thing that was most 31 to him was that his wish had a long-lasting impact.
Make-A-Wish Mississippi realized the teen’s wish in a big way. They created a service 32 the teen，called Abraham’s Table，which will 33 free meals for the homeless every month for the next year. Recipients（受助人） 34 in Poindexter Park for the meals. Abraham and his proud mom 35 attend and hand out the food. Abraham’s Table fed over 80 people at its first event.
21. A. unforgettable B. meaningful C. successful D. worthless
22. A. flight B. recovery C. period D. lifetime
23. A. wish B. favor C. leave D. gift
24. A. assistants B. teens C. survivors D. volunteers
25. A. fund B. drive C. feed D. house
26. A. divides B. runs C. falls D. slips
27. A. respect B. meet C. invite D. help
28. A. surprise B. humor C. joke D. shock
29. A. recognized B. credited C. agreed D. approved
30. A. strength B. dream C. atmosphere D. opportunity
31. A. challenging B. convenient C. important D. beneficial
32. A. named after B. regarded as C. offered by D. engaged in
33. A. cook B. get C. provide D. eat
34. A. succeed B. consist C. participate D. gather
35. A. personally B. secretly C. lonely D. silently
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On May 15，2021，China landed its Mars probe，Tianwen-1，on the red planet，36. （enter）a new chapter of China’s deep space exploration and marking another 37. （contribute）to humanity’s exploration of the universe.
The lander，carrying a Mars rover（火星 车），touched down at its pre-selected landing area in the southern part of Utopia Planitia. Earlier，on July 23，2020，Tianwen-1，consisting of an orbiter，a lander and a rover，38. （launch）from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. It was the first step 39.
（conduct）China’s planetary exploration of the solar system 40. the aim of completing orbiting，landing and roving on the red planet in one mission.
More than 40 Mars missions 41. （carry）out since the 1960s，42. only about half have succeeded. The success rate for landing is even 43. （low）. The exploration of Mars will not only investigate 44. there is or was life on Mars but also help throw light on the history of evolution and the various future development 45. （trend）of Earth，as well as search for potential living space for human beings，which must be extremely important for human society.
第三部分 写作
［共两节，满分40分］
第一节（满分15分）
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“难忘的 一堂天文课”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍这堂课的相关情况；
2. 这堂课令你难忘的原因。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
An Unforgettable Lesson in Astronomy
We have a lot of astronomy lessons in my school life.
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Space Story
“5，4，3，2，1，blast off!”The spaceship took off when it heard the ground control radio it from star command.“Lift off in procedure!”announced John as the journey began. Going past meteors，massive stones flew past the cockpit window. “Oh，no!”A jagged rock hit the rocket. The next thing John knew was that the rocket was blowing up. The PC screen shone black and red words came up on the screen，saying“GAME OVER!”
“Oh dear，is it that massive rock again?” John’s father Malcolm said coming into his bedroom， “Never mind. It’s time for tea now anyway. Switch your computer off now，will you?”
“OK，”John agreed and came down for tea.
“I expect John knows more about space than I do!”John’s father commented. He was going on an expedition to an unknown planet that hadn’t been visited before.
“It’s exciting up there in space!”said John excitedly.“When I’m older，I’m going to be an astronaut!”His father ruffled his hair and sat down to tea. The fish and chips smelt wonderful and it tasted even better!
John couldn’t believe his dad was going into space in two days. He felt excited for him but he was also worried about him. What if a sharp jagged rock killed him up there? His baby sister Clare was only two years old. She didn’t understand about solar systems and planets yet. She probably didn’t know her dad would be the first person to step on the colorful，big planet；that hadn’t even got a name yet!
“5，4，3，2，1，blast off!”This time，for real! John had butterflies in his stomach as he，his sister and Mom watched the spacecraft hurling itself，ever faster，into space. Malcolm held his breath as the rocket flew up and up. He could feel the change in the atmosphere and was glad of his seat belt. He was sitting in the middle of his two other colleagues，Lara and Simon. From loud noise to dusty silence，hot climate to freezing cold.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Once outside the rocket，the threesome hid their nail varnish so as not to frighten the creatures that lived here.
Meanwhile，Malcolm and Simon were looking for Lara.
UNIT4 单元检测卷
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合孩子阅读的有关太空的书籍。
1. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you’re hoping for a holiday gift for your kids，you’re in the right place.”可推知，本文主要介绍了四本适合孩子阅读的有关太空的书籍，故B项正确。
2. C 细节理解题。根据文章对I Am Neil Armstrong的介绍中的“Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He continued this spirit throughout his career.”可知，I Am Neil Armstrong这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志，故C项正确。
3. A 细节理解题。根据文章对Max Goes to the Space Station的介绍中的“The book was actually sent into space and joined the station’s library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project.”可知，这本书的与众不同之处在于，它经历过太空飞行，故A项正确。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了2022年1月Zara独自完成了环球飞行，成为完成环球飞行的最年轻的女性飞行员。
4. D 细节理解题。根据第一段首句和尾句可知Zara因成为世界上完成环球飞行最年轻的女性而闻名于世。【误解分析】A项文章没有提及；B项错在boat tour；C项错在状语separately，因为Zara的一项成就创下了两项吉尼斯世界纪录，而不是分别两次创下纪录。
5. C 推理判断题。根据第二段和第四段首句可知，Zara这次行程起点和终点都在比利时。
6. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文painful moment...an unscheduled landing in California because of wildfire smoke... couldn’t see anymore可知，飞行过程中突遇加利福尼亚州的野火烟雾，Zara什么都看不清，不得不迫降。这些细节描写主要叙述当时危险的情况。故答案为B。
7. A 主旨大意题。本文是以写人为主要内容的记叙文，主要记述了年轻女飞行员Zara的成就。
C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了名为“月球任务1号”的探月项目——一艘高科技航天器将携带时间胶囊登陆月球南极。
8. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.”及第四段中“Still，it does seem risky for a person to donate￡60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that won’t come true until 2024.”可知，一个人捐赠60英镑便可以在月球上留下一个数码记忆盒，故选A。
9. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The founders thought that it would succeed because of the attraction of both exploring the moon surface and leaving a time capsule behind.”可知，Lunar Mission One项目将会探索月球表面，并在月球上留下一个时间胶囊。故选B。
10. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的那些质疑的问题可知，捐赠60英镑去存放一个数码记忆盒有一定的风险，因为在那么长的时间里会有各种各样的可能性。故选D。
11. D 推理判断题。根据本文最后一句“The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isn’t really about physically leaving something on the moon—it’s more an opportunity to encourage people’s interest in space.（把时间胶囊留在月球上的计划并不是真的要在月球上留下什么东西，它更多的是一个鼓励人们对太空的兴趣的机会）”可知，该项目的目的是呼吁人们更多地关注太空，故选D。
D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目HUNCH，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。
12. A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句句意“来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面无法控制地生长，所以宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们”可知，在国际空间站，很难清除细菌。
13. D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，该项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起。分析选项可知，D项符合题意。
14. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA的工程师们要亲自检查那些高中学生的产品。
15. B 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生。故B项“太空：前沿的期末作业”作为文章的标题最合适。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了几点关于高效复习的建议。
16. D 根据上一句“It is also a good idea to revise before quizzes and exams.”可知，临考前复习可以让你对学习材料记忆犹新。
17. E 根据该段的小标题Find Your Place以及上一句“...find a quiet and relaxing environment.”和下一句中的a place where you will not be disturbed可知，E项符合该处语境。
18. F 根据上一句“...make revising part of your weekly routine.”可知，F项承接上一句，符合该处语境。
19. G G项中的organize them by subject，topic，and date实际上就是该段小标题Stay Organized的方法之一。
20. B 根据下文“At the end of every revision，review your notes carefully...”可知，在每个复习阶段完成后检查自己的掌握情况，因此B项作小标题符合该段语境。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Abraham因患有严重血液疾病，大难不死的他从密西西比许愿基金会得到了满足一个愿望的机会。然而Abraham的愿望是希望基金会给流浪人员提供食物。
21. C 根据下文Abraham is now out of the hospital可知，他出院了。据此可以推断骨髓移植手术比较成功（successful）。
22. B 根据上文Abraham is now out of the hospital可知，Abraham出院了，据此可以推断他在康复（recovery）疗养期得知了消息。
23. A 根据第二段第一句“The Make-A-Wish Foundation... realizing their wishes. ”可知，许愿基金会帮助患病儿童实现愿望（wish）。
24. B 根据第二段第一句“...the lives of children suffering from critical illnesses...”可知，基金会帮助的是患病儿童。与这一身份相适应的是青少年（teens）。
25. C 根据尾段第二句free meals for the homeless和倒数第二句中hand out the food可知，Abraham的愿望是给流浪人员提供食物（feed）。
26. C 句意：愿望通常分为（fall into）三类：拥有某种东西、去往某地或者面见某人。【误解分析】本题易误选divides，此处应该用被动语态。
27. B 根据第一段尾句中的meeting a favorite celebrity并利用关键词复现法可知答案为B。
28. A 根据下文the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history可知，Abraham的愿望是该组织35年来首次出现。据此可以推断对于基金会来说，这个愿望令人吃惊（surprise）。
29. B 句意：Abraham把自己慷慨的愿望归功于（credit）过去同家人一起在社区做志愿活动的经历。
30. D 根据第一段第四句中的he found out that he had qualified for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity并利用关键词复现法可知答案为D。
31. C 句意：在决定使用这个难得的机会做什么时，对他来说最重要的（important）一件事就是他的愿望要有一个持久的影响力。
32. A 根据下文called Abraham’s Table（称为“亚伯拉罕的餐桌”）可知，这项服务是以Abraham的名字命名（name after）的。
33. C 根据倒数第二句“Abraham and his proud mom...hand out the food.”可知，Abraham与妈妈也参与了基金会的活动——给流浪人员分发（提供）食物。
34. D 句意：受助人在Poindexter公园集合（gather）领食物。
35. A 句意：Abraham和自豪的妈妈也亲自（personally）到场参加活动，分发食物。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了“天问一号”火星探测器成功降落在火星上，开启了中国深空探测的新篇章，也为人类探索宇宙做出了新的贡献。
36. entering 考查非谓语动词。分析可知，设空处及之后的内容在句中作状语，结合and marking可知此处要用现在分词形式，故填entering。
37. contribution 考查词性转换。根据句中another可知其后要跟名词单数形式contribution。
38. was launched 考查时态和语态。设空处在句中作谓语，结合时间状语on July 23，2020可知此处的时态为一般过去时；句子主语 Tianwen-1与动词launch之间为被动关系，所以填was launched。
39. to conduct 考查非谓语动词。step为名词，其前有序数词first修饰，所以此处要用不定式作定语，故填to conduct。
40. with 考查介词。with the aim of意为“以……为目的”，故填介词with。
41. have been carried 考查时态和语态。句意：自20世纪60年代以来，有超过40个火星任务被执行……结合句中since the 1960s可知此处要用现在完成时；句中主语More than 40 Mars missions为复数含义，与动词短语carry out为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been carried。
42. but/yet 考查连词。根据上一题可知，已经实施了40多次火星任务，只有大约一半成功。所以设空后的内容与前文为转折关系，此处要用表示转折关系的并列连词，故填but或yet。
43. lower 考查比较级。even常置于比较级之前。故填lower。
44. whether 考查连接词。此处指“探索火星不仅会研究火星上现在或过去是否存在生命”。结合语境可知用whether，意为“是否”。
45. trends 考查名词复数。trend“趋势”为可数名词，所以此处要用复数，故填trends。
第一节
［范文赏读］
An Unforgettable Lesson in Astronomy
We have a lot of astronomy lessons in my school life. But I will never forget the one when I first set foot in the senior high school. In the first astronomy class，my teacher showed us a video clip，in which the first Chinese space woman Liu Yang did a great experiment in space. I was really astonished at her profound knowledge and amazing experience about space.
I used to assume that only men could endure the harsh conditions in space. Not only did that class overturn my recognition to space women，but also it offered us an example to follow as well.
第二节
［范文赏读］
Once outside the rocket，the threesome hid their nail varnish so as not to frighten the creatures that lived here. But without the three knowing it，four blurs flew above their heads.“I saw them just then，”Lara said. Before finishing her words，she was surrounded and taken away to the blurb’s base. Only one blurs in every pack can speak the languages of all the countries on Earth. This one stepped forward and asked，“Where is your nail varnish?”Lara pretended not to understand what it said.
Meanwhile，Malcolm and Simon were looking for Lara. They were prepared for the danger on the expedition to the unknown planet but still at a loss what to do as they couldn’t find Lara. Just then，a flock of blurs appeared. They were in jail soon where they met Lara. Though a little worried，they knew they had to take action；otherwise they would be killed. Simon took out his nail varnish and undid the cap. All the blurs that were standing near for a mile were dead. When they came out of the spaceship，they were welcomed and Lara announced，“The planet got its name‘blurs vanish’.”Everyone laughed.
UNIT4 单元检测卷
（时间：100分钟 满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读
［共两节，满分50分］
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5 分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you’re hoping for a holiday gift for your kids，you’re in the right place.
Margaret and the Moon
Age range：4—8
In Margaret and the Moon，Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer’s life，from the backyard of her childhood home，where she put forward a million questions about the night sky，to the hallways of NASA，where she led a team from MIT to develop the on-board flight software that would land the first men on the moon.
I Am Neil Armstrong
Age range：All ages
In I Am Neil Armstrong，the best-selling author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon. Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He continued this spirit throughout his career（职业）.
Look Inside Space
Age range：3 and up
For parents of young kids，Usborne’s prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and wild technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids. It explores the history of human space flight and the basics of stars and planets. It’s enjoyable to all space fans，but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Goes to the Space Station
Age range：All ages
Jeffrey Bennett’s tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn’t only an accurate look at what life in space is like. The book was actually sent into space and joined the station’s library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project. It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space.
1. What’s the text mainly intended to introduce?
A. How to find holiday gifts for your kids.
B. Some kids’ space books for the holidays.
C. How to inspire kids’ interest in the universe.
D. Some books about the theories of the universe.
2. Which book can inspire a sense of determina- tion in readers?
A. Max Goes to the Space Station. B. Margaret and the Moon.
C. I Am Neil Armstrong. D. Look Inside Space.
3. In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the three other books?
A. It has experienced space travel. B. It is suitable for kids of all ages.
C. It is a biography of an astronaut. D. It has won a prize as a bestseller.
B
Zara Rutherford，at age 19，became the youngest woman to fly alone around the world in January，2022. Her history-making journey covered five continents and more than 28，000 sea miles in 155 days. Her incredible achieve-ment broke two Guinness World Records as Zara became the youngest woman to fly around the globe in a microlight（超轻型）airplane.
“I made it，”Zara said as she reached home and her final destination，Kortrijk-Wevelgem airport in western Belgium.
A large，joyful crowd that included her proud parents awaited her with a hero’s welcome. Reporters surrounded her as she got off the aircraft，eager to hear about her amazing journey first-hand.
Zara first left Belgium in a two-seater，microlight plane named Shark UL plane. Along her journey，she landed in 31 countries. The record-breaking trip took 156 days—a little longer than she expected due to unexpected challenges. She was grounded in some countries for weeks，awaiting safe flying conditions and visa （签证） entry approval to her next destination.
Zara flew through wildfires，typhoons and dangerous，sub-zero temperatures to reach her destination and make history.“The hardest part was flying over Siberia—it was extremely cold and，if the engine was to die，I’d be hours away from rescue. I’m not sure I would have survived，” she reflected. One particularly painful moment occurred when she had to make an unscheduled landing in California because of wildfire smoke. “At one point，I just couldn’t see anymore，” she said.“It got really turbulent. ”
At several points on her journey，Zara said she was struck by the beauty of the natural wonders below. She also came across many kind strangers throughout her trip.
4. What happened to Zara Rutherford?
A. She bought her own microlight airplane at age 19.
B. She traveled alone around the world on a boat tour.
C. She broke two Guinness World Records separately.
D. She made a name by flying alone around the world.
5. What can be known about Zara’s journey?
A. It was finished in the shortest time. B. It took shorter time than expected.
C. Its origin and end were both in Belgium. D. It went smoothly from beginning to end.
6. Which can best replace the underlined word “turbulent” in Paragraph 5?
A. Splendid. B. Dangerous. C. Amazing. D. Unforgettable.
7. Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. An amazing young woman：Zara Rutherford
B. How long does it take to fly around the globe
C. A girl who made the first journey around the globe
D. What difficulties await Zara on her journey
C
From now on，if all goes well，a high-tech spacecraft will land in the South Pole of the moon. There，it will drill 66 feet down into the surface and collect samples of the mantle（地幔样本）to bring back to the Earth.
But before it leaves，it will have a two-part time capsule（时间胶囊）：a public part，full of the Earth’s history，and a private part，full of digital memory boxes created by individuals. These memory boxes can hold digital files—records of family trees，videos or actual DNA in the form of human hair. Not everyone can have a digital memory box，though. The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.
The project，called Lunar Mission One，has already raised more than half of its￡600，000 goal since its launch just a few days ago. The founders thought that it would succeed because of the attraction of both exploring the moon surface and leaving a time capsule behind. The mission was a technical action，but it was also an emotional one，bringing the excitement of knowing that something humans built on the Earth reached somewhere else in space.
Still，it does seem risky for a person to donate￡60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that won’t come true until 2024. What if the project never takes off? What if the technology isn’t good enough? What if those digital memory boxes break on the moon’s surface? And how will anybody ever even know if that happens? Ian Crawford，a professor at Birkbeck College in London and scientific advisor to the mission，says it is not necessary to worry about these. The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isn’t really about physically leaving something on the moon—it’s more an opportunity to encourage people’s interest in space.
8. Who can have a digital memory box on the moon?
A. A person who donated ￡60 to the project.
B. A person who has records of family trees.
C. A person who is in charge of the project.
D. A person who is interested in exploring the moon.
9. What can be learned about Lunar Mission One from Paragraph 3?
A. The spacecraft was successfully launched just a few days ago.
B. It will explore the moon surface and leave a time capsule on the moon.
C. It was created because of the excitement of knowing something in space.
D. It was a technical action because it was designed with rich emotion.
10. Why does it seem risky to donate￡60 to keep a digital memory box?
A. The spacecraft won’t be sent on time.
B. The technology isn’t good enough.
C. The project won’t come true until 2034.
D. There are various possibilities in such a long time.
11. What can be concluded from the last sentence of the passage?
A. Everything about the project will be OK.
B. The time capsule on the moon is not meaningful.
C. The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon is scientific.
D. The message of the project is to call people’s more attention to space.
D
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years，Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they’re close to a solution.“We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold，a project manager.
“There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades，other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’Basically，it’s‘I’ve got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH programme has an impact（影响） on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.”And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.
12. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
13. What is the purpose of the HUNCH programme?
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education.
14. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the programme?
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA：The Home of Astronauts B. Space：The Final Homework Frontier
C. Nature：An Outdoor Classroom D. HUNCH：A College Admission Reform
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Revising（复习）is an important part of study. It helps you learn，remember，and apply what you know. It is also a good idea to revise before quizzes and exams. 16 Here are some tips on how to revise well.
Find Your Place
To revise for an exam，you must first find a quiet and relaxing environment. 17 It should be in a place where you will not be disturbed.
Take Your Time
It’s a good idea to make revising part of your weekly routine. 18 You should take care to make sure that you study for no more than two hours at a time，and that you take regular breaks every half an hour or so. This will keep you fresh and able to take in information.
Stay Organized
It can be very helpful to set up a system if you are organized. 19 That way when you have a quiz or an exam，you can easily find the right notes to study to help you prepare.
20
At the end of every revision，review your notes carefully so that you can be sure that you have understood what you have learned. You may also consider writing out revision cards. You can then use these as a summary of the subjects that you have studied.
A. Get Ready
B. Check Your Progress
C. Don’t revise for too long.
D. This will help keep material fresh in your mind.
E. Somewhere you feel most comfortable works best.
F. The best way to do this is to revise every school day.
G. If you are taking notes，organize them by subject，topic，and date.
第二部分 语言运用
［共两节，满分30分］
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
13-year-old Abraham suffered from a rare blood disorder. He had a 21 bone marrow transplant（骨髓移植）. Thankfully，Abraham is now out of the hospital. During his 22 ，he found out that he had qualified for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to ask for a dream 23 from Make-A-Wish Mississippi. While many 24 would choose a memorable Disney trip，meeting a favorite celebrity or getting a PlayStation，Abraham instead chose to 25 the homeless in his local community.
The Make-A-Wish Foundation is famous for brightening the lives of children suffering from critical illnesses by realizing their wishes. A wish typically 26 into three categories：a wish to have something，go somewhere or 27 someone. Abraham’s wish to give came as a 28 to the organization，because Abraham’s generous wish was the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history.
Abraham 29 his past experiences volunteering with his family in their community with inspiring his giving wish. When deciding what to do with the incredible 30 ，the one thing that was most 31 to him was that his wish had a long-lasting impact.
Make-A-Wish Mississippi realized the teen’s wish in a big way. They created a service 32 the teen，called Abraham’s Table，which will 33 free meals for the homeless every month for the next year. Recipients（受助人） 34 in Poindexter Park for the meals. Abraham and his proud mom 35 attend and hand out the food. Abraham’s Table fed over 80 people at its first event.
21. A. unforgettable B. meaningful C. successful D. worthless
22. A. flight B. recovery C. period D. lifetime
23. A. wish B. favor C. leave D. gift
24. A. assistants B. teens C. survivors D. volunteers
25. A. fund B. drive C. feed D. house
26. A. divides B. runs C. falls D. slips
27. A. respect B. meet C. invite D. help
28. A. surprise B. humor C. joke D. shock
29. A. recognized B. credited C. agreed D. approved
30. A. strength B. dream C. atmosphere D. opportunity
31. A. challenging B. convenient C. important D. beneficial
32. A. named after B. regarded as C. offered by D. engaged in
33. A. cook B. get C. provide D. eat
34. A. succeed B. consist C. participate D. gather
35. A. personally B. secretly C. lonely D. silently
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On May 15，2021，China landed its Mars probe，Tianwen-1，on the red planet，36. （enter）a new chapter of China’s deep space exploration and marking another 37. （contribute）to humanity’s exploration of the universe.
The lander，carrying a Mars rover（火星 车），touched down at its pre-selected landing area in the southern part of Utopia Planitia. Earlier，on July 23，2020，Tianwen-1，consisting of an orbiter，a lander and a rover，38. （launch）from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. It was the first step 39.
（conduct）China’s planetary exploration of the solar system 40. the aim of completing orbiting，landing and roving on the red planet in one mission.
More than 40 Mars missions 41. （carry）out since the 1960s，42. only about half have succeeded. The success rate for landing is even 43. （low）. The exploration of Mars will not only investigate 44. there is or was life on Mars but also help throw light on the history of evolution and the various future development 45. （trend）of Earth，as well as search for potential living space for human beings，which must be extremely important for human society.
第三部分 写作
［共两节，满分40分］
第一节（满分15分）
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“难忘的 一堂天文课”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍这堂课的相关情况；
2. 这堂课令你难忘的原因。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
An Unforgettable Lesson in Astronomy
We have a lot of astronomy lessons in my school life.
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Space Story
“5，4，3，2，1，blast off!”The spaceship took off when it heard the ground control radio it from star command.“Lift off in procedure!”announced John as the journey began. Going past meteors，massive stones flew past the cockpit window. “Oh，no!”A jagged rock hit the rocket. The next thing John knew was that the rocket was blowing up. The PC screen shone black and red words came up on the screen，saying“GAME OVER!”
“Oh dear，is it that massive rock again?” John’s father Malcolm said coming into his bedroom， “Never mind. It’s time for tea now anyway. Switch your computer off now，will you?”
“OK，”John agreed and came down for tea.
“I expect John knows more about space than I do!”John’s father commented. He was going on an expedition to an unknown planet that hadn’t been visited before.
“It’s exciting up there in space!”said John excitedly.“When I’m older，I’m going to be an astronaut!”His father ruffled his hair and sat down to tea. The fish and chips smelt wonderful and it tasted even better!
John couldn’t believe his dad was going into space in two days. He felt excited for him but he was also worried about him. What if a sharp jagged rock killed him up there? His baby sister Clare was only two years old. She didn’t understand about solar systems and planets yet. She probably didn’t know her dad would be the first person to step on the colorful，big planet；that hadn’t even got a name yet!
“5，4，3，2，1，blast off!”This time，for real! John had butterflies in his stomach as he，his sister and Mom watched the spacecraft hurling itself，ever faster，into space. Malcolm held his breath as the rocket flew up and up. He could feel the change in the atmosphere and was glad of his seat belt. He was sitting in the middle of his two other colleagues，Lara and Simon. From loud noise to dusty silence，hot climate to freezing cold.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Once outside the rocket，the threesome hid their nail varnish so as not to frighten the creatures that lived here.
Meanwhile，Malcolm and Simon were looking for Lara.
UNIT4 单元检测卷
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合孩子阅读的有关太空的书籍。
1. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you’re hoping for a holiday gift for your kids，you’re in the right place.”可推知，本文主要介绍了四本适合孩子阅读的有关太空的书籍，故B项正确。
2. C 细节理解题。根据文章对I Am Neil Armstrong的介绍中的“Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He continued this spirit throughout his career.”可知，I Am Neil Armstrong这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志，故C项正确。
3. A 细节理解题。根据文章对Max Goes to the Space Station的介绍中的“The book was actually sent into space and joined the station’s library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project.”可知，这本书的与众不同之处在于，它经历过太空飞行，故A项正确。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了2022年1月Zara独自完成了环球飞行，成为完成环球飞行的最年轻的女性飞行员。
4. D 细节理解题。根据第一段首句和尾句可知Zara因成为世界上完成环球飞行最年轻的女性而闻名于世。【误解分析】A项文章没有提及；B项错在boat tour；C项错在状语separately，因为Zara的一项成就创下了两项吉尼斯世界纪录，而不是分别两次创下纪录。
5. C 推理判断题。根据第二段和第四段首句可知，Zara这次行程起点和终点都在比利时。
6. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文painful moment...an unscheduled landing in California because of wildfire smoke... couldn’t see anymore可知，飞行过程中突遇加利福尼亚州的野火烟雾，Zara什么都看不清，不得不迫降。这些细节描写主要叙述当时危险的情况。故答案为B。
7. A 主旨大意题。本文是以写人为主要内容的记叙文，主要记述了年轻女飞行员Zara的成就。
C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了名为“月球任务1号”的探月项目——一艘高科技航天器将携带时间胶囊登陆月球南极。
8. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.”及第四段中“Still，it does seem risky for a person to donate￡60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that won’t come true until 2024.”可知，一个人捐赠60英镑便可以在月球上留下一个数码记忆盒，故选A。
9. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The founders thought that it would succeed because of the attraction of both exploring the moon surface and leaving a time capsule behind.”可知，Lunar Mission One项目将会探索月球表面，并在月球上留下一个时间胶囊。故选B。
10. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的那些质疑的问题可知，捐赠60英镑去存放一个数码记忆盒有一定的风险，因为在那么长的时间里会有各种各样的可能性。故选D。
11. D 推理判断题。根据本文最后一句“The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isn’t really about physically leaving something on the moon—it’s more an opportunity to encourage people’s interest in space.（把时间胶囊留在月球上的计划并不是真的要在月球上留下什么东西，它更多的是一个鼓励人们对太空的兴趣的机会）”可知，该项目的目的是呼吁人们更多地关注太空，故选D。
D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目HUNCH，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。
12. A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句句意“来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面无法控制地生长，所以宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们”可知，在国际空间站，很难清除细菌。
13. D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，该项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起。分析选项可知，D项符合题意。
14. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA的工程师们要亲自检查那些高中学生的产品。
15. B 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生。故B项“太空：前沿的期末作业”作为文章的标题最合适。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了几点关于高效复习的建议。
16. D 根据上一句“It is also a good idea to revise before quizzes and exams.”可知，临考前复习可以让你对学习材料记忆犹新。
17. E 根据该段的小标题Find Your Place以及上一句“...find a quiet and relaxing environment.”和下一句中的a place where you will not be disturbed可知，E项符合该处语境。
18. F 根据上一句“...make revising part of your weekly routine.”可知，F项承接上一句，符合该处语境。
19. G G项中的organize them by subject，topic，and date实际上就是该段小标题Stay Organized的方法之一。
20. B 根据下文“At the end of every revision，review your notes carefully...”可知，在每个复习阶段完成后检查自己的掌握情况，因此B项作小标题符合该段语境。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Abraham因患有严重血液疾病，大难不死的他从密西西比许愿基金会得到了满足一个愿望的机会。然而Abraham的愿望是希望基金会给流浪人员提供食物。
21. C 根据下文Abraham is now out of the hospital可知，他出院了。据此可以推断骨髓移植手术比较成功（successful）。
22. B 根据上文Abraham is now out of the hospital可知，Abraham出院了，据此可以推断他在康复（recovery）疗养期得知了消息。
23. A 根据第二段第一句“The Make-A-Wish Foundation... realizing their wishes. ”可知，许愿基金会帮助患病儿童实现愿望（wish）。
24. B 根据第二段第一句“...the lives of children suffering from critical illnesses...”可知，基金会帮助的是患病儿童。与这一身份相适应的是青少年（teens）。
25. C 根据尾段第二句free meals for the homeless和倒数第二句中hand out the food可知，Abraham的愿望是给流浪人员提供食物（feed）。
26. C 句意：愿望通常分为（fall into）三类：拥有某种东西、去往某地或者面见某人。【误解分析】本题易误选divides，此处应该用被动语态。
27. B 根据第一段尾句中的meeting a favorite celebrity并利用关键词复现法可知答案为B。
28. A 根据下文the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history可知，Abraham的愿望是该组织35年来首次出现。据此可以推断对于基金会来说，这个愿望令人吃惊（surprise）。
29. B 句意：Abraham把自己慷慨的愿望归功于（credit）过去同家人一起在社区做志愿活动的经历。
30. D 根据第一段第四句中的he found out that he had qualified for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity并利用关键词复现法可知答案为D。
31. C 句意：在决定使用这个难得的机会做什么时，对他来说最重要的（important）一件事就是他的愿望要有一个持久的影响力。
32. A 根据下文called Abraham’s Table（称为“亚伯拉罕的餐桌”）可知，这项服务是以Abraham的名字命名（name after）的。
33. C 根据倒数第二句“Abraham and his proud mom...hand out the food.”可知，Abraham与妈妈也参与了基金会的活动——给流浪人员分发（提供）食物。
34. D 句意：受助人在Poindexter公园集合（gather）领食物。
35. A 句意：Abraham和自豪的妈妈也亲自（personally）到场参加活动，分发食物。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了“天问一号”火星探测器成功降落在火星上，开启了中国深空探测的新篇章，也为人类探索宇宙做出了新的贡献。
36. entering 考查非谓语动词。分析可知，设空处及之后的内容在句中作状语，结合and marking可知此处要用现在分词形式，故填entering。
37. contribution 考查词性转换。根据句中another可知其后要跟名词单数形式contribution。
38. was launched 考查时态和语态。设空处在句中作谓语，结合时间状语on July 23，2020可知此处的时态为一般过去时；句子主语 Tianwen-1与动词launch之间为被动关系，所以填was launched。
39. to conduct 考查非谓语动词。step为名词，其前有序数词first修饰，所以此处要用不定式作定语，故填to conduct。
40. with 考查介词。with the aim of意为“以……为目的”，故填介词with。
41. have been carried 考查时态和语态。句意：自20世纪60年代以来，有超过40个火星任务被执行……结合句中since the 1960s可知此处要用现在完成时；句中主语More than 40 Mars missions为复数含义，与动词短语carry out为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been carried。
42. but/yet 考查连词。根据上一题可知，已经实施了40多次火星任务，只有大约一半成功。所以设空后的内容与前文为转折关系，此处要用表示转折关系的并列连词，故填but或yet。
43. lower 考查比较级。even常置于比较级之前。故填lower。
44. whether 考查连接词。此处指“探索火星不仅会研究火星上现在或过去是否存在生命”。结合语境可知用whether，意为“是否”。
45. trends 考查名词复数。trend“趋势”为可数名词，所以此处要用复数，故填trends。
第一节
［范文赏读］
An Unforgettable Lesson in Astronomy
We have a lot of astronomy lessons in my school life. But I will never forget the one when I first set foot in the senior high school. In the first astronomy class，my teacher showed us a video clip，in which the first Chinese space woman Liu Yang did a great experiment in space. I was really astonished at her profound knowledge and amazing experience about space.
I used to assume that only men could endure the harsh conditions in space. Not only did that class overturn my recognition to space women，but also it offered us an example to follow as well.
第二节
［范文赏读］
Once outside the rocket，the threesome hid their nail varnish so as not to frighten the creatures that lived here. But without the three knowing it，four blurs flew above their heads.“I saw them just then，”Lara said. Before finishing her words，she was surrounded and taken away to the blurb’s base. Only one blurs in every pack can speak the languages of all the countries on Earth. This one stepped forward and asked，“Where is your nail varnish?”Lara pretended not to understand what it said.
Meanwhile，Malcolm and Simon were looking for Lara. They were prepared for the danger on the expedition to the unknown planet but still at a loss what to do as they couldn’t find Lara. Just then，a flock of blurs appeared. They were in jail soon where they met Lara. Though a little worried，they knew they had to take action；otherwise they would be killed. Simon took out his nail varnish and undid the cap. All the blurs that were standing near for a mile were dead. When they came out of the spaceship，they were welcomed and Lara announced，“The planet got its name‘blurs vanish’.”Everyone laughed.
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