必修1 Unit4 Earthquakes（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

必修1 Unit4 Earthquakes

基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. Buried in the movie Wolf Warrior Ⅱ, he didn’t hear the noise outside. 
2. You will ruin your future if you continue to be so foolish. 
3. I’d like to express my thanks to all those who have helped me. 
4. That France won 2018 FIFA World Cup is one of the greatest events in 2018.
5. The parents were more than grateful to the man who rescued their son from drowning.
6. More shelter for the homeless should be built in some big cities. 
7. 【2016浙江卷】It is important to pay your electricity (电) bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.
8. Two of history’s worst natural disasters (灾难) occurred in that year. 
9. The storm didn’t cause much damage (损失) to this small village.
10. I sincerely (真诚地) believe that this is the right decision you’ve made.

Ⅱ.单句填空

1. Judging from his looks, he must be an honest man. On the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)
2. In the crash he was seriously injured. He suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.(injure) 
3. After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)
4. The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate) 
5. It is the sufferings (suffer) I’ve gone through that make me stronger.
6. She found it was extremely (extreme) difficult to get a job. 
7. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy).
8. We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday. (shock).
9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped (trap) in the mountains for two days.
10. It was so funny a joke that we couldn’t help bursting into laughter. 

Ⅲ.短语检测

1. The big music theatre has seats in the open air (在室外).
2. 【2019天津卷】We succeed in our field of specialization and then are trapped in (被困在) it.
3. 【2018浙江卷】By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it right away (立刻). 
4. 【2013山东卷】Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut off (隔离) from the outside world.
5. In fifteen terrible seconds, a large city in ruins (沦为废墟).
6. I didn’t persuade them to do the experiment in that way; you know, they thought little of (不把……当回事) my suggestion. 
7. — A great number of (大量的) books have been stolen from the library, haven’t they? 

—Yes. The number of (数目) them is 26,000. 

8. The war in that country was at an end (结束), so the people there were very happy.
9. The workmen dug out (挖出) a deep channel for the water last year. 
10. Judging from (根据……判断) his appearance, the manager must be well over fifty. 
11. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if (似乎) I did it? 
12. No words are strong enough/Words fail to express my thanks (表达我的感谢) for the great efforts you have done for me. 

Ⅳ.重点句型

1. To tell the truth, I was too tired to move (move). 
2. 【2015广东】One day, the cow was eating (eat) grass when it began to rain heavily.
3. He looks as if he didn’t recognize (not recognize) his friend. He is walking in such a hurry.
4. Never have I seen (我看到) a situation which made him so angry. 
5. 【2014全国II卷书面表达】By the year I am 28 years old, I may have a beautiful wife and even a lovely child, both of whom (他们两个) I would love very much. 
6. All the students do not know how to deal with the problem.

Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 

7. Both of them aren’t allowed in this room.

Not both of them are allowed in this room.

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

   At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at  1 an  end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city one of the  2 greatest (great) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing,  3 which  is more than two hundred kilometres away. One third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide  4 cut  (cut) across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay  5 in  ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two  6 thirds  (three) of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many  7 children  (child) were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or  8 seriously (serious) injured reached more than 400,000. 

   All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams  9 to dig (dig) out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes  10 had been destroyed (destroy).

必修1 Unit4 Earthquakes

提升练

I. 阅读理解

A

【2016江苏】El Niño, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.

   The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niño, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth is greater than the fall in poor ones.

   But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.

   The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk- reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.

   Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr. Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.

1. What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1?

A. It is named after a South American fisherman.

B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.

C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.

D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.

2. What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?

A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.

B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.

C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.

D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.

3. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that         .

A. more investment should go to risk reduction 

B. governments of poor countries need more aid

C. victims of El Niño deserve more compensation 

D. recovery and reconstruction should come first

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To introduce El Niño and its origin.   B. To explain the consequences of El Niño.

C. To show ways of fighting against El Niño. D. To urge people to prepare for El Niño.

B

【2016北京卷】   Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)

   Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.

   On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.

   When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.

   In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.

   “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”

   Natalie’s choice was to help.

   She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.

   In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.

   Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”

5. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found      .

A. some friends had lost their lives   B. her neighborhood was destroyed

C. her school had moved to Brooklyn  D. the elderly were free from suffering

6. According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?

A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild 

B. The people trapped in high-rise building

C. The volunteers donating money to survivors 

D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people

7. How did Natalie help the survivors?

A. She gave her toys to the kids    B. She took care of younger children

C. She called on the White House to help  D. She built an information sharing platform

8. What does the story intend to tell us?

A. Little people can make a big difference  B. A friend in need is a friend indeed

C. East or West, home is best     D. Technology is power

C

【2020青岛市质量检测】Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there were also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many human－interest stories during my career. That’s why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.

   When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn’t sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.

   The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4,200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.

   The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”

9. What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?

A. They volunteered to make bread for their community.

B. They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.

C. They felt sorry that they couldn’t escape from the store.

D. They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.

10. Which of the following best explains “forlorn” underlined in the last  paragraph?

A. Fortunate.    B. Hopeful.    C. Shallow.     D. Desperate.

11. What can we infer from the text?

A. Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.

B. Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.

C. The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.

D. The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.

12. What can be the best title for the text?

A. A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in Houston

B. Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big Disaster

C. All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in Houston

D. Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane Harvey

D

【2019黑龙江省高三仿真模拟】 Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lived at the National Zoo in Washington D.C. And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she was not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan(猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.

“It’s very different from their normal call,” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs(monkey-like animals of Madagascar)will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.”

But you can’t see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens. Maybe you can—if you’re an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing,” said Brandie Smith. “That’s part of their special abilities. They’re more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”

Primates weren’t the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard(蜥蜴)ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes(a kind of birds)gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.

So what kind of vibrations(震动)were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves—a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” stands for “secondary”. She thinks the “P” wave might be what sets the animals off.

Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith said the zoo’s giant pandas didn’t jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I’m not surprised at all,” Smith said.

13. Why did Mandara act strangely one day?

A. Because it sensed something unusual would happen.

B. Because its daughter Kibibi was injured.

C. Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call.

D. Because an earthquake had happened.

14. According to Brandie Smith, ___________.

A. many animals’ hearing is sharp

B. earthquakes produce two types of waves

C. primates usually gather together before a quake

D. humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake

15. Which animal seems unable to sense a quake?

A. A giant panda.  B. A flamingo.  C. A lemur.   D. A lizard.

16. What is the best title for the passage?

A. How animals survive a quake

B. How animals differ from humans

C. How animals behave before a quake

D. How animals protect their young in a quake

Ⅱ.完形填空

【2020济南市质量针对检测】 When I was young, my understanding of life was simple. This made it  17  for me to deal with the world around me. As I grew up, things seemed more   18  , which made life more challenging. Now, middle­aged, I find my   19   of the world is returning to the simple.

   When I try to teach my daughter important   20   about life, I will break complicated things down into small pieces. One of those basics is   21  , for yourself, and for others. I teach my daughter to try. To fail feels bad,   22  , but not to have tried feels worse, because you can’t respect yourself for it. And as the saying   23  , “if you don’t respect yourself, no one else will.”

   When I was seven or eight, I played at my cousin’s house with his toys, and he had many more toys. There was one in particular that I’d always wanted, and I   24   it into my pocket. But a moment later, I   25  , even at that age, that I would never enjoy playing with the toy. I would always know I had   26  , and my opinion of myself would suffer. When his mother dropped me off later that day, I shamefacedly   27   out the toy and gave it back.

   I hope to help my daughter avoid similar  28 . She first has to gain self-respect  29  she can start respecting others. I believe in respect, because   30  it we’re all enemies. I’m not   31   in this regard, far from it. But I try my best, and I respect others for trying their best in this changing world.  

17. A. funnier     B. easier    C. safer     D. deeper
18. A. important    B. reasonable   C. fragile     D. complex
19. A. view     B. experience   C. aim     D. expectation
20. A. basics     B. facts    C. subjects    D. choices
21. A. passion     B. love     C. respect     D. desire
22. A. certainly    B. eventually   C. personally    D. willingly
23. A. runs     B. goes    C. writes     D. follows
24. A. fetched     B. arranged    C. slipped     D. fitted
25. A. doubted     B. promised   C. questioned    D. sensed
26. A. lied      B. stolen    C. changed    D. cheated
27. A. gave     B. left     C. pulled     D. handed
28. A. accidents    B. mistakes    C. results     D. habits
29. A. before     B. until    C. in case     D. now that
30. A. upon     B. beyond    C. without     D. despite
31. A. honest     B. casual    C. curious     D. perfect