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专题9. 阅读理解--细节理解题、词义猜测题 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（仁爱版）
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阅读理解--细节理解题、词义猜测题
细节理解题
1.题型特点
这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,即针对(w)h-问题,如用when,where,why,how,who,which,what等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节的理解能力。
2.细节理解题主要的设问方式
①Which of the following is true/not true?
②Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage?
③Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?
④Which of the following best describes...?
⑤Which of the following shows/gives the right relationship /position of...?
⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?
3.细节理解题的解题技巧
所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。
(1)搜寻直接答案的阅读技巧
先阅读所给的问题,判断其是否适合采用直接搜寻的阅读方法。如果所提问题是文章中出现的内容(即直接性答案),就可直接搜寻答案。
(2)搜寻间接答案的阅读技巧
①阅读文章所给的问题,判断哪些题目可以依靠通读来解决。比如概括文章主题,给无标题文章选标题,指出作者的观点、意图等的题目就需要依靠通读来解决。
②用较短的时间大体上浏览一下阅读材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么内容,属于什么体裁,以及文章安排的大体轮廓等。
③从头到尾阅读一遍。一般来说,第一段或前几句包含作者的基本思想和下文的发展线索,它是全文展开的基础,为下文发展搭建了理论框架。认真阅读第一段或文章的前几句,尽量抓住其中的主要情节和论点,把握全文发展的脉络。
④有些细节题容易出错主要有几种情况:
a.干扰项多。类似的内容多而杂,需要从中找出准确答案。例如:短文同时出现多个朋友,过去现在的十几种爱好,细节题考某人过去的爱好,需要在多而杂的内容中,带上问题,逐一去寻找,比对,找到正确选项。
b.迷惑性强。例:文中出现总金牌数,问题问的是奥运金牌数,粗心的考生易错选总金牌数。这类题要看清关键信息。
词义猜测题
题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢?利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese?
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...?
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)表示因果关系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例 Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
解析 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一领域。
(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人,使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例 He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
解析 根据“not at all as handsome...”我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4)通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些生词,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例 But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.
解析 从drought所在的句子我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought的意思是“久旱,旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。
(6)通过举例来猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例 Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
解析 pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大概的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
(7)通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的描写。
例 The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
解析 从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,即企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
(8)根据上下文猜测词义
①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。
例 One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means .
A.terrible B.bad C.good D .real
解析 根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟,你还是能发现它积极的一面。”因此答案是C。
②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。
例 If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him.
The underlined phrase“all wet”means .
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
解析 根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起”可知,他如果认为能约我出去,那就“错了”。因此D是正确答案。
(9)根据生活常识猜测词义
有时,我们利用自己的生活常识,便可知道生词的含义。
例 A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
解析 从句子意思可知他想买钉子,那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。
(10)利用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语,与汉语的发音有些相似,另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译,如:sofa(沙发),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(台风),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龙)等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。
例 The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC.
One day it was revealed that Mrs Morel had cancer and was beyond any help except that of morphine.
解析 上面这两个句子中画线的两个词,只要我们能准确发音,就能知道它们的意思分别是“奥林匹克”和“吗啡”。
一、释义题解题方法
1.反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。
As always, the people are the most interesting part. A Bite of China 2 shows a greater dream—through homemade food, it tells the joys and sorrows of common Chinese in changing times, according to director Chen Xiaoqing of the documentary series.
. What does the underlined word “sorrows” mean in Chinese?
A. 故事 B. 伤害 C. 快乐 D. 悲伤
【答案】D
【解析】joys and sorrows 快乐和悲伤
2.释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语、逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
We are already familiar with computers—computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?
. “To be familiar with” means to _______.
A. know nothing B. know about C. dislike D. like
【答案】B
【解析】根据computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write
3. 情景推断法、代词替代法
I ran quickly to my house to call 119, and then I rang my neighbor’s doorbell, knocked at the door, but there was no response. I got into the house through the window and found my neighbor sleeping in his bedroom .I woke him up and we rushed out of the house together.
The underlined word “response” can be replaced (代替) by ______.
A. result B. answer C. question D. key
【答案】B
【解析】knocked at the door, but there was no response. 我去敲门但没有人应答
4.构词法
Zhang Lili, a young teacher from Heilongjiang, has been given the honor “the most beautiful teacher”. She risked her life to save 2 students from a highspeed bus in May, 2012. She was badly injured in the accident. Her good deed(事迹)and brave acts have won great admiration from across the country. Many people have sent best wishes to her and donated(捐献) a lot of money for her treatment.
55. What’s the meaning of the word “admiration” in the passage?
A. 敬佩 B. 同情 C. 讨厌 D. 感激
【答案】A
【解析】admire+tion
随堂练习
一
During the last winter holiday, I went to China with my parents. The five-day trip left me with a deep impression.
As the capital of China, Beijing is a very beautiful city with fresh air and clean streets which make the travelers feel very pleased. To my surprise, many people there were learning English. Later I was told that they did so because Beijing would hold the 29th Olympic Games and they wanted most foreigners to understand them. They strictly kept the traffic rules. When there was a red light, no one was seen crossing the street.
Of all the places I visited, I liked the Summer Palace best. To our surprise, although it was winter when we were there, we still saw green trees and many fresh flowers. The whole park was very beautiful. We visited a very modern football field. We were told the buildings where the Olympic Games would be held were even better than that. I also enjoyed skiing in Xiangshan. Skiing is an interesting and exciting sport liked by many people.
In my eyes, China is a nice place and Chinese people are very kind. In Beijing Station, there were so many people, and most of them were going home to spend the Spring Festival—the most important Chinese festival, with their families. Passengers helped each other carry luggage（行李）, and they were very kind to foreigners. We were given a card by the hotel we stayed at, on which was the address of the hotel. With the card we never got lost in the city.
The five days passed quickly, but the trip left me a lot of sweet memories.
根据短文内容选择正确答案。
36. From the passage, we know the Summer Palace ______.
A. has flowers only in summer
B. is worth visiting all the year round
C. is a place where people visit only in summer
D. is a place where many people ski in winter
37. The writer enjoyed ______ in Xiangshan.
A. skating B. swimming C. skiing D. board-skating
38. The five-day trip of Beijing was ______.
A. during New Year’s Day B. after the Spring Festival
C. on the Mid-Autumn Day D. before the Spring Festival
39. The foreigners were given a card each by the hotel ______.
A. so that they could easily find their hotel
B. in order to go shopping
C. so they could get something freely from the hotel
D. as the New Year’s gift
40. In the writer’s eyes, Chinese people ______.
A. are kind B. are helpful
C. strictly kept the traffic rules D. all of the above
二
Learning about the environment is very important. There are many good books that will help you learn. To get started, ask your teacher or a librarian for some suggestions. You can also look at some good websites with information about the environment and climate change. Climate change may be a big problem, but there are many little things we can do to make a difference.
Driving a car or using electricity is not wrong. We just have to be smart about it. Some people use less energy by carpooling. For example, four people can ride together in one car instead of driving four cars to work. Whenever we use electricity, we put greenhouse gases(气体) into the air. By turning off lights, the television and the computer when they aren’t needed, you can help a lot.
Don’t buy products that use too much energy. Some products, like certain cars, are made specially to save energy. These don’t pollute as much, either. Products like computers, TVs, and VCRs with the ENERGY STAR label(标签) R are made to save energy. Buying products with these labels will help protect the environment.
Buy recyclable products instead of(代替) non-recyclable ones. Recyclable products are usually made out of things that have already been used. It usually takes less energy to make recyclable products than to make new ones. So when you go shopping, look for the recycle mark on the package — three arrows that make a circle. The less energy we use, the better.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
41. The passage is mainly written for .
A. car producers B. school students
C. parents D. housewives
42. The underlined word “carpooling” in paragraph 2 most probably means .
A. sharing a car B. pulling a car
C. selling a car D. improving a car
43. From the passage, we can learn that .
A. turning off the electricity when it isn’t needed can save a lot of energy
B. electricity will cause great trouble to our environment
C. cars using less energy will not put greenhouse gases into the air
D. recyclable products are marked with the ENERGY STAR label R
44. Which of the following can be the writer’s opinion?
A. No pains, no gains.
B. Rome was not built in one day.
C. Little things can make a big difference.
D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
45. Which one is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Driving a car is not wrong.
B. Don’t buy products that use too much energy.
C. We should buy non-recyclable products.
D. The less energy we use, the better.
三
The world uses about a thousand million (百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.
Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.
While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.
Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.
36. How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?
A. Under 10 million. B. Only 19 million.
C. About 92 million. D. Over 700 million.
37. Treating wastewater helps the environment by _____.
A. storing waste in ice and snow B. letting waste run into oceans
C. keeping waste out of rivers and oceans D. sending waste to coastal countries
38. What does the underlined word "desalination" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. 远洋运输 B. 潮汐发电 C. 食盐销售 D. 海水淡化
39. At present, the technology to process water_____.
A. needs much energy B. saves much money
C. satisfies everyone D. causes pollution
40. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Water should be a human right. B. The water problem is still serious.
C. Our planet is covered with water. D. Everyone has enough clean water.
四
Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind power is new, but that’s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity.
Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First of all, it’s clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use wind power forever. After all, we will always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.
A lot of people don’t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. They used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.
However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly. This is a problem for people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.
Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.
41. Why DON’T new windmills kill birds? Because .
A. birds don’t fly near them B. they spin slowly
C. they are shorter than old windmills D. new windmills don’t spin
42. When did people start using wind power?
A. About 25 years ago. B. About 80 years ago.
C. About 500 years ago. D. Over 1,000 years ago.
43. , so we CAN’T use wind power all the time.
A. Windmills break all the time B. We can’t use windmills at night
C. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time D. Wind doesn’t blow all the time
44. What does the article say about wind power?
A. Most people don’t like it. B. It’s getting cheaper.
C. Denmark doesn’t use it. D. It’s getting more expensive.
45. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Expensive Windmills B. Cheap and Clean Energy
C. Popular and Clean Wind Power D. Dangerous Birds
五
The Eiffel Tower is one of the most wonderful buildings in the world. It was built for the Centennial Exposition of 1889 to celebrate the hundredth anniversary（周年纪念）of the French Revolution. It was used to give an example of the progress and achievement of the 19th century science and technology.
The Tower was 300 meters high. When it opened in March 1889, the Tower was the tallest building in the world, and it remained so until May 1930 when the 319-meter Chrysler Building opened in New York City. (A year later, the 381-meter Empire State Building took the record and held it for 41 years. After that, CN Tower, the Canadian National Tower, built in 1976 in Toronto, measuring 553 metres, broke the record.)
Building such a tower was not easy. As Eiffel himself said, “What I had to worry about was wind resistance (阻力).” And he thought that his idea of building would give the tower a great impression of strength and beauty.”
History has proved that Eiffel’s opinion is right, and most people now consider the Tower to be an almost perfect building, but this opinion was not always supported. Even before the Tower was completed, a letter signed by 300 important artists (one for each meter of height) was sent to the city government talking about the “useless and ugly Eiffel Tower.’’ However, today the Eiffel Tower is thought of as a symbol of Paris and now appears on France’s 200-franc note.
56. The Eiffel Tower gave an example of the progress of_______.
A. art B. tall buildings
C. the French Revolution D. science and technology
57. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.
A. building B. world C. city D. record
58. In the 1960s, the tallest building in the world is_______.
A. the Eiffel Tower B. the Chrysler Building
C. the Empire State Building D. the Canadian National Tower
59. Before building the Tower, Eiffel was worrying about the resistance from_______.
A. wind B. rain C. government D. artists
60. Though the Eiffel Tower was wonderful, many artists_______.
A. were asked to rebuild it B. had a bad opinion of it
C. were sent to improve it D. thought it worth only 200 francs
六
In most situations, light helps us see. But nowadays humans are using too much of it. In fact, it's a kind of pollution.
When it comes to looking at the night sky, too much light makes it difficult for us to watch some of life's most wonderful views: stars, planets and even galaxies(星系).
According to scientific research, about 2,500 stars can be seen by the human's eyes without using any special equipment. But because of light pollution, you can only see 200 to 300 stars from today's countryside, and no more than ten stars from a city. In most big cities, people cannot see the sky filled with stars like they did in their childhood.
Light pollution affects more than just our view of sky. Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife, too.
When birds fly to another place over cities, they sometimes get lost by the brightness and fly in circles until they drop from tiredness. Sea turtles（海龟）need dark beaches for laying eggs, but they can't find their ideal places because of those bright lights.
Too much light at night may even affect human's health, but scientists are not sure of that. They are still learning more.
In order to prevent things from going worse, governments and some organizations are working to reduce light pollution. Many cities and towns have taken actions to reduce the use of lights at night.
Lights are used only when and where they are truly needed. They also shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky and use lower brightness levels.
Hopefully, in the near future, humans can enjoy the clear and beautiful sky again and all the wildlife will live a peaceful and undisturbed life, too.
61. Why does the writer think that too much light is a kind of pollution?
A. Stars are becoming fewer and fewer.
B. Human's health has been affected.
C. Sea turtles have to lay eggs in dark beaches.
D. Some of the wildlife can be harmed.
62. What have the bright lights caused?
A. Human's eyes are greatly hurt.
B. Birds get lost by the brightness.
C. Some of sea turtles die of tiredness.
D. We can only see about 200 stars in the city.
63. What does the underlined word "that"refer to?
A. Strong light is a waste of energy.
B. Animals can't find proper places to live.
C. Too much light is bad for human's health.
D. Wonderful views of sky have been changed.
64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. There are about 2,500 stars in the sky.
B. Now humans refuse to use lower-bright lights.
C. Something has been done to reduce light pollution.
D. Lights are shone up into the sky to reduce the brightness.
65. How does the writer feel about the governments' actions?
A. Pleased. B. Awful. C. Disappointed. D. Strange.
七
Beibei is a 6-year-old girl from Beijing. She is a single child in a rich family. During a family trip to Shanghai，she made her parents feel ashamed（难为情的）. When taking the crowded subway，Beibei said to her mom，“Ask someone to offer me a seat. ”Her mom told her to sit on their bags，but she was angry and didn’t talk anymore.
Why did the girl behave like that? According to Zhang Yiyun，a Chinese EQ education expert（专家）from Taiwan，many single children are self-centred. They don’t have the skill to solve trouble. Self-centeredness is one of the problems caused by a low EQ.
EQ is the ability to know our own feelings and those of others，and also manage our emotions（情感）and relationships. Most people know that IQ is important，but EQ is probably more important in daily life. When facing an exam，EQ helps us to manage stress（压力）. When getting along with friends or parents，EQ helps us to communicate well.
EQ is shaped partly by genetics（遗传学）. “You can see some babies are quiet，while others have bad tempers，”Zhang Yiyun told Xinhua News Agency. EQ is also something you can learn for yourself. You can learn what different feelings might mean and how they relate to yourself and others.
If we learn in the right way，our EQ can get better as we get older. Children with a high EQ usually have greater success with making friends. They are also better able to manage conflicts（矛盾）with others. A high EQ is a combination（结合）of a few different skills，so we’d better learn these skills.
36. Why did Beibei get angry on the subway?
A. Because the subway was too crowded.
B. Because her mother didn’t get a seat for her.
C. Because sitting on the bags made her feel ashamed.
D. Because she didn't like the family trip.
37. People with a low EQ may .
A. get on well with others B. pay more attention to others' feelings
C. seldom get angry in their daily life D. care more about themselves
38. According to the fourth and fifth paragraphs，we know that .
A. people with a high EQ often get high marks in exams
B. genetics decides a person’s EQ
C. people can improve their EQ by learning
D. people with a high EQ often fight with each other
39. From the passage，we know that a high EQ can help us in many ways EXCEPT .
A. being self-centered B. managing stress
C. communicating well with others D. making more friends
40. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. The Problem of Single Children B. The Importance of EQ
C. How to Improve Our EQ D. How to Communicate with Parents
八
More artificial intelligence- related and coding courses（人工智能AI相关课程和编程课程）are expected（期待）to be set up in China's primary and middle schools. The news comes from the State Council（国务院）and it attracts big attention of parents because their children will learn a lot about AI technology.
AI technology is considered as the key to future reform in the following years. AI technology’s rapid development is changing the society（社会）rapidly. So the government put AI technology into the primary and secondary schools. The students should be cultivated from the beginning，and then they would know how to use it. What’s more，now more and more students take an interest in AI technology.
China should catch the opportunity and join the development of Al popular science. And China should encourage more basic courses to develop Al initiation（人工智能启蒙）. The State Council pointed out the idea in the news.
China’s educational organizations should provide more Al-related courses. And China’s educational organizations will develop interests for the youth and encourage them to walk into AI education. AI technology will be good for the students’ development.
The primary and secondary schools are very important for the educational reform. Besides，our future is in the hand of the youth. At the same time，our country will train and cultivate more professionals.
41. Where does the news that artificial intelligence-related courses will be set up come from?
A. The State Council.
B. China’s educational organizations.
C. Artificial Intelligence Development Plan.
D. China's primary and secondary schools.
42. Why does the news attract big attention of parents?
A. Because a lot of their children' s time will be wasted.
B. Because their children will have chances to be scientists.
C. Because their children will design robots in the future.
D. Because their children will learn much about Al technology.
43. What does the underlined word“cultivated”in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A. 使用 B. 放弃 C. 培训 D. 观看
44. China should catch the chance to according to the passage.
A. gain rapid development B. develop Al popular science
C. get more international support D. show its friendly opinions and feelings
45. The passage is mainly about .
A. AI technology courses in the primary and secondary schools
B. the rapid education development and big reform in China
C. the importance of Chinese children’s future
D. the importance of the primary and middle schools
九
Scientists are trying to find new clean energies, so that they do not pollute the environment. Solar power(太阳能)is one of them.
Solar power is a kind of electricity.It takes energy from the sun by using solar panels(太阳能金属板).People usually put the solar panels on the roofs of the houses and buildings.It is the family solar power system. Some countries are even beginning to build solar power factories by setting thousands of solar panels in some place, because there is enough sunshine. Solar power panels have many advantages. The power is easy to get and will never be used up. Whenever it is sunny, there is power. The power is clean and renewable. It helps to reduce waste and pollution.It is also great for the environment. In some places,because they are too far away to send electricity or not easy to build electric power factories, solar power is especially necessary.
More and more countries,such as China, the USA,Japan and India, encourage scientists to develop technology to put solar power into use. However, the power is not as widely used as expected（预期的）.
One of the difficulties is that a solar power system needs sunshine. Some countries having lots of rain, like the UK, are not suitable to develop such power systems. Secondly,a solar power factory requires a very large place to set enough solar panels to collect sunlight and change it into electricity. Maybe an area in the desert would be one of the perfect places for such a factory to build. What’s more, solar panels are expensive at present though the energy itself doesn’t cost anything.
Today scientists are working hard to develop cheaper solar power systems. Maybe one day solar power will be one of the most important clean energies in our life.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
36. Solar power is a kind of energy taken from .
A. the air B. the sun C. the water D. the ground
37. Where is this passage probably from?
A. A poster B. A magazine C. A letter D. A cookbook
38. What is the fourth paragraph of the passage mainly about?
A. The ways to use solar power
B. The advantages of solar power
C. The places to build the solar power plants
D. The difficulties of putting solar power into use widely
39. Which of the following sentences is NOT right?
A. Solar power is a kind of electricity
B. The solar power is suitable for every country
C. Solar panels are expensive at present
D. Scientists are working hard to develop the solar power systems
40. What can we learn from the passage?
A.Solar energy itself is expensive
B. Solar power will be used up very soon
C. Solar power is a kind of clean and useful energy
D. Solar power is much better than the other energies
阅读理解--细节理解题、词义猜测题
细节理解题
1.题型特点
这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,即针对(w)h-问题,如用when,where,why,how,who,which,what等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节的理解能力。
2.细节理解题主要的设问方式
①Which of the following is true/not true?
②Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage?
③Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?
④Which of the following best describes...?
⑤Which of the following shows/gives the right relationship /position of...?
⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?
3.细节理解题的解题技巧
所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。
(1)搜寻直接答案的阅读技巧
先阅读所给的问题,判断其是否适合采用直接搜寻的阅读方法。如果所提问题是文章中出现的内容(即直接性答案),就可直接搜寻答案。
(2)搜寻间接答案的阅读技巧
①阅读文章所给的问题,判断哪些题目可以依靠通读来解决。比如概括文章主题,给无标题文章选标题,指出作者的观点、意图等的题目就需要依靠通读来解决。
②用较短的时间大体上浏览一下阅读材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么内容,属于什么体裁,以及文章安排的大体轮廓等。
③从头到尾阅读一遍。一般来说,第一段或前几句包含作者的基本思想和下文的发展线索,它是全文展开的基础,为下文发展搭建了理论框架。认真阅读第一段或文章的前几句,尽量抓住其中的主要情节和论点,把握全文发展的脉络。
④有些细节题容易出错主要有几种情况:
a.干扰项多。类似的内容多而杂,需要从中找出准确答案。例如:短文同时出现多个朋友,过去现在的十几种爱好,细节题考某人过去的爱好,需要在多而杂的内容中,带上问题,逐一去寻找,比对,找到正确选项。
b.迷惑性强。例:文中出现总金牌数,问题问的是奥运金牌数,粗心的考生易错选总金牌数。这类题要看清关键信息。
词义猜测题
题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢?利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese?
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...?
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)表示因果关系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例 Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
解析 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一领域。
(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人,使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例 He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
解析 根据“not at all as handsome...”我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4)通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些生词,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例 But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.
解析 从drought所在的句子我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought的意思是“久旱,旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。
(6)通过举例来猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例 Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
解析 pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大概的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
(7)通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的描写。
例 The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
解析 从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,即企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
(8)根据上下文猜测词义
①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。
例 One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means .
A.terrible B.bad C.good D .real
解析 根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟,你还是能发现它积极的一面。”因此答案是C。
②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。
例 If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him.
The underlined phrase“all wet”means .
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
解析 根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起”可知,他如果认为能约我出去,那就“错了”。因此D是正确答案。
(9)根据生活常识猜测词义
有时,我们利用自己的生活常识,便可知道生词的含义。
例 A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
解析 从句子意思可知他想买钉子,那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。
(10)利用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语,与汉语的发音有些相似,另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译,如:sofa(沙发),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(台风),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龙)等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。
例 The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC.
One day it was revealed that Mrs Morel had cancer and was beyond any help except that of morphine.
解析 上面这两个句子中画线的两个词,只要我们能准确发音,就能知道它们的意思分别是“奥林匹克”和“吗啡”。
一、释义题解题方法
1.反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。
As always, the people are the most interesting part. A Bite of China 2 shows a greater dream—through homemade food, it tells the joys and sorrows of common Chinese in changing times, according to director Chen Xiaoqing of the documentary series.
. What does the underlined word “sorrows” mean in Chinese?
A. 故事 B. 伤害 C. 快乐 D. 悲伤
【答案】D
【解析】joys and sorrows 快乐和悲伤
2.释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语、逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
We are already familiar with computers—computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?
. “To be familiar with” means to _______.
A. know nothing B. know about C. dislike D. like
【答案】B
【解析】根据computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write
3. 情景推断法、代词替代法
I ran quickly to my house to call 119, and then I rang my neighbor’s doorbell, knocked at the door, but there was no response. I got into the house through the window and found my neighbor sleeping in his bedroom .I woke him up and we rushed out of the house together.
The underlined word “response” can be replaced (代替) by ______.
A. result B. answer C. question D. key
【答案】B
【解析】knocked at the door, but there was no response. 我去敲门但没有人应答
4.构词法
Zhang Lili, a young teacher from Heilongjiang, has been given the honor “the most beautiful teacher”. She risked her life to save 2 students from a highspeed bus in May, 2012. She was badly injured in the accident. Her good deed(事迹)and brave acts have won great admiration from across the country. Many people have sent best wishes to her and donated(捐献) a lot of money for her treatment.
55. What’s the meaning of the word “admiration” in the passage?
A. 敬佩 B. 同情 C. 讨厌 D. 感激
【答案】A
【解析】admire+tion
随堂练习
一
During the last winter holiday, I went to China with my parents. The five-day trip left me with a deep impression.
As the capital of China, Beijing is a very beautiful city with fresh air and clean streets which make the travelers feel very pleased. To my surprise, many people there were learning English. Later I was told that they did so because Beijing would hold the 29th Olympic Games and they wanted most foreigners to understand them. They strictly kept the traffic rules. When there was a red light, no one was seen crossing the street.
Of all the places I visited, I liked the Summer Palace best. To our surprise, although it was winter when we were there, we still saw green trees and many fresh flowers. The whole park was very beautiful. We visited a very modern football field. We were told the buildings where the Olympic Games would be held were even better than that. I also enjoyed skiing in Xiangshan. Skiing is an interesting and exciting sport liked by many people.
In my eyes, China is a nice place and Chinese people are very kind. In Beijing Station, there were so many people, and most of them were going home to spend the Spring Festival—the most important Chinese festival, with their families. Passengers helped each other carry luggage（行李）, and they were very kind to foreigners. We were given a card by the hotel we stayed at, on which was the address of the hotel. With the card we never got lost in the city.
The five days passed quickly, but the trip left me a lot of sweet memories.
根据短文内容选择正确答案。
36. From the passage, we know the Summer Palace ______.
A. has flowers only in summer
B. is worth visiting all the year round
C. is a place where people visit only in summer
D. is a place where many people ski in winter
37. The writer enjoyed ______ in Xiangshan.
A. skating B. swimming C. skiing D. board-skating
38. The five-day trip of Beijing was ______.
A. during New Year’s Day B. after the Spring Festival
C. on the Mid-Autumn Day D. before the Spring Festival
39. The foreigners were given a card each by the hotel ______.
A. so that they could easily find their hotel
B. in order to go shopping
C. so they could get something freely from the hotel
D. as the New Year’s gift
40. In the writer’s eyes, Chinese people ______.
A. are kind B. are helpful
C. strictly kept the traffic rules D. all of the above
二
Learning about the environment is very important. There are many good books that will help you learn. To get started, ask your teacher or a librarian for some suggestions. You can also look at some good websites with information about the environment and climate change. Climate change may be a big problem, but there are many little things we can do to make a difference.
Driving a car or using electricity is not wrong. We just have to be smart about it. Some people use less energy by carpooling. For example, four people can ride together in one car instead of driving four cars to work. Whenever we use electricity, we put greenhouse gases(气体) into the air. By turning off lights, the television and the computer when they aren’t needed, you can help a lot.
Don’t buy products that use too much energy. Some products, like certain cars, are made specially to save energy. These don’t pollute as much, either. Products like computers, TVs, and VCRs with the ENERGY STAR label(标签) R are made to save energy. Buying products with these labels will help protect the environment.
Buy recyclable products instead of(代替) non-recyclable ones. Recyclable products are usually made out of things that have already been used. It usually takes less energy to make recyclable products than to make new ones. So when you go shopping, look for the recycle mark on the package — three arrows that make a circle. The less energy we use, the better.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
41. The passage is mainly written for .
A. car producers B. school students
C. parents D. housewives
42. The underlined word “carpooling” in paragraph 2 most probably means .
A. sharing a car B. pulling a car
C. selling a car D. improving a car
43. From the passage, we can learn that .
A. turning off the electricity when it isn’t needed can save a lot of energy
B. electricity will cause great trouble to our environment
C. cars using less energy will not put greenhouse gases into the air
D. recyclable products are marked with the ENERGY STAR label R
44. Which of the following can be the writer’s opinion?
A. No pains, no gains.
B. Rome was not built in one day.
C. Little things can make a big difference.
D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
45. Which one is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Driving a car is not wrong.
B. Don’t buy products that use too much energy.
C. We should buy non-recyclable products.
D. The less energy we use, the better.
三
The world uses about a thousand million (百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.
Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.
While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.
Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.
36. How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?
A. Under 10 million. B. Only 19 million.
C. About 92 million. D. Over 700 million.
37. Treating wastewater helps the environment by _____.
A. storing waste in ice and snow B. letting waste run into oceans
C. keeping waste out of rivers and oceans D. sending waste to coastal countries
38. What does the underlined word "desalination" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. 远洋运输 B. 潮汐发电 C. 食盐销售 D. 海水淡化
39. At present, the technology to process water_____.
A. needs much energy B. saves much money
C. satisfies everyone D. causes pollution
40. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Water should be a human right. B. The water problem is still serious.
C. Our planet is covered with water. D. Everyone has enough clean water.
四
Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind power is new, but that’s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity.
Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First of all, it’s clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use wind power forever. After all, we will always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.
A lot of people don’t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. They used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.
However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly. This is a problem for people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.
Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.
41. Why DON’T new windmills kill birds? Because .
A. birds don’t fly near them B. they spin slowly
C. they are shorter than old windmills D. new windmills don’t spin
42. When did people start using wind power?
A. About 25 years ago. B. About 80 years ago.
C. About 500 years ago. D. Over 1,000 years ago.
43. , so we CAN’T use wind power all the time.
A. Windmills break all the time B. We can’t use windmills at night
C. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time D. Wind doesn’t blow all the time
44. What does the article say about wind power?
A. Most people don’t like it. B. It’s getting cheaper.
C. Denmark doesn’t use it. D. It’s getting more expensive.
45. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Expensive Windmills B. Cheap and Clean Energy
C. Popular and Clean Wind Power D. Dangerous Birds
五
The Eiffel Tower is one of the most wonderful buildings in the world. It was built for the Centennial Exposition of 1889 to celebrate the hundredth anniversary（周年纪念）of the French Revolution. It was used to give an example of the progress and achievement of the 19th century science and technology.
The Tower was 300 meters high. When it opened in March 1889, the Tower was the tallest building in the world, and it remained so until May 1930 when the 319-meter Chrysler Building opened in New York City. (A year later, the 381-meter Empire State Building took the record and held it for 41 years. After that, CN Tower, the Canadian National Tower, built in 1976 in Toronto, measuring 553 metres, broke the record.)
Building such a tower was not easy. As Eiffel himself said, “What I had to worry about was wind resistance (阻力).” And he thought that his idea of building would give the tower a great impression of strength and beauty.”
History has proved that Eiffel’s opinion is right, and most people now consider the Tower to be an almost perfect building, but this opinion was not always supported. Even before the Tower was completed, a letter signed by 300 important artists (one for each meter of height) was sent to the city government talking about the “useless and ugly Eiffel Tower.’’ However, today the Eiffel Tower is thought of as a symbol of Paris and now appears on France’s 200-franc note.
56. The Eiffel Tower gave an example of the progress of_______.
A. art B. tall buildings
C. the French Revolution D. science and technology
57. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.
A. building B. world C. city D. record
58. In the 1960s, the tallest building in the world is_______.
A. the Eiffel Tower B. the Chrysler Building
C. the Empire State Building D. the Canadian National Tower
59. Before building the Tower, Eiffel was worrying about the resistance from_______.
A. wind B. rain C. government D. artists
60. Though the Eiffel Tower was wonderful, many artists_______.
A. were asked to rebuild it B. had a bad opinion of it
C. were sent to improve it D. thought it worth only 200 francs
六
In most situations, light helps us see. But nowadays humans are using too much of it. In fact, it's a kind of pollution.
When it comes to looking at the night sky, too much light makes it difficult for us to watch some of life's most wonderful views: stars, planets and even galaxies(星系).
According to scientific research, about 2,500 stars can be seen by the human's eyes without using any special equipment. But because of light pollution, you can only see 200 to 300 stars from today's countryside, and no more than ten stars from a city. In most big cities, people cannot see the sky filled with stars like they did in their childhood.
Light pollution affects more than just our view of sky. Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife, too.
When birds fly to another place over cities, they sometimes get lost by the brightness and fly in circles until they drop from tiredness. Sea turtles（海龟）need dark beaches for laying eggs, but they can't find their ideal places because of those bright lights.
Too much light at night may even affect human's health, but scientists are not sure of that. They are still learning more.
In order to prevent things from going worse, governments and some organizations are working to reduce light pollution. Many cities and towns have taken actions to reduce the use of lights at night.
Lights are used only when and where they are truly needed. They also shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky and use lower brightness levels.
Hopefully, in the near future, humans can enjoy the clear and beautiful sky again and all the wildlife will live a peaceful and undisturbed life, too.
61. Why does the writer think that too much light is a kind of pollution?
A. Stars are becoming fewer and fewer.
B. Human's health has been affected.
C. Sea turtles have to lay eggs in dark beaches.
D. Some of the wildlife can be harmed.
62. What have the bright lights caused?
A. Human's eyes are greatly hurt.
B. Birds get lost by the brightness.
C. Some of sea turtles die of tiredness.
D. We can only see about 200 stars in the city.
63. What does the underlined word "that"refer to?
A. Strong light is a waste of energy.
B. Animals can't find proper places to live.
C. Too much light is bad for human's health.
D. Wonderful views of sky have been changed.
64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. There are about 2,500 stars in the sky.
B. Now humans refuse to use lower-bright lights.
C. Something has been done to reduce light pollution.
D. Lights are shone up into the sky to reduce the brightness.
65. How does the writer feel about the governments' actions?
A. Pleased. B. Awful. C. Disappointed. D. Strange.
七
Beibei is a 6-year-old girl from Beijing. She is a single child in a rich family. During a family trip to Shanghai，she made her parents feel ashamed（难为情的）. When taking the crowded subway，Beibei said to her mom，“Ask someone to offer me a seat. ”Her mom told her to sit on their bags，but she was angry and didn’t talk anymore.
Why did the girl behave like that? According to Zhang Yiyun，a Chinese EQ education expert（专家）from Taiwan，many single children are self-centred. They don’t have the skill to solve trouble. Self-centeredness is one of the problems caused by a low EQ.
EQ is the ability to know our own feelings and those of others，and also manage our emotions（情感）and relationships. Most people know that IQ is important，but EQ is probably more important in daily life. When facing an exam，EQ helps us to manage stress（压力）. When getting along with friends or parents，EQ helps us to communicate well.
EQ is shaped partly by genetics（遗传学）. “You can see some babies are quiet，while others have bad tempers，”Zhang Yiyun told Xinhua News Agency. EQ is also something you can learn for yourself. You can learn what different feelings might mean and how they relate to yourself and others.
If we learn in the right way，our EQ can get better as we get older. Children with a high EQ usually have greater success with making friends. They are also better able to manage conflicts（矛盾）with others. A high EQ is a combination（结合）of a few different skills，so we’d better learn these skills.
36. Why did Beibei get angry on the subway?
A. Because the subway was too crowded.
B. Because her mother didn’t get a seat for her.
C. Because sitting on the bags made her feel ashamed.
D. Because she didn't like the family trip.
37. People with a low EQ may .
A. get on well with others B. pay more attention to others' feelings
C. seldom get angry in their daily life D. care more about themselves
38. According to the fourth and fifth paragraphs，we know that .
A. people with a high EQ often get high marks in exams
B. genetics decides a person’s EQ
C. people can improve their EQ by learning
D. people with a high EQ often fight with each other
39. From the passage，we know that a high EQ can help us in many ways EXCEPT .
A. being self-centered B. managing stress
C. communicating well with others D. making more friends
40. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. The Problem of Single Children B. The Importance of EQ
C. How to Improve Our EQ D. How to Communicate with Parents
八
More artificial intelligence- related and coding courses（人工智能AI相关课程和编程课程）are expected（期待）to be set up in China's primary and middle schools. The news comes from the State Council（国务院）and it attracts big attention of parents because their children will learn a lot about AI technology.
AI technology is considered as the key to future reform in the following years. AI technology’s rapid development is changing the society（社会）rapidly. So the government put AI technology into the primary and secondary schools. The students should be cultivated from the beginning，and then they would know how to use it. What’s more，now more and more students take an interest in AI technology.
China should catch the opportunity and join the development of Al popular science. And China should encourage more basic courses to develop Al initiation（人工智能启蒙）. The State Council pointed out the idea in the news.
China’s educational organizations should provide more Al-related courses. And China’s educational organizations will develop interests for the youth and encourage them to walk into AI education. AI technology will be good for the students’ development.
The primary and secondary schools are very important for the educational reform. Besides，our future is in the hand of the youth. At the same time，our country will train and cultivate more professionals.
41. Where does the news that artificial intelligence-related courses will be set up come from?
A. The State Council.
B. China’s educational organizations.
C. Artificial Intelligence Development Plan.
D. China's primary and secondary schools.
42. Why does the news attract big attention of parents?
A. Because a lot of their children' s time will be wasted.
B. Because their children will have chances to be scientists.
C. Because their children will design robots in the future.
D. Because their children will learn much about Al technology.
43. What does the underlined word“cultivated”in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A. 使用 B. 放弃 C. 培训 D. 观看
44. China should catch the chance to according to the passage.
A. gain rapid development B. develop Al popular science
C. get more international support D. show its friendly opinions and feelings
45. The passage is mainly about .
A. AI technology courses in the primary and secondary schools
B. the rapid education development and big reform in China
C. the importance of Chinese children’s future
D. the importance of the primary and middle schools
九
Scientists are trying to find new clean energies, so that they do not pollute the environment. Solar power(太阳能)is one of them.
Solar power is a kind of electricity.It takes energy from the sun by using solar panels(太阳能金属板).People usually put the solar panels on the roofs of the houses and buildings.It is the family solar power system. Some countries are even beginning to build solar power factories by setting thousands of solar panels in some place, because there is enough sunshine. Solar power panels have many advantages. The power is easy to get and will never be used up. Whenever it is sunny, there is power. The power is clean and renewable. It helps to reduce waste and pollution.It is also great for the environment. In some places,because they are too far away to send electricity or not easy to build electric power factories, solar power is especially necessary.
More and more countries,such as China, the USA,Japan and India, encourage scientists to develop technology to put solar power into use. However, the power is not as widely used as expected（预期的）.
One of the difficulties is that a solar power system needs sunshine. Some countries having lots of rain, like the UK, are not suitable to develop such power systems. Secondly,a solar power factory requires a very large place to set enough solar panels to collect sunlight and change it into electricity. Maybe an area in the desert would be one of the perfect places for such a factory to build. What’s more, solar panels are expensive at present though the energy itself doesn’t cost anything.
Today scientists are working hard to develop cheaper solar power systems. Maybe one day solar power will be one of the most important clean energies in our life.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
36. Solar power is a kind of energy taken from .
A. the air B. the sun C. the water D. the ground
37. Where is this passage probably from?
A. A poster B. A magazine C. A letter D. A cookbook
38. What is the fourth paragraph of the passage mainly about?
A. The ways to use solar power
B. The advantages of solar power
C. The places to build the solar power plants
D. The difficulties of putting solar power into use widely
39. Which of the following sentences is NOT right?
A. Solar power is a kind of electricity
B. The solar power is suitable for every country
C. Solar panels are expensive at present
D. Scientists are working hard to develop the solar power systems
40. What can we learn from the passage?
A.Solar energy itself is expensive
B. Solar power will be used up very soon
C. Solar power is a kind of clean and useful energy
D. Solar power is much better than the other energies
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