专题9. 阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（牛津译林版）

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阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题
词义猜测题

题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢?利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese?
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...?
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)表示因果关系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例 Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
解析 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一领域。
(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人,使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例　He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
解析　根据“not at all as handsome...”我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4)通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些生词,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例　But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.
解析　从drought所在的句子我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought的意思是“久旱,旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。
(6)通过举例来猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例　Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
解析　pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大概的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
(7)通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的描写。
例　The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
解析　从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,即企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
(8)根据上下文猜测词义
①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。
例　One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it. 
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means　　　. 
A.terrible B.bad C.good D .real
解析　根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟,你还是能发现它积极的一面。”因此答案是C。
②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。
例　If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him. 
The underlined phrase“all wet”means　　　. 
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
解析　根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起”可知,他如果认为能约我出去,那就“错了”。因此D是正确答案。
(9)根据生活常识猜测词义
有时,我们利用自己的生活常识,便可知道生词的含义。
例　A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 
解析　从句子意思可知他想买钉子,那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。
(10)利用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语,与汉语的发音有些相似,另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译,如:sofa(沙发),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(台风),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龙)等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。
例　The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC. 
One day it was revealed that Mrs Morel had cancer and was beyond any help except that of morphine. 
解析　上面这两个句子中画线的两个词,只要我们能准确发音,就能知道它们的意思分别是“奥林匹克”和“吗啡”。

细节理解题
1.题型特点
这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,即针对(w)h-问题,如用when,where,why,how,who,which,what等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节的理解能力。
2.细节理解题主要的设问方式
①Which of the following is true/not true?
②Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage?
③Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?
④Which of the following best describes...?
⑤Which of the following shows/gives the right relationship /position of...?
⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?
3.细节理解题的解题技巧
所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。
(1)搜寻直接答案的阅读技巧
先阅读所给的问题,判断其是否适合采用直接搜寻的阅读方法。如果所提问题是文章中出现的内容(即直接性答案),就可直接搜寻答案。
(2)搜寻间接答案的阅读技巧
①阅读文章所给的问题,判断哪些题目可以依靠通读来解决。比如概括文章主题,给无标题文章选标题,指出作者的观点、意图等的题目就需要依靠通读来解决。
②用较短的时间大体上浏览一下阅读材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么内容,属于什么体裁,以及文章安排的大体轮廓等。
③从头到尾阅读一遍。一般来说,第一段或前几句包含作者的基本思想和下文的发展线索,它是全文展开的基础,为下文发展搭建了理论框架。认真阅读第一段或文章的前几句,尽量抓住其中的主要情节和论点,把握全文发展的脉络。
④有些细节题容易出错主要有几种情况:
a.干扰项多。类似的内容多而杂,需要从中找出准确答案。例如:短文同时出现多个朋友,过去现在的十几种爱好,细节题考某人过去的爱好,需要在多而杂的内容中,带上问题,逐一去寻找,比对,找到正确选项。
b.迷惑性强。例:文中出现总金牌数,问题问的是奥运金牌数,粗心的考生易错选总金牌数。这类题要看清关键信息。
一
Are you bored with your daily routine? Here are some things you should try before you are 18, because after that it’s too late!
Learn to swim
Actually, this is so important it could save your life. If you can’t swim well, you won’t be able to do water sports like waterskiing, surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will not be safe for you. Make sure you do it.
Collect something
One of the best hobbies for under­18s is collecting things. You could collect Chinese stamps, or you could collect things that make you remember what you’ve done, like cinema tickets for films. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you. That way you won’t forget.
Try at least one kind of team sport
Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can’t just think of yourself, but have to work well with other people. Other advantages of team sports like basketball, football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good social life too — you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends.
Write your family tree
When you are young，get to know all the older people in your family and find out as much as you can about when they were young.Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you won’t forget.
1. According to the passage, we should learn to swim because it could ________.[来源:学*科*网]
A. save our lives B. keep us fit and healthy
C. make us work well with others
2. The best way to collect things is ________.
A. to have a special album
B. to buy more stamps and tickets
C. to exchange them with your friends
3. Being a good team player can help you ________.
A. think of yourself B. have a good social skill C. become a ball game star
4. In order not to forget the older people in your family，you should ________.
A. go to lots of family parties
B. find something that they used
C. draw a family tree and make notes
1. 【答案】A
【解析】根据文中＂Actually，this is so important it could save your life.＂可知。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】根据文中＂The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you.＂可知。
3. 【答案】B
【解析】根据文中＂Being a good team player is an important skill in life.＂可知。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】根据文中＂Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you won’t forget.＂可知。
二
One day an Australian farmer Joe saw a bright light in the sky. The light came nearer and nearer and suddenly Joe saw that it was a spaceship. The spaceship landed in a field quickly.
The door of the spaceship opened and two strange beings climbed out. Joe was afraid of them. He tried to run away. But the spacemen walked towards him, picked him up and carried him into the spaceship. They put wires from a machine onto his head and then they could speak to him in English.
They asked him questions about the Earth. ＂We’re from Venus(金星),＂ they said, ＂but it is getting very hot there. A lot of our people are dying and we haven’t much time left. We are trying to find a new home.＂
After some time they freed Joe and at last the spaceship took off and could not be seen.
Joe told his friends about the spacemen, but no one believed his story. ＂You’ll believe me one day,＂ Joe told them. ＂The spacemen will come back...＂[
1. The bright light in the sky was ________.
A. the sun B. a spaceship
C. a shining bird D. Venus
2. The strange beings came to the Earth to ________.
A. visit Joe B. catch Joe
C. find a new home D. live with Joe
3. Joe was ________ the spaceship.
A. carried into B. asked into
C. not afraid of D. happy to get into
4. The strange beings ________ before they let him go.
A. had asked Joe several questions
B. had given Joe some wires
C. had asked Joe to mend their machine
D. had given Joe a lot of money
1. 【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段中＂...Joe saw that it was a spaceship.＂可知选B。
2. 【答案】C
【解析】根据第三段最后一句＂We are trying to find a new home.＂可知选C。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】根据第二段中＂But the spacemen walked towards him, picked him up and carried him into the spaceship.＂可知选A。
4. 【答案】A
【解析】根据第三段第一句＂They asked him questions about the Earth.＂可以知道答案。

三
Music is different from songs. Songs express feelings with lyrics, but music with tones(音调).Unlike songs, music tones in themselves have no specific meanings. Different people may get different things from the same musical performance. Though some music works are difficult to understand, people need music in their daily life because it brings fun to them. Different people like different music: some love classical music, and others take an interest in pop music. Most young people like pop music.
Pop music began in the USA and became popular around the world during the 1950s and 1960s.The best-known early kind of pop music was ＂rock and roll＂. Pop music has taken the place of native music in many parts of the world. It has caused the number of people for ＂jazz＂ music to become much smaller than in the 1950s and earlier and it has now begun to become the most popular. Much pop music is without artistic value(价值), but the works of some pop singers such as the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the groups like Pink Floyd and Crosby are excellent. And there is still great interest in it today. Pop music concerts and festivals are held all over the world.[来源:Z#xx#k.Com]
1. The biggest difference between music and songs is ________.
A. feelings B. lyrics and tones
C. languages and countries D. meanings
2. According to the passage, the number of people for jazz in the 1950s and earlier was ________ it is today.
A. much greater than B. much smaller than
C. as great as D. as small as
3. What does the underlined word ＂kind＂ mean?
A. Type. B. Class.
C. Feature. D. Entertainment.
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage?
A. People can get different things from the same piece of music.
B. Pop music began to be popular in the midtwentieth century.
C. The best-known early form of pop music was ＂rock and roll＂.
D. Much pop music is of great artistic value, so it interests young people greatly.
文章大意：音乐通过音调表达感情，不同的人喜欢不同的音乐。作者着重介绍流行音乐的发展及地位。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据Songs express feelings with lyrics, but music with tones(音调).可知歌曲和音乐表达感情的不同在于歌词及音调，故选B。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据It has caused the number of people for ＂jazz＂ music to become much smaller than in the 1950s and earlier可知在二十世纪五十年代及之前喜欢爵士乐的人比现在多，故选A。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据The best-known early kind of pop music was ＂rock and roll＂.最著名的早期的流行音乐是摇滚乐。kind种类，结合句意，故选A。
4. 【答案】D
【解析】是非判断题。根据Different people may get different things from the same musical performance.可
知A正确；根据Pop music began in the USA and became popular around the world during the 1950s and 1960s.可知B正确；根据The best-known early kind of pop music was ＂rock and roll可知C正确；根据Much pop music is without artistic value(价值), but…可知D错误，故选D。

四
Gardening is popular in many parts of the world. It brings us sweet smelling flowers, fresh fruit and vegetables. But you can get more from your garden.
Gardening helps to keep healthy. Today’s people sit indoors for too long and don’t get much exercise. When you garden, you have to move around. It’s a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers or doing some digging. Besides, when you are in your garden, you can feel the warm sunshine. This means you are getting Vitamin D. It helps your bodies use calcium(钙), which is necessary to keep your bones(骨骼) strong.
　3　It gets them off computers, televisions and phones. Gardening can be a great teacher to teach children about nature and healthy eating. It can also help them to understand the meaning of “No pains, no gains.” 
Gardening is a great way to meet people and build relationships. When you are gardening, you are outdoors. So it is a perfect time to communicate with your neighbors. Most people love to talk about their hobbies, and so do gardeners. They usually enjoy showing people what they are growing. And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens.
1.When it’s　　　, you can get Vitamin D in your garden. 
A.sunny B.cloudy C.snowy D.rainy
2.According to the passage, 　　　is one of the gardening activities. 
A.watching TV B.watering flowers
C.walking dogs D.playing with phones
3.Which of the following can be the missing part in Paragraph 3?
A.Gardening will be good for your bones.
B.Gardening may help people to feel happy.
C.Gardening is a great activity to do with children.
D.Gardening can be a good way to meet neighbors.
4.The best title of the passage may be “　　　”. 
A.Outdoor Activities
B.Advantages of Gardening
C.Healthy Eating Habits
D.Relationships with Neighbors
1.【答案】A　
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第五、六句Besides, when you are in your garden, you can feel the warm sunshine. This means you are getting Vitamin D.可知选A。
2.【答案】B　
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的It’s a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers可知选B。
3.【答案】C　
【解析】推理判断题。通读第三段内容可知,该段讲的是园艺工作对孩子的益处,故选C。
4.【答案】B　
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及之后每段的首句可知,文章主要讲述做园艺工作的好处,故选B。
五
Bobby was preparing to go to bed one night when he heard a shrill screech(尖叫)coming from the barn(牲口棚) outside. What could be making such a loud noise so late in the evening?He had trouble falling asleep and turned all night long dreaming about the noisy monster in the barn. When Bobby woke the next morning, he ran to the barn to discover what caused the loud noise last night. Bobby was baffled. He could not figure out what would make such a noise. That evening after dinner, Bobby gathered his courage, held a flashlight and headed out to the barn.
“Where are you going?” Bobby’s father asked as Bobby made his way through the kitchen to the back door.
“I am going to find the monster in the barn that was making such a noise last night,” Bobby replied bravely.
“If you are going to look for a monster, you might need some help,”Bobby’s dad responded as he walked with Bobby out to the barn.
“What did this monster sound like?”Bobby’s dad asked.
“It was a screeching noise,”Bobby said,“and it was coming from the barn. I know it!” Bobby’s dad began to smile as they went near the barn, and he took the flashlight from Bobby. Shining the flashlight up at the roof of the barn, Bobby and his dad saw a small brown owl in the roof.
“It was only a barn owl that you heard last night,” Bobby’s dad said,“They are active in the night so that is why you only heard him at night. He must have been hunting.”
Bobby was relieved that it wasn’t really a monster. He thanked his dad as they walked back to the house. As they reached the door they heard a loud screech and looked up just in time to see the barn owl flying away into the night sky.
1.What do you think the underlined word “baffled” in Paragraph 1 probably means?
A.勇敢 B.疑惑 C.自信 D.害羞
2.This passage is mainly about 　　　. 
A.dreaming about the noisy monsters
B.a father and a son going hunting in the barn
C.learning about different types of owls
D.discovering the source of a strange sound
3.What would probably be the best title for this passage?
A.The Monster in the Barn B.The Horse in the Barn
C.Father and Son D.Bobby’s Dad
1.【答案】B　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的He could not figure out what would make such a noise可知答案。
2.【答案】D　
【解析】细节理解题。从第二、三段可以知道他想确定“尖叫声”的来源。
3.【答案】A　
【解析】主旨大意题。文章中Bobby在寻找尖叫声的来源,他认为有怪物,后来发现“尖叫的怪物”原来是猫头鹰,以“牲口棚中的怪物”为题更加切合主题。
六
For a long time, scientists believed that only humans were left- or right-handed. However, recent studies have shown that this isn’t true. Just like people, animals favor one side or the other.

In Ireland, scientists studied a group of 42 cats. They gave them three tasks. One was to get a delicious piece of fish out of a bottle. They found that the male cats preferred to use their left paw, and the female cats preferred to use their right.

Being left- or right-handed isn’t limited to(局限于) arms and legs. It can include eyes, ears, claws, and even tails. In Italy, scientists discovered that dogs wag their tails to the right when they see something that they like. When they see something that they don’t like, their tails go to the left.
There are lots of other fun examples. Left-handed dolphins swim in a different direction around the pool. Elephants like to swing their trunks in one direction. Even snakes prefer to curl up only one way.
Many people believe that polar bears are left-handed. They say, for example, that polar bears cover their black nose with their right paw, which helps them hide in the snow when they are hunting. Then they can sneak up(悄悄靠近) on a seal, and their left paw will be free to catch it.
Scientists, however, disagree. Some have watched polar bears for thousands of hours. They never saw the bears cover their nose during a hunt. They also saw no evidence(证据) that they were left-handed. Without taking any notice of this, many websites continue to say that polar bears are left-handed.
Scientists are still learning about animals and their behaviors. The next time you see an animal, whether it’s your pet cat or an elephant, try figuring out yourself which it prefers—left or right.
1.The underlined word “favor” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to 　　　. 
A.give B.find C.see D.prefer
2.In Paragraph 2, we can get the information about 　　　. 
A.an Irish scientist who studies cats
B.a study about cats and its findings
C.three tasks done by male and female cats
D.an introduction to how cats get fish
3.Which one of the following statements is TRUE about polar bears?
A.It’s believed that polar bears are left-handed for they use their left paw to cover their nose.
B.The finding that polar bears cover their nose while hunting is supported by scientists.
C.Scientists disagree with the popular belief that polar bears are left-handed.
D.The information from many websites that polar bears are left-handed is believable.
4.The purpose of this passage is mainly to 　　　. 
A.introduce recent studies of animals
B.explain why some animals are left-handed
C.tell us which side animals prefer
D.let us learn about animals in different countries
1.【答案】D　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二自然段中They found that the male cats preferred to use their left paw, and the female cats preferred to use their right可以推断出favor的含义就是prefer。
2.【答案】B　
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二自然段第一句的scientists studied a group of 42 cats和第四句的They found that...可知选择B项。
3.【答案】C　
【解析】细节理解题。第五段讲述了人们普遍相信北极熊是左撇子,第六段讲述了科学家们的研究推翻了这一观点,因此选择C项。
4.【答案】A　
【解析】主旨大意题。通过首段中的recent studies have shown that...animals...和尾段中的Scientists are still learning about animals and their behavior可知,文章介绍的是科学家们最近对一些动物的研究。因此选择A项。
七
Long long ago, there was a king. He liked to draw pictures. He thought his pictures were good, so he liked to show them to people. People were afraid to say that the king's pictures were bad, so they all said that his pictures were very good.
　　One day, the king showed some of his best pictures to an artist. He wanted the artist to speak well of these pictures. But the artist said his pictures were so bad that he should put them into the fire. The king got angry with him and put him to prison.
　　After some time, the king's guard brought the artist back to the palace. The king said to the artist. “I will set you free if you tell me which one of my pictures is good.” Again he showed him some of his new pictures and asked what he thought of them.
　　After having a look at them, the artist at once turned to the guard and said, “Take me back to prison, please.
　1．What did the king like to do?
　　A. To buy pictures.　　　　B. To draw pictures.
　　C. To keep pictures. 　　　D. To watch pictures.
　2．The pictures the king drew were __________.
　　A. as good as the artist’s 　　　　 B. better than the artist’s
　　C. very bad　　　　　　　　 　 D. very good
　3．Which of the following is right?
　　A. The artist said the king’s pictures were excellent.
　　B. The king thought his pictures were not good.
　　C. The artist said the king’s pictures were bad.
D. The people said the king’s pictures were good.
4．What’s the meaning of the sentence “Take me back to prison”?
　　A. The artist liked to be in prison.
　　B. The artist thought the king’s pictures were better.
　　C. The artist thought the king’s pictures were still bad.
　　D. The artist was still angry with the king.
1. 【答案】B。
【解析】由第一段第二句可判断。
2. 【答案】C。
【解析】由第一段最后一句可判断。这个国家的人怕国王，不敢说国王的画不好。只好违心地说国王的画好。
3. 【答案】C。
【解析】由第二段第三句可判断。
4. 【答案】B。
【解析】由第二段最后一句可判断。
5. 【答案】C。
【解析】因为第一次画家说国王的画不好，结果关进监狱。第二次国王想让画家在新画中挑一张好的，画家挑不出来，要求回监狱。也就是说，国王的新画还是都不好。
八
TV has become one important part of modern life．People enjoy themselves after hard work by watching TV．They can see some plays，some stories，some sports matches without going out of home，and without spending much money buying tickets．TV programmes make people’s life more interesting．
People learn much from TV，students can study by watching some educational programmes．People can see news，weather reports，programmes about science and computers．
But not all the programmes are good enough．Today，there are too many programmes about love and crime．Some people become bad because they learn from the bad people in those programmes．And watching TV usually takes too much time．It’s not good for people’s work and study．It’s not good for their eyes，either．
Is watching TV a good thing or a bad one? I think it depends on people themselves．If one can choose good programmes and he doesn’t spend too much time on TV，it can be a good thing for him．
1．If we don’t go out of home，how can we see some football matches according to the article?
A．By listening to the radio．
B．By buying some tickets．
C．By watching TV．
D．By being a fan．
2．What can we see on TV?
A．Some plays and stories． B．Some educational programmes．
C．News，weather reports． D．All of the above．
3．Why do some people become bad after watching some programmes?
A．Because they watch TV for a long time every day．
B．Because they learn from the bad people on TV．
C．Because it isn’t good for their eyes．
D．Because they don’t get enough sleep．
4．What does the underlined word“crime”mean?
A．奋斗 B．教育 C．犯罪 D．科学
1．【答案】C。
【解析】由第一段可知通过看电视我们可以足不出户看足球赛。
2．【答案】D。
【解析】由第一段的“They can see some plays，some stories...”及第二段内容可知选D。
3．【答案】B。
【解析】由第三段的“Some people become bad because they learn from the bad people in those programmes.”可知选B。
4．【答案】C。
【解析】由第三段的“Some people become bad because they learn from the bad people in those programmes．”可推断crime应该是一个表示“坏的”方面的词，利用排除法应该选C。
5. 【答案】C。
【解析】由最后一段第二句话可知答案。
九
What are you going to do if you are in a burning house? How will you escape? Do you know how to save yourself? Please read the following passage．
Escaping from a fire is a serious matter．Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life．It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family，such as stairways(楼梯) and fire escapes，but not lifts．
From the lower floors of the buildings，escaping through windows is possible．Learn the best way of leaving by windows with the least chance of serious injury(受伤)．
The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground．Of course，it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building．
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help．Be sure to keep the door closed．Or smoke and fire may be drawn into the room．Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may leak(渗) into the room．
On a second or third floor，the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof．From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely．Dropping onto hard ground might end in injury．Bushes(灌木丛) and grass can help to break a fall(使势头减弱)．
1．It is important to _______．
A．put out the big fire in the burning house
B．jump off a high burning house
C．know the ways to escape from the fire
D．keep the door open
2．From Paragraph 3，we know that it is possible to escape through the windows _______．
A．if there are no bushes on the ground
B．if you live on a lower floor
C．if you live on a higher floor
D．if you have no rope
3．Which of the following escaping ways is NOT right?
A．You can escape through stairways．
B．You can choose fire escapes．
C．Escape from the windows that open onto a roof．
D．Use a lift to come down at once．
4．Of course，it is _______ to jump a short way than to stay in a building on fire．
A．safer B．easier C．more dangerous D．more difficult
1．【答案】C。
【解析】结合文中第二段可知：在火灾中懂得逃生和自救是非常重要的。
2．【答案】B。
【解析】由第三段From the lower floors of the buildings，escaping through windows is possible.”可知：低楼层的人遇到火灾，通过窗户逃生是可以的。故选B。
3．【答案】D。
【解析】由第二段可知：从楼梯和安全出口逃生是正确的方法，而不是乘电梯，故选D说法不正确。
4．【答案】A。
【解析】由第四段最后一句可知：从一个较矮的地方跳下比待在一幢着火的建筑物里更安全。故答案选A。
十
TOKYO, JAPAN—What do you do when you see a cockroach (蟑螂）？ Do you hit it with a newspaper? Do you step on it?
When researchers at Tokyo University see a cockroach, they take the remote control and make the cockroach turn around, run left or right, or go forward. These scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots. Each cockroach has a very small pack that has in it a microprocessor(微处理器）.Then researchers can send signals from the remote control to the pack. The signals control the movements of the cockroaches.
Why does anyone want to control a cockroach? “Insects can do many things that people can’t,” says Isao Shimoyama, head of robot research at Tokyo University. In a few years, he says, these robot insects will carry very small cameras. They will be able to move through earthquake rubble(瓦砾）to look for people or move under doors to find information about someone.
This may seem strange, but the Japanese government thinks the research is very important. The government is giving the scientists $ 5 million for this research.
First, the researchers breed (培育)hundreds of cockroaches. They use only the American cockroach because it is bigger and stronger than other cockroaches. Then they choose the best cockroaches and remove their wings and antennae(触须）. They put small packs where the antennae were. The packs weigh about three grams, or about two times the weight of the cockroaches themselves. “Cockroaches are very strong,” says Ralph Holzer, who is a researcher at Tokyo University. “They can lift 20 times their own weight.”
With a remote control, the scientists send signals to the packs. When a cockroach gets the signal, it moves. The problem is that the cockroaches don’t always move in the right direction.
1. The scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots because ______.
A. they want cockroaches to do things people can’t in the future
B. they want to control the movements of the cockroaches
C. they want cockroaches to take photos of the earthquakes
D. they want to send signals to the packs on the cockroaches
2. What can cockroaches do to help people?
A. They can lift 20 times their own weight.
B. They can help people to carry very small cameras.
C. They can breed hundreds of cockroaches.
D. They can search for those people in rubble after an earthquake.
3. Scientists control cockroaches’ movements ______.
A. by removing their wings
B. by sending signals from the remote control
C. by using very small cameras
D. by removing their antennae
4. What problem do the researchers meet with?
A. The cockroaches sometimes don’t move.
B. The cockroaches sometimes move in the wrong direction.
C. The cockroaches are too big to move through earthquake rubble.
D. The cockroaches can only lift 20 times their own weight.
1.【答案】 A。
【解析】根据第三段中的“Insects can do many things that people can’t”可知，科学家将蟑螂变成机器人是因为他们想让蟑螂在将来做一些人类不能够做的事情，故选A。
2. 【答案】D。
【解析】根据第三段中的“They will be able to move through earthquake rubble(瓦砾)to look for people or move under doors to find information about someone.”可知，答案选D。
3. 【答案】B。
【解析】根据最后一段中的“With a remote control, the scientists send signals to the packs. When a cockroach gets the signal, it moves.”可知，科学家通过发送信号来控制蟑螂的运动，故选B。
4. 【答案】B。
【解析】根据文章的最后一句“The problem is that the cockroaches don’t always move in the right direction.”可知，科学家遇到的问题是蟑螂有时会走错方向，故选B。

十一
Gardening is popular in many parts of the world. It brings us sweet smelling flowers, fresh fruit and vegetables. But you can get more from your garden.
Gardening helps to keep healthy. Today’s people sit indoors for too long and don’t get much exercise. When you garden, you have to move around. It’s a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers or doing some digging. Besides, when you are in your garden, you can feel the warm sunshine. This means you are getting Vitamin D. It helps your bodies use calcium(钙), which is necessary to keep your bones(骨骼) strong.
　1　It gets them off computers, televisions and phones. Gardening can be a great teacher to teach children about nature and healthy eating. It can also help them to understand the meaning of “No pains, no gains.” 
Gardening is a great way to meet people and build relationships. When you are gardening, you are outdoors. So it is a perfect time to communicate with your neighbors. Most people love to talk about their hobbies, and so do gardeners. They usually enjoy showing people what they are growing. And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens.
1.When it’s　　　, you can get Vitamin D in your garden. 
A.sunny B.cloudy
C.snowy D.rainy
2.According to the passage, 　　　is one of the gardening activities. 
A.watching TV B.watering flowers
C.walking dogs D.playing with phones
3.Which of the following can be the missing part in Paragraph 3?
A.Gardening will be good for your bones.
B.Gardening may help people to feel happy.
C.Gardening is a great activity to do with children.
D.Gardening can be a good way to meet neighbors.
1.【答案】A　
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第五、六句Besides, when you are in your garden, you can feel the warm sunshine. This means you are getting Vitamin D.可知选A。
2. 【答案】B　
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的It’s a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers可知选B。
3. 【答案】C　
【解析】推理判断题。通读第三段内容可知,该段讲的是园艺工作对孩子的益处,故选C。
十二
Scientists in Britain and the United States have made a new kind of enzyme(酵素) that eats plastics(塑料). With its help, plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly. Scientists believe that, in the future, it could solve the problem of plastic pollution.
The enzyme is able to break down PET, a form of plastic. PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles. It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water. So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from PET and other plastics. 
The researchers made the discovery(发现) while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan. They found that the natural enzyme was helping to break down PET plastics. So, they decided to make small changes to the enzyme by adding some amino acids(氨基酸). It made the natural enzyme’s plastic-eating abilities work faster and better.
John McGeehan, one of the lead researchers, said, “We’ve made an improved enzyme. It’s better than the natural one. And we are trying to make more improvements to it.” He went on, “The enzyme is not harmful to humans or animals, and it is friendly to the environment. So we are considering putting it into wider use.”
The team is now trying to make the enzyme break down PET in large quantities(大量地). “We’ll see that the plastic pollution may be stopped with this technology. However, there is still a long way to go,” John McGeehan added.
1.According to the scientists, the enzyme may solve the problem of　　　 pollution. 
A.air B.water C.light D.plastic
2.The underlined phrase “break down” in the passage probably means “　　　” in Chinese. 
A.实验 B.生产 C.发明 D.分解
3.Researchers discovered that a natural enzyme helped eat plastics　　　. 
A.in Britain B.in the US
C.in Japan D.in China
1.【答案】D　
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的it could solve the problem of plastic pollution可知选D。
2. 【答案】D　
【解析】词义猜测题。上文提到这类酵素能解决塑料污染问题,而只有分解塑料才能解决塑料污染问题,故选D。
3. 【答案】C　
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句The researchers made the discovery while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan.可知C项正确。
十三
Have you ever imagined going to other countries without your paper passport?That will soon come true. And your paper passport will become history. You may use a new kind of passport called “cloud passport”in the future.
It’s reported that Australia will be the first country to use the cloud passport. With the cloud passport, you don’t have to take a paper passport with you all the time. The cloud passport will have your name, photos and other information. And if you go to other countries, you can just check the information on the computer.
When you take a paper passport with you, you might lose it. But with the cloud passport, you don’t have to worry about that.
Do you think the cloud passport is a great idea?Perhaps you will have it in the future, too.
1.You may use a new kind of passport called“　　　passport”in the future. 
A.cloud B.paper C.history D.photo
2.It’s reported that　　　will be the first country to use the new kind of passport. 
A.China B.Australia C.America D.England
3.If you have the cloud passport,　　　. 
A.you can take it with you easily
B.you needn’t worry about losing it
C.you can go to Australia freely
D.you needn’t go to other countries
1.【答案】A　
【解析】细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知为“云护照”。
2. 【答案】B　
【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知,澳大利亚将会是第一个使用“云护照”的国家。
3. 【答案】B　
【解析】细节理解题。由第三段可知,有了“云护照”就不必担心丢失护照了。