选修6 Unit4 Global warming（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

选修6 Unit4 Global warming

基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. The Chinese government advocates that we should live a low­carbon life.
2. As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
3. Quantities of money have been spent in bringing up the children since they were married.
4. Mr. Wang isn’t interested in politics, so he never glances at the political page of the daily paper.
5. Compared with developing countries, developed countries consume more energy. 
6. Actually, a good number of students are objected to having classes on Sundays.
7. 【2019江苏卷】So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence．
8. There is widespread (普遍的) dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus. 
9. In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life, which ranges (范围) from transportation to water saving.
10. Under these circumstances (情况), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.
11. Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students refreshed (恢复) and relaxed for a while.
12. We should do our work well to make contributions (贡献) to our future, our society and our nation.

Ⅱ.单句填空

1. The company has been steadily (steady) losing market share due to its poor management.
2. When compared (compare) with the vast universe, our earth looks like a small blue ball.
3. Quantities of money have been spent (spend) in bringing up his children over the last 20 years.
4. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist).
5. With industry developing, poisonous gases and water are produced, consequently (consequence) doing harm to all living things on the land.
6. Some people advocate reforming (reform) some present educational systems. 
7. 【2019北京卷语法填空】Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental (environment) protection.
8. 【2018江苏卷】No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth (grow).
9. When decorating your dorm, you’d better talk to your roommates and decide on a color scheme to avoid disagreements (agree)．
10. Thanks to the river chief system, the local rivers’ pollution has been stopped，and you cannot see any polluted water in this city. (pollute)
11. It was stated that the president made a statement announcing new policies to deal with the new situation. (state)
12. They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter. (contribute)
13. The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely. (tend)

Ⅲ.短语检测

1. On behalf of (代表) the Student Union, I’m writing to invite you to give us a talk from 3：00 pm to 5:00 pm next Wednesday.
2. My mother was opposed to (反对) my idea of going on a trip around Europe alone, because she thought it was dangerous.
3. Most of the representatives think that on the whole (大体上) the meeting is a great success.
4. I would like to subscribe to (赞成；同意) New Scientist to keep up with advances in science.
5. People who ever worked with Bob all said that they couldn’t put up with (容忍) his rudeness.
6. Some scientists say sea levels are going up (上升) and will continue to rise in the future.
7. How did the accident come about (发生) since the driver drove at such a low speed？
8. Work stress resulted in (导致) his mental illness, and his health is now at risk.
9. The farm grows various kinds of crops: wheat, corn, cotton, and so on (等等). 
10. As/So long as (只要) we don’t lose heart and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims.

Ⅳ.重点句型

1. 【2019江苏卷书面表达】It’s the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for.
2. The park was crowded, so it took us some time to (…花费了我们一些时间) find an available site.
3. Animal activists advocate that the government (should) set (set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.
4. As far as I’m concerned (就我而言), I am strongly against the plan.
5. There is no doubt that (毫无疑问) we can rid the world of hunger.
6. Allow the children to voice their opinions, even if/though (即使) they are different from yours. 
7. With global warming becoming more and more serious, it won’t take long before some coastal cities disappear. 

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

   There is no doubt 1.that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but 2. natural (nature) phenomenon. 

   Many scientists like Dr Janice Foster believe that people have caused the increase in the earth’s temperature by burning fossil 3. fuels (fuel) like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy whose byproducts 4. are called (call) “greenhouse” gases, the most important one being carbon dioxide. These gases trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth, without 5. which the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. But the increased amount of carbon dioxide means that 6. more (much) heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere, 7. causing (cause) the global temperature to go 8. up. 

   On the other hand, scientists 9. like George Hambley believe that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences and more carbon dioxide is actually 10.  a  positive thing.

选修6 Unit4 Global warming

提升练

I. 阅读理解

A

【2019北京卷】By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

   At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.

   Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

   Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing.” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”

1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.

B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.

C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.

D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.

2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Sensitive.  B. Beneficial C. Significant D. Unnoticeable

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.

B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes

C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate

D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.

4. What is the main purpose of the passage？

A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes

B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain

C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans

D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton

B

【2017北京卷】It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.

   Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground, “Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”

   It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”

   CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.

Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor.

   Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.

   “I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”

   Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.

   Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”

5. What happened to Paris on a March day?

A. She caught a bad cold.       B. She had a sudden heart problem.

C. She was knocked down by a ball.    D. She shivered terribly during practice

6. Why does Paris say she was lucky?

A. She made a worthy friend.      B. She recovered from shock.

C. She received immediate CPR.     D. She came back on the softball team.

7. Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?

A. Enthusiastic and kind.       B. Courageous and calm.

C. Cooperative and generous.      D. Ambitious and professional.

C

【2017江苏卷改编】    Old Problem, New Approaches

   While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.

   When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.

   Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连体) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.

   Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, but the World Bank has included the project on its of “100 ideas to save the planet”.

   Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.

8. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies        .

A. adaptation is an ever-changing process  B. the cost of adaptation varies with time

C. global warming affects adaptation forms  D. adaptation to climate change is challenging

9. What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?

A. The project receives government support.   

B. Different organizations work with each other.

C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation. 

D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.

10. What do we learn from the Peru example?

A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.  B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.

C. This country is heating up too quickly.  D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.

11. What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?

A. Setting up a new standard.     B. Reducing carbon emission.

C. Adapting to climate change.    D. Monitoring polluting industries.

D

【2020兰州实战模拟】The effect of climate change extends beyond ruining Earth’s environment and our physical safety. A report published this week suggests that climate change has a negative effect on our mental health, too.

   The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), links an increase in monthly temperatures to a rise in mental health issues. The experimental evidence stems from meteorological (气象学的) data paired with information collected from nearly 2 million randomly sampled residents in the United States. The data was collected over the span (跨度) of a decade.

   “We find that experiences with hotter temperatures and added rainfall each worsen mental health, that long­lasting warming associates with an increased popularity of mental health issues, and that exposure to tropical cyclones (热带气旋), likely to increase in frequency in the future, is linked to worsened mental health,” authors of the study stated. “These results provide added large­scale evidence to the growing link between climate change and mental health.”

   The report specifically focused on mental health outcomes due to the effects of environmental stress — such as temperature, rainfall, and tropical cyclones — but other climate change­related issues are likely to affect mental health as well — specifically, the stress and anxiety of knowing natural disasters could be more frequent as temperatures rise.

12. From the newly­published report, we learn that the climate change may ________.

A. save a lot of people’s lives     B. cause unbelievable disasters

C. influence people’s mental health   D. greatly change people’s life styles

13. Why did the author mention “the span of a decade” in Paragraph 2?

A. To stress the importance of the study.

B. To show that the study cost too much money.

C. To explain the difficulties and hardships of the study.

D. To indicate that the study is objective and believable.

14. Where can we find some specific results of the study?

A. In Paragraph 1. B. In Paragraph 2.  C. In Paragraph 3. D. In Paragraph 4.

15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The study has its limits.     B. The results of the study aren’t satisfactory.

C. The environmental problems can’t be solved. D. Mental health is determined by climate change.

II. 阅读七选五

【2018北京卷】    Why Do We Get Angry?

   Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发) events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations.    16  

   Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.    17    The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.

   Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.    18    Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.

       19    Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.

       20    However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.

A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.

B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.

C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.

E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.

F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.

G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.

III. 语法填空

【2020聊城模拟】I believe our life is full of luck and kindness. I was out in town with my husband. Because of the cold, my   21   shrunk, causing my anniversary ring to   22  . I didn't notice this until we got home. I became   23   ill and ached all over. I thought my husband was going to have a heart attack.

   Although it is a material item, it is yet very  24 . He went out and retraced our  25  to where we came back. I called the stores we were in and no one turned it in. I thought it was  26  for sure.

   Well, at around midnight last night, our dogs went mad. We have a sunroom   27   to our home. The door to that is usually   28  . But that night, we left it unlocked. My all­terrain motor scooter (小型摩托车) was   29   out there. In its basket was a ring box — holding my ring!

   There was also a note that told the story of this stranger   30   the ring and recognizing the work, as it is a piece made particularly. The person then went to the jeweler and   31   about finding the ring. The jeweler is a friend of mine so she gave her my   32   and the town is so small, we are   33   to find. The stranger who found the ring   34   the ribbon (丝带) in the store in order to keep the ring around the finger when it is   35   out. And then the stranger also left a card for us to take our family out to the movies as a gift.

21. A. ring    B. hand    C. brain     D. finger

22. A. fall off     B. leave behind  C. break down    D. go away

23. A. firmly    B. formally   C. identically    D. physically

24. A. valuable   B. challenging  C. memorable    D. beneficial

25. A. footprints   B. steps    C. streets     D. directions

26. A. gone    B. stolen   C. changed    D. transformed

27. A. adapted    B. attached   C. exposed    D. held

28. A. open    B. abandoned  C. closed     D. locked

29. A. made    B. parked   C. repaired    D. destroyed

30. A. handling   B. exploring   C. finding     D. chasing

31. A. explained   B. complained  C. wondered    D. argued

32. A. phone number B. photo    C. mailbox    D. name

33. A. difficult    B. easy    C. incredible    D. complex

34. A. purchased   B. tore    C. sold     D. borrowed

35. A. warm    B. rainy    C. foggy     D. cold