专题4.宾语从句 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（牛津译林版）

宾语从句

一．知识解析

　　宾语从句属于名词性从句,其连接词及作用见下表:

　　1.宾语从句的时态

(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:

I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。

He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。

(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:

He told me that he would take part in the competition.他告诉我他将会参加比赛。

(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:

He told me that the earth is round.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。

2.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如:

What’s Kate’s e-mail address?Do you know?

=Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?

你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?

3.宾语从句的连接词

(1)that引导的宾语从句。如:

“She is a good girl,”the teacher told us.

=The teacher told us(that) she was a good girl.

老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。

注意:that一般可以省略,但是当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that 都不可以省略。如:

He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.

他说这部电影非常有趣,并且他非常喜欢看。

(2)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。如:

When did he leave for Japan?Could you tell me?

=Could you tell me when he left for Japan?

 你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗?

4.否定转移

在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:

I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。

5.宾语从句的简化

(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:

I hope that I can receive your e-mail.

=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。

(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等,从句由疑问词引导时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:

She doesn’t know what she should do next.

=She doesn’t know what to do next.

她不知道下一步该做什么。

(3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如:

I don’t believe what Tom said.

=I don’t believe Tom’s words.

我不相信汤姆所说的话。

题组训练

一、根据要求完成句子

1.Mr.Lee asked Tom,“Where have you been?”(改为间接引语)

Mr.Lee asked Tom 　where he had been　. 

2.The teacher told us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”(改为间接引语)

The teacher told us 　light travels　 much faster than sound. 

3.We haven’t decided if we will go to Hainan Island for a holiday.(改为同义句)

We haven’t decided 　whether to go　 to Hainan Island for a holiday. 

4.I think Daniel’s finished his homework.(改为否定句)

I 　don’t think　 Daniel 　has　 finished his homework. 

5.He seems to have learnt about the bad news.(改为同义句)

It seems 　that he has learnt　 about the bad news. 

6.Who is the man?Could you tell me?(合并为一个句子并且不改变意思)

Could you tell me 　who the man is　? 

三．随堂练习

全国题组

一、填空题

1.Find out 　　　 those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the people around you. 

【答案】　what　考查宾语从句的连接词。此处表示“找出那些东西是什么……”。“ 　　　 those things are”为宾语从句,作find out的宾语,该从句中缺少表语,且设空处意为“什么”,故填what。 

2.—Do you know　　　the Smiths left Shanghai? 

—I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday.

【答案】when　句意:——你知道史密斯一家什么时候离开上海的吗?——我不确定日期。我只记得是个星期天。本题考查连接词。根据答句可知是时间,因此使用when。

3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed.

—Yes,but we don’t know　　　 it’s to be opened to traffic soon. 

【答案】whether　句意:——据说新的公路已经竣工了。——是的,但是我们不知道是否很快就能通车。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。whether是否,符合句意。

二、单项选择

1.—Did you notice 　　　 in her office? 

—Yes. She was going over our writing.

A.what was Miss Lin doing

B.what Miss Lin was doing

C.what does Miss Lin do

D.what Miss Lin does

【答案】B　

【解析】句意:——你有没有注意到林老师在她的办公室里做什么?——注意到了。她在批阅我们的作文。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A和C;根据答语可知应用过去进行时,因此选B。

2.—Dear friends, do you still remember 　　　 three years ago? 

—To realize our dreams!

A.why you came here B.why did you come here

C.how you came here D.how did you come here

【答案】A　

【解析】句意:——亲爱的朋友们,你们还记得三年前为什么来这里吗?——为了实现我们的梦想!本题考查宾语从句。答语是表示目的的动词不定式短语,故此处应该用why,且宾语从句中应该用陈述句语序,故选A。

3.—Alice, could you tell me 　　　 London? 

—Sure. Last Sunday.

A.when Mr. Smith left

B.when Mr. Smith will leave

C.when did Mr. Smith leave

D.when will Mr. Smith leave

【答案】A　

【解析】句意:——Alice,你可以告诉我史密斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗?——当然可以,上周日。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,由答句中的Last Sunday可知此处应该用一般过去时,故选择A。

4.—Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us　　　? 

—Yes. She said we should meet there at nine.

A.which was the way to the station

B.why we should meet at the station

C.when we should get to the station

D.who we should meet at the station

【答案】C　

【解析】句意:——你好,肯。张夫人告诉我们什么时候应该去车站了吗?——是的。她说我们应该9点钟在那里见面。本题考查宾语从句。由答语的at nine可知宾语从句应用when引导,故本题选择C。

5.—Judy, could you tell me 　　　 the schoolbag? 

—Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet.

A.where did you buy B.where will you buy

C.where you bought D.where you will buy

【答案】C　

【解析】句意:——朱迪,你能告诉我你在哪里买的书包吗?——哦,好的。我在网上的一家商店里买的。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句采用陈述句语序,结合答语使用了一般过去时可知应选C。

6.Mr Jackson hasn’t decided 　　　 this weekend. 

A.where he will have a picnic

B.where will he have a picnic

C.where he had a picnic

D.where did he have a picnic

【答案】A　

【解析】句意:杰克逊先生还没有决定这个周末要去哪里野餐。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序:引导词+主语+谓语+其他,排除B、D项;因为是没决定本周末要做的事,所以用将来时。故选A项。

7.—After we enter high school, we will have the courses about life management. We can choose what we like. I wonder　　　. 

—Physics. I want to study science in the future.

A.what choosing courses is for

B.what courses you want to take

C.what you think of choosing courses

【答案】B　

【解析】句意:——当我们升入高中以后,我们将有关于人生规划的课程,我们可以选择我们所喜欢的。我想知道你想选择什么课程。——物理,我想在未来学习科学。本题考查宾语从句的用法。根据答语可知设空处应该问“你想选择什么课程”,故选B项。

8.—What did Tom say to you just now,John?

—He asked　　　. 

A.why I am so happy today

B.what will I do for the weekend

C.who did I play football with after school

D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight

【答案】D　

【解析】句意:——约翰,刚才汤姆对你说了什么?——他问我今晚是否可以和他一起去看电影。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应使用陈述句语序,排除B、C两项;主句的时态是一般过去时态,从句应该使用相应的过去时态,排除A项。故答案为D。

9.—Do you know 　　　? 

—Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.

A.why did they move here

B.why they moved here

C.when did they move here

D.when they moved here

【答案】D　

【解析】句意:——你知道他们什么时候搬到这儿来的吗?——让我想想。我记得是在三月十八号。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A、C两项;答语回答的是时间,应用when引导。故选D。

10.—Do you know 　　　? 

—For a month.

A.how long will she be away

B.how long she will be away

C.how often will she go there

D.how often she will go there

【答案】　B　

【解析】句意:——你知道她将离开多长时间吗?——一个月。本题考查宾语从句。根据回答可知问句应该使用how long提问,表示“多长时间”,故排除C、D两项。宾语从句应该使用陈述句语序,故排除A项。

二

1.—Could you tell me 　　　 tomorrow? 

—It will be sunny.

A.what will the weather be like

B.what the weather will be like

C.when will the weather be sunny

D.when the weather will be sunny

【答案】　B　

【解析】句意:——你能告诉我明天天气怎么样吗?——将会是晴天。本题考查宾语从句。时间状语为tomorrow,应该用一般将来时,宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,故选B。

2.(2019滨州,35)—Could you tell me　　　? 

—Sure. Go down the street, you can find it at the second crossing!

A.where is the supermarket

B.where the supermarket is

C.when does the supermarket open

D.when the supermarket opens

【答案】　B　

【解析】句意:——你能告诉我超市在哪里吗?——当然。沿着这条街走,你会在第二个十字路口找到它!本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,故排除A、C两项。根据回答Go down the street,可知问的是地点,故选B。

3.—I don’t know 　　　tomorrow. 

—You can ask our teacher right now.

A.if we take the bus there B.when will we leave

C.what will we do   D.how we will go there

【答案】D　

【解析】句意:——我不知道明天我们怎么去那儿。——你可以现在问问我们的老师。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除B和C,根据从句中的tomorrow可知选D。

4.We were all disappointed at　　　. 

A.what does the boy say

B.what the boy says

C.what did the boy say

D.what the boy said

【答案】D　

【解析】句意:我们都对那个男孩说的话感到失望。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句中应用陈述句语序,并且此处应用过去时态,故选D。

5.—Excuse me, could you please tell me 　　　 from here to the airport? 

—Sure. It’s about 100 kilometers.

A.how far it is B.how long it takes

C.how far is it D.how long does it take

【答案】　A　

【解析】句意:——打扰了,你能告诉我从这儿到机场有多远吗?——当然可以,大约100千米。本题考查宾语从句。设空处作动词tell的宾语,可知是宾语从句,应用陈述句语序,排除C和D,根据答语可知选A。

6.—Excuse me, I wonder 　　　. 

—Yes, it’s near the bookstore.

A.where we will go for the holiday

B.if there is a lost and found office

C.when she will give me a call

D.how we can go to Hong Kong

【答案】　B　

【解析】句意:——打扰了,我想知道是否有一个失物招领办公室。——是的,它在书店附近。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语的Yes可知设空处的宾语从句应用if引导,连接词if意为“是否”。故选B。

7.—Can you tell me 　　　? 

—It will be built to help work out big city problems in Beijing.

A.if Xiong’an New Area will be built

B.when we will build Xiong’an New Area

C.why Xiong’an New Area will be built

D.what will happen to the people in Xion’an New Area

【答案】C　

【解析】句意:——你能告诉我为什么要建雄安新区吗?——建它是为了帮助解决北京的大城市问题。本题考查宾语从句。A.雄安新区是否将被建立;B.我们什么时候建立雄安新区;C.为什么雄安新区将被建立;D.雄安新区的人们将发生什么事。根据答语可知问的是原因,故选C。

8.—Excuse me, do you know 　　　 yesterday? 

—Sure. It closed at 6:00 p.m. yesterday.

A.when the bookstore closes

B.when does the bookstore close

C.when the bookstore closed

D.when did the bookstore close

【答案】C　

【解析】句意:——打扰一下,你知道书店昨天什么时候关门的吗?——当然。它是昨天下午6:00关门的。本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序。宾语从句的时态遵循以下原则:主句为一般现在时,从句的时态根据实际情况来确定;主句为一般过去时,从句一般用过去的某种时态。故选C。

9.—Excuse me. Could you tell me　　　about the local history and culture? 

—Of course. You can check it on this computer.

A.how can I get the information

B.what information did I get

C.where I can get the information

D.that I got the information

【答案】　C　

【解析】句意:——劳驾,你能告诉我在哪儿能得到关于当地历史和文化的信息吗?——当然。你可以在这台电脑上查一下。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,故排除A、B两项,根据答语可知答案为C项。

10.The police wondered　　　. 

A.whose handbag it is

B.whose handbag it was

C.whose handbag is it

D.whose handbag was it

【答案】　B　

【解析】句意:警方想知道这是谁的手提包。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,而C、D两项都是疑问句语序,故排除。当主句是一般过去时态的时候,从句应该用相应的过去时态。故排除A项。

三

1.We don’t know 　　　, but it tells us the importance of friendship. 

A.what the story is about

B.whether the story is true

C.when did the story take place

【答案】B　

【解析】句意:我们不知道这个故事是否真实,但是它告诉我们友谊的重要性。本题考查宾语从句。根据语境可知选B。

2.—Have you decided　　　the Expo 2019 Beijing? 

—This summer holiday.

A.how are you going to B.how you are going to

C.when are you going to D.when you are going to

【答案】D　

【解析】句意:——你决定什么时候去2019年北京世博会了吗?——今年暑假。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知,对方问的是时间,所以可排除A和B。C选项没有用陈述句语序,也可以被排除,故选D。

3.—How beautiful your skirt is! Could you please tell me 　　　? 

—Thanks. I bought it on Taobao.

A.where you bought it  B.when you bought it  C.why you bought it

【答案】A　

【解析】句意:——你的裙子多么漂亮啊!你能告诉我你在哪里买的它吗?——谢谢。我在淘宝上买的它。本题考查宾语从句。由本句答语中的on Taobao可知上一句是在询问“在哪里买的”,故本题选A。

4.—Karl Marx is a great thinker. Do you know　　　? 

—In 1818.

A.where he was from  B.when he was born C.how he learned foreign languages

【答案】B　

【解析】句意:——Karl Marx是一个伟大的思想家,你知道他什么时候出生的吗?——在1818年。本题考查宾语从句。从答语“In 1818.”可知,问题应当问时间,因此宾语从句的引导词用“when”,故选B。

5.—Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us　　　? 

—Yes. She said we should meet there at nine.

A.which was the way to the station

B.why we should meet at the station

C.when we should get to the station

D.who we should meet at the station

【答案】C　

【解析】句意:——你好,肯。张夫人告诉我们什么时候应该去车站了吗?——是的。她说我们应该9点钟在那里见面。本题考查宾语从句。由答语的at nine可知宾语从句应用when引导,故本题选择C。

6.—Judy, could you tell me 　　　 the schoolbag? 

—Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet.

A.where did you buy B.where will you buy

C.where you bought D.where you will buy

【答案】C　

【解析】句意:——朱迪,你能告诉我你在哪里买的书包吗?——哦,好的。我在网上的一家商店里买的。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句采用陈述句语序,结合答语使用了一般过去时可知应选C。

7.We’re discussing why 　　　 for our health. 

A.are fast food bad B.fast food are bad

C.fast food is bad D.is fast food bad

【答案】C　

【解析】句意:我们正在讨论快餐为什么对我们的健康有害。本题考查宾语从句及主谓一致。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序,可排除选项A、D。由fast food为不可数名词可排除选项B。本题答案为C。

8.I’m planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but still can’t decide　　　. 

 A.where I’m going B.how I’m going

 C.why I’m planning  D.when I’m planning

【答案】B　

【解析】句意:我正在计划明天去沙滩旅行,但仍然不能决定我怎么去。本题考查宾语从句。where表示地点;how表示方式;why表示原因;when表示时间。根据句意可知,答案为B项。

9.—What did Tom say to you just now,John?

—He asked　　　. 

A.why I am so happy today

B.what will I do for the weekend

C.who did I play football with after school

D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight

【答案】D　

【解析】句意:——约翰,刚才汤姆对你说了什么?——他问我今晚是否可以和他一起去看电影。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应使用陈述句语序,排除B、C两项;主句的时态是一般过去时态,从句应该使用相应的过去时态,排除A项。故答案为D。

10.—Mum,the visit to the science museum is so wonderful.

—Really?Could you tell me　　　? 

A.that you did and saw there

B.when you come back

C.how did you get there

D.if you saw models of spacecraft there

【答案】D　

【解析】句意:——妈妈,去科学博物馆的参观很精彩。——真的吗?你能告诉我你是否在那儿看到了宇宙飞船的模型吗?考查宾语从句。宾语从句应使用陈述句语序,故排除C。由语境可知已参观过了科学博物馆,故B项时态不正确;that引导宾语从句时只起连接作用,不充当成分,而A项中did和saw后缺宾语,故排除A项。故只能选D。