专题09+阅读理解之细节题和词义猜测题-2023年中考英语考试研究（南京专用）

这是一份专题09+阅读理解之细节题和词义猜测题-2023年中考英语考试研究（南京专用），共36页。

专题09 阅读理解之细节题和词义猜测题-2023年中考英语考试研究（南京专用）

南京市中考英语历年（2019-2022）真题展示
【2019南京中考】
17．
WILL THE WORLD AT 12：01 A M．on Jan.1，2019 be completely different from how it was at 11：59 p．m on Dec 31， 2018？ Not really． But people make a big deal of flipping（ 翻动） over the calendar．For example， you make a New Year resolution， a promise to yourself that you' ll try to be better in the year ahead． Maybe that means being nicer to your family members， or reading news more often． My resolution is to have a pet． My favourite pet is in the puzzle on the right． Try to find it．
THE RULES
1． You may only move across or down．
2． Your path must spell out real words!
（1）Sam Ehren wrote this passage on　　．
A．Jan.1，2019 B．Jan.1，2018 C．Dec.30，2018 D．Dec.31，2018
（2）What does the underlined word"resolution"mean in the passage？　　
A．Promise．B．Entertainment．C．Humour．D．Secret．
（3）From the puzzle，we can find the writer's favourite pet is a　　．
A．mouse B．dog C．cat D．bird

【答案】CAC
【解析】文章讲了作者的新年决定，他决定养一只宠物．
1．C 细节理解题． 根据图片下方文字By Sam Ehren Dec.30，2018．可知是在2018年12月30日，故选C．
2．A词语理解题． 根据 a promise to yourself that you' ll try to be better in the year ahead． Maybe that means being nicer to your family members， or reading news more often向自己承诺，在未来的一年里你会努力做得更好．也许这意味着对你的家人更好，或者更经常阅读新闻．可知这里是讲你做了一个新年决心，与Promise承诺，决心意思一致，故选A．
3．C 细节理解题． 根据My favourite pet is in the puzzle on the right． Try to find it我最喜欢的宠物在右边的拼图里．试着找到它，规则是You may only move across or down．只能上下左右读．可知按着拼图读，第三行横着读可以发现cat猫，故选C．

18. Mike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily． For the topics of our newspaper next month visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10． We interviewed some students and here is what they said．


（1）What did Mike Isaac and the writer visit Sunshine Elementary School for？　　
A．For environment protection．
B．For wildlife protection．
C．For good manners in school．
D．For topics of the newspaper．
（2）What may cause people to be mad at one another in Andrew Vargas's opinion？　　
A．Losing more oxygen．
B．Speaking in a loud voice．
C．Cutting down more trees．
D．Hunting tigers for medicine．
（3）Who talked about health？　　
A．Joslyn Frace．B．Jayden Mitchell．C．Andrew Vargas．D．Joseph Truong．
【答案】DBB
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，主要介绍了5月10日作者和Mike Isaac在阳光小学采访的几个学生的谈话．
（1）D细节理解题，根据原文 For the topics of our newspaper next month visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10为了我们下个月的报纸话题我们5月10日拜访了阳光小学，故选D．
（2）B细节理解题，根据原文Andrew Vargas 提到，When people are loud，it causes them mad at one another，当人们说话很大声的时候，它会引起他们对彼此之间很抓狂．故选B．
（3）B细节理解题，根据原文Jayden Mitchell提到了，Not everyone is healthy，so we should have more exercise．故选B．

19．Q： At recess（课间休息）， I don't know what to do because all my friends are playing games I don' like or don't want to play． So I end up standing by myself at recess doing nothing． What should I do？
Alex rider． 13． Bloomfield． N．J．
A： In fact， recess was my least favorite part
of the school day for Grades I to 5． I was
never really into playing kickball． So， like
you， I spent many days at recess standing alone． Take advantage of the extra time you have．I learned that reading a book is the best way to pass time， especially if it is sunny． Books are good for a lonely recess，because they take you out of your world and into another． If reading isn't your thing， then try making new friends． Some other things I would do at recess were chess and paper cutting． Those might be worth trying． Maybe the teacher who is watching over all the kids needs someone to talk to as well． Whatever you want to do， don't let your time go to waste．Johnny Hayes， 15
A： Do you believe in time travel， Alex？Because you just dragged me 40 years into the past． When I was 13， half my friends threw themselves into kickball at recess﹣ which was too vigorous（剧烈的） for me right after lunch． So， like you， I stood around a lot． Then， one day， my teacher， Susie， asked me．"What do you want to do？ I had no answer for her． But suddenly， it came to me： marbles! I asked a few friends， and they were happy to join me． Now， I'm not suggesting you play marbles， only that you consider what you feel like doing and can make you happy． And one last idea： There's no harm in trying games your fends are playing that you think you won't like． You might just surprise yourself． Philip galanes， adult
（1）Who is asking for advice？　　
A．Alex Rider．B．Johnny Hayes．C．Susie．D．Philip Galanes．
（2）One of Philips suggestions is to　　．
A．read a book B．talk to a teacher
C．do what you feel like doing D．stand without doing anything
【答案】AC
【解析】
（1）A．细节理解题．根据第二封回信中Do you believe in time travel， Alex？你相信时间旅行吗，亚历克斯？．可知，这是给亚历克斯的回信．故选A。
（2）C．细节理解题．根据第二封回信中only that you consider what you feel like doing and can make you happy．只有考虑到你想做什么，才能让你快乐．可知，他的建议之一是做你想要做的事情．故选C。

20．Scene 1
（The setting is a room in the palace of the Queen of Sheba． The Queen sits at one end of the room on a chair． Zahrah stands on one side of the chair． Amram is showing some silks to the Queen．）
Amram： Would your Majesty be good enough to feel this silk？ See how fine and soft it is!
（Amram comes a little closer to the Queen and holds out some purple silk， She feels it．）
Queen： Yes， it is． And I like this bright purple color very much．（She turns to Zahrah） Zahrah，what do you think of it？
Zahrah： I like it very much， and it is a good color for a queen， your Majesty．（ She folds up the silk and puts it to one side．）
Amram： The king of my own country， the wise King Solomon， likes this bright purple better than any other color．
Queen： I have heard many things about your king．
Amram： He is a good king， your Majesty，and a kind man． All his people love him．
Queen： I have also heard that he is very wise． Is it true， Amram， that King Solomon understands what animals say？
Amram： It is true， your Majesty．
Queen（Smiles）： It's very hard to believe．
Amram： If I told you what happened one time when I was with the king， I think you would believe it．
Queen： I'd like to hear your story．
Amram： Well， one day our king and some men of his palace were riding on horseback to a nearby city． The king was riding ahead of the rest of us． All at once he pulled his horse to stop．He looked down at the sand in the road．
Queen：Go on．
Amram： Then the king turned his horse off the road and onto the grass．He kept his horse on the grass a little way before turning back onto the road．
Queen： Did he say why he stopped and then turned his horse off the road？
Amram： King Solomon told us he had seen some ants hurrying along in the sand of the road． He said he had heard them say they were afraid that the horses would walk on them．
Queen（Surprised）： And that was why your mighty king turned off the road？
Amram（Proud）： Yes， your Majesty． The mighty King Solomon stopped to hear what the little ants in the sand were saying． He turned off the road to save them from being hurt．
Queen： Then he must be as wise and as kind as people say he is．
Amram： Now you can believe it， can't you？
Queen： I won't fully believe it until I see and hear him myself， Amram．
Amram：Then why don't you come to our country and pay him a visit， your Majest？
Queen： Yes， I think I shall do that， Amram． But first I must think of a way to test this wise king．You may go now ，Amram．
Amram： Good day， your Majesty． （He backs away）．
（Curtain）
（1）Where does this scene take place？　　
A．On the way to a city． B．In a room of a palace．
C．In the sand of a road． D．On the grass near a road．
（2）Amram told the story of his king to show　　．
A．King Solomon is wise and kind B． King Solomon is afraid of ants
C． King Solomon looks after his horse well D．King Solomon can talk to animals
（3）King Solomon turned his horse off the road because　　．
A．there was sand in the way B．the horse needed to have a rest
C．he wanted to enjoy the beauty there D．he wanted to avoid hurting the ants
（4）Which of the following words is used to help readers know the feeling of the Queen？　　
A．Fine B．Surprised C．Proud D．Afraid
（5）What may happen next according to Scene 1？　　
A．Amram will refuse to leave the Queen's palace．
B．Zahrah will certainly keep the purple silk for herself．
C．King Solomon will test whether Amram's story is true．
D．The Queen will pay a visit to King Solomon's country．
【答案】BADBD
【解析】文章是示巴女王宫殿里的一个房间Queen和Amram的对话．
（1）B．细节理解题．根据The setting is a room in the palace of the Queen of Sheba． 布景是示巴女王宫殿里的一个房间．故选B．
（2）A．细节理解题．根据Then he must be as wise and as kind as people say he is．那么他必须像人们所说的那样聪明善良．故选A．
（3）D．细节理解题．根据He turned off the road to save them from being hurt．他为了保护他们不受伤害而离开了马路．故选D．
（4）B．细节理解题．根据Queen（Surprised）： 可知答案是B．
（5）D．细节推理题．根据Then why don't you come to our country and pay him a visit， your Majest？Queen： Yes， I think I shall do that，那么，陛下，你为什么不来我们国家拜访他呢？女王：是的，我想我会去的．可知女王将访问所罗门国王的国家．故选D．

【2020南京中考】
A
The Walla Walla
Wallaby Foundation


Welcome to the Walla Walla Wallaby Foundation of America, Washington chapter. Here you will find news, photos, and other resources about the wallaby. In addition, our site’s unique (独特的) features for members include profile pages, discussion forums (论坛), and other contents. We are the world's best wallaby support group.
For over 20 years, the Walla Walla Wallaby Foundation has served the Walla Walla community through education and outreach on behalf of the wallaby.
Search
Member Login
Discussion Forums
Member Profiles
Donate
Contact Us
26. The Walla Walla Wallaby Foundation is set up to ________.
A. sell the wallaby’s food B. support the wallaby
C. take photos of the wallaby D. provide news about the wallaby
27. If you want to give money to support WWWF, you can click on the icon “________”.
A. About WWWF B. Donate C. Discussion Forums D. Educational Resources
【答案】26. B 27. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文，主要是介绍瓦拉瓦拉比基金会的网页。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“We are the world's best wallaby support group”可知瓦拉瓦拉比基金会的建立是为了支持沙袋鼠。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。about WWWF关于基金会；donate捐助；discussion forums讨论区；educational resources教育资源。如果想给钱支持基金会，应点击“donate”。故选B。
C

LIFE is AWKWARD. What should you do when your parents are embarrassing (使尴尬) you in front of your friends? Or what if you see what looks like a classmate stealing someone else’s headphones? In our social Q’s column (专栏), the teenager Harper Ediger and the adult Philip Glances give their best advice to kids looking for help navigating real-life situations. Now it’s your turn: Do you have a question about an uncomfortable social situation at school, at home, on social media or among friends? Email it to us at Kjdsqs@njpost. com and Harper and Philip may answer it in a future issue. Please include your age and hometown. C’mon, we know you have one.
To inspire (激励) you, here are reader-submitted questions we’ve published in previous issues:
My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do. I only learn what I’m doing at the last minute. I don’t like that it’s a surprise, and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time. How can I have more of a say?
At my school, fourth graders need to learn different dances, then dress up for a fancy party where we ask partners to dance with us. This makes me nervous, and I’m not looking forward to it. How should I handle this situation?
My sister is home for college break and lucky me, she’s my roommate. As I’m 12 and she’s almost 19, we both want our own space. I know she doesn’t mean it personally, but she always complains that she doesn’t have a home, which makes me feel as if I’m intruding in my own room. Do I tell her how I feel or let it go?
32. What should be included in your email to the social Q’s column?
A. Name, age and social media. B. Age, school and hometown.
C. Age, hometown and questions. D. Name, school and questions.
33. The underlined word “say” in the passage means ________.
A. the ability to plan time B. the chance to set up camps
C. the right to make decisions D. the plan to enjoy activities
34. The writer uses some published reader-submitted questions in order to ________.
A. show kids ways of solving problems B. give kids examples of what to write about
C. share Harper and Philip’s advice with kids D. offer kids a chance to complain about their lives
35. The social Q’s column is designed to ________.
A. help kids deal with their troubles B. train kids to write
C. have kids introduce themselves D. advise kids to behave well
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍社会问题专栏帮助孩子们解决他们的问题，并举读者发布的问题为例子来说明邮件具体要写什么内容。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Do you have a question about an uncomfortable social situation at school, at home, on social media or among friends? Email it to us at Kjdsqs@njpost. com and Harper and Philip may answer it in a future issue. Please include your age and hometown”可知包括问题、年龄和家乡。故选C。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do. I only learn what I’m doing at the last minute. I don’t like that it’s a surprise, and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time”可知父母替他做决定给他报了露营，此处say表示自己做决定的权利，相当于the right to make decisions。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“To inspire you, here are reader-submitted questions we’ve published in previous issues”以及后面是三段，可知作者用一些发布的读者提交的问题是为了给孩子们例子，告诉他们要写什么内容。故选B。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“give their best advice to kids looking for help navigating real-life situations”可知社会问题专栏是设计出来为了帮助孩子们解决他们的问题的。故选A。
D

Me: Hello, Television Viewers! I am Aziza Bellamy, and thanks for watching. I want to especially thank you, Ms. Bertha, for agreeing to this interview on live television. It’s a pleasure to meet you, the first-known trans-galactic visitor to Earth. Now, I understand that you are from a planet called Zadernol?
Bertha: Just call me Miss Bertha or Bertha, please, but not “Ms. ”
Me: Okay, sorry about that. So, you’ve been on Earth for about a week now. What have been your biggest disappointments or challenges so far?
Bertha: It’s not the worst planet I’ve ever been to. Mercury was much worse. The aliens— oops, I mean humans, have been unkind, overall. The family I’m staying with, for example, were nice at first. But now they roll their eyes whenever I open my mouth to say anything. They’re not interested in any of my stories. And I think they may be trying to avoid me. Worst of all, they make me wash my own dishes and bathe myself. They’re so rude.
Me: Oh, um. . . wow. That’s just. . .
Bertha: I am used to having high standards when I choose where to stay, by the way. I have stayed with royalty and presidents on other planets. And they all adored (崇拜) me and begged me not to leave. But I gave this human family a chance to host me. I mean, really, they should be grateful that I selected them, of all the people on Earth, to wash my clothes and cook my meals and entertain (款待) me.
Me: Well, what you’re saying is surprising, Bertha. Do you think it’s possible that this family just wants you to pitch in a little, to be a good guest?
Bertha: It’s odd to me that you’re not agreeing with me. If you were smarter, you’d agree with me. That’s another thing. Everyone on Zadernol is smarter than the smartest person on Earth. Earth is below me.
Me: You know what. Bertha? I’m starting to see why you’re so unhappy here on Earth. You’re just a boastful (自夸的), spoiled alien.
36. Who is hosting the interview?
A. Aziza Bellamy. B. Bertha. C. A trans-galactic visitor. D. A president.
37. Which of the following sentences from the passage is an opinion?
A. Well, what you’re saying is surprising, Bertha.
B. So, you’ve been on Earth for about a week now.
C. I have stayed with royalty and presidents on other planets.
D. But now they roll their eyes whenever I open my mouth to say anything.
【答案】36. A 37. A
【解析】这是一篇访谈，主要是阿齐扎·贝拉米采访外星人伯莎，伯莎描述在地球的生活，自夸的言行让主持人很不满。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Me: Hello, Television Viewers! I am Aziza Bellamy, and thanks for watching”可知主持采访的人是Aziza Bellamy。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“I am used to having high standards when I choose where to stay...to wash my clothes and cook my meals and entertain me”可知，Bertha表达了自己的想法和态度，而“what you’re saying is surprising”是对Bertha说的话的评价。故选A。

【2021南京中考】
A
You must have many hobbies, reading, painting and so on. One day, you happen to see a poster, “World Book Day.” Interested, you stop and read the poster.

Hello and welcome to World Book Day
World Book Day is here to change lives through a love of books and shared reading, and bring books to the children who need them most. World Book Day is an excellent chance for everyone to celebrate the joy of reading.
•Share A Story Live-our exciting digital events programme beaming authors（作家）straight into your school.
• Raising money, raising readers-our fundraising ideas to help us change lives through reading.
• World Book Day Book Club-a new online reading community.
• Share A Story Corner-stories to encourage families to read together.
Happy World Book Day！
For up-to-date information, visit our website worldbookday. com!
26. World Book Day is a special day for people to ________.
A. celebrate the joy of reading B. change lives by raising money
C. meet famous authors at home D. enjoy writing in local communities
27. According to the poster, if you want to read stories with your parents, you can join ________.
A. Share A Story Live B. Share A Story Corner
C. World Book Day Book Club D. Raising money, raising readers
【答案】26. A 27. B
【解析】本文是世界读书日的海报，向我们介绍世界读书日的相关活动。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“World Book Day is an excellent chance for everyone to celebrate the joy of reading.”可知，世界读书日是每个人庆祝阅读乐趣的绝佳机会。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Share A Story Corner-stories to encourage families to read together.”可知，分享故事角——鼓励家庭一起阅读的故事。故选B。
B
Imagine you choose to join WorldBook Day Book Club. Now you are reading a book on art for children.
About art
Art is a vast subject, including all kinds of pictures and sculptures. This book introduces 32 works by some of the world’s most famous artists. This is only a small selection, but it reveals（揭示）huge differences in what artists do.
Why make art?
Artists make art for many reasons. Sometimes, they just want to create something beautiful. But hundreds of years ago-when many people couldn’t read-paintings were often designed to illustrate stories.
Very grand paintings were usually made to order, for wealthy clients who wanted to impress people. More recently, artists have begun to paint to express their own feelings or explore ideas.
About this book
The pictures reproduced in this book were painted over the last 500 years. They are arranged（排列）in order of date, so you can see how ideas about art have changed over time. If you would like to see more art, there is lots on the Internet-just follow the links recommended throughout the book. If you can, visit an art gallery too, so you can experience seeing the “real thing” .
29. Why are the works introduced in the book?
A. To tell readers huge differences in what artists do.
B. To offer readers all kinds of pictures and sculptures.
C. To share every famous artist’s life story with readers.
D. To introduce a number of works from an artist to readers.
30. The works in the book are arranged in order of ________
A. size B. space C. time D. importance
【答案】29. A 30. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一本关于艺术的书。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“This is only a small selection, but it reveals（揭示）huge differences in what artists do.”可知，这只是一小部分，但它揭示了艺术家们所做的巨大差异。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“They are arranged（排列）in order of date”可知，它们是按日期顺序排列的，故选C。
C

To improve your reading, you can try the form of readers’ theatre, a formatted script for readers to read aloud. It’s so interesting!
Cast of Characters: Narrator, Kayla, Ms. Lee, Zack
Narrator: On a sunny day in southern Texas, Ms. Lee’s students gathered in the school playground.
Ms. Lee: Tomorrow is the day of the sidewalk（人行道）chalk-art festival. The principal has allowed us to practise our wet-chalk drawing on the playground sidewalk, which will be our studio. Remember, whenever you want to draw on a sidewalk, always ask an adult in charge for permission before you draw. Now let’s review the steps of wet-chalk drawing. What do we do first?
Narrator: As the students told her the steps in order, Ms. Lee wrote them on a large pad of paper. When she finished writing, she pulled the paper off the pad and displayed the directions so everyone could read them. Then the students chose and soaked （浸湿）their pieces of chalk. Meanwhile, Kayla and Zack planned their drawing.
Kayla: Let’s draw a jungle feast. Parrots can be eating all kinds of fruit.
Zack: I’ll draw a model train carrying food to the birds.
Narrator: The students removed their pieces of chalk from the water and drew. As Zack drew a sweeping curve of train track, his hand knocked over the jar of water. He and Kayla watched water streak across their drawing.
Zack: Our drawing is ruined（毁坏）！
Kayla: Don’t be so worried! Quick, mix the water and the chalk together! Now let’s use more chalk and smear（涂抹）it around.
Narrator: Kayla and Zack worked quickly. The smeared colours looked glorious, like rich, thick frosting on a cake.
Ms. Lee: That looks great! That’s a special method you’re using, kids. Are you two interested in taking part in the chalk-art festival tomorrow? The timetable for the festival says that drawing starts at 9:00 a.m.
Kayla and Zack: Sure!
Kayla: Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.
Zack: Then we’ll know just what to do!
32. What do we know about readers’ theatre?
A. A place for readers to enjoy plays.
B. A reading material for people to read aloud.
C. A series of steps for children to draw on the sidewalk.
D. A number of people gathering together to play games.
33. What does the underlined word “ streak” in the passage mean?
A. Rise rapidly. B. Move quickly. C. Disappear suddenly. D. Swim slowly.
35. What does the underlined sentence “Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.” at the end of the passage mean?
A. Kayla and Zack will ruin their drawing with water for fun.
B. Kayla and Zack will find the steps by accident by themselves.
C. Kayla and Zack will draw as well as their teacher by pouring water.
D. Kayla and Zack will draw pictures using the method they discovered today.
【答案】32. C 33. B 35. D
【解析】本文是为了提高阅读能力而进行的读者剧院，人物包括解说员、凯拉、李女士和扎克。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Ms. Lee’s students gathered in the school playground.”和“Tomorrow is the day of the sidewalk（人行道）chalk-art festival.”可知，明天是人行道粉笔艺术节的日子，学生们可以在人行道上画画。故选C。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。分析“As Zack drew a sweeping curve of train track, his hand knocked over the jar of water. He and Kayla watched water streak across their drawing.”可知，当扎克画了一个火车轨道的曲线时，他的手打翻了水罐，他和凯拉看着水在他们的画上迅速流过。此处streak的意思是“快速移动”，故选B。
【35题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文内容可知，扎克意外将水罐打翻却得到了更好的结果，所以“Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.”的意思是凯拉和扎克会用他们今天发现的方法画画。故选D。

【2022南京中考】
A
It is your first day at a new school. How will you find your way around?






1.You get off the bus at the corner of Clark Street and 10th Street. You are closest to ___________.
A. Science Lab B. Room 4 C. Gym D. Cafeteria
2.The principal tells you to see Miss Mack in Room 4. You leave Office and walk __________.
A. east B. west C. south D. north
3.As you’re buying lunch, you notice that Cafeteria is opposite ___________.
A. Room 3 B. Office C. Room 1 D. Science Lab
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.D
【解析】本题是张新学校的布局图。这所学校在九号大街，十号大街，前街后克拉克大街之间。学校有七个教室。一个餐厅，一个办公室，一个体育馆，一个观众席（Auditorium)和一个科学实验室。在学校中间有无餐桌。
1:根据地图显示，在克拉克大街下车，距离体育馆最近，故选C。
2:根据地图显示，可知四号房间在办公室的东方，故出门向东走，选A。
3:根据地图显示可知自助餐厅在实验室的对面，故选D。
D
“What is success?” Mr Gruber asked his 6th grade business class. It was his opening conversation for the first class of the term.
“Success is riding in a sweet car, watching an 80-inch TV, and living in a place with at least twelve rooms.” One student answered, earning laughs from all the students.
Mr Gruber smiled, but shook his head. “Tom, that is excess(过量). That is not success.”
“How about being able to provide for your family?” A blonde girl named Sandy in the front suggested as an answer.
“Now we’re getting closer,” Mr Gruber smiled, “but try thinking about what you need and what you want.”
“Getting everything you want.” Tom shouted out an answer again, trying for more laughs.
Mr Gruber sighed. “ I believe we’ve already talked about excess versus(与…比较) success.”
“Getting everything you need, but some of what you want?” James, sitting in the back wondered aloud.
“Quite right!” Mr Gruber clapped. “Success is getting everything you need and some of what you want. The more you get that you want, the more successful you are. You do reach a point where you are living in excess, though.”
“What does this have to do with business?” Tom asked. It seemed if it wasn’t funny, he wasn’t happy.
“Well, Tom, think of it this way: the point of business is to make a living to support your family. Once you have properly seen to (确保) their needs, you can then see to getting the extras that you want.”
“What if I don’t have a family?” he continued to be difficult.
“Then you have to provide for yourself, a family of one.”
“He has goldfish to think about!” Peter, Tom’s friend, shouted out.
“Then he needs to provide for a family of one with a fishbowl.” Mr. Gruber corrected himself.
Tom nodded, satisfied with that answer.
“So in the next nine weeks, we’re going to study basic business situations, like having a checking account and understanding credit cards.”
Tom rubbed his hands together excitedly. “When do we get to start spending?”
“You already are, Tom. You’re spending time with us!” Mr. Gruber laughed. “Now, let’s see what you guys know about credit cards…”
1.What class did Mr Gruber teach?
A. History B. Science C. Maths D. Business
2.Which student didn’t seem to be taking the class seriously?
A. Tom B. James C. Peter D. Sandy
3.How did Mr Gruber make his class lively and interesting?
A. He himself kept talking’
B. He just read from a textbook.
C. He showed a movie to his students.
D. He got his students to take part in a discussion.
【答案】DAD
【解析】这篇短文主要记述了格鲁伯老师给六年级学生上的第一堂商业课，他用一个"What is success"的话题让他的学生们参加了一个讨论．主要讨论了"need和want之间的关系"，这引起了所有同学们的积极参与，气氛活跃，让对这门课不感兴趣的汤姆都产生了极大的兴趣．
（1） D 细节理解题．根据Mr Gruber asked his 6th grade business class.描述，可知他教授商业课程，故选D．
（2） A 细节理解题．根据第六段"Getting everything you want." Tom shouted out an answer again，trying for more laughs."得到你想要的一切．"汤姆再次大声回答，试图得到更多的笑声．可知，汤姆似乎没有认真对待这门课．故选A．
（3）D 总结概括题．根据第一句What is success？，' Mr.Gruber asked his 6th grade business class.It was his opening conversation for the first class of the term."成功是什么？"Gruber先生问他六年级商务班，这是他学期第一节课的开场白．可知，Gruber老师在课堂上提出了一个同学们都感兴趣的话题，引起了学生们的争相发言，使得课堂变得生动起来．因此他让学生们参加讨论使得课堂变得生动起来．故选D．
E
Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device(装置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user’s position(位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.
GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street.
There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.
Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.
1. According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people __________.
A.can’t be lost in a new city
B.can’t find their way in different countries
C.can learn about the culture of an unknown place
D.can spend the least time getting to another place
2. We can learn from the passage that ____________.
A. there are three parts to the GPS
B. a GPS can’t be put into a watch
C. a GPS can help you start your car
D. the GPS are becoming more and more expensive
3. The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means “____________”.
A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations
【答案】AAD
【解析】这篇短文主要介绍GPS。它有三部分构成，第一部分是 receiver，第二部分是a group of satellites orbiting the Earth，第三部分是a network of ground stations。在未来GPS就会像手机一样被普及，人们就不会在新的地方迷路了。
【小题1】细节理解题。从短文中最后第一段这句话“Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.”可知在GPS的帮助下，人们就不会迷路了，故选A。
【小题2】细节理解题。从短文中第三段这句话“There are three parts to the Global Positioning System.”可知GPS有三部分构成，故选A。
【小题3】词语推断题。句意：第三部分是一个地面站网络。他们在世界各地都有。根据语境分析可知they代替的是地面站网络，故选D。

南京市历年考情解读
知识点名称
考察题型
具体的考察情况
细节题
阅读理解
题量占比大，基本上每篇文章都会出现细节题，需要考生定位好原文信息进行比对看看正确答案是原句复现还是同义句替换表达。
词义猜测题
阅读理解
题量占比总共1-2题，要考生猜测不认识的单词含义或者猜测认识的单词不熟悉的含义，或者是猜测划线的代词it/they/them指代的内容是什么。

考点分析
一、阅读理解之细节题
细节题解题技巧
1. 阅读问题。
2. 在文中找出对应的答案句，即定位。
3. （1）关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
（2）同义定位法。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯
易错点：
1.没有注意原文与试题之间的相互转换
2.没有掌握中心或者主旨，不知道到何处找到自己所需要的事实

二、阅读理解之词义猜测题
如何根据上下文猜测词义？
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。
任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：
【例题精讲】
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”….Now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________.
A. makes everyone know a secret
B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag
D. sells the cat in the bag
【解析】选A。在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。

There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?_________
A. 自来水B. 大气C. 冰川D. 蒸汽
【解析】选D。从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。故答案是D。

模拟预测（2022年南京市一模二模）
【南京师范大学附属中学集团2022年中考英语二模试卷】
A

26. The information above is mainly about ________.
A. sports B. photos C. videos D. museums
27. Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, held the YOG in ________.
A. 2012 B. 2014 C. 2016 D. 2018
28. Where can you see the information?
A. In the introduction of a book. B. On a world map.
C. On a website about the Olympics. D. On the fashion news.
【答案】26. A 27. B 28. C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要罗列了奥林匹克的时间和地点。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Olympic games”可知，本文主要信息是关于体育运动的。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“NANJING 2014”可知，YOG于2014年在南京举行。故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“LATEST IOC UPDATES ON TWITTER”最新的奥林匹克信息会在推特上更新，可知我们可以在网站上看到关于奥林匹克的信息。故选C。
B
Whether you’re thinking about starting a reading group or you are a longtime book club leader, there are many ways to help make a discussion successful. Here are some suggestions:
Do some preparation work
It always helps when discussion leaders do a bit of research before the meeting. First, it’s necessary that you read the book! Pay attention to things you can bring up during the discussion. Using an index card (索引卡) as a bookmark makes it easy to write down notes and questions while you read.
After you have finished, do a little research. Find and read a couple of reviews and interviews with the author. Write down discussion questions or see if you can find ready-made questions online. If the book is about a real person, event, or place, you might want to check the web for some overview material you can bring to the discussion.
Tips for leading the discussion
Ask open-ended questions. These are questions that usually begin with “why” or “how”. For example, instead of asking, “Did you like the book’s ending?” ask, “What did you think of the book’s ending?”
Don’t be afraid to encourage group members to elaborate on (详尽阐述) their comments. If someone says they hated the book or loved a particular character, ask why.
Listen carefully. Of course, this goes for both leaders and participants, but if you’re a leader it’s especially important so that you can ask proper follow-up questions. Instead of jumping to the next question on your list, ask a question that links to the previous answer or helps build a good conversation.
Keep the discussion moving. If the talk starts to go off on a tangent (突然离题), focus it back to the book. If one person monopolize (垄断) the conversation, it’s OK to break in, acknowledge their point and ask what other group members think.
Prepare questions. Aim to have about 15 questions ready, but be flexible. If the group is engaged and talking about the book, you’ve done your job. You don’t have to get to every question.
29. What does a discussion leader do before the meeting?
A. Interview the author. B. Break in the discussion.
C. Take notes while reading. D. Write some book reviews.
30. How many tips does the writer give to lead the discussion?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
【答案】29. C 30. D
【解析】本文就如何使得讨论成功给出了一些建议。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Using an index card as a bookmark makes it easy to write down notes and questions while you read.”可知讨论组长在会议前阅读的时候要记笔记。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Tips for leading the discussion”部分“Ask open-ended questions. ... Don’t be afraid to encourage group members to elaborate on their comments. ... Listen carefully. ... Keep the discussion moving. ... Prepare questions.”可知给出了5条引导讨论的建议。故选D。
C

Narrator: There once was a beautiful princess whose favorite amusement was a golden ball. One day the princess tossed the ball too high, and it landed in the well. As the princess cried over the lost treasure, she heard someone ask a question.
Frog: Why are you so sad, beautiful princess?
Narrator: The princess looked around and saw only a frog.
Princess: My favorite golden ball fell into the well.
Frog: I can retrieve it for you, but first, you must agree to one condition. You must promise to take me home and be my friend.
Narrator: The princess didn’t want to be friends with a frog, but she promised anyway. When the frog brought her the ball, the princess snatched it from him and hurried home!
Frog: What a selfish princess! I’m certain that she has forgotten her promise. I’ll just hop over to the castle to remind her.
Narrator: The frog hop-hop-hopped through the grass and knocked on the heavy door of the castle.
Princess: What are you doing here, you bumbling frog?
Frog: Dear princess, I am here to remind you of the promise you made.
Narrator: The princess slammed the door in the frog’s face with a big BANG.
King: I heard a door slam. What’s happening? If you made a promise, you must honor it.
Narrator: The princess was angry but obeyed her father. So, the king, the princess, and the frog enjoyed dinner together. It was mutton stew, the cook’s specialty.
Frog: I was hungry, but now I’m full. Thank you for dinner. Kindly show me to my bed now.
Narrator: The princess did as she was asked, but the frog looked sad!
Frog: You have welcomed me into your home, but I can tell that you don’t want to be my friend.
Narrator: The princess’s face went red, for what the frog said was true. She bent down to kiss the frog, but ended up kissing a prince.
Frog: I am a prince who was turned into a frog, and your kiss turned me back. Thank you, dear friend!
Narrator: The prince and princess were friends from that day on and lived happily ever after.
33. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “retrieve”?
A. bring back B. take away C. break down D. put away
34. What is the right order of what the princess did in the story?
①She went back to the castle.
②She bent down to kiss the frog.
③She got help from the frog and made a promise.
④She obeyed her father and ate the meal with the guest.
A. ②④③① B. ③④①② C. ③①④② D. ④③②①
【答案】 33. A 34. C
【解析】本文是戏剧《青蛙王子》的节选，叙述公主与青蛙王子的相遇。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文“My favorite golden ball fell into the well.”我最喜欢的金球掉进了井里，可知此处指“拿回金球”，划线部分单词与“bring back”意思相近。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。本文按故事发展情节顺序叙述；根据“Narrator: The princess didn’t want to be friends with a frog, but she promised anyway. When the frog brought her the ball, the princess snatched it from him and hurried home!”她得到了青蛙的帮助，做出了一个承诺，然后回家了；根据“Narrator: The princess was angry but obeyed her father. So, the king, the princess, and the frog enjoyed dinner together.”她听从父亲的吩咐，和客人一起吃了饭；根据“She bent down to kiss the frog, but ended up kissing a prince.”她弯下腰去吻青蛙；可知，选项C的顺序是正确的。故选C。
D

All over the world, people find giraffes amazing. The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world. Its legs and tail are taller than most people. Its tongue is very long, 18 inches. The front part of its tongue is an unusual color, black. Unlike most other large animals, giraffes do not threaten (威胁) people. Yet to many scientists the most amazing thing about this gentle giant is its heart.
To understand how amazing the giraffe’s heart is, put your head lower than your heart. Keep it there for a few minutes. Then lift your head up very quickly. Do you feel dizzy? This is the effect of a change in blood pressure. The heart has to quickly pump blood to your brain to stop you from feeling dizzy or from fainting.
When a giraffe lifts its head up from the ground, it has to lift its 250-kilo neck more than 15 feet in the air. How can it do this without fainting? The giraffe’s heart is really large. It is almost two feet long and weighs about 10 kilos. It can pump 60 liters of blood in a minute. The large artery (动脉) that carries blood from the heart up the long neck of the giraffe is also unusual because it has a muscle in it. This muscle helps keep the giraffe’s blood pressure.
In 1988, a writer, Michael Allin, learned that a giraffe arrived in Marseille, a city in the south of France, in 1826. It was a gift to the king of France Charles X. He decided to go to Ethiopia, in East Africa, where the giraffe was born. He traveled to Egypt on the Nile River. This was the same way the giraffe came to Egypt where he discovered the reason for the gift. Muhammad Ali, an important Egyptian leader, did not want the French to enter a war. He sent the giraffe to King Charles X.
However, it was difficult to transport a giraffe in 1826. It traveled from Egypt to France on a ship. The giraffe was so tall that it couldn’t fit in the lower deck of the ship. This was quite a problem until someone decided to cut a hole in the top deck of the ship. The giraffe’s legs were below, and its long neck came up through the hole.
No one knew how to get such a large animal from Marseille to Paris, so the giraffe had to walk the 880 kilometers. All along the way, people came to watch the gentle giant. Six weeks after it left Marseille, the giraffe finally arrived in Paris, where 100,000 people came to see this amazing creature. Today, we still look at the giraffe in amazement. There is no other animal like it on earth.
36.What is unusual about the artery in a giraffe’s neck?
A. It has a muscle in it. B. It has an unusual colour.
C. It weighs 10 kilos. D. It carries blood to the legs.
37. The writer explains how amazing the giraffe’s heart is in Paragraph 3 mainly by ________.
A. telling stories B. showing steps
C. giving numbers D. expressing opinions
39. What did they do to transport the giraffe by ship?
A. They cut a hole in the deck. B. They added a taller deck to the ship.
C. They built another new ship. D. They cut the taller deck off the ship.
【答案】36. A 37. C 39. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大型动物——长颈鹿身体构造的惊人之处和它被发现的历史。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The large artery (动脉)... is also unusual because it has a muscle in it.”可知长颈鹿脖子的动脉有肌肉，A选项符合原文表达。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It is almost two feet long and weighs about 10 kilos. It can pump 60 liters of blood in a minute.”可知通过列数字的方式来说明长颈鹿心脏的惊奇。故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“This was quite a problem until someone decided to cut a hole in the top deck of the ship.”可知为通过船只运输长颈鹿，在甲板上开了个洞。故选A。

【南京市鼓楼区2022年中考英语二模试卷】
A
Fitness Courses

Yolanda would like to do gentle exercise in the open air in the evenings. She likes to do things with groups of older people.
Yoga School
In our large mixed ability classes, you can work at your own relaxed speed and learn about yoga in ancient India. From 7 to 9 a.m. and 6 to 8 p.m., on Mondays and Fridays.

Bashir likes meeting people, team sports and competition. He wants to improve his sporting skills and get stronger and fitter. He is free two afternoons a week.
Beach volleyball
Join us every Sunday morning at Sunnysands beach. Kids and adults are welcome to take part. We’re not professionals. We just play for fun and exercise!

Vikash doesn’t have much free time. He wants to be able to exercise for an hour a day in the evenings or early morning. He prefers to do things on his own.
Tara’s Tai Chi
Most of our members are people in their forties, fifties and sixties who enjoy the gentle movements of Tai Chi. All our classes are held in Anderson Park. Week nights from 6 to 8 p.m.

Laurent wants something he can do with his wife and teenage children. They all enjoy being outdoors, especially at the seaside. He only has weekends free.
Fitness Fans’ Gym
We’re open every day from 7 a.m. to midnight. Personal fitness trainers will study your individual needs and design an exercise programme just for you.
26. Which fitness course can Vikash take?
A. Beach volleyball. B. Tara’s Tai Chi. C. Yoga School. D. Fitness Fans’ Gym.
27. Who will choose “Tara’s Tai Chi”?
A. Laurent. B. Laurent’s wife. C. Yolanda. D. Bashir.
28. What does Laurent think about when he chooses the fitness course?
A. The place and the interest. B. The time and the place.
C. The children and the team sports. D. The time and the competition.
【答案】26. D 27. C 28. B
【解析】本文主要介绍了四个人对于锻炼的需求以及四种健身课程。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“He wants to be able to exercise for an hour a day in the evenings or early morning. He prefers to do things on his own.”和“We’re open every day from 7 a.m. to midnight. Personal fitness trainers will study your individual needs and design an exercise programme just for you.”可知，Vikash可以早上或者晚上在健身房锻炼，个人健身教练也可以为他设计专属锻炼计划。所以“Fitness Fans’ Gym”适合Vikash。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Yolanda would like to do gentle exercise in the open air in the evenings. She likes to do things with groups of older people.”和“Most of our members are people in their forties, fifties and sixties who enjoy the gentle movements of Tai Chi. All our classes are held in Anderson Park. Week nights from 6 to 8 p.m.”可知，Yolanda会选择“Tara’s Tai Chi”，她可以和年龄大的人们在一起锻炼，同时公园也是属于室外，故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“They all enjoy being outdoors, especially at the seaside. He only has weekends free.”可知，Laurent考虑的是时间和地点。故选B。
B
When 19-year-old Mary-Jess Leaverland sang for 70 million TV viewers, nobody back home in England knew anything about it. Her victory in the talent show. I Want to Sing to the Stars was seen by five times as many people as watch a similar UK show, called The X Factor, but they were all from the Chinese region of Jiangsu, as that’s the only place the programme is shown.
Mary-Jess was in China to study the language as part of her university course when she entered the competition. A friend had invited her to watch him in a TV quiz show. On their way, they passed the talent show’s studios. Mary-Jess went in, found a producer and sang for him. During the competition she had classes as usual then went to the studios in the evenings. When she wasn’t on stage, she was busy doing her homework.
Mary-Jess used her £900 prize money to fly home to see her mum. When she returned, there were no recording contracts (合同) to sign or concerts to perform in. She told her mum, who’s also a good singer, how amazed she was that she was chosen as the winner, then the two of them chatted happily about their plans to start singing together again at clubs around their hometown. It was only later that Mary-Jess’s mum thought it might be fun to tell the local newspaper about her daughter’s win. Yet, within 24 hours, Mary-Jess’s story had appeared nationally and just weeks later she had a manager, a lawyer and was off to New York with record companies fighting to sign her as one of their artists. Mary-Jess’s singing career started.
29. What does the passage say about I Want to Sing to the Stars?
A. It’s a talent competition made in China. B. It’s shown in several countries across Asia.
C. It’s the most popular TV show in China. D. It’s less popular than the show The X Factor.
30. What was Mary-Jess’s reason for coming to China?
A. She was visiting a friend of hers here. B. She was here learning to speak Chinese.
C. She was teaching at a Chinese university. D. She came here to be in a singing competition
31. How did Mary-Jess feel when she first returned to England?
A. Surprised that she had won the competition.
B. Satisfied that she got so much in prize money.
C. Worried about the concerts she would have to do.
D. Amazed by all the attention from the UK newspapers.
【答案】29. A 30. B 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍Mary-Jess的个人经历。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Her victory in the talent show. I Want to Sing to the Stars was seen by five times as many people as watch a similar UK show, called The X Factor, but they were all from the Chinese region of Jiangsu, as that’s the only place the programme is shown.”可知，Mary-Jess在达人秀中获胜，《我想给星星唱歌》的观看人数是英国类似节目《英国偶像》的五倍，但他们都来自中国江苏地区，因为这是该节目唯一播放的地方。所以I Want to Sing to the Stars是中国的达人秀节目，故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Mary-Jess was in China to study the language as part of her university course when she entered the competition.”可知，Mary-Jess来中国上大学，学习中文，故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“She told her mum, who’s also a good singer, how amazed she was that she was chosen as the winner”可知，Mary-Jess对自己赢得比赛感到惊讶，故选A。
D
Ants may be tiny—but they’re serious eaters! Try these experiments(实验) to find out what ants like to eat.
Want to find out what the ants in your neighbourhood like to eat? Place small amounts of different foods on the plate. You can use peanut butter, honey, mashed banana, grated apple or cheese, and seeds.
Put this feeding station where there are lots of ants. Wait three minutes and count the number of ants feeding on each food. Count how many there are every three minutes.
Ants don’t always take the first food they find. Instead, they may investigate, touching many pieces of food with their antennae(触须). What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it? Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out. When they finally choose a food, the ants carry it back to their nest.
Do your ants prefer big seeds or smaller ones? Sweet crumbs or less sweet ones? Here’s a test: Give ants a choice between full-strength honey and a honey-water mixture (add one teaspoon of honey to five teaspoons of water). Offer a few drops of each choice side-by-side at a feeding station. Then every three minutes count the number of ants you see near each place.
Want to see how far ants travel when they go out to collect food? First find an ant nest. You can do that by following some ants when they carry food home. Now you know how far the ants travelled to get to your food station. Next, move the food station about 30 cm farther from the nest. Do the ants find it? If so, move the station again. Keep moving the station until the ants no longer appear.
When ants find a food they like, they work quickly to collect it. Usually they try to get the nestmates to help. To find out how long does it take an ant to tell others that there’s food nearby, offer their favourite food and watch. After the first ant finds the food, begin counting the ants every minute. Also, watch their behaviour. When the first ant goes home, what does it do when it gets near one of its nestmates? Does it feed the other ant a bit of food? Or do the two touch the antennae together? Is the ant with the food pulling its back end on the ground? It may be leaving strong smell that leads to the food.
36. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To tell readers about ants’ antennae.
B. To tell readers about different kinds of ants.
C. To tell readers how to find out where ants live.
D. To tell readers how to observe ants by experiments.
37. In Paragraph 4, “Instead, they may investigate...” What does the word “investigate” mean?
A. Quickly eat something. B. Carefully hide something.
C. Quickly look at something. D. Carefully check something out.
39. How can a person find out how far ants will travel to find a food station?
A. By moving the food station farther away.
B. By changing the food in the food station.
C. By showing the food station to different ants.
D. By reducing the amount of food in the food station.
【答案】36. D 37. D 39. A
【解析】本文主要讲述了如何研究蚂蚁的行为方式。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Try these experiments to find out what ants like to eat.”可知，这篇文章目的是告诉读者如何通过实验观察蚂蚁；故选D。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Ants don’t always take the first food they find. Instead, they may investigate, touching many pieces of food with their antennae(触须).”可知，蚂蚁并不总是刚找到食物就吃掉。相反，它们可能会进行调查，用它们的触角接触许多食物；因此“investigate”意为“Carefully check something out.”，故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“First find an ant nest. You can do that by following some ants when they carry food home...Keep moving the station until the ants no longer appear.”可知，通过移动食物站来了解蚂蚁会走多远；故选A。

【南京市鼓楼区2022年中考英语一模试题】
C
I work at a US university where my team and I are trying to learn more about water birds, especially one called the American black duck. And we’ve just started using an exciting piece of equipment called a “night-vision scope”, which allows us to see the ducks in the dark!
We’re worried about black ducks mainly because their numbers have fallen hugely and we don’t know whether there’s enough food on the east coast for these animals. There’s lots of information about their daytime activities, but nothing about what they do at night, because we simply haven’t had the equipment. But this new “scope” will produce really clear pictures, even on moonless nights, so we’ll be able to find out more and make better decisions about looking after the area where they live based on what we learn.
It is very hard work. There are four of us, each working six hours daily. We’ve studied ducks in different locations, and I’ve had to take a boat to some places and make notes on every duck I see. The weather hasn’t helped—some nights are warm, but more often it’s wet. Oh, and it’s so quiet I’ve needed lots of coffee to stop me falling asleep! We’ve only missed one working day so far, because the snow was too deep even for our special snow vehicles.
Still I like the challenge of it, especially compared to what the summer will bring-hours in a lab, where we’ll look at our results together. It’ll be hard to stay and work for long hours inside—but it’s necessary to do this. And I wouldn’t change it for anything!
34. When the writer spends long time watching ducks, he ________.
A. sometimes finds it difficult to stay awake
B. finds there’s enough to do to keep his interest
C. dislikes having to deal with low temperatures
D. is glad to have the chance to work in a quiet place
35. What does the writer say about working inside a lab over the summer?
A. He’s looking forward to studying his results.
B. He accepts that it’s a necessary part of his job.
C. He’s happy he’ll be working with other people.
D. He feels pleased that he’ll avoid the hot weather.
【答案】34. A 35. B
【解析】本文介绍作者团队一次户外观察北美黑鸭的研究。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Oh, and it’s so quiet I’ve needed lots of coffee to stop me falling asleep!”可知作者团队遇到的问题是观察黑鸭时太安静，人很容易犯困，所以只能靠大量的咖啡提神。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ It’ll be hard to stay and work for long hours inside—but it’s necessary to do this. ”可知在室内长时间工作是很困难的，但这是必要的。故选B。

【南京市建邺区2022年中考英语二模试卷】
B

If you want to introduce China, you won’t want to miss Chinese literature. Now you are reading some dialogues about it.
Today four translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us. They are:
Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria
Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands
Joachim, aged 25 from France
Mai, aged 28 from Egypt
Question 1: How did you get interested in Chinese literature?
Petko: It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy — The Shaolin Temple. That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with China. I was amazed by Chinese Kungfu, of course — everyone loves Kungfu. I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and I found that I like Chinese music too — I just love the movie’s theme tune, Song of the Shepherd.
Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young age. When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this encouraged me to choose Chinese Studies as my major at university.
Question 2: What interests you most among all the works?
Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in. I’ve translated several short stories by Mo Yan. Right now, I’m doing research into popular literature in Shanghai.
Mai: I don’t care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself. I’ve translated some works by writers such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on what’s being self-published online by new, young writers.
Question 3: _____________________
Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1,000 copies in Bulgaria. When you consider that here the best writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller here.
Joachim: The novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well in France. Mo Yan was already hugely popular, but became even more so after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature has a lot of importance to the French, and Chinese literary works have been highly thought of.
29. What does the underlined word “this” in Question 1 mean?
A. becoming interested in languages at a young age
B. starting to study in high school when I was young
C. reading books about Chinese history and culture
D. choosing Chinese Studies as my major at university
【答案】29. C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this encouraged me to choose Chinese Studies as my major at university.”可知读关于中国历史和文化的书籍鼓励Annelous选择在大学主修中国研究专业。this指代“读关于中国历史和文化的书籍”这件事。故选C。
C

China has done a lot to protect the environment. Here is a passage about birdwatching. Please read and tell the world about this.
Chinese tourism website Qyer worked with animal protection organizations to give a list of eight places in China to watch birds along with some do’s and don’ts of birdwatching. This list was announced on April 1, International Bird Day.
The tips introduced the living conditions of wild birds and the importance of birdwatchers avoiding influencing the lives of these birds.
Baiwangshan Forest Park and Olympic Forest Park in Beijing are among the recommended on the list, as Beijing is an important passage for birds flying from north to south. It’s reported that over 260 kinds of birds take the Olympic Forest Park as their cover.
Different birds live in the wetlands of Dongying city, Shandong province, and a high-power binocular helps people to watch them clearly.
Spring and summer is the time for baby birds to learn to fly. If one happens to find a baby bird that fell out of its nest(巢), one should put it back in the nest, a safe place nearby, or contact the local wildlife protection station and follow the advice of the members.
One should not take the baby bird home to raise because it's difficult to provide the nutrition(营养) that a baby bird needs. Also, it will be hard for the bird to return to the wild after being dependent on humans.
Qyer has been encouraging its users to have responsible travel(责任制旅行). According to the website, there is a 60 percent increase of interest in responsible travel from users in 2021 V.S. 2020. Most users said they were willing to change their way of travel to protect the environment.
32. What does the underlined word “passage” probably mean in the passage according to the given English-English dictionary entries(词条)?
passage
1. ［n.］a section of text; particularly a section of medium length
2. ［n.］a journey usually by ship
3. ［n.］the act of passing from one state or place to the next
4. ［n.］a path or channel through or along which something may pass
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
【答案】32. D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Baiwangshan Forest Park and Olympic Forest Park in Beijing are among the recommended on the list, as Beijing is an important passage for birds flying from north to south”可知，北京的百旺山森林公园和奥林匹克森林公园都在推荐名单上，因为北京是鸟类从北飞到南的重要通道，“passage”意为路径或通道，选项D“某物通过或沿着的路径或通道”符合语境。故选D。

【南京市建邺区2022年中考英语一模试题】
B
Learning a new language is never an easy thing. Now you are reading someone’s language learning experience.

Learning new things is always a challenge for human beings. I have experienced a hard time to learn a foreign language in the very beginning. But after practicing hard and watching how people talk, I am doing better day by day.
I got afraid when I was going to enter Thompson Rivers University in Canada, which was far away from my country with totally a new culture and new people. I became nervous because I had no experience of making myself comfortable in a whole new place, language and culture in a short time.
After landing in Canada, I’ve started facing a lot of problems that I knew I would have to face from the very beginning. But what I didn’t know was how to fix them. It was not easy for me to communicate with people because I wasn’t used to the accent（口音）in Canada. As Canada’s first language is English, they have a natural way of accent which sounds like a bird singing a nice song. They use different intonations（语调）and stresses from my mother language. Also because my vocabulary wasn’t so rich, I had problems talking with people around me. Moreover, I was afraid of making mistakes.
When I first came to the university, I met many international students and introduced our Bengali（孟加拉的）culture to them. In return, I also gathered information about their cultures and traditions. I started watching people about how they talk, including their expressions, intonations, stresses, vocabularies as well as how they use phrases in their conversation. I started to talk in English with my friends. Those long conversations made me confident. Though I was making a lot of mistakes while talking, I did not give up for a single moment. I kept practicing more to get comfortable with everything I needed day by day. Especially the professors and teachers guided me a lot to be better at English.
From all this, I have learned an important lesson that nothing is impossible. To achieve a goal, all you need to do is working hard, practicing and not feeling shy when you’re making a mistake. I am learning a lot by making lots of mistakes. Now mistakes don’t trouble me anyway.
29. What problems did the writer face when learning a foreign language?
a. The writer wasn’t used to the accent in Canada.
b. The writer got afraid because of Thompson Rivers University.
c. The writer was afraid of making mistakes.
d. The writer didn’t have enough vocabulary to communicate with others.
A. abc B. bcd C. acd D. abd
30. The writer used the underlined part “sounds like a bird singing a nice song” to _________.
A. show Canadians like singing beautiful songs
B. express Canadians have a natural way of accent
C. prove why the writer had problems singing songs
D. tell his mother language has special intonation and stress
【答案】29. C 30. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者学习英语的经历。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“It was not easy for me to communicate with people because I wasn’t used to the accent（口音）in Canada …Also because my vocabulary wasn’t so rich, I had problems talking with people around me. Moreover, I was afraid of making mistakes.”可知，作者面临的语言学习困难有：不熟悉加拿大口音、词汇量缺乏、害怕犯错。故选C。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“As Canada’s first language is English, they have a natural way of accent which sounds like a bird singing a nice song.”可知，加拿大人说英语有一种自然的口音，听起来就像鸟儿在唱一首好听的歌；由此可知，作者用“sounds like a bird singing a nice song”这句话来表达加拿大人有自然的口音。故选B。
C
To remember vocabularies drives a lot of students mad. Are there any useful methods to do it better? Here is a passage for you to read and learn.

Stay up late doing exercises remembering every grammar rule and reading all English articles you’ve learned again and again... Are these the ways you learn English? The bad news is that this method may do you little good. But the good news is that there are better ways to build your English vocabulary.
·Learn a new English word every day
If you’re not sure where to start, try making cards of the most commonly used words. Another way to build up your English vocabulary is reading. If you like reading about travel, pets or food, read about these topics in English. Look for English newspapers or magazines about your favorite subjects or visit websites or blogs about these topics. Read a few articles each morning, and circle new words. If you like watching movies, pick one and start watching. If you’re afraid you won’t understand everything, you can always watch them with subtitles. Once you’re confident in your English listening skills, try watching movies without subtitles.
·Don’t forget to record new words in a vocabulary notebook
Whenever you come across a new word, write it down. Many English language learners carry a notebook for this purpose. Keep the notebook and a pen at hand. Then, you’ll have something to review while traveling or taking a break.
·Vocabulary learning system
Another thing to do is to develop an organized but easy way of collecting and learning new words. For example, a card system should include the following information，
*Word
*English meaning of the word
*Phrases or sentences
*Related words
*Words of similar meanings and words of opposite meanings
*Chinese meaning on the back of the card
· ▲
It is found that people understand and remember facts better if they are given in logical（合逻辑的） groups. For example, it is less difficult to remember words that are related to each other than those unrelated ones. Creating lists of words related to common themes–such as friendship, family, wealth, careers, sciences–will be much easier to learn and remember than collecting words according to their first letters.
33. The underlined word “subtitles” means _________.
A. names of books, magazines, or other published works
B. translations of foreign films shown at the bottom of the screen
C. second titles which are often longer and explain more
D. names that describe people’s social positions or jobs
【答案】 33. B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Once you’re confident in your English listening skills, try watching movies without subtitles.”可知此处说的是看英语电影，如果你对英语的听力有自信的话，可以尝试看电影不看字幕。说明subtitles指的是电影字幕。选项B“展示在屏幕下方的外文电影的翻译”符合题意。故选B。

【南京市联合体2022年中考英语二模试卷】
Welcome to 2022 Summer Fun Club!
Are you looking for something that can add colour to your summer holiday? If yes, here are the summer courses that you cannot miss!Each course offers summer students the chance to learn new skills!You will have an unforgettable summer filled with fun, happiness and new friendships!
Teenagers Can Cook
The course is to improve students’ knowledge in the kitchen. You will learn basic cooking skills, kitchen safety, and how to buy proper ingredients（原料）and follow steps in recipes（食谱）. You can sit comfortably and eat what you have cooked at the end of each lesson.
Space Explorers
You will learn about the solar system through books, songs, arts and activities. You will be able to create your own rocket ship, discover planets, play with space sand and so much more!
Acting for Fun
This is a course that lets students enjoy the fun of acting. Through acting and speaking in front of people, you will be more confident. Parents are welcome to watch the performance at the end of the course.
Little writers
The course is divided into two parts. In the first part, students are introduced to famous stories and their writers. Famous writers will be invited to give talks on short story writing. In the second part, students are taught to write stories by using different skills. You can also get the chance to write other text types, such as poems and plays.

26. Which course should Nick join if he wants to be more confident?
A. Acting for Fun. B. Little Writers. C. Teenagers Can Cook. D. Space Explorers.
27. What can students do in the writing course?
A. Write stories and other text types. B. Give talks on short story writing.
C. Get to know the importance of acting. D. Learn about the solar system by reading.
【答案】26. A 27. A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了2022夏季趣味俱乐部课程的相关信息。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据Acting for Fun中“Through acting and speaking in front of people, you will be more confident.”可知通过在人们面前表演和说话，你会更加自信。可知，如果尼克想变得更自信，他应该参加Acting for Fun课程。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据Little writers中“In the second part, students are taught to write stories by using different skills. You can also get the chance to write other text types, such as poems and plays.”可知在第二部分，学生被教导用不同的技巧写故事。你也可以有机会写其他类型的文本，如诗歌和戏剧。可知，学生在写作课程中能写故事和其他类型的文本。故选A。