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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book2Module5
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基础知识默写
1．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济(上)的→economist n．经济学家→economical adj.经济的，实惠的
2．congratulation n．祝贺→congratulate vt.祝贺
3．aboard adv.& prep.在船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上→board v．上船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)
4．welcome vt.& n．欢迎 adj.受欢迎的
5．historical adj.历史性的→historic adj.有历史意义的→history n．历史
6．achievement n．成就；功业；伟绩→achieve vt.取得；完成
7．replace vt.代替；取代→replacement n．代替；更换
8．delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的→delight n．快乐；愉快 vt.使高兴
9．actor n．演员→actress n．女演员→act v．表演→action n．行动；活动
10．evidence n．证据→evident adj.明显的，清楚的
11．cultural adj.文化的→culture n．文化
12．review n．评论 v．复习，评论
13．found vt.创立；建立→founder n．创始人
14．universe n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的；一般的→universally adv.普遍地
15．sailor n．船员；水手→sail vt.航行
16．produce vt.创作；生产→production n．生产；创作→product n．产品；产物
17．photograph n．照片→photographer n．摄影师→photography n．摄影
18．headline n．(新闻报道等的)标题
19．celebrity n．名人
20．orbit n．轨道；vt.绕轨道飞行
21．financial adj.金融的→finance n．财政；金融
22．capsule n．太空舱
23．alien n．外星人
24．amateur adj.业余的
25．telescope n．望远镜
26．politician n．政治家→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的
27．belief n．信念；信条→disbelief(反)n.不信，怀疑，疑惑→believe v．相信
28．in space在太空
29．in the history of...在……的历史上
30．take photographs of拍摄……
31．take off(飞机)起飞；脱掉；成功
32．in total总共；合计
33．be delighted to do sth.很高兴做某事
34．now that既然
35．believe in相信
36．concentrate on sth.专心于某事
37．be similar to和……相似
38．When Yang took off from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9 am yesterday，China became the third nation to send a man into space.
昨天上午九点，杨利伟在中国西北部的酒泉起飞，中国成为世界上第三个把人送入太空的国家。
39．Amateur astronomer David Bates was looking at the moon through his telescope last night when he got a big surprise.
昨天晚上，业余天文学家大卫·贝茨正在用天文望远镜观看月球，就在那时他有了一个惊人的发现。
40．Is this the first time he’s seen aliens landing on the moon？
这是他第一次看见外星人登上月球吗？
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．All the students are welcome(受欢迎的) to make comments and express their views about the film.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2．According to a review(评论) of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years longer than nonrunners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
3．China needs to undergo rapid economic(economy) development before a population decline hits the country.(2017·江苏)
4．We shared the belief(believe) that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
5．The researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced(替代) old products with new electronics.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
6．The students and teachers shared a great time.That surely gave us a great sense of achievement
(achieve)．(2017·北京)
7．So imagine my delight(快乐) when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
8．Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors(act)．(2017·全国Ⅱ)
9．That is only evidence(证据) that traditions once existed.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
10．Arts contribute to cultural(culture) development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.(2018·江苏)
11．One of the most famous theatres in Georgia，the Marjanishvili，founded(found) in 1928，appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
12．The 57yearold man becomes the first world leader to leave office as a direct result of the financial(finance) crisis.
13．That car went out of production(produce) five years ago.
14．Such problems are a universal(universe) feature of old age.
15．Historically(historical), there has always been a great deal of rivalry between the two families.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
China has been preparing to send two to three space laboratories 1.in total skyward.This is in preparation for its plan to build a space station 2.in space in 2020，according to Gu Yidong，a designer for China’s manned space program.Before its 3.taking off into space，China still needs some technological breakthroughs.The scientists 4.believe in their ability to solve them in a short period of time，which is why now，a group of experts 5.are concentrating on the breakthroughs.
6．Now that China is in the second phase of a threestep plan for its manned space flight program，the program website 7.is delighted to announce that two unmanned(无人) spaceships and five manned(载人) spaceships will be launched.The news media(媒体) will 8.take photographs of the launch at the scene.It will be a great moment 9.in the history of China space development.As for the construction of space station，China still faces difficulties that 10.are similar to what we are facing now in launching the space laboratories.We will continue to explore the unknown and we will make it!
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I was conducting a chemistry experiment when there was a sudden power failure.(be doing...when...)
我正在做一个化学实验，这时突然停电了。
2．He is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(the first...to do)
他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
3．It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen my lovely daughter.(It is the first time...)
这是我一年半以来第一次见到我可爱的女儿。
1．“太空”相关词汇集合
(1)spaceship n．宇宙飞船
(2)capsule n．太空舱
(3)orbit v．绕轨道飞行 n．轨道
(4)astronaut n．宇航员
(5)alien n．外星人
2．“明显的”大集合
(1)evident adj.明显的
(2)obvious adj.明显的，显然的
(3)apparent adj.显而易见的
(4)distinct adj.明显的
3．“总共；总计”短语汇总
(1)in total总共；总计
(2)in all总共；总计
(3)add up to加起来总共
(4)sum up 计算……的总数
4．盘点“很高兴做某事”
(1)be delighted to do sth.
(2)be glad to do sth.
(3)be happy to do sth.
(4)be pleased to do sth.
(5)have fun doing sth.
(1)congratulations (to sb.) on sth.就……(向某人)祝贺
Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)
(2)congratulate v．祝贺
congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺
(1)Congratulations on your happy marriage!
祝你婚姻幸福。
(2)You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。
易错点拨
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。
(2)congratulate的宾语是sb.而不是sth.，且该动词后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
(1)go/get aboard上车、船、飞机等
(2)board n．木板；董事会；委员会；膳食，伙食 v．寄宿；上船(飞机、火车、公共汽车等)
on board搭乘船(飞机、车等)；在船(飞机、车等)上
go on board上车、船、飞机等
(3)abroad adv.在/到国外
at home and abroad国内外
(4)broad adj.宽阔的；adv.宽阔地
[根据语境用aboard，board，broad，abroad填空]
(1)My brother has never been abroad before，so he is finding this trip very exciting.When the beautiful air hostess says，“Welcome aboard！”，he can’t wait to board the plane with a broad smile.
[完成句子]
(2)The passengers boarded/went on board/went aboard the plane(登机) at 9:00 a．m.
[熟词生义] 选择下列句子中abroad/board的汉语意思
(3)The happy tidings soon got abroad. A
(4)The cost of room and board at the university is high. B
A．(消息等)传开 B．膳食；伙食 C．国外
易错点拨 on board的基本意思是在某种交通工具上或搭乘某种交通工具，可用作形容词、副词、介词等。注意由于其本身可用作介词，所以其后可直接跟表示交通工具的名词，而无需在其后加介词of。如：go on board the train。
(1)a sense of achievement成就感
make great achievements取得巨大的成功
(2)achieve vt.完成；达到
achieve one’s aims/goals达到目标
achieve success获得成功
(1)Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement(成就感)．
(2)He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams(实现我们的梦想)．
(2016·江苏)
(3)In the last few years，China has made great achievements(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.
易错点拨 achievement作“完成，达到”解时为不可数名词；作“成就，功绩”解时是可数名词。
(1)replace...with/by...用……替换……
(2)in place of代替
take one’s place代替；就座
take the place of代替
(3)replacement n．代替；取代；更换；替代的人(物)
(1)I’m going to replace my old car with/by a new one.
(2)As I wandered around，I was a little disappointed to see the old buildings had been replaced(replace) with new highrise ones.(2018·吉林长春四模)
(3)[一句多译] 我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
①Our monitor will take the place of our head teacher to attend the meeting.
②Our monitor will attend the meeting in place of our head teacher.
③Our monitor will take our head teacher’s place to attend the meeting.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中replace的汉语意思
(4)She replaced the book on the shelf. C
A．代替 B．替换 C．把……放回原处
(1)be delighted at/with sth./to do sth.为(做)某事而高兴
(2)delight n．高兴；令人高兴的事；乐趣 vt.使高兴；使欣喜
to one’s delight＝to the delight of sb.使某人高兴的是
with delight高兴地
take delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事为乐
delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事为乐
delight sb.with sth.用某物使某人高兴
(3)delightful adj.令人愉快的，使人高兴的
(1)His wife told reporters that she was delighted with/at his new look and that it made him look kind and handsome.(2018·安徽马鞍山二模)
(2)The gardens show the human spirit of architecture，poetry and painting，so that today their delightful(delight) creativity，lines and rhythm can be imagined by everyone.
(3)The classic Walt Disney story already sounds like it’ll be a delight for both children and adults.
(2018·内蒙古赤峰模拟)
(4)To my delight(令我高兴的是)，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
(5)We delight in/take delight in(乐于) going for long walks in the country.
易错点拨 现代英语中不存在delighting这个形容词，所以不要用它来表示delightful的意思。
evident adj.明显的；显然的
It is evident that...……是明显的。
(1)It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty.
(2)Jim said there was no clear evidence that they meant to cheat investors.
易错点拨 evidence是不可数名词，不连用不定冠词，也不用复数，要表示几条证据，要借助piece：several pieces of evidence几条证据。
(1)a total of总数为……
the total of ……的总数
(2)total up把……加起来
(3)totally adv.完全；全部地；整个地
(1)In total(总的来说)，25% of India’s workingage population has no education.(2017·江苏)
(2)A total of 3,000 letters were/was received(receive) last month.
(3)The total of this month’s sales is(be) up 20%.
(4)Meanwhile，a total of 490,000 foreigners(foreign) from 204 countries and regions studied in China in 2017.
易错点拨 a total of和the total of不同，前者意为“总数为……”，若用作主语，谓语动词通常用复数(若作为整体也可用单数)；后者意为“……的总数”，若用作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。
(1)believe it or not信不信由你
It is believed that...人们相信……
(2)belief n．看法；信念
have belief in sth./sb.相信/信仰……
beyond (one’s) belief难以置信
hold the belief that持有……的观点
It is one’s belief that...某人相信……
(1)I don’t believe you，for I don’t believe in you.
我不相信你的话，因为我并不信任你。
(2)People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.
人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。
(3)I have no belief in his promise.
我不相信他的许诺。
[同义句改写]
(4)I believe that good manners are very important to everybody.
→It is my belief that good manners are very important to everybody.
(5)It is believed that he has told the truth.
→He is believed to have told the truth.
易错点拨 belief后跟介词in，表示“相信……”；也经常接that引导的名词性从句。
Is this the first time he’s seen aliens landing on the moon？这是他第一次看见外星人登上月球吗？
(1)句式“This/It is/was the first/second/.../last time＋that从句”，表示“这是第一/第二/……/最后一次……”。其中，that引导的是定语从句，that在口语中常省略。从句通常用现在完成时和过去完成时。
(2)It is time (for sb.) to do sth.表示“该是(某人)做某事的时候了”。
(3)It is (high/about) time＋that...表示“该做……”，that从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”或动词的过去式，should不可省略。
(1)It was the third time that he had asked(ask) the same question.这是他第三次问同一个问题了。
(2)It’s time for you to go(go) to watch the swimming competition.你该去看游泳比赛了。
(3)It is high time that we took/should take effective measures to control the environment pollution.
该是我们采取有效措施来控制环境污染的时候了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The livingroom television is replaced(replace) and gets planted in the kids’ room.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．She plans to start a foundation(found) for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.(2016·江苏)
3．The visitors to the college were welcomed(welcome) yesterday.
4．The number of the unemployed is on the rise owing to the financial(finance) crisis.
5．She said，“This is the first time that I have seen(see) the moonlight since I came here.”
6．If I have any further information about the paint，you will be the first to know(know) it.
7．Despite all the difficulties，the mother raised her children in an unusual way.
8．The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence(evident) of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
9．She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
10．Most of the men who now gathered round him again were similarly(similar) dressed up for the coming celebration.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于太空探索)
1．据报道，在2013年6月11号，“神州”十号发射成功，总共三名宇航员登上“神州”十号，包括王亚平。(It is reported that...)
2．她是第一位在绕轨道飞行时在太空舱进行太空授课的女宇航员。(the first to do；while＋v.ing)
3．很明显，这次航行在中国历史上很重要。(It was evident that...)
4．“神州”十号发射成功后，很多国家领导人向全体人员取得的成就表示祝贺。
5．我相信我们的科学家，并坚信到2020年会建成太空实验室。(hold the firm belief that句型)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．It is reported that on June 11,2013，Shenzhou X took off successfully with three astronauts aboard in total，including Wang Yaping.12.She was the first woman astronaut to give a video lecture in space while orbiting in the capsule.13.It was evident that the flight was of great importance in the history of China.After the success of Shenzhou X，many state leaders offered their 14.congratulations to the staff on their achievements.I 15.believe in our scientists and 16.hold the firm belief that our space laboratory will be founded in 2020.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·湖南三十四校联考)
Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists：
Scientist A：I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI，though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years.We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems.However，no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans.They may help us，ignore us or destroy us.I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives，but whether that is true will be partly up to us.
Scientist B：I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me.Even now，scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own.At some point in the near future，their intelligence may well take off and develop at an everincreasing speed.Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted.In the short term，there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest.In the long term，machines might decide the world would be better without humans.
Scientist C：I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls(头骨) and think of what’s happening right now：military machines like drones，gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input.The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans.We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.
17．What is Scientist B worried about?
A．AI technology will destroy the earth.
B．Computers can’t think by themselves.
C．Robots will take the place of humans.
D．Humans will be unhappy without machines.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the short term，there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。
18．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.
B．The movie image of a terrifying Terminator.
C．“Murderbots” can’t decide by themselves.
D．“Murderbots” will be against humans’ orders.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’ following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.”可知，自动“杀人机器人”服从人类的命令，但最后杀死谁由他们自己决定。句中this指“杀人机器人不服从人类的命令”。故选D。
19．Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?
A．Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.
B．The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.
C．“Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.
D．All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the short term，there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。也就是说，未来人工智能技术将会影响就业。故选B。
20．Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?
A．Scientist A. B．Scientist B.
C．Scientists B & C. D．Scientists B & A.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能的积极因素比消极因素多。根据第三段中的“...there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest.”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans.We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能的消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。
话题：历史 难度星级：☆☆
The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years.In 1721，the printer James Franklin，Benjamin’s older brother，started The NewEngland Courant，and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.He filled his paper with stories of adventure，articles on art，on famous people，and on all sorts of political subjects.
Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin’s Courant，few believe that newspapers in their present printed form will remain alive for long.Newspaper companies are losing advertisers，readers，market value，and in some cases，their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have been imaginable just several years ago.The chief editor of The Times said recently，“At places where they gather，editors ask one another，‘How are you？’，as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case.” An article about the newspaper appeared on the website of The Guardian，under the headline “NOT DEAD YET.”
Perhaps not，but the rise of the Internet，which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world，has brought about a real sense of death.Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years.The New York Times Company has seen its stock(股票) drop by 54% since the end of 2004，with much of the loss coming in the past year.A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stockholders sell off their Times stock.The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education；its testing and testpreparation service now brings in at least half the company’s income.
21．What can we learn about The NewEngland Courant?
A．It is mainly about the stock market.
B．It carries articles by political leaders.
C．It marks the beginning of newspapers.
D．It remains a successful newspaper in America.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“...started The NewEngland Courant，and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.”可知，《新英格兰报》是我们今天可能会承认的真正的报纸，因此它标志着报纸的出现。故选C。
22．What can we infer about the newspaper editors?
A．They often accept readers’ suggestions.
B．They care a lot about each other’s health.
C．They stop doing business with advertisers.
D．They face great difficulties in their business.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，报纸的编辑们见面的时候彼此问候是否还好，就像刚从医院出来或者刚败了一场官司一样，故可推知他们碰到很多困难。故选D。
23．How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers?
A．Satisfied. B．Hopeful.
C．Surprised. D．Worried.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据本文内容尤其是第三段第一句“Perhaps not，but the rise of the Internet，which has made...has brought about a real sense of death.”可知，作者对报纸的未来表示担忧。故选D。
话题：现代技术 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·内蒙古巴彦淖尔第一中学期中)
An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm.The station named Nemo’s Garden consists of five biospheres(生物圈) fixed to the bottom of the sea off the coast of Savona，Italy.They’re being used to grow strawberries，beans，garlic，and lettuce.
“The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming，including lack of fresh water，fertile soil，and extreme temperature changes，” said project spokesperson Luca Gamberini.
The five biospheres，currently floating between depths of 18 and 36 feet，are constantly watched by Ocean Reef Group—a diving equipment company—from a control center on dry land.According to various news reports，the plants are watered by drips of water on the inner walls of the biospheres.With a constant temperature of 79 degrees day and night，and humidity(湿度) at around 83 percent，the conditions are ideal for plants to grow well.The high amount of carbon dioxide also encourages growth.
Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy.In his own words，he wanted to do something that’s different and to show the beauty of the ocean.After two years of failed attempts，they finally were able to get these five biospheres working.Their success may lay the foundation for a new form of crop production that can be done without harming the environment.
In fact，the biosphere seems to be attracting wildlife.Octopuses(章鱼) and endangered seahorses are taking shelter under the structure，while crabs(螃蟹) are climbing up the anchors and into the greenhouses.None of the creatures have damaged the plants so far.“It’s so kind of sciencefiction to see these two different forms of life interact，” Gamberini said.
24．Why was the underwater farm created?
A．To help explore the sea.
B．To protect sea creatures.
C．To improve the sea environment.
D．To find a new way of growing crops.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming”可知，海底农场的建立就是为了创造新的种植庄稼的方式。故选D。
25．Sergio Gamberini got the idea of growing plants underwater .
A．by chance
B．from science fiction
C．after reading a news report
D．after two years of failed attempts
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy.”可知他是在去意大利过暑假的时候产生了这个想法，是突发奇想。故选A。
26．What is the text mainly about?
A．The undersea exploration.
B．Growing plants without soil.
C．A biosphere that attracts wildlife.
D．The world’s first underwater farm.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。文章的第一句就提到了本文的大意“An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm.”一家意大利的公司建造了世界上第一个海底农场，然后详细介绍了这个海底农场的相关情况。故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·云南玉溪一中期中)
It’s sometimes hard to understand a teenager.It’s even harder if a teenager doesn’t agree with you. 27
Listen to what the teenager has to say. 28 While you may not entirely agree with what he’s saying，the tension will be lessened if the teenager feels like you are listening and trying to understand him.Also，he might return the favor and give you the chance to talk as well.It’s best to have a conversation where both of your opinions matter rather than fight and possibly hurt each other in the process.
Understand that while the teenager may appear grown up and perhaps even sound matured，his mind has not fully developed，and he cannot think like an adult all the time. 29 However，this doesn’t mean you’re completely right or he deserves to be ridiculed or treated like a child.
30 However，remember that the teenager should understand when “no” is “no”．Avoid bringing up a compromise every time you disagree on something.This might teach him that he can always get away with what he wants，whenever he wants it.
If the conversation launches into an argument，stop it.Tell him that you both need to calm down and think clearly or the problem will never be solved.If he refuses to listen and continues arguing，step out of the room and allow time for both of you to settle down.Do not scold him or shout back.Your words will possibly be lost on the teenager since you both are too angry to listen to each other. 31
A．He still needs to learn，and he doesn’t know everything.
B．Avoid having a bad tone，including accusations in your words.
C．Find the good points the teenager has and mention the negative points too.
D．This article tells you how to disagree with a teenager in a kind manner.
E．People like being listened to，so give him the chance to express his opinion.
F．Come up with a compromise if the situation allows one.
G．Bring up the topic after a while and make sure you listen to each other patiently.
27．答案 D
解析 根据“It’s even harder if a teenager doesn’t agree with you.”以及下文内容可知这篇文章告诉你如何以一种友好的方式来反对青少年的不同观点。 故选D。
28．答案 E
解析 根据“Listen to what the teenager has to say.”以及“While you may not entirely agree with what he’s saying，the tension will be lessened if the teenager feels like you are listening and trying to understand him.”可知这里想说人们喜欢被倾听，所以给他机会来表达自己的观点。故选E。
29．答案 A
解析 根据“Understand that while the teenager may appear grown up and perhaps even sound matured，his mind has not fully developed，and he cannot think like an adult all the time.”以及“However，this doesn’t mean you’re completely right or he deserves to be ridiculed or treated like a child.”可知这里意思是他依然需要学习，他并不知道每件事情。故选A。
30．答案 F
解析 根据“Avoid bringing up a compromise every time you disagree on something.This might teach him that he can always get away with what he wants，whenever he wants it.”可知这里想说如果情况允许，可以提出一个折中的方案。故选F。
31．答案 G
解析 根据上文尤其是本段第一句可知这里想说过一会儿，再提出这个话题，并且要保证相互间要耐心地倾听。故选G。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2018·安徽安庆一中三模)
During the Nov.11 shopping event，many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge.But what normally 32 the shopping spree(疯狂购物) is not 33 but regret.That’s because many people just buy things to fill the 34 in their hearts，but accumulating things actually 35 the burden in their minds.
The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 36 to the problem.Danshari was based on three Chinese characters，duan she li， 37 refusal，disposal (清除) and separation.It promotes the idea of getting rid of 38 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 39 possessions.There are two basic rules that 40 whether you should keep something—the relationship between you and the item under 41 as well as the timing.So before you 42 your payment password for something，ask yourself two questions：Do I 43 it now? Does it suit me?
Danshari encourages you not only to 44 yourself things，but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them.Nowadays，people need to learn to 45 their daily lives.Buy only the necessities and 46 items，regularly 47 things you don’t need any more，then you’ll get freedom in your heart.
However，it doesn’t mean that you should 48 your desire and live a less interesting life.Instead，you should 49 yourself rather than material goods.Through 50 what to buy and what to get rid of，you can see a deeper reflection of yourself， 51 learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
语篇解读 本文主要讲了在双11时，人们往往疯狂地网购。疯狂购物过后，随之而来的并不是满意，而是后悔。“断舍离”的想法可能为这个问题提供了解决方法。通过选择买什么和丢弃什么，你可以看到一个更深层的自己。
32．A.prevents B．follows
C．starts D．promotes
答案 B
解析 但是一般跟在疯狂购物之后的，不是满意，而是后悔。prevent阻止；follow跟随；start开始；promote提升。
33．A.expectation B．wealth
C．satisfaction D．relief
答案 C
解析 参考上题解析。expectation期盼；wealth财富；satisfaction满意；relief安慰。
34．A.emptiness B．needs
C．silence D．space
答案 A
解析 那是因为许多人买东西，仅仅是为了填补他们内心的空虚。emptiness空虚；need需要；silence沉默；space空间。
35．A.measures B．covers
C．relieves D．indicates
答案 D
解析 但是，逐渐积累的东西实际上表明了他们思想的负担。measure测量；cover覆盖；relieve解除；indicate表明。
36．A.limit B．alternative
C．solution D．introduction
答案 C
解析 “断舍离”的想法可能为这个问题提供解决方法。limit限制；alternative可供选择的事物；solution解决办法；introduction介绍。
37．A.meaning B．abolishing
C．violating D．predicting
答案 A
解析 “断舍离”意思是拒绝、清除和分离。mean意思是；abolish废除；violate违背；predict预测。
38．A.updated B．temporary
C．used D．unnecessary
答案 D
解析 它提倡了这样的观点：丢弃不必要的东西，把自己从追求物质财富的内驱力中分离出来。updated更新的；temporary暂时的；used用过的；unnecessary不必要的。
39．A.private B．material
C．valuable D．popular
答案 B
解析 参考上题解析。private私人的；material物质的；valuable有价值的；popular流行的。
40．A.prove B．permit
C．decide D．affect
答案 C
解析 有两个基本的原则决定你是否应该保留一些东西。prove证明；permit允许；decide决定；affect影响。
41．A.guarantee B．consideration
C．control D．discussion
答案 B
解析 你要考虑和这件商品之间的关系。under consideration在考虑之中的。
42．A.change B．create
C．provide D．enter
答案 D
解析 所以在输入你的付款密码买东西之前，问你自己两个问题。change改变；create创造；provide提供；enter进入。
43．A.need B．try
C．want D．match
答案 A
解析 我现在需要吗？它适合我吗？need需要；try尝试；want想要；match匹配。
44．A.deny B．prepare
C．spare D．serve
答案 A
解析 “断舍离”不仅鼓励你自己拒绝物质的要求。deny拒绝，不允许；prepare准备；spare节约；serve招待。
45．A.fix B．risk
C．enrich D．simplify
答案 D
解析 当今，人们需要学会简化他们的日常生活。fix固定；risk冒……的危险；enrich使充实；simplify简化。
46．A.special B．cheap
C．suitable D．optional
答案 C
解析 仅仅买有必要的和适当的物品。special特别的；cheap便宜的；suitable合适的；optional可选择的。
47．A.discover B．recycle
C．update D．abandon
答案 D
解析 经常放弃你不再需要的东西。discover发现；recycle使再循环；update更新；abandon放弃。
48．A.fuel B．identify
C．kill D．balance
答案 C
解析 然而，这并不意味着你应该扼杀你的欲望，过一种无趣的生活。fuel供以燃料，加燃料；identify识别；kill扼杀；balance使平衡。
49．A.reflect on B．focus on
C．give up D．cheer up
答案 B
解析 相反，你应该关注你自己，而不是一些物质的东西。reflect on思考；focus on关注；give up放弃；cheer up高兴起来。
50．A.choosing B．avoiding
C．comparing D．mentioning
答案 A
解析 通过选择买什么和丢弃什么，你可以看到一个更深层的自己。choose选择；avoid避免；compare比较；mention提到。
51．A.rather B．otherwise
C．therefore D．still
答案 C
解析 因此，学会对更重要的事情做明智的决定。rather宁愿；otherwise否则；therefore因此；still仍然。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Western companies are trying to get creative with their Chinese names.McDonald’s has had a headache since it changed its name to Jingongmen，or “Golden Arches”．On Weibo，a microblogging site，some thought it 52. (sound) oldfashioned and awkward because it had meanings of furniture in Chinese.The fastfood chain was quick to reassure customers its 53. (restaurant) would continue to go by MaidangLao，a rough transliteration(音译) that has become 54. recognizable brand name.
But now for most companies 55. (enter) Chinese markets，transliterations are a thing of the past.Companies are choosing Chinese names 56. positive meanings to attract people’s attention，which often go beyond a direct translation.New companies are taking inspiration from BMW，which 57. (call) Baoma，or “treasure horse”．
The naming process is forcing companies to think harder about the most impressive image(形象) they want to create for Chinese markets.Lab brand tests the suggestions with focus groups,58. makes sure that the name has no negative(负面的) associations in any of the 59. (common) used Chinese dialects.
Perhaps thanks to those troubles，foreign firms are getting 60. (wise) to the importance of naming in China than ever.Meanwhile，Chinese companies are also seeking 61. (advise) on better foreign names in order to enter Western markets.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西方公司越来越重视在中国市场使用有创造性的中文名字来吸引人们的注意这一现象；同时也提及为进入西方市场，中国公司也在寻求起好外文名字的建议这一事实。
52．答案 sounded
解析 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，此处在宾语从句中作谓语，且后跟形容词作表语，再由主句中的thought可知，主句谓语动词用的是过去式，因此此处谓语动词也要用过去式。故填sounded。
53．答案 restaurants
解析 考查名词单复数。restaurant是可数名词；根据常识可知，(麦当劳的)快餐连锁店有很多，因此此处应用复数形式。故填restaurants。
54．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。此处表示“一个被认可的品牌名”，表示泛指，且recognizable发音以辅音音素开头，所以其前应用不定冠词a。
55．答案 entering/to enter
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处作定语，修饰most companies，动词enter与被修饰词most companies之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处动作可表示正在发生也可表示将要发生，所以可用现在分词也可用动词不定式作定语。故填entering/to enter。
56．答案 with
解析 考查介词。根据语境可知，公司正在选择具有积极意义的中文名字来吸引人们的注意。with意为“具有”，符合语境。故填with。
57．答案 is called
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。在该非限制性定语从句中，which指代的是前面的BMW，且在从句中作主语，所以这里应该是指BMW被叫作宝马，应用被动语态；又因此处指的是一般的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数第三人称。故填is called。
58．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子成分可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，且引导词指代前面主句的内容，在从句中作主语，故填which。
59．答案 commonly
解析 考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处修饰used，应用副词形式。故填commonly。
60．答案 wiser
解析 考查形容词的比较等级。根据本句中的连词than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填wiser。
61．答案 advice
解析 考查词性转换。及物动词seek后接名词作宾语，advise的名词形式是advice，为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故填advice。
Ⅶ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A Gift of Gold
It was the winter of 1937，just after Christmas.The Depression was still going on，but I was in good spirits.I was going to graduate from elementary school，but my mother still dressed me in shorts.Most of my classmates had given up wearing shorts.For the graduation ceremony，all the boys were expected to dress white shirts and darkblue wool pants.
I waited until a week before I told my mother.On a cold Monday afternoon I went home from school.
“Mom，” I said，“about graduation...”
“Yes？” she answered.
“They are going to give me the firstprize medal，”I said.
Still working over the stove，she looked over her shoulder at me and smiled broadly.“That’s wonderful，Babe.Dad and I will both be there，and we’ll be the proudest in the place.”
She must have seen by the look on my face that something was wrong.She turned her back and said，“So？”
“So，I have to get long pants，” I said.
“Babe，we don’t have the money for new pants right now，” she said.
“Okay，” I burst out.“Then I won’t go to graduation.Plus，I’m running away from home！”
“If I were you，I wouldn’t pack my bags.We’ll solve the pants problem somehow，” she said.
The following Saturday，when my mother said，“Let’s go shopping，”I knew that she had solved the problem.Then we left home.We took the trolley and got off at Southern Boulevard，the best shopping street.Our clothing store was just a couple of blocks away.
But first we walked a short way down the Boulevard and stopped at a place I had never noticed before.
“Wait here，”she said.Then she opened the door with the hand with a gold wedding ring on her ring finger and entered a storefront that looked like a bank.
She went out about ten minutes later with a purse in her left hand，and then we went to the pants store.I chose a pair of pants.After a patient bargain with the seller，my mother bought it at the price of three dollars and fifty cents and handed it to me.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
I was holding the pants tightly under my arm when my mother went to pay the money.
Paragraph 2：
We took the trolley back home.
参考范文
I was holding the pants tightly under my arm when my mother went to pay the money.I saw her take a tiny brown envelope from her purse，tear back the sealed flap and remove the contents.There were four brandnew onedollar bills inside.She carefully unfolded them and handed them to the seller.The seller gave my mother the fifty cents’ change.How did she manage to get such a large sum of money？Maybe my parents found new jobs with higher salary.
We took the trolley back home.Sitting next to my mother on the trolley，I had the window seat and looked out for most of the ride.I even imagined Father had come home early and prepared a wonderful meal.About halfway home，I shifted around in my seat to face forward.I glanced down at my mother’s hands folded across her purse，which was resting on her lap.It was then that I saw the gold wedding ring that had always circled the ring finger on her left hand was no longer there.
基础知识默写
1．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济(上)的→economist n．经济学家→economical adj.经济的，实惠的
2．congratulation n．祝贺→congratulate vt.祝贺
3．aboard adv.& prep.在船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上→board v．上船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)
4．welcome vt.& n．欢迎 adj.受欢迎的
5．historical adj.历史性的→historic adj.有历史意义的→history n．历史
6．achievement n．成就；功业；伟绩→achieve vt.取得；完成
7．replace vt.代替；取代→replacement n．代替；更换
8．delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的→delight n．快乐；愉快 vt.使高兴
9．actor n．演员→actress n．女演员→act v．表演→action n．行动；活动
10．evidence n．证据→evident adj.明显的，清楚的
11．cultural adj.文化的→culture n．文化
12．review n．评论 v．复习，评论
13．found vt.创立；建立→founder n．创始人
14．universe n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的；一般的→universally adv.普遍地
15．sailor n．船员；水手→sail vt.航行
16．produce vt.创作；生产→production n．生产；创作→product n．产品；产物
17．photograph n．照片→photographer n．摄影师→photography n．摄影
18．headline n．(新闻报道等的)标题
19．celebrity n．名人
20．orbit n．轨道；vt.绕轨道飞行
21．financial adj.金融的→finance n．财政；金融
22．capsule n．太空舱
23．alien n．外星人
24．amateur adj.业余的
25．telescope n．望远镜
26．politician n．政治家→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的
27．belief n．信念；信条→disbelief(反)n.不信，怀疑，疑惑→believe v．相信
28．in space在太空
29．in the history of...在……的历史上
30．take photographs of拍摄……
31．take off(飞机)起飞；脱掉；成功
32．in total总共；合计
33．be delighted to do sth.很高兴做某事
34．now that既然
35．believe in相信
36．concentrate on sth.专心于某事
37．be similar to和……相似
38．When Yang took off from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9 am yesterday，China became the third nation to send a man into space.
昨天上午九点，杨利伟在中国西北部的酒泉起飞，中国成为世界上第三个把人送入太空的国家。
39．Amateur astronomer David Bates was looking at the moon through his telescope last night when he got a big surprise.
昨天晚上，业余天文学家大卫·贝茨正在用天文望远镜观看月球，就在那时他有了一个惊人的发现。
40．Is this the first time he’s seen aliens landing on the moon？
这是他第一次看见外星人登上月球吗？
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．All the students are welcome(受欢迎的) to make comments and express their views about the film.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2．According to a review(评论) of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years longer than nonrunners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
3．China needs to undergo rapid economic(economy) development before a population decline hits the country.(2017·江苏)
4．We shared the belief(believe) that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
5．The researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced(替代) old products with new electronics.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
6．The students and teachers shared a great time.That surely gave us a great sense of achievement
(achieve)．(2017·北京)
7．So imagine my delight(快乐) when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
8．Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors(act)．(2017·全国Ⅱ)
9．That is only evidence(证据) that traditions once existed.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
10．Arts contribute to cultural(culture) development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.(2018·江苏)
11．One of the most famous theatres in Georgia，the Marjanishvili，founded(found) in 1928，appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
12．The 57yearold man becomes the first world leader to leave office as a direct result of the financial(finance) crisis.
13．That car went out of production(produce) five years ago.
14．Such problems are a universal(universe) feature of old age.
15．Historically(historical), there has always been a great deal of rivalry between the two families.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
China has been preparing to send two to three space laboratories 1.in total skyward.This is in preparation for its plan to build a space station 2.in space in 2020，according to Gu Yidong，a designer for China’s manned space program.Before its 3.taking off into space，China still needs some technological breakthroughs.The scientists 4.believe in their ability to solve them in a short period of time，which is why now，a group of experts 5.are concentrating on the breakthroughs.
6．Now that China is in the second phase of a threestep plan for its manned space flight program，the program website 7.is delighted to announce that two unmanned(无人) spaceships and five manned(载人) spaceships will be launched.The news media(媒体) will 8.take photographs of the launch at the scene.It will be a great moment 9.in the history of China space development.As for the construction of space station，China still faces difficulties that 10.are similar to what we are facing now in launching the space laboratories.We will continue to explore the unknown and we will make it!
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I was conducting a chemistry experiment when there was a sudden power failure.(be doing...when...)
我正在做一个化学实验，这时突然停电了。
2．He is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(the first...to do)
他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
3．It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen my lovely daughter.(It is the first time...)
这是我一年半以来第一次见到我可爱的女儿。
1．“太空”相关词汇集合
(1)spaceship n．宇宙飞船
(2)capsule n．太空舱
(3)orbit v．绕轨道飞行 n．轨道
(4)astronaut n．宇航员
(5)alien n．外星人
2．“明显的”大集合
(1)evident adj.明显的
(2)obvious adj.明显的，显然的
(3)apparent adj.显而易见的
(4)distinct adj.明显的
3．“总共；总计”短语汇总
(1)in total总共；总计
(2)in all总共；总计
(3)add up to加起来总共
(4)sum up 计算……的总数
4．盘点“很高兴做某事”
(1)be delighted to do sth.
(2)be glad to do sth.
(3)be happy to do sth.
(4)be pleased to do sth.
(5)have fun doing sth.
(1)congratulations (to sb.) on sth.就……(向某人)祝贺
Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)
(2)congratulate v．祝贺
congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺
(1)Congratulations on your happy marriage!
祝你婚姻幸福。
(2)You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。
易错点拨
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。
(2)congratulate的宾语是sb.而不是sth.，且该动词后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
(1)go/get aboard上车、船、飞机等
(2)board n．木板；董事会；委员会；膳食，伙食 v．寄宿；上船(飞机、火车、公共汽车等)
on board搭乘船(飞机、车等)；在船(飞机、车等)上
go on board上车、船、飞机等
(3)abroad adv.在/到国外
at home and abroad国内外
(4)broad adj.宽阔的；adv.宽阔地
[根据语境用aboard，board，broad，abroad填空]
(1)My brother has never been abroad before，so he is finding this trip very exciting.When the beautiful air hostess says，“Welcome aboard！”，he can’t wait to board the plane with a broad smile.
[完成句子]
(2)The passengers boarded/went on board/went aboard the plane(登机) at 9:00 a．m.
[熟词生义] 选择下列句子中abroad/board的汉语意思
(3)The happy tidings soon got abroad. A
(4)The cost of room and board at the university is high. B
A．(消息等)传开 B．膳食；伙食 C．国外
易错点拨 on board的基本意思是在某种交通工具上或搭乘某种交通工具，可用作形容词、副词、介词等。注意由于其本身可用作介词，所以其后可直接跟表示交通工具的名词，而无需在其后加介词of。如：go on board the train。
(1)a sense of achievement成就感
make great achievements取得巨大的成功
(2)achieve vt.完成；达到
achieve one’s aims/goals达到目标
achieve success获得成功
(1)Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement(成就感)．
(2)He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams(实现我们的梦想)．
(2016·江苏)
(3)In the last few years，China has made great achievements(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.
易错点拨 achievement作“完成，达到”解时为不可数名词；作“成就，功绩”解时是可数名词。
(1)replace...with/by...用……替换……
(2)in place of代替
take one’s place代替；就座
take the place of代替
(3)replacement n．代替；取代；更换；替代的人(物)
(1)I’m going to replace my old car with/by a new one.
(2)As I wandered around，I was a little disappointed to see the old buildings had been replaced(replace) with new highrise ones.(2018·吉林长春四模)
(3)[一句多译] 我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
①Our monitor will take the place of our head teacher to attend the meeting.
②Our monitor will attend the meeting in place of our head teacher.
③Our monitor will take our head teacher’s place to attend the meeting.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中replace的汉语意思
(4)She replaced the book on the shelf. C
A．代替 B．替换 C．把……放回原处
(1)be delighted at/with sth./to do sth.为(做)某事而高兴
(2)delight n．高兴；令人高兴的事；乐趣 vt.使高兴；使欣喜
to one’s delight＝to the delight of sb.使某人高兴的是
with delight高兴地
take delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事为乐
delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事为乐
delight sb.with sth.用某物使某人高兴
(3)delightful adj.令人愉快的，使人高兴的
(1)His wife told reporters that she was delighted with/at his new look and that it made him look kind and handsome.(2018·安徽马鞍山二模)
(2)The gardens show the human spirit of architecture，poetry and painting，so that today their delightful(delight) creativity，lines and rhythm can be imagined by everyone.
(3)The classic Walt Disney story already sounds like it’ll be a delight for both children and adults.
(2018·内蒙古赤峰模拟)
(4)To my delight(令我高兴的是)，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
(5)We delight in/take delight in(乐于) going for long walks in the country.
易错点拨 现代英语中不存在delighting这个形容词，所以不要用它来表示delightful的意思。
evident adj.明显的；显然的
It is evident that...……是明显的。
(1)It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty.
(2)Jim said there was no clear evidence that they meant to cheat investors.
易错点拨 evidence是不可数名词，不连用不定冠词，也不用复数，要表示几条证据，要借助piece：several pieces of evidence几条证据。
(1)a total of总数为……
the total of ……的总数
(2)total up把……加起来
(3)totally adv.完全；全部地；整个地
(1)In total(总的来说)，25% of India’s workingage population has no education.(2017·江苏)
(2)A total of 3,000 letters were/was received(receive) last month.
(3)The total of this month’s sales is(be) up 20%.
(4)Meanwhile，a total of 490,000 foreigners(foreign) from 204 countries and regions studied in China in 2017.
易错点拨 a total of和the total of不同，前者意为“总数为……”，若用作主语，谓语动词通常用复数(若作为整体也可用单数)；后者意为“……的总数”，若用作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。
(1)believe it or not信不信由你
It is believed that...人们相信……
(2)belief n．看法；信念
have belief in sth./sb.相信/信仰……
beyond (one’s) belief难以置信
hold the belief that持有……的观点
It is one’s belief that...某人相信……
(1)I don’t believe you，for I don’t believe in you.
我不相信你的话，因为我并不信任你。
(2)People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.
人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。
(3)I have no belief in his promise.
我不相信他的许诺。
[同义句改写]
(4)I believe that good manners are very important to everybody.
→It is my belief that good manners are very important to everybody.
(5)It is believed that he has told the truth.
→He is believed to have told the truth.
易错点拨 belief后跟介词in，表示“相信……”；也经常接that引导的名词性从句。
Is this the first time he’s seen aliens landing on the moon？这是他第一次看见外星人登上月球吗？
(1)句式“This/It is/was the first/second/.../last time＋that从句”，表示“这是第一/第二/……/最后一次……”。其中，that引导的是定语从句，that在口语中常省略。从句通常用现在完成时和过去完成时。
(2)It is time (for sb.) to do sth.表示“该是(某人)做某事的时候了”。
(3)It is (high/about) time＋that...表示“该做……”，that从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”或动词的过去式，should不可省略。
(1)It was the third time that he had asked(ask) the same question.这是他第三次问同一个问题了。
(2)It’s time for you to go(go) to watch the swimming competition.你该去看游泳比赛了。
(3)It is high time that we took/should take effective measures to control the environment pollution.
该是我们采取有效措施来控制环境污染的时候了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The livingroom television is replaced(replace) and gets planted in the kids’ room.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．She plans to start a foundation(found) for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.(2016·江苏)
3．The visitors to the college were welcomed(welcome) yesterday.
4．The number of the unemployed is on the rise owing to the financial(finance) crisis.
5．She said，“This is the first time that I have seen(see) the moonlight since I came here.”
6．If I have any further information about the paint，you will be the first to know(know) it.
7．Despite all the difficulties，the mother raised her children in an unusual way.
8．The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence(evident) of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
9．She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
10．Most of the men who now gathered round him again were similarly(similar) dressed up for the coming celebration.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于太空探索)
1．据报道，在2013年6月11号，“神州”十号发射成功，总共三名宇航员登上“神州”十号，包括王亚平。(It is reported that...)
2．她是第一位在绕轨道飞行时在太空舱进行太空授课的女宇航员。(the first to do；while＋v.ing)
3．很明显，这次航行在中国历史上很重要。(It was evident that...)
4．“神州”十号发射成功后，很多国家领导人向全体人员取得的成就表示祝贺。
5．我相信我们的科学家，并坚信到2020年会建成太空实验室。(hold the firm belief that句型)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．It is reported that on June 11,2013，Shenzhou X took off successfully with three astronauts aboard in total，including Wang Yaping.12.She was the first woman astronaut to give a video lecture in space while orbiting in the capsule.13.It was evident that the flight was of great importance in the history of China.After the success of Shenzhou X，many state leaders offered their 14.congratulations to the staff on their achievements.I 15.believe in our scientists and 16.hold the firm belief that our space laboratory will be founded in 2020.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·湖南三十四校联考)
Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists：
Scientist A：I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI，though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years.We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems.However，no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans.They may help us，ignore us or destroy us.I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives，but whether that is true will be partly up to us.
Scientist B：I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me.Even now，scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own.At some point in the near future，their intelligence may well take off and develop at an everincreasing speed.Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted.In the short term，there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest.In the long term，machines might decide the world would be better without humans.
Scientist C：I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls(头骨) and think of what’s happening right now：military machines like drones，gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input.The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans.We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.
17．What is Scientist B worried about?
A．AI technology will destroy the earth.
B．Computers can’t think by themselves.
C．Robots will take the place of humans.
D．Humans will be unhappy without machines.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the short term，there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。
18．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.
B．The movie image of a terrifying Terminator.
C．“Murderbots” can’t decide by themselves.
D．“Murderbots” will be against humans’ orders.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’ following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.”可知，自动“杀人机器人”服从人类的命令，但最后杀死谁由他们自己决定。句中this指“杀人机器人不服从人类的命令”。故选D。
19．Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?
A．Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.
B．The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.
C．“Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.
D．All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the short term，there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。也就是说，未来人工智能技术将会影响就业。故选B。
20．Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?
A．Scientist A. B．Scientist B.
C．Scientists B & C. D．Scientists B & A.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能的积极因素比消极因素多。根据第三段中的“...there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest.”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans.We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能的消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。
话题：历史 难度星级：☆☆
The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years.In 1721，the printer James Franklin，Benjamin’s older brother，started The NewEngland Courant，and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.He filled his paper with stories of adventure，articles on art，on famous people，and on all sorts of political subjects.
Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin’s Courant，few believe that newspapers in their present printed form will remain alive for long.Newspaper companies are losing advertisers，readers，market value，and in some cases，their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have been imaginable just several years ago.The chief editor of The Times said recently，“At places where they gather，editors ask one another，‘How are you？’，as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case.” An article about the newspaper appeared on the website of The Guardian，under the headline “NOT DEAD YET.”
Perhaps not，but the rise of the Internet，which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world，has brought about a real sense of death.Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years.The New York Times Company has seen its stock(股票) drop by 54% since the end of 2004，with much of the loss coming in the past year.A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stockholders sell off their Times stock.The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education；its testing and testpreparation service now brings in at least half the company’s income.
21．What can we learn about The NewEngland Courant?
A．It is mainly about the stock market.
B．It carries articles by political leaders.
C．It marks the beginning of newspapers.
D．It remains a successful newspaper in America.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“...started The NewEngland Courant，and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.”可知，《新英格兰报》是我们今天可能会承认的真正的报纸，因此它标志着报纸的出现。故选C。
22．What can we infer about the newspaper editors?
A．They often accept readers’ suggestions.
B．They care a lot about each other’s health.
C．They stop doing business with advertisers.
D．They face great difficulties in their business.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，报纸的编辑们见面的时候彼此问候是否还好，就像刚从医院出来或者刚败了一场官司一样，故可推知他们碰到很多困难。故选D。
23．How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers?
A．Satisfied. B．Hopeful.
C．Surprised. D．Worried.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据本文内容尤其是第三段第一句“Perhaps not，but the rise of the Internet，which has made...has brought about a real sense of death.”可知，作者对报纸的未来表示担忧。故选D。
话题：现代技术 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·内蒙古巴彦淖尔第一中学期中)
An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm.The station named Nemo’s Garden consists of five biospheres(生物圈) fixed to the bottom of the sea off the coast of Savona，Italy.They’re being used to grow strawberries，beans，garlic，and lettuce.
“The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming，including lack of fresh water，fertile soil，and extreme temperature changes，” said project spokesperson Luca Gamberini.
The five biospheres，currently floating between depths of 18 and 36 feet，are constantly watched by Ocean Reef Group—a diving equipment company—from a control center on dry land.According to various news reports，the plants are watered by drips of water on the inner walls of the biospheres.With a constant temperature of 79 degrees day and night，and humidity(湿度) at around 83 percent，the conditions are ideal for plants to grow well.The high amount of carbon dioxide also encourages growth.
Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy.In his own words，he wanted to do something that’s different and to show the beauty of the ocean.After two years of failed attempts，they finally were able to get these five biospheres working.Their success may lay the foundation for a new form of crop production that can be done without harming the environment.
In fact，the biosphere seems to be attracting wildlife.Octopuses(章鱼) and endangered seahorses are taking shelter under the structure，while crabs(螃蟹) are climbing up the anchors and into the greenhouses.None of the creatures have damaged the plants so far.“It’s so kind of sciencefiction to see these two different forms of life interact，” Gamberini said.
24．Why was the underwater farm created?
A．To help explore the sea.
B．To protect sea creatures.
C．To improve the sea environment.
D．To find a new way of growing crops.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming”可知，海底农场的建立就是为了创造新的种植庄稼的方式。故选D。
25．Sergio Gamberini got the idea of growing plants underwater .
A．by chance
B．from science fiction
C．after reading a news report
D．after two years of failed attempts
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy.”可知他是在去意大利过暑假的时候产生了这个想法，是突发奇想。故选A。
26．What is the text mainly about?
A．The undersea exploration.
B．Growing plants without soil.
C．A biosphere that attracts wildlife.
D．The world’s first underwater farm.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。文章的第一句就提到了本文的大意“An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm.”一家意大利的公司建造了世界上第一个海底农场，然后详细介绍了这个海底农场的相关情况。故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·云南玉溪一中期中)
It’s sometimes hard to understand a teenager.It’s even harder if a teenager doesn’t agree with you. 27
Listen to what the teenager has to say. 28 While you may not entirely agree with what he’s saying，the tension will be lessened if the teenager feels like you are listening and trying to understand him.Also，he might return the favor and give you the chance to talk as well.It’s best to have a conversation where both of your opinions matter rather than fight and possibly hurt each other in the process.
Understand that while the teenager may appear grown up and perhaps even sound matured，his mind has not fully developed，and he cannot think like an adult all the time. 29 However，this doesn’t mean you’re completely right or he deserves to be ridiculed or treated like a child.
30 However，remember that the teenager should understand when “no” is “no”．Avoid bringing up a compromise every time you disagree on something.This might teach him that he can always get away with what he wants，whenever he wants it.
If the conversation launches into an argument，stop it.Tell him that you both need to calm down and think clearly or the problem will never be solved.If he refuses to listen and continues arguing，step out of the room and allow time for both of you to settle down.Do not scold him or shout back.Your words will possibly be lost on the teenager since you both are too angry to listen to each other. 31
A．He still needs to learn，and he doesn’t know everything.
B．Avoid having a bad tone，including accusations in your words.
C．Find the good points the teenager has and mention the negative points too.
D．This article tells you how to disagree with a teenager in a kind manner.
E．People like being listened to，so give him the chance to express his opinion.
F．Come up with a compromise if the situation allows one.
G．Bring up the topic after a while and make sure you listen to each other patiently.
27．答案 D
解析 根据“It’s even harder if a teenager doesn’t agree with you.”以及下文内容可知这篇文章告诉你如何以一种友好的方式来反对青少年的不同观点。 故选D。
28．答案 E
解析 根据“Listen to what the teenager has to say.”以及“While you may not entirely agree with what he’s saying，the tension will be lessened if the teenager feels like you are listening and trying to understand him.”可知这里想说人们喜欢被倾听，所以给他机会来表达自己的观点。故选E。
29．答案 A
解析 根据“Understand that while the teenager may appear grown up and perhaps even sound matured，his mind has not fully developed，and he cannot think like an adult all the time.”以及“However，this doesn’t mean you’re completely right or he deserves to be ridiculed or treated like a child.”可知这里意思是他依然需要学习，他并不知道每件事情。故选A。
30．答案 F
解析 根据“Avoid bringing up a compromise every time you disagree on something.This might teach him that he can always get away with what he wants，whenever he wants it.”可知这里想说如果情况允许，可以提出一个折中的方案。故选F。
31．答案 G
解析 根据上文尤其是本段第一句可知这里想说过一会儿，再提出这个话题，并且要保证相互间要耐心地倾听。故选G。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2018·安徽安庆一中三模)
During the Nov.11 shopping event，many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge.But what normally 32 the shopping spree(疯狂购物) is not 33 but regret.That’s because many people just buy things to fill the 34 in their hearts，but accumulating things actually 35 the burden in their minds.
The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 36 to the problem.Danshari was based on three Chinese characters，duan she li， 37 refusal，disposal (清除) and separation.It promotes the idea of getting rid of 38 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 39 possessions.There are two basic rules that 40 whether you should keep something—the relationship between you and the item under 41 as well as the timing.So before you 42 your payment password for something，ask yourself two questions：Do I 43 it now? Does it suit me?
Danshari encourages you not only to 44 yourself things，but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them.Nowadays，people need to learn to 45 their daily lives.Buy only the necessities and 46 items，regularly 47 things you don’t need any more，then you’ll get freedom in your heart.
However，it doesn’t mean that you should 48 your desire and live a less interesting life.Instead，you should 49 yourself rather than material goods.Through 50 what to buy and what to get rid of，you can see a deeper reflection of yourself， 51 learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
语篇解读 本文主要讲了在双11时，人们往往疯狂地网购。疯狂购物过后，随之而来的并不是满意，而是后悔。“断舍离”的想法可能为这个问题提供了解决方法。通过选择买什么和丢弃什么，你可以看到一个更深层的自己。
32．A.prevents B．follows
C．starts D．promotes
答案 B
解析 但是一般跟在疯狂购物之后的，不是满意，而是后悔。prevent阻止；follow跟随；start开始；promote提升。
33．A.expectation B．wealth
C．satisfaction D．relief
答案 C
解析 参考上题解析。expectation期盼；wealth财富；satisfaction满意；relief安慰。
34．A.emptiness B．needs
C．silence D．space
答案 A
解析 那是因为许多人买东西，仅仅是为了填补他们内心的空虚。emptiness空虚；need需要；silence沉默；space空间。
35．A.measures B．covers
C．relieves D．indicates
答案 D
解析 但是，逐渐积累的东西实际上表明了他们思想的负担。measure测量；cover覆盖；relieve解除；indicate表明。
36．A.limit B．alternative
C．solution D．introduction
答案 C
解析 “断舍离”的想法可能为这个问题提供解决方法。limit限制；alternative可供选择的事物；solution解决办法；introduction介绍。
37．A.meaning B．abolishing
C．violating D．predicting
答案 A
解析 “断舍离”意思是拒绝、清除和分离。mean意思是；abolish废除；violate违背；predict预测。
38．A.updated B．temporary
C．used D．unnecessary
答案 D
解析 它提倡了这样的观点：丢弃不必要的东西，把自己从追求物质财富的内驱力中分离出来。updated更新的；temporary暂时的；used用过的；unnecessary不必要的。
39．A.private B．material
C．valuable D．popular
答案 B
解析 参考上题解析。private私人的；material物质的；valuable有价值的；popular流行的。
40．A.prove B．permit
C．decide D．affect
答案 C
解析 有两个基本的原则决定你是否应该保留一些东西。prove证明；permit允许；decide决定；affect影响。
41．A.guarantee B．consideration
C．control D．discussion
答案 B
解析 你要考虑和这件商品之间的关系。under consideration在考虑之中的。
42．A.change B．create
C．provide D．enter
答案 D
解析 所以在输入你的付款密码买东西之前，问你自己两个问题。change改变；create创造；provide提供；enter进入。
43．A.need B．try
C．want D．match
答案 A
解析 我现在需要吗？它适合我吗？need需要；try尝试；want想要；match匹配。
44．A.deny B．prepare
C．spare D．serve
答案 A
解析 “断舍离”不仅鼓励你自己拒绝物质的要求。deny拒绝，不允许；prepare准备；spare节约；serve招待。
45．A.fix B．risk
C．enrich D．simplify
答案 D
解析 当今，人们需要学会简化他们的日常生活。fix固定；risk冒……的危险；enrich使充实；simplify简化。
46．A.special B．cheap
C．suitable D．optional
答案 C
解析 仅仅买有必要的和适当的物品。special特别的；cheap便宜的；suitable合适的；optional可选择的。
47．A.discover B．recycle
C．update D．abandon
答案 D
解析 经常放弃你不再需要的东西。discover发现；recycle使再循环；update更新；abandon放弃。
48．A.fuel B．identify
C．kill D．balance
答案 C
解析 然而，这并不意味着你应该扼杀你的欲望，过一种无趣的生活。fuel供以燃料，加燃料；identify识别；kill扼杀；balance使平衡。
49．A.reflect on B．focus on
C．give up D．cheer up
答案 B
解析 相反，你应该关注你自己，而不是一些物质的东西。reflect on思考；focus on关注；give up放弃；cheer up高兴起来。
50．A.choosing B．avoiding
C．comparing D．mentioning
答案 A
解析 通过选择买什么和丢弃什么，你可以看到一个更深层的自己。choose选择；avoid避免；compare比较；mention提到。
51．A.rather B．otherwise
C．therefore D．still
答案 C
解析 因此，学会对更重要的事情做明智的决定。rather宁愿；otherwise否则；therefore因此；still仍然。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Western companies are trying to get creative with their Chinese names.McDonald’s has had a headache since it changed its name to Jingongmen，or “Golden Arches”．On Weibo，a microblogging site，some thought it 52. (sound) oldfashioned and awkward because it had meanings of furniture in Chinese.The fastfood chain was quick to reassure customers its 53. (restaurant) would continue to go by MaidangLao，a rough transliteration(音译) that has become 54. recognizable brand name.
But now for most companies 55. (enter) Chinese markets，transliterations are a thing of the past.Companies are choosing Chinese names 56. positive meanings to attract people’s attention，which often go beyond a direct translation.New companies are taking inspiration from BMW，which 57. (call) Baoma，or “treasure horse”．
The naming process is forcing companies to think harder about the most impressive image(形象) they want to create for Chinese markets.Lab brand tests the suggestions with focus groups,58. makes sure that the name has no negative(负面的) associations in any of the 59. (common) used Chinese dialects.
Perhaps thanks to those troubles，foreign firms are getting 60. (wise) to the importance of naming in China than ever.Meanwhile，Chinese companies are also seeking 61. (advise) on better foreign names in order to enter Western markets.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西方公司越来越重视在中国市场使用有创造性的中文名字来吸引人们的注意这一现象；同时也提及为进入西方市场，中国公司也在寻求起好外文名字的建议这一事实。
52．答案 sounded
解析 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，此处在宾语从句中作谓语，且后跟形容词作表语，再由主句中的thought可知，主句谓语动词用的是过去式，因此此处谓语动词也要用过去式。故填sounded。
53．答案 restaurants
解析 考查名词单复数。restaurant是可数名词；根据常识可知，(麦当劳的)快餐连锁店有很多，因此此处应用复数形式。故填restaurants。
54．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。此处表示“一个被认可的品牌名”，表示泛指，且recognizable发音以辅音音素开头，所以其前应用不定冠词a。
55．答案 entering/to enter
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处作定语，修饰most companies，动词enter与被修饰词most companies之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处动作可表示正在发生也可表示将要发生，所以可用现在分词也可用动词不定式作定语。故填entering/to enter。
56．答案 with
解析 考查介词。根据语境可知，公司正在选择具有积极意义的中文名字来吸引人们的注意。with意为“具有”，符合语境。故填with。
57．答案 is called
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。在该非限制性定语从句中，which指代的是前面的BMW，且在从句中作主语，所以这里应该是指BMW被叫作宝马，应用被动语态；又因此处指的是一般的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数第三人称。故填is called。
58．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子成分可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，且引导词指代前面主句的内容，在从句中作主语，故填which。
59．答案 commonly
解析 考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处修饰used，应用副词形式。故填commonly。
60．答案 wiser
解析 考查形容词的比较等级。根据本句中的连词than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填wiser。
61．答案 advice
解析 考查词性转换。及物动词seek后接名词作宾语，advise的名词形式是advice，为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故填advice。
Ⅶ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A Gift of Gold
It was the winter of 1937，just after Christmas.The Depression was still going on，but I was in good spirits.I was going to graduate from elementary school，but my mother still dressed me in shorts.Most of my classmates had given up wearing shorts.For the graduation ceremony，all the boys were expected to dress white shirts and darkblue wool pants.
I waited until a week before I told my mother.On a cold Monday afternoon I went home from school.
“Mom，” I said，“about graduation...”
“Yes？” she answered.
“They are going to give me the firstprize medal，”I said.
Still working over the stove，she looked over her shoulder at me and smiled broadly.“That’s wonderful，Babe.Dad and I will both be there，and we’ll be the proudest in the place.”
She must have seen by the look on my face that something was wrong.She turned her back and said，“So？”
“So，I have to get long pants，” I said.
“Babe，we don’t have the money for new pants right now，” she said.
“Okay，” I burst out.“Then I won’t go to graduation.Plus，I’m running away from home！”
“If I were you，I wouldn’t pack my bags.We’ll solve the pants problem somehow，” she said.
The following Saturday，when my mother said，“Let’s go shopping，”I knew that she had solved the problem.Then we left home.We took the trolley and got off at Southern Boulevard，the best shopping street.Our clothing store was just a couple of blocks away.
But first we walked a short way down the Boulevard and stopped at a place I had never noticed before.
“Wait here，”she said.Then she opened the door with the hand with a gold wedding ring on her ring finger and entered a storefront that looked like a bank.
She went out about ten minutes later with a purse in her left hand，and then we went to the pants store.I chose a pair of pants.After a patient bargain with the seller，my mother bought it at the price of three dollars and fifty cents and handed it to me.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
I was holding the pants tightly under my arm when my mother went to pay the money.
Paragraph 2：
We took the trolley back home.
参考范文
I was holding the pants tightly under my arm when my mother went to pay the money.I saw her take a tiny brown envelope from her purse，tear back the sealed flap and remove the contents.There were four brandnew onedollar bills inside.She carefully unfolded them and handed them to the seller.The seller gave my mother the fifty cents’ change.How did she manage to get such a large sum of money？Maybe my parents found new jobs with higher salary.
We took the trolley back home.Sitting next to my mother on the trolley，I had the window seat and looked out for most of the ride.I even imagined Father had come home early and prepared a wonderful meal.About halfway home，I shifted around in my seat to face forward.I glanced down at my mother’s hands folded across her purse，which was resting on her lap.It was then that I saw the gold wedding ring that had always circled the ring finger on her left hand was no longer there.
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