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2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book3 Unit2 Language
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Book 3 Unit 2 Language
晨读暮诵 单元话题——语言学习
1．benefit v．受益
2．standard n．标准
3．master v．精通；掌握
4．fluent adj.流利的
5．extensive adj.大量的；广泛的
6．vital adj.极重要的
7．grasp v．掌握
8．beneficial adj.有益的
9．practise v．练习
10．official adj.官方的；正式的
11．expression n．词语；表达
12．vocabulary n．词汇
13．gradually adv.逐渐地
14．a large number of大量的
15．attitude to learning学习态度
16．develop one's interest培养兴趣
17．be popular with受……欢迎
18．have an advantage over在……有优势
19．English evening parties 英语晚会
20．get/take the first place in the English speech contest
在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名
1．Only by doing so can you enlarge your vocabulary more easily.
只有这么做，你才能更容易地扩大你的词汇量。
2．Having a good knowledge of English can make our dream come true.
掌握好英语能使我们梦想成真。
3．Therefore，a good command of English will greatly benefit me in my work.
因此，善于运用英语能够让我的工作受益匪浅。
4．In the competition for a wellpaid job，the one who can speak fluent English has an advantage over those who cannot.
在竞争高收入工作的时候，会说流利英语的人就比不会说英语的人有优势。
5．Due to his hard work，he got a full mark for the English competition yesterday.
由于努力学习，昨天的英语竞赛他得了满分。
(2015·高考四川卷)假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1．表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2．说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3．给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4．提出你学习英语的具体需求。
[参考范文]
Hi，Sharon，
This_is_Li_Xia.I_learned_from_your_post_that_you_want_to_improve_your_Mandarin.I am more than willing to lend a helping hand to you.
I am convinced I can perfectly live up to your expectations.I have such a good command of Mandarin that not only was I elected the broadcaster of the radio station of our school, but I also won the second prize in the Mandarin Contest held in our city last year.When it comes to improving Mandarin, my advice is that you should listen to Mandarin every day and practice speaking it whenever possible.Just as the saying goes，practice makes perfect.
By the way，I do hope you can help me improve my English writing ability, especially the proper use of vocabulary and some important grammar.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours_faithfully，
Li_Xia
[高频词汇]
1．________(vt.)占领；占用(时间、空间等)
2．________( vt.)击败，战胜
3．________(vt.)替换，代替，取代
4．________(adj.)完全的，整个的
5．________(vt.)养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及
6．________(adv.)因此，所以
7．________(n.)过程；进程
8．________(adj.)独特的
9．________(vi.&vt.)插嘴，打断，暂停
10．________(adj.)错误的；误解的
11．________(n.)外观，外貌
12．________(vt.)代表；展示；描绘
13．________(vt.)简化
14．________(vt.&vi.)组合；(使)联合
15．________(vt.)区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
16．________(vt.)显示，表示；象征，暗示
17．________(n.)缺点，短处
18．________(adv.)以此方式，如此；因此，从而
【答案】1.occupy 2.defeat 3.replace 4.entire 5.raise
6．therefore 7.process 8.unique 9.interrupt 10.mistaken
11．appearance 12.represent 13.combine 14.simplify
15．distinguish 16.indicate 17.shortcoming 18.thus
[派生词汇]
1．________(adj.)方便的→________(n.)方便，便利
2．________(adj.)切实可行的，实用的→________(n.)实践→________(v.)练习
3．________(adj)官方的，正式的→________(adv.)官方地→________(n.)办公室
4．________(n.)关心；忧虑(vt.)涉及；使担忧→________(adj.)担心的→________(prep.)关于
5．________(vt.)进入；使用(n.)通道；机会，权利→________(adj.)易接近的
6．________(vt.)使难堪，使尴尬→________(adj.)令人尴尬的→________(adj.)尴尬的→________(n.)尴尬
[词缀归纳]
backwards是由“back＋后缀wards”构成的副词。常见的含有后缀wards的副词有：forwards向前；northwards朝北；southwards朝南；upwards向上；downwards向下。
【答案】1.convenient；convenience 2.practical；practice；practise 3.official；officially；office 4.concern；concerned；concerning 5.access；accessible 6.embarrass；embarrassing；embarrassed；embarrassment
[语境活用]
1．At what age are children able to ________(区分) between right and wrong？
2．As a matter of fact, many people have ________(缺点)．
3．The match took nearly three hours and was ________(打断)at times by rain.
4．Many wastes produced in the producing ________(过程) are harmful as well.
5．The car is a ________(方便的) means of transport, but we have made it our way of life.
6．We are still looking for an allround person, who c______ all the necessary qualities.
7．The book is too difficult, so I'm afraid I won't be able to read it.Do you have a copy that has been s________？
8．In Chinese language, even the same characters can have different pronunciations, so you are m________ if you think all Chinese people speak in the same way.
9．O________ in reading the interesting book, I didn't notice him come in.
10．Students of computer science need to think about how to gain more p________ knowledge besides what they have learned from the textbook.
【答案】1.distinguish 2.shortcomings 3.interrupted
4．process 5.convenient 6.combines 7.simplified
8．mistaken 9.Occupied 10.practical
1．stand ________ 代表，象征
2．be made up ________ 由……组成(构成)
3．consist ________ 由……组成(构成)
4．name ________ 以……命名
5．aside ________ 除……之外
6．take control ________ 控制
7．lead ________ 导致
8．make contributions ________ 对……做出贡献
9．go ________ 经历；浏览；检查
10．take…________ consideration 考虑……
11．look ________ 向上看；查询
12．gain access ________ 接近；取得利用……的机会
13．make fun ________ 取笑，开……的玩笑
14．ought ________ 应该
15．differ ________ 与……不同
16．________ a whole 总体上看
【答案】1.for 2.of 3.of 4.after 5.from 6.of 7.to 8.to 9.through 10.into 11.up 12.to 13.of 14．to 15.from 16.as
[语境活用]
1．The Sydney Opera House, which consists ________ almost 900 rooms and halls of different sizes, is our first stop in Australia.
2．The new party took control ________ the country after the last election.
3．Aside ________ the oil deals, the two countries signed agreements covering biofuel development and the joint launch of two satellites.
4．________ a whole, the sports meeting was a success.
5．The building named ________ a wellknown scientist is well designed.
6．How can you make small talk lead ________ a new friendship or job?
7．When you have any emergency in the wilderness, you should make a signal SOS, standing ________“Save Our Souls”．
8．Humans differ________other mammals in their ability to speak.
9．Although your parents are very strict with you, you ought ________ follow their advice.
10．Dinners usually are made ________ of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
【答案】1.of 2.of 3.from 4.As 5.after 6.to 7.for
8．from 9.to 10.up
1. [原句] That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
[点拨] That is why“那就是为什么……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
[仿写] 青少年花在网上的时间比与朋友和家人待在一起的时间多。那就是为什么一些专家对多数年轻人最感到担忧的原因。
The teenagers spend more time on the Internet than with friends and family.____________ some experts worry most about young people.
2. [原句] After the Norman Conquest，high－class people spoke French while common people spoke English.
[点拨] 句中while是并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。
[仿写] 她喜欢高富帅，然而他却不喜欢白富美。
She likes a tall，rich and handsome guy ________ he doesn't like a white，rich and beautiful girl.
3. [原句] Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
[点拨] not all“并不是所有的”，表示部分否定。
[仿写] 不是每个在你生命中的人都一定会留下来。
________ the people in your life are meant to stay.
4. [原句] While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.
[点拨] “be of＋n.”结构中的名词是抽象名词时，该结构相当于“be＋adj.”。
[仿写] 没有实践的理论是没有帮助的。
Theory without practice ______________.
【答案】1.That's why 2.while 3.Not all 4.is of little/no help
第一板块 核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)；使忙碌
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 忙碌的；占用的
be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作
①You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8!
抚养着四个八岁以下的男孩，你可以想象我是多么忙碌！
②I was fully occupied ________ repairing some old tools, so I didn't attend my friend's party last Friday.
我忙着修理一些旧工具，因此，上周五我没有出席我朋友的聚会。
③As the final exam is drawing near, all the students are occupied ________ their review.
因为临近期末考试，所有学生都忙着复习。
【答案】②in ③with
2．replace vt.替换；代替；取代；把……放回原处
replace A with B 用B取代A
A be replaced by B A被B取代
replace sb.as… 取代某人成为……
①I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive events.
我希望运动会被取消，用其他的一些竞争力小的项目代替。
②It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced ________ computers in class.
人们普遍认为在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
③Since Mary replaced him ________ the company's new general manager，he has been feeling bad.
自从玛丽取代他成为公司的新任总经理以后，他就一直心情不好。
【答案】②by ③as
3．raise vt.饲养(家畜)；养育，培养；种植(作物)；提高，增加；举起；筹集(资金)；提出
[一词多义]
写出下列句中raise的含义。
①I raised my left arm to protect my face.________
②Both of the parents work in order to earn enough money to raise their children.________
③The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggests that we may need nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.________
④Nowadays, with the improvement of the people's living standard, some people form a habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets.________
⑤The United States raises more maize (玉米) than any other country in the world, and almost all of it is genetically modified.________
[词义辨析]
raise vt.
(raised，raised)
有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义，意为“举起；提高；提出；饲养；养育；筹集；种植”
rise vi.
(rose，risen)
说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日/月/云/雾/烟/蒸气/温度/物价等，无被动语态
arise vi.
(arose，arisen)
主语一般为抽象名词，意为“(现象、问题、困难等)出现，发生”
⑥The number of deaths ________ from road accidents has been ________， which ________ people's concern about traffic safety.It is hoped that the government should take measures to solve such problems.
【答案】①举起 ②抚养，养育 ③提高 ④饲养 ⑤种植
⑥arising；rising；raises
4．concern n．关心；忧虑vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣
(1)concern for/about 对于……的担心
(2)concern oneself with/about… 担忧/关心……
(3)concerned adj. 有关的；担心的
be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与……
be concerned about/for/over… 关心……，挂念……
so/as far as…be concerned 就……而言
(4) concerning(＝about) prep. 关于
①There is no need to concern yourself with this matter.We are dealing with it.
你没必要关心这件事了，我们正在处理。
②They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with.
他们遵守规则，提供帮助，关心和他们一起工作的人。
③You can log on the website for more information ________ the club.
你可以登录这个网站以获取更多关于该俱乐部的信息。
【答案】③concerning
[温馨提示] concerned作前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的，相关的”。如：a concerned father一位忧心忡忡的父亲；all the people concerned所有相关的人员。
(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ，七选五)The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors.
[翻译]你房间的大颜色的决定涉及墙壁、天花板和地板。
5．access vt.进入；接近；使用n.[U]通路；机会；权利
(1)access to… 进入……的通道/入口
have/get/gain/obtain access to… 拥有……的机会/权利；可以接近；进入
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to 可接近的；可使用的；可以靠近的
①All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.
所有学生都有权进入道格拉斯厅楼上的写作中心。
②Postings on the Internet can be accessed from anywhere in the world.
因特网上的帖子在世界任何一个地方都能读到。
③Frank put the medicine in a top draw to make sure it would not be _________ to the kids.
费兰克把药放在了最上面的一个抽屉，确保不让小孩接近。
【答案】③accessible
[温馨提示] access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。
6．distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征
(1)distinguish A from B/between A and B 把A和B分开
distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同；使自己出名
(2)distinguished adj. 著名的；有尊严的
be distinguished for 因……而著名
①It is sometimes difficult to distinguish artificial silk from natural silk.
有时很难区分人造丝与天然真丝。
②He distinguished ________ in British theatre at a very early age.
他早期就在英国戏剧方面出名。
③He is distinguished ________ his sense of humour.
他以其幽默感著称。
【答案】②himself ③for
7．convenient adj.便利的，方便的
(1)It is/was convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便
be convenient for sth./sb. 对某人/某物来说是方便的
(2) convenience n. 方便；便利的事物
for (one's) convenience＝for the convenience (of sb.) 为了(某人的)方便
at one's convenience 在某人方便时
①Our house is very convenient for schools and stores.
我们的房子离学校和商店很近。
②We have provided seats ________ the convenience of our customers.
为方便顾客我们备有座位。
③I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions ________ your earliest convenience.
如能尽早告知你的决定，我将不胜感激。
【答案】②for ③at
[温馨提示] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
8．consist of由……组成，由……构成
由……组成(构成)
(2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 与……一致/相符
(3)consistent adj. 相容的；一致的
be consistent with 和……一致/相符
①Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
成功在于经历失败后仍能继续努力的能力。
②If what you say is not consistent with what you do，it will have a bad effect on your children.
如果你言行不一，这将对你的孩子产生不好的影响。
③The medical team ________ of five experienced doctors and ten skilled nurses will be sent to the earthquakehit areas.
由五名有经验的医生和十名熟练的护士组成的医疗队将被派往地震灾区。
【答案】③consisting
[温馨提示] consist of一般不用于进行时态和被动语态。
9．stand for代表，象征；主张
stand by 袖手旁观；支持
stand by sb. 支持/帮助/忠于某人
stand out 突出，显眼；出色，杰出
stand up for 支持，拥护，维护
①I like roses very much, for they stand for love.
我非常喜欢玫瑰，因为它们代表爱情。
②After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand ________ among the candidates and survive the test alone.
经过无数次的采访和陈述，在众多选手中我脱颖而出，独自一人在测试中留了下来。
③How can you stand ________ and see him accused of something he didn't do?
你怎么能眼睁睁看着他遭人诬陷而袖手旁观呢？
【答案】②out ③by
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Occupied ________ his office work, he didn't notice someone come in.
2．You can find Joe's house easily because his house is ________ (distinguish)from others' in the street by its pink walls and large windows.
3．According to a document released by China's National Tourism Administration, infrastructures will also be improved to provide more ________ (convenient) for the tourists.
4．A positive attitude，________(combine) with willingness to seek appropriate help and exercising solid study habits，will do much to determine how well you do in your studies.
5．It is reported that the pop singer is concerned ________ selling drugs.
6．Her bright clothes always make her stand ______ in the crowd and you can recognize her easily.
7．When it comes to my preference for entertainment in the spare time，I prefer gardening to parachuting，because the latter is a dangerous ________(occupy)．
8．The increase in home computers means that families have much easier ________(accessible) to information.
9．I regret to inform you that your brother is just the one we'll get someone ________(replace)．
10．Life mainly consists ________ happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist ________ struggle.
【答案】1.with 2.distinguished 3.convenience
4．combined 5.with 6.out 7.occupation 8.access
9．to replace 10.of；in
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The firm wants to avoid any embarrassed questions about the boss.
_____________________________________________________________
2．You might be entire mistaken by them in such conditions.
_____________________________________________________________
3．We can't just stand for and watch her die.
_____________________________________________________________
4．Animals differ in plants in that they can move when they are attacked by others.
_____________________________________________________________
5．Like other wolves, they form groups that protect their homes and rise their young.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.embarrassed→embarrassing 2.entire→entirely
3．for→by 4.第一个in→from 5.rise →raise
第二板块 经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．Not_all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有的汉字都是用来描述物体而发展的。
句中not all表示部分否定，也可以用all…not表示。
(1)部分否定：all，both，everybody，everything，always，complete，completely等代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。
①________ these books are ________ popular with people.
这些书并非全都受人欢迎。
②Not all historical buildings are attractive.
不是所有的历史建筑都是吸引人的。
(2)全部否定：no one，none，neither，nobody，nothing以及not…any(不可以说any…not)等表示全部否定。
③He told me all the news，but ________ of it was very exciting.
他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一个是激动人心的。
【答案】①All；not ③none
(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ，阅读理解B)But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.
[分析] 本句是简单句，not all表示部分否定。
[翻译] 但并不是所有的城市都在长时间内发展缓慢。
2．While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of practical use.
虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
句中be of use是“be of＋名词”结构。
(1)“be of＋名词”结构中的名词是抽象名词时，“of＋名词”相当于其名词所对应的形容词，说明被修饰的词具有某种特征或属性，常用的抽象名词有：use，importance，help，value，benefit等。这些名词前还可以有一些形容词如：great，little，some，any，much等来修饰，以说明其程度。
①A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development.
＝A harmonious family ________ a child's personal development.
一个和谐的家庭对于孩子的个人成长是有益的。
(2)“be of the＋名词”结构中的名词表示种类、数量、度量或表示不同的人或物的共同特征时，名词前通常带有冠词，常用的这类名词有：age，colour，kind，type，shape，price，size, height, width, depth, length等。
②Birds usually only fly together with other birds ______________.
鸟通常只和同类的其他鸟一起飞翔。
(3)“be of＋名词”结构可以表示名词与主语的根源关系，此时名词多表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍等，常用的这类名词有：family, blood, race, origin等。
③Their language is of unknown origin and can't be placed with any standard classification.
他们的语言起源不明，也无法根据任何通常分类来归类。
【答案】①is beneficial to ②of the same kind
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．Everything that is best for nature is not good for people.
→____________ that is best for nature is good for people.
2．This book will be greatly valuable to students of history.
→This book will ______________ to students of history.
3．The reason why I am not in favour of the plan is that.
→________________ I am not in favour of the plan.
4．English is sure to continue changing.
→________ that English will continue changing.
【答案】1.Not everything 2.be of great value 3.That's why 4.It is certain
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．现在，许多人成天忙于工作，忽视了对父母的关心。(be occupied in，concern about)
2．父母把我们抚养长大很不容易。(raise)
3．除了给他们所需的东西外，我们要在方便的时候尽量多地去看他们。(apart from，convenient)
4．亲人之间的爱和关心是任何东西都取代不了的。(replace)
【参考范文】
Now，many people are occupied in working.As a result，they ignore the concern about their parents.It's difficult for them to raise us.Apart from things they need，we should visit them as much as possible when it is convenient.After all，nothing can replace love and care among members of our family.
[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Like many languages spoken by people，Ayapaneco is dying.Only two people in the world still speak it，and they won't talk to each other.
Spoken in Mexico for centuries，Ayapaneco is one of 68 surviving languages in the mainly Spanishspeaking nation.The two speakers are Manuel Segovia and Isidro Velazquez.Though they live only 500 meters from each other in the village，the two men seldom talk to each other.Daniel，an American expert，who is working to make a dictionary of Ayapaneco，says the two men “don't have a lot in common”， and that Segovia can be“active”while Velasquez tends to mind his own business and stay at home.
While Segovia still speaks to his wife and son in Ayapaneco，neither of them can manage more than a few words.Velasquez hardly speaks his native tongue any more.Daniel is working to preserve the language in dictionary form before its last surviving speakers pass away.According to Daniel，Ayapaneco and other languages began dying out with the introduction of public Spanish education in the mid20th century.For decades，local children weren't allowed to speak anything else.Many people to cities，starting in the 1970s，also helped the dying out of native languages.
Ayapaneco is the name given to the language; Segovia and Velazquez call it“Nuumte Oote”，which means“true voice”．Neither man，however，speaks the language identically.The dictionary will contain two versions of the language when it comes out later this year.Those behind the dictionary aren't the only ones trying to save Ayapaneco.The National Language Institute plans to hold classes so that Segovia and Velasquez can pass on what they know to children，which they don't agree to.
It is thought that there are about 6,000 languages spoken on the Earth and that about half will disappear over the next 100 years.Let's hope the “true voice” isn't one of them.
1．From the passage we learn that Ayapaneco________.
A．belonged to Spanish at one time
B．is very easy for people to learn
C．has been spoken in Mexico for centuries
D．is the only surviving native languages in Mexico
2. Segovia and Velazquez seldom talk to each other in Ayapaneco because they________.
A．both dislike the language
B．don't get along well with each other
C．are too busy to talk to each other
D．don't share the same interests
3. Which are the main reasons why the language Ayapaneco started dying out?
a．No teachers liked to teach it.
b．Local children had to speak Spanish.
c．The surviving speakers didn't like to use it.
d．Many villagers went to live in cities.
A．a，b B．a，c
C．b，d D．b，c
4．How does the National Language Institute try to save Ayapaneco?
A．Write a dictionary of Ayapaneco.
B．Let Ayapaneco be taught at school.
C．Introduce a public Ayapaneco education.
D．Ask villagers to speak Ayapaneco.
【答案与解析】
1．C 细节理解题。由第二段的spoken in Mexico for centuries…可知C为正确选项。其余选项在本文没有依据。
2．D 细节理解题。由第二段的倒数第一句可知他们俩性格迥异，没有共同的爱好或兴趣。因此选D。
3．C 细节理解题。由第三段的最后二句可知b，d选项为Ayapaneco语言开始逐渐消失的主要原因。
4．B 细节理解题。由第四段的最后一句可知，国家语言协会为了拯救Ayapaneco语言，让学校教授这种语言。
B
(2019·浙江省高三“五校联考”)It was when I was walking to my office, trailed by three young people whose ages ranged from 16 to 25, flowing down the corridor behind me like the tail of a kite, that I thought of it for the first time.
This could be because I am not actually a mother.Until recently, I was not a “real” stepmother either.But I have been living with the man who is now my husband, Bernardo for 10 years and in those 10 years, not only have his younger daughters spent every other weekend and half of their school holiday with us but also his son has lived with us fulltime.In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.
Being a step mum is hard enough but being a sortofstepmother is about the most awkward position a mature woman can find herself in.With my sortofsteppies, I have occupied a place of influence, power and sometimes extreme anger by turns.I have stepped on a delicate path between being a grownup friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority—but not too much.
Love the kids or hate them, you must always remember that no matter how much you cook, clean, hug, comfort and discipline, you will never actually count.
To survive, I trained myself to love the stepkids as hard as I could, but not to care.It's a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position.I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework.I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home.Semidetached is the position.
5．Which of the following is TRUE about Bernardo?
A．Bernardo seldom cares about the kids.
B．Bernardo dislikes living with his kids.
C．Bernardo respects the opinion of his kids.
D．Bernardo doesn't recognize his wife as a “real” stepmother.
6．What does the author think of her role in the family?
A．She was totally favored by the kids.
B．She has acted as an enemy of the kids.
C．She didn't have any influence in the family.
D．She was the communication bridge between kids and their father.
7．What's the author's advice for stepmothers in the last paragraph？
A．Be partly engaged in kids' life.
B．Care little about kids' behavior.
C．Seldom get involved in kids' homework.
D．Become the absolute authority of the family.
【答案与解析】
5．C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.”可推断，伯纳多尊重孩子们的意见。
6．D 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中的“…between being a grownup friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority….”可推断，作者是孩子们和父亲之间的沟通桥梁。
7．A 推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句可推断，作者建议作为继母要部分参与孩子们的生活。
C
(2018·大连八中高三模拟)A supermarket checkout operator was praised for striking a blow for modern manners and a return to the age of politeness after refusing to serve a shopper who was talking on her mobile phone.
The supermarket manager was forced to apologize to the customer who complained she was told her goods would not be scanned unless she hung up her phone.Jo Clark, 46, said, “I don't know what she was playing at.I couldn't believe how rude she was.When did she have the right to give me a lecture on checkout manners? I won't be shopping there again！”
But users of social media sites and Internet forums(论坛) were very angry that store gave in and the public appeared to be supporting the angry checkout worker.“Perhaps this is a turning point for mobile phone users everywhere.When chatting, keep your eyes on people around you.That includes people trying to serve you, other road users and especially people behind you in the stairs，” said a typical post.
“It's time checkout staff fought back against these people constantly chatting on their phones.They can drive anyone crazy.It's rude and annoying.I often want to grab someone's phone and throw it as far as I can, even though I am not a checkout girl, just a passerby，” said another.
Siobhan Freegard, founder of parenting site www.Netmums.com said, “While this checkout operator doesn't have the authority to order customers to switch off their phones, you can see clearly how frustrated and angry she felt.No matter how busy you are, life is nicer when you and those around you have good manners.”
8．According to Jo Clark, the checkout operator________.
A．lacked the knowledge of checkout manners
B．played with a mobile phone while at work
C．had no right to forbid her from using her mobile phone
D．deserved praise for her modern manners
9．The third and fourth paragraphs imply that the public ________.
A．are used to chatting on their mobile phones
B．are driven crazy by constant mobile calls
C．ignore the existence of mobile phone users
D．seem to support the checkout operator
10．The attitude of Siobhan Freegard towards the checkout operator was________.
A．disapproving B．supportive
C．neutral D．indifferent
11．What is the main idea of the whole passage?
A．Whether we should talk on our phones while being served.
B．Why we can talk on mobile phones while shopping.
C．What good manners checkout operators should have.
D．How we can develop good manners for mobile phone users.
【答案与解析】
8．C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句和第四句可知，Jo Clark认为收银员没有权利要求她挂断电话。
9．D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，社交媒体网站和网络论坛的用户们对商店的屈服感到而非常愤怒，公众似乎在支持愤怒的收银员。
10．B 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可推断，他是支持收银员的。
11．A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是顾客在结账时只顾打电话，而没有注意到收银员的感受。故我们在接受别人的服务时，也要考虑是否该打电话。
D
(2018·北京市海淀区高三期末)Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nineyearold boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that “no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother's incompetence”. The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal locus of control(内控点)”. They believed that they,_and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. “Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning，” Bonanno said. “It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. “We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things，” Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways—to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”—changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
12．According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.
A．to think critically
B．to decide one's own fate
C．to live a better life
D．to recover from adversity
13．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The psychologists.
B．The resilient children.
C．Positive elements.
D．Internal locus of control.
14．According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that________.
A．your positive perception may turn adversity around
B．stressful events are more predictive than delightful events
C．experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering
D．a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time
15．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To teach people how to be resilient.
B．To encourage people to live through adversity.
C．To indicate people's perception varies from each other.
D．To compare different research findings about resilience.
【答案与解析】
12．D 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity won't know how resilient they are.”可推断，韧性是从逆境中恢复的能力。
13．B 指代判断题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，有韧性的孩子拥有心理学家所说的内部控制点。他们相信是他们自己而不是他们所处的环境，影响了他们的成就。由此可推断，they指的是有韧性的孩子。
14．A 推理判断题。根据第四段以及第四段最后一句“In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.”可推断，积极的认知可能会扭转逆境。
15．A 目的意图题。文章主要论述韧性的好处以及如何成为有韧性的人，因此本文的写作目的是为了教育人们如何有韧性。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018·大连市第二十四中学模拟)After watching foreign films and TV shows, many young Chinese people may have the opinion that the lives of American teenagers are quite different from theirs. 1 . Now, American teenagers are less independent than those previous generations. They drink less alcohol, work fewer parttime jobs and spend less time hanging out with friends.
Is too much homework to blame? 2 . Jean Twenge, a child development expert who wrote the study, said technology may be to blame. “These teens and young adults all have one thing in common: their childhood or adolescence coincided (同时发生) with the rise of the smartphone，” she wrote for The Conversation. 3 .
Kendal Brant,19，who comes from New Hamshire, U．S. is a freshman at university. He said he mainly uses his smartphone to manage his social media accounts. “People, especially teens, are spending more and more time attempting to present a better selfimage online, instead of actually improving themselves.”
A similar opinion was shared by Tyler McCall, a 14yearold from North Carolina, US. 4 . “I think it ruins true relationships and facetoface conversations，” Tyler said, “It makes you feel frustrated and could potentially take up your time and cause your studies to decline majorly.”
It is hard to say whether growing up more slowly because of smartphones is a good or bad thing. 5 ， which is nccessary for success later in life, according to Twenge.
A．This means that more time spent playing with a smartphone and less time spent on other things
B．He realizes that his smartphone use could have a negative impact on his social life
C．He believes smartphones play an important role in our life
D．Apparently, it isn't
E．Using social media and listening to music are the two activities that dominate their life
F．However, according to a recent study published in the journal Child Development, things are changing in the US
G．But some young people really demand more time for social and emotional development
【答案】1～5 FDABG
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018湖北八校高三联考)George Springer helped his team Houston Astros win the World Series in 2017.He was awarded the Most Valuable Player, __1__ his struggle is mostly hidden.His __2__is not in trying to hit a fastball, but in __3__it.He stutters(口吃)．
Growing up in Connecticut, Springer was the kid who would __4__ raise his hand in school, the kid __5__every time he opened his mouth.
“I was the guy who didn't talk，” he said.“I would __6__speaking at all costs.”
He was often __7__.Sometimes he was bullied(欺侮)．The phone was suffering to him.__8__were worse.If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say, he would __9__.If he was with his family, his sister Nicole would __10__for him.
He remembers a couple of attempts at speech therapy(语言治疗), but he said he was __11__with encouraging parents, an ability to __12__himself in sports, and a small group of friends who __13__.
“If therapy works for you, __14__.But for me, I also developed my own __15__ to handle it，” he said.“Besides, when I was around all my friends, it didn't really seem to __16__them.If I did it, they would __17__ until I was done, then finish the conversation.”
To help other kids __18__ the same issue, Springer frequently appeared in interviews and even agreed to wear a microphone __19__ during the 2017 AllStar Game.He then added “I can't let anything in life I can't __20__ slow me down or stop me from being who I want to be.” These 22 words proved it.
1．A.so B．yet
C．and D．since
2．A.strength B．fault
C．goal D．difficulty
3．A.talking about B．dealing with
C．thinking about D．playing with
4．A.even B．sometimes
C．often D．never
5．A.in delight B．in fear
C．in relief D．in trouble
6．A.forbid B．prefer
C．regret D．avoid
7．A.deserted B．scared
C．teased D．attacked
8．A.Classes B．Restaurants
C．Foods D．Debates
9．A.gesture B．weep
C．signal D．beg
10．A.take B．pay
C．order D．cook
11．A.blessed B．getting along
C．provided D．fed up
12．A.refresh B．relax
C．enjoy D．express
13．A.cared B．forgave
C．understood D．approved
14．A.interesting B．great
C．unique D．strange
15．A.ways B．interest
C．habits D．taste
16．A.amaze B．hurt
C．aid D．bother
17．A.laugh B．press
C．wait D．panic
18．A.raising B．facing
C．confusing D．settling
19．A.on field B．in school
C．at home D．on stage
20．A.grasp B．possess
C．control D．defend
【答案与解析】
1．B 根据语境可知，George Springer虽然被授予了“最有价值球员”的称号，“然而”，他的困难主要是隐藏的。前后句表示转折。
2．D 根据前面一句中的his struggle is mostly hidden可知，他的困难不在于尽力击打出一个快速球(棒球术语)，而在于谈论“尽力击打出一个快速球”。
3．A 根据后面一句He stutters.可知，因为他口吃，他的困难不在于尽力击打出一个快速球(棒球术语)，而在于谈论“尽力击打出一个快速球”。
4．D 根据上文He stutters.可知，由于他口吃，所以，小时候在学校他“从不”举手，每次要开口说话，他都“害怕”。
5．B 解析同第4题。
6．D 根据前面一句中的“I was the guy who didn't talk”可知，他总是“避免”讲话。
7．C 根据上文以及后面一句“Sometimes he was bullied.”可知，因为口吃，他时常被“取笑”，有时还被欺侮。
8．B 根据后面一句中的“If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say”可推断，打电话对他来说是煎熬，到餐馆点餐就更糟糕了。
9．A 根据本句中的“If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say”可推断，他常常做手势(gesture)。
10．C 根据常识可知，如果他和家人一起去餐馆，他的妹妹Nicole常常会为他“点餐”。
11．A 根据语境可知，他记得他尝试过几次语言治疗，但他说，他有幸拥有“鼓励”他的父母，用运动“表达”自己的能力，和一小群“理解”他的朋友们。
12．D 解析同11题。
13．C 解析同11题。
14．B 句意：他说：“如果语言治疗对你们有效，那‘很好’。但对我来说，我也慢慢形成了我自己应对口吃的‘方法’。”
15．A 解析同14题。
16．D 根据上文可知，朋友们理解他。由此可推断，当他和朋友们在一起时，似乎真的不“麻烦”。
17．C 根据语境可知，如果Springer结结巴巴的，他们常常会“等到”Springer讲完，然后，再结束谈话。
18．B 根据语境可知，为了帮助其他面临同样问题的孩子，Springer常常出现在采访中。在2017年全明星队比赛期间，他甚至答应在赛场上戴上麦克风。
19．A 根据本句中的“during the 2017 AllStar Game”可推断，他答应在“赛场上”戴上麦克风。
20．C 句意：然后，他补充说，“我不能让生命中我不能控制的任何东西减慢我的速度，或者阻止我成为我想成为的人。”
Ⅱ.语法填空
Last week，in an unusual way，a stranger treated me with generosity.At an Asian grocery store on a busy evening，I was shopping for the items I needed 1.________ my voluntary work of cooking breakfast on Saturday at a shelter for the homeless in San Jose.I went to the store 2.________(buy) tofu and vegetables.As I 3.________(wait) in line to finish the purchase，the lady next to me approached me to find out 4.________ I was going to consume the big box of tofu I was buying.Enthusiastically，I replied that I was buying food to cook breakfast for homeless people.
While I was getting ready to pay the bill，to my 5.________(amaze)，she offered to pay for everything.Despite multiple requests for 6.________ (she)name，she responded that she felt good because I was doing the kind of community work which her parents once received help from 7.________ they came to this country as refugees.Hence she wanted to take 8.________ opportunity to show her gratitude.
It was the 9.________(good) reward I had ever received for my voluntary work，10.________ began three years ago.In a strange way we are all connected and we feel for each other.That's what I call being a “human”．
【答案】1.for 2.to buy 3.was waiting 4.how
5．amazement 6.her 7.when/as 8.the 9.best
10．which
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
Last week I was doing my grocery shopping at a local store.I had purchased a package of sports drink and put it on bottom of the cart.In my haste，I did not put them in my car when I emptied the cart.Late on，I went back to the store and the cart wasn't there.One of the high school students that was collecting carts came by and I asked if anyone had turned on the beverages.She said she did not notice but with a bigger smile said，“When you could wait，I will go in and check.” A few minute later，she came out with the beverages.What a lift to know there are still honest，cared people out there!
【答案】
Last week I was doing my grocery shopping at a local store.I purchased a package of sports drink and put it on bottom of the cart.In my haste，I did not put in my car when I emptied the cart. on，I went back to the store and the cart wasn't there.One of the high school students that collecting carts came by and I asked if anyone had turned the beverages.She said she did not notice but with a smile said，“ you could wait，I will go in and check.”A few later，she came out with the beverages.What a lift to know there are still honest， people out there!
Ⅱ.书面表达
(2018·江苏省涟水中学模拟)以下是某报对以色列等五国国民阅读情况的调查结果。请根据图表及要求用英语为你校校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。
内容要求：(1)简要描述图表内容；
(2)描述该图表反映的问题；
(3)就该问题发表你的观点。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)可适当发挥，以使短文内容充实，行文连贯；
(3)短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：以色列Israel 冰岛Iceland
Recently a survey has been done to find out the average number of books each person reads every year in Israel, Japan, Iceland, France and China.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Recently_a_survey_has_been_done_to_find_out_the_average_number_of_books_each_person_reads_every_year_in_Israel,_Japan,_Iceland,_France_and_China.According to the survey, Israel comes first with 64 books; Japan, second with 40.Iceland ranks the third with 24, while France comes fourth with 11.It's a pity that China comes last with a miserable 0.7.
The survey shows there's a great difference in terms of people's reading rate in different countries, and Chinese people in particular lack the good habit of reading.
In my view, this is a very serious problem.Knowledge is now recognized as the driving force behind economic growth.If we don't read, how can we acquire the knowledge necessary to keep us with other countries?
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Research suggests that babies learn to see by ________(distinguish) between areas of light and dark.
2．__________(simplify) Chinese characters are widely used in mainland China since the 1950s.
3．As a green hand, he lacks ________(practice) experience.
4．English is one of the ________(officially) languages of the United Nations.
5．The popularity of Internet celebrities, or “Wanghong”， makes some young girls convinced that ________ (appear) really counts if they want to be successful.
6．When I write something, I hate ________(interrupt), so please call me later.
7．The new policy leads to no cigarettes ________(advertise) on TV.
8．They looked at him with a ________ (mix) of horror, envy, and awe.
9．These experts have made great ________(contribute) to wildlife protection.
10．Some of his most powerful ________ (write) are based on his childhood experience.
【答案】1.distinguishing 2.Simplified 3.practical
4．official 5.appearance 6.being interrupted 7.being advertised 8.mixture 9.contributions 10.writings
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．As is known to all, the world consisted of small particles called atoms.
_____________________________________________________________
2．Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly from size and shape.
_____________________________________________________________
3．Going to library is great help to your study.
_____________________________________________________________
4．I live just by the market, and I'm very convenient to go shopping.
_____________________________________________________________
5．He failed in the exam.That was why he hadn't worked hard.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.consisted→consists 2.from→in 3.在is后加of
4．I'm→it's 5.why→because
晨读暮诵 单元话题——语言学习
1．benefit v．受益
2．standard n．标准
3．master v．精通；掌握
4．fluent adj.流利的
5．extensive adj.大量的；广泛的
6．vital adj.极重要的
7．grasp v．掌握
8．beneficial adj.有益的
9．practise v．练习
10．official adj.官方的；正式的
11．expression n．词语；表达
12．vocabulary n．词汇
13．gradually adv.逐渐地
14．a large number of大量的
15．attitude to learning学习态度
16．develop one's interest培养兴趣
17．be popular with受……欢迎
18．have an advantage over在……有优势
19．English evening parties 英语晚会
20．get/take the first place in the English speech contest
在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名
1．Only by doing so can you enlarge your vocabulary more easily.
只有这么做，你才能更容易地扩大你的词汇量。
2．Having a good knowledge of English can make our dream come true.
掌握好英语能使我们梦想成真。
3．Therefore，a good command of English will greatly benefit me in my work.
因此，善于运用英语能够让我的工作受益匪浅。
4．In the competition for a wellpaid job，the one who can speak fluent English has an advantage over those who cannot.
在竞争高收入工作的时候，会说流利英语的人就比不会说英语的人有优势。
5．Due to his hard work，he got a full mark for the English competition yesterday.
由于努力学习，昨天的英语竞赛他得了满分。
(2015·高考四川卷)假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1．表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2．说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3．给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4．提出你学习英语的具体需求。
[参考范文]
Hi，Sharon，
This_is_Li_Xia.I_learned_from_your_post_that_you_want_to_improve_your_Mandarin.I am more than willing to lend a helping hand to you.
I am convinced I can perfectly live up to your expectations.I have such a good command of Mandarin that not only was I elected the broadcaster of the radio station of our school, but I also won the second prize in the Mandarin Contest held in our city last year.When it comes to improving Mandarin, my advice is that you should listen to Mandarin every day and practice speaking it whenever possible.Just as the saying goes，practice makes perfect.
By the way，I do hope you can help me improve my English writing ability, especially the proper use of vocabulary and some important grammar.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours_faithfully，
Li_Xia
[高频词汇]
1．________(vt.)占领；占用(时间、空间等)
2．________( vt.)击败，战胜
3．________(vt.)替换，代替，取代
4．________(adj.)完全的，整个的
5．________(vt.)养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及
6．________(adv.)因此，所以
7．________(n.)过程；进程
8．________(adj.)独特的
9．________(vi.&vt.)插嘴，打断，暂停
10．________(adj.)错误的；误解的
11．________(n.)外观，外貌
12．________(vt.)代表；展示；描绘
13．________(vt.)简化
14．________(vt.&vi.)组合；(使)联合
15．________(vt.)区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
16．________(vt.)显示，表示；象征，暗示
17．________(n.)缺点，短处
18．________(adv.)以此方式，如此；因此，从而
【答案】1.occupy 2.defeat 3.replace 4.entire 5.raise
6．therefore 7.process 8.unique 9.interrupt 10.mistaken
11．appearance 12.represent 13.combine 14.simplify
15．distinguish 16.indicate 17.shortcoming 18.thus
[派生词汇]
1．________(adj.)方便的→________(n.)方便，便利
2．________(adj.)切实可行的，实用的→________(n.)实践→________(v.)练习
3．________(adj)官方的，正式的→________(adv.)官方地→________(n.)办公室
4．________(n.)关心；忧虑(vt.)涉及；使担忧→________(adj.)担心的→________(prep.)关于
5．________(vt.)进入；使用(n.)通道；机会，权利→________(adj.)易接近的
6．________(vt.)使难堪，使尴尬→________(adj.)令人尴尬的→________(adj.)尴尬的→________(n.)尴尬
[词缀归纳]
backwards是由“back＋后缀wards”构成的副词。常见的含有后缀wards的副词有：forwards向前；northwards朝北；southwards朝南；upwards向上；downwards向下。
【答案】1.convenient；convenience 2.practical；practice；practise 3.official；officially；office 4.concern；concerned；concerning 5.access；accessible 6.embarrass；embarrassing；embarrassed；embarrassment
[语境活用]
1．At what age are children able to ________(区分) between right and wrong？
2．As a matter of fact, many people have ________(缺点)．
3．The match took nearly three hours and was ________(打断)at times by rain.
4．Many wastes produced in the producing ________(过程) are harmful as well.
5．The car is a ________(方便的) means of transport, but we have made it our way of life.
6．We are still looking for an allround person, who c______ all the necessary qualities.
7．The book is too difficult, so I'm afraid I won't be able to read it.Do you have a copy that has been s________？
8．In Chinese language, even the same characters can have different pronunciations, so you are m________ if you think all Chinese people speak in the same way.
9．O________ in reading the interesting book, I didn't notice him come in.
10．Students of computer science need to think about how to gain more p________ knowledge besides what they have learned from the textbook.
【答案】1.distinguish 2.shortcomings 3.interrupted
4．process 5.convenient 6.combines 7.simplified
8．mistaken 9.Occupied 10.practical
1．stand ________ 代表，象征
2．be made up ________ 由……组成(构成)
3．consist ________ 由……组成(构成)
4．name ________ 以……命名
5．aside ________ 除……之外
6．take control ________ 控制
7．lead ________ 导致
8．make contributions ________ 对……做出贡献
9．go ________ 经历；浏览；检查
10．take…________ consideration 考虑……
11．look ________ 向上看；查询
12．gain access ________ 接近；取得利用……的机会
13．make fun ________ 取笑，开……的玩笑
14．ought ________ 应该
15．differ ________ 与……不同
16．________ a whole 总体上看
【答案】1.for 2.of 3.of 4.after 5.from 6.of 7.to 8.to 9.through 10.into 11.up 12.to 13.of 14．to 15.from 16.as
[语境活用]
1．The Sydney Opera House, which consists ________ almost 900 rooms and halls of different sizes, is our first stop in Australia.
2．The new party took control ________ the country after the last election.
3．Aside ________ the oil deals, the two countries signed agreements covering biofuel development and the joint launch of two satellites.
4．________ a whole, the sports meeting was a success.
5．The building named ________ a wellknown scientist is well designed.
6．How can you make small talk lead ________ a new friendship or job?
7．When you have any emergency in the wilderness, you should make a signal SOS, standing ________“Save Our Souls”．
8．Humans differ________other mammals in their ability to speak.
9．Although your parents are very strict with you, you ought ________ follow their advice.
10．Dinners usually are made ________ of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
【答案】1.of 2.of 3.from 4.As 5.after 6.to 7.for
8．from 9.to 10.up
1. [原句] That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
[点拨] That is why“那就是为什么……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
[仿写] 青少年花在网上的时间比与朋友和家人待在一起的时间多。那就是为什么一些专家对多数年轻人最感到担忧的原因。
The teenagers spend more time on the Internet than with friends and family.____________ some experts worry most about young people.
2. [原句] After the Norman Conquest，high－class people spoke French while common people spoke English.
[点拨] 句中while是并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。
[仿写] 她喜欢高富帅，然而他却不喜欢白富美。
She likes a tall，rich and handsome guy ________ he doesn't like a white，rich and beautiful girl.
3. [原句] Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
[点拨] not all“并不是所有的”，表示部分否定。
[仿写] 不是每个在你生命中的人都一定会留下来。
________ the people in your life are meant to stay.
4. [原句] While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.
[点拨] “be of＋n.”结构中的名词是抽象名词时，该结构相当于“be＋adj.”。
[仿写] 没有实践的理论是没有帮助的。
Theory without practice ______________.
【答案】1.That's why 2.while 3.Not all 4.is of little/no help
第一板块 核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)；使忙碌
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 忙碌的；占用的
be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作
①You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8!
抚养着四个八岁以下的男孩，你可以想象我是多么忙碌！
②I was fully occupied ________ repairing some old tools, so I didn't attend my friend's party last Friday.
我忙着修理一些旧工具，因此，上周五我没有出席我朋友的聚会。
③As the final exam is drawing near, all the students are occupied ________ their review.
因为临近期末考试，所有学生都忙着复习。
【答案】②in ③with
2．replace vt.替换；代替；取代；把……放回原处
replace A with B 用B取代A
A be replaced by B A被B取代
replace sb.as… 取代某人成为……
①I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive events.
我希望运动会被取消，用其他的一些竞争力小的项目代替。
②It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced ________ computers in class.
人们普遍认为在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
③Since Mary replaced him ________ the company's new general manager，he has been feeling bad.
自从玛丽取代他成为公司的新任总经理以后，他就一直心情不好。
【答案】②by ③as
3．raise vt.饲养(家畜)；养育，培养；种植(作物)；提高，增加；举起；筹集(资金)；提出
[一词多义]
写出下列句中raise的含义。
①I raised my left arm to protect my face.________
②Both of the parents work in order to earn enough money to raise their children.________
③The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggests that we may need nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.________
④Nowadays, with the improvement of the people's living standard, some people form a habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets.________
⑤The United States raises more maize (玉米) than any other country in the world, and almost all of it is genetically modified.________
[词义辨析]
raise vt.
(raised，raised)
有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义，意为“举起；提高；提出；饲养；养育；筹集；种植”
rise vi.
(rose，risen)
说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日/月/云/雾/烟/蒸气/温度/物价等，无被动语态
arise vi.
(arose，arisen)
主语一般为抽象名词，意为“(现象、问题、困难等)出现，发生”
⑥The number of deaths ________ from road accidents has been ________， which ________ people's concern about traffic safety.It is hoped that the government should take measures to solve such problems.
【答案】①举起 ②抚养，养育 ③提高 ④饲养 ⑤种植
⑥arising；rising；raises
4．concern n．关心；忧虑vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣
(1)concern for/about 对于……的担心
(2)concern oneself with/about… 担忧/关心……
(3)concerned adj. 有关的；担心的
be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与……
be concerned about/for/over… 关心……，挂念……
so/as far as…be concerned 就……而言
(4) concerning(＝about) prep. 关于
①There is no need to concern yourself with this matter.We are dealing with it.
你没必要关心这件事了，我们正在处理。
②They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with.
他们遵守规则，提供帮助，关心和他们一起工作的人。
③You can log on the website for more information ________ the club.
你可以登录这个网站以获取更多关于该俱乐部的信息。
【答案】③concerning
[温馨提示] concerned作前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的，相关的”。如：a concerned father一位忧心忡忡的父亲；all the people concerned所有相关的人员。
(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ，七选五)The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors.
[翻译]你房间的大颜色的决定涉及墙壁、天花板和地板。
5．access vt.进入；接近；使用n.[U]通路；机会；权利
(1)access to… 进入……的通道/入口
have/get/gain/obtain access to… 拥有……的机会/权利；可以接近；进入
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to 可接近的；可使用的；可以靠近的
①All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.
所有学生都有权进入道格拉斯厅楼上的写作中心。
②Postings on the Internet can be accessed from anywhere in the world.
因特网上的帖子在世界任何一个地方都能读到。
③Frank put the medicine in a top draw to make sure it would not be _________ to the kids.
费兰克把药放在了最上面的一个抽屉，确保不让小孩接近。
【答案】③accessible
[温馨提示] access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。
6．distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征
(1)distinguish A from B/between A and B 把A和B分开
distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同；使自己出名
(2)distinguished adj. 著名的；有尊严的
be distinguished for 因……而著名
①It is sometimes difficult to distinguish artificial silk from natural silk.
有时很难区分人造丝与天然真丝。
②He distinguished ________ in British theatre at a very early age.
他早期就在英国戏剧方面出名。
③He is distinguished ________ his sense of humour.
他以其幽默感著称。
【答案】②himself ③for
7．convenient adj.便利的，方便的
(1)It is/was convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便
be convenient for sth./sb. 对某人/某物来说是方便的
(2) convenience n. 方便；便利的事物
for (one's) convenience＝for the convenience (of sb.) 为了(某人的)方便
at one's convenience 在某人方便时
①Our house is very convenient for schools and stores.
我们的房子离学校和商店很近。
②We have provided seats ________ the convenience of our customers.
为方便顾客我们备有座位。
③I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions ________ your earliest convenience.
如能尽早告知你的决定，我将不胜感激。
【答案】②for ③at
[温馨提示] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
8．consist of由……组成，由……构成
由……组成(构成)
(2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 与……一致/相符
(3)consistent adj. 相容的；一致的
be consistent with 和……一致/相符
①Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
成功在于经历失败后仍能继续努力的能力。
②If what you say is not consistent with what you do，it will have a bad effect on your children.
如果你言行不一，这将对你的孩子产生不好的影响。
③The medical team ________ of five experienced doctors and ten skilled nurses will be sent to the earthquakehit areas.
由五名有经验的医生和十名熟练的护士组成的医疗队将被派往地震灾区。
【答案】③consisting
[温馨提示] consist of一般不用于进行时态和被动语态。
9．stand for代表，象征；主张
stand by 袖手旁观；支持
stand by sb. 支持/帮助/忠于某人
stand out 突出，显眼；出色，杰出
stand up for 支持，拥护，维护
①I like roses very much, for they stand for love.
我非常喜欢玫瑰，因为它们代表爱情。
②After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand ________ among the candidates and survive the test alone.
经过无数次的采访和陈述，在众多选手中我脱颖而出，独自一人在测试中留了下来。
③How can you stand ________ and see him accused of something he didn't do?
你怎么能眼睁睁看着他遭人诬陷而袖手旁观呢？
【答案】②out ③by
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Occupied ________ his office work, he didn't notice someone come in.
2．You can find Joe's house easily because his house is ________ (distinguish)from others' in the street by its pink walls and large windows.
3．According to a document released by China's National Tourism Administration, infrastructures will also be improved to provide more ________ (convenient) for the tourists.
4．A positive attitude，________(combine) with willingness to seek appropriate help and exercising solid study habits，will do much to determine how well you do in your studies.
5．It is reported that the pop singer is concerned ________ selling drugs.
6．Her bright clothes always make her stand ______ in the crowd and you can recognize her easily.
7．When it comes to my preference for entertainment in the spare time，I prefer gardening to parachuting，because the latter is a dangerous ________(occupy)．
8．The increase in home computers means that families have much easier ________(accessible) to information.
9．I regret to inform you that your brother is just the one we'll get someone ________(replace)．
10．Life mainly consists ________ happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist ________ struggle.
【答案】1.with 2.distinguished 3.convenience
4．combined 5.with 6.out 7.occupation 8.access
9．to replace 10.of；in
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The firm wants to avoid any embarrassed questions about the boss.
_____________________________________________________________
2．You might be entire mistaken by them in such conditions.
_____________________________________________________________
3．We can't just stand for and watch her die.
_____________________________________________________________
4．Animals differ in plants in that they can move when they are attacked by others.
_____________________________________________________________
5．Like other wolves, they form groups that protect their homes and rise their young.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.embarrassed→embarrassing 2.entire→entirely
3．for→by 4.第一个in→from 5.rise →raise
第二板块 经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．Not_all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有的汉字都是用来描述物体而发展的。
句中not all表示部分否定，也可以用all…not表示。
(1)部分否定：all，both，everybody，everything，always，complete，completely等代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。
①________ these books are ________ popular with people.
这些书并非全都受人欢迎。
②Not all historical buildings are attractive.
不是所有的历史建筑都是吸引人的。
(2)全部否定：no one，none，neither，nobody，nothing以及not…any(不可以说any…not)等表示全部否定。
③He told me all the news，but ________ of it was very exciting.
他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一个是激动人心的。
【答案】①All；not ③none
(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ，阅读理解B)But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.
[分析] 本句是简单句，not all表示部分否定。
[翻译] 但并不是所有的城市都在长时间内发展缓慢。
2．While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of practical use.
虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
句中be of use是“be of＋名词”结构。
(1)“be of＋名词”结构中的名词是抽象名词时，“of＋名词”相当于其名词所对应的形容词，说明被修饰的词具有某种特征或属性，常用的抽象名词有：use，importance，help，value，benefit等。这些名词前还可以有一些形容词如：great，little，some，any，much等来修饰，以说明其程度。
①A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development.
＝A harmonious family ________ a child's personal development.
一个和谐的家庭对于孩子的个人成长是有益的。
(2)“be of the＋名词”结构中的名词表示种类、数量、度量或表示不同的人或物的共同特征时，名词前通常带有冠词，常用的这类名词有：age，colour，kind，type，shape，price，size, height, width, depth, length等。
②Birds usually only fly together with other birds ______________.
鸟通常只和同类的其他鸟一起飞翔。
(3)“be of＋名词”结构可以表示名词与主语的根源关系，此时名词多表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍等，常用的这类名词有：family, blood, race, origin等。
③Their language is of unknown origin and can't be placed with any standard classification.
他们的语言起源不明，也无法根据任何通常分类来归类。
【答案】①is beneficial to ②of the same kind
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．Everything that is best for nature is not good for people.
→____________ that is best for nature is good for people.
2．This book will be greatly valuable to students of history.
→This book will ______________ to students of history.
3．The reason why I am not in favour of the plan is that.
→________________ I am not in favour of the plan.
4．English is sure to continue changing.
→________ that English will continue changing.
【答案】1.Not everything 2.be of great value 3.That's why 4.It is certain
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．现在，许多人成天忙于工作，忽视了对父母的关心。(be occupied in，concern about)
2．父母把我们抚养长大很不容易。(raise)
3．除了给他们所需的东西外，我们要在方便的时候尽量多地去看他们。(apart from，convenient)
4．亲人之间的爱和关心是任何东西都取代不了的。(replace)
【参考范文】
Now，many people are occupied in working.As a result，they ignore the concern about their parents.It's difficult for them to raise us.Apart from things they need，we should visit them as much as possible when it is convenient.After all，nothing can replace love and care among members of our family.
[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Like many languages spoken by people，Ayapaneco is dying.Only two people in the world still speak it，and they won't talk to each other.
Spoken in Mexico for centuries，Ayapaneco is one of 68 surviving languages in the mainly Spanishspeaking nation.The two speakers are Manuel Segovia and Isidro Velazquez.Though they live only 500 meters from each other in the village，the two men seldom talk to each other.Daniel，an American expert，who is working to make a dictionary of Ayapaneco，says the two men “don't have a lot in common”， and that Segovia can be“active”while Velasquez tends to mind his own business and stay at home.
While Segovia still speaks to his wife and son in Ayapaneco，neither of them can manage more than a few words.Velasquez hardly speaks his native tongue any more.Daniel is working to preserve the language in dictionary form before its last surviving speakers pass away.According to Daniel，Ayapaneco and other languages began dying out with the introduction of public Spanish education in the mid20th century.For decades，local children weren't allowed to speak anything else.Many people to cities，starting in the 1970s，also helped the dying out of native languages.
Ayapaneco is the name given to the language; Segovia and Velazquez call it“Nuumte Oote”，which means“true voice”．Neither man，however，speaks the language identically.The dictionary will contain two versions of the language when it comes out later this year.Those behind the dictionary aren't the only ones trying to save Ayapaneco.The National Language Institute plans to hold classes so that Segovia and Velasquez can pass on what they know to children，which they don't agree to.
It is thought that there are about 6,000 languages spoken on the Earth and that about half will disappear over the next 100 years.Let's hope the “true voice” isn't one of them.
1．From the passage we learn that Ayapaneco________.
A．belonged to Spanish at one time
B．is very easy for people to learn
C．has been spoken in Mexico for centuries
D．is the only surviving native languages in Mexico
2. Segovia and Velazquez seldom talk to each other in Ayapaneco because they________.
A．both dislike the language
B．don't get along well with each other
C．are too busy to talk to each other
D．don't share the same interests
3. Which are the main reasons why the language Ayapaneco started dying out?
a．No teachers liked to teach it.
b．Local children had to speak Spanish.
c．The surviving speakers didn't like to use it.
d．Many villagers went to live in cities.
A．a，b B．a，c
C．b，d D．b，c
4．How does the National Language Institute try to save Ayapaneco?
A．Write a dictionary of Ayapaneco.
B．Let Ayapaneco be taught at school.
C．Introduce a public Ayapaneco education.
D．Ask villagers to speak Ayapaneco.
【答案与解析】
1．C 细节理解题。由第二段的spoken in Mexico for centuries…可知C为正确选项。其余选项在本文没有依据。
2．D 细节理解题。由第二段的倒数第一句可知他们俩性格迥异，没有共同的爱好或兴趣。因此选D。
3．C 细节理解题。由第三段的最后二句可知b，d选项为Ayapaneco语言开始逐渐消失的主要原因。
4．B 细节理解题。由第四段的最后一句可知，国家语言协会为了拯救Ayapaneco语言，让学校教授这种语言。
B
(2019·浙江省高三“五校联考”)It was when I was walking to my office, trailed by three young people whose ages ranged from 16 to 25, flowing down the corridor behind me like the tail of a kite, that I thought of it for the first time.
This could be because I am not actually a mother.Until recently, I was not a “real” stepmother either.But I have been living with the man who is now my husband, Bernardo for 10 years and in those 10 years, not only have his younger daughters spent every other weekend and half of their school holiday with us but also his son has lived with us fulltime.In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.
Being a step mum is hard enough but being a sortofstepmother is about the most awkward position a mature woman can find herself in.With my sortofsteppies, I have occupied a place of influence, power and sometimes extreme anger by turns.I have stepped on a delicate path between being a grownup friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority—but not too much.
Love the kids or hate them, you must always remember that no matter how much you cook, clean, hug, comfort and discipline, you will never actually count.
To survive, I trained myself to love the stepkids as hard as I could, but not to care.It's a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position.I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework.I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home.Semidetached is the position.
5．Which of the following is TRUE about Bernardo?
A．Bernardo seldom cares about the kids.
B．Bernardo dislikes living with his kids.
C．Bernardo respects the opinion of his kids.
D．Bernardo doesn't recognize his wife as a “real” stepmother.
6．What does the author think of her role in the family?
A．She was totally favored by the kids.
B．She has acted as an enemy of the kids.
C．She didn't have any influence in the family.
D．She was the communication bridge between kids and their father.
7．What's the author's advice for stepmothers in the last paragraph？
A．Be partly engaged in kids' life.
B．Care little about kids' behavior.
C．Seldom get involved in kids' homework.
D．Become the absolute authority of the family.
【答案与解析】
5．C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.”可推断，伯纳多尊重孩子们的意见。
6．D 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中的“…between being a grownup friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority….”可推断，作者是孩子们和父亲之间的沟通桥梁。
7．A 推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句可推断，作者建议作为继母要部分参与孩子们的生活。
C
(2018·大连八中高三模拟)A supermarket checkout operator was praised for striking a blow for modern manners and a return to the age of politeness after refusing to serve a shopper who was talking on her mobile phone.
The supermarket manager was forced to apologize to the customer who complained she was told her goods would not be scanned unless she hung up her phone.Jo Clark, 46, said, “I don't know what she was playing at.I couldn't believe how rude she was.When did she have the right to give me a lecture on checkout manners? I won't be shopping there again！”
But users of social media sites and Internet forums(论坛) were very angry that store gave in and the public appeared to be supporting the angry checkout worker.“Perhaps this is a turning point for mobile phone users everywhere.When chatting, keep your eyes on people around you.That includes people trying to serve you, other road users and especially people behind you in the stairs，” said a typical post.
“It's time checkout staff fought back against these people constantly chatting on their phones.They can drive anyone crazy.It's rude and annoying.I often want to grab someone's phone and throw it as far as I can, even though I am not a checkout girl, just a passerby，” said another.
Siobhan Freegard, founder of parenting site www.Netmums.com said, “While this checkout operator doesn't have the authority to order customers to switch off their phones, you can see clearly how frustrated and angry she felt.No matter how busy you are, life is nicer when you and those around you have good manners.”
8．According to Jo Clark, the checkout operator________.
A．lacked the knowledge of checkout manners
B．played with a mobile phone while at work
C．had no right to forbid her from using her mobile phone
D．deserved praise for her modern manners
9．The third and fourth paragraphs imply that the public ________.
A．are used to chatting on their mobile phones
B．are driven crazy by constant mobile calls
C．ignore the existence of mobile phone users
D．seem to support the checkout operator
10．The attitude of Siobhan Freegard towards the checkout operator was________.
A．disapproving B．supportive
C．neutral D．indifferent
11．What is the main idea of the whole passage?
A．Whether we should talk on our phones while being served.
B．Why we can talk on mobile phones while shopping.
C．What good manners checkout operators should have.
D．How we can develop good manners for mobile phone users.
【答案与解析】
8．C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句和第四句可知，Jo Clark认为收银员没有权利要求她挂断电话。
9．D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，社交媒体网站和网络论坛的用户们对商店的屈服感到而非常愤怒，公众似乎在支持愤怒的收银员。
10．B 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可推断，他是支持收银员的。
11．A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是顾客在结账时只顾打电话，而没有注意到收银员的感受。故我们在接受别人的服务时，也要考虑是否该打电话。
D
(2018·北京市海淀区高三期末)Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nineyearold boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that “no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother's incompetence”. The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal locus of control(内控点)”. They believed that they,_and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. “Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning，” Bonanno said. “It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. “We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things，” Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways—to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”—changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
12．According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.
A．to think critically
B．to decide one's own fate
C．to live a better life
D．to recover from adversity
13．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The psychologists.
B．The resilient children.
C．Positive elements.
D．Internal locus of control.
14．According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that________.
A．your positive perception may turn adversity around
B．stressful events are more predictive than delightful events
C．experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering
D．a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time
15．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To teach people how to be resilient.
B．To encourage people to live through adversity.
C．To indicate people's perception varies from each other.
D．To compare different research findings about resilience.
【答案与解析】
12．D 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity won't know how resilient they are.”可推断，韧性是从逆境中恢复的能力。
13．B 指代判断题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，有韧性的孩子拥有心理学家所说的内部控制点。他们相信是他们自己而不是他们所处的环境，影响了他们的成就。由此可推断，they指的是有韧性的孩子。
14．A 推理判断题。根据第四段以及第四段最后一句“In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.”可推断，积极的认知可能会扭转逆境。
15．A 目的意图题。文章主要论述韧性的好处以及如何成为有韧性的人，因此本文的写作目的是为了教育人们如何有韧性。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018·大连市第二十四中学模拟)After watching foreign films and TV shows, many young Chinese people may have the opinion that the lives of American teenagers are quite different from theirs. 1 . Now, American teenagers are less independent than those previous generations. They drink less alcohol, work fewer parttime jobs and spend less time hanging out with friends.
Is too much homework to blame? 2 . Jean Twenge, a child development expert who wrote the study, said technology may be to blame. “These teens and young adults all have one thing in common: their childhood or adolescence coincided (同时发生) with the rise of the smartphone，” she wrote for The Conversation. 3 .
Kendal Brant,19，who comes from New Hamshire, U．S. is a freshman at university. He said he mainly uses his smartphone to manage his social media accounts. “People, especially teens, are spending more and more time attempting to present a better selfimage online, instead of actually improving themselves.”
A similar opinion was shared by Tyler McCall, a 14yearold from North Carolina, US. 4 . “I think it ruins true relationships and facetoface conversations，” Tyler said, “It makes you feel frustrated and could potentially take up your time and cause your studies to decline majorly.”
It is hard to say whether growing up more slowly because of smartphones is a good or bad thing. 5 ， which is nccessary for success later in life, according to Twenge.
A．This means that more time spent playing with a smartphone and less time spent on other things
B．He realizes that his smartphone use could have a negative impact on his social life
C．He believes smartphones play an important role in our life
D．Apparently, it isn't
E．Using social media and listening to music are the two activities that dominate their life
F．However, according to a recent study published in the journal Child Development, things are changing in the US
G．But some young people really demand more time for social and emotional development
【答案】1～5 FDABG
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018湖北八校高三联考)George Springer helped his team Houston Astros win the World Series in 2017.He was awarded the Most Valuable Player, __1__ his struggle is mostly hidden.His __2__is not in trying to hit a fastball, but in __3__it.He stutters(口吃)．
Growing up in Connecticut, Springer was the kid who would __4__ raise his hand in school, the kid __5__every time he opened his mouth.
“I was the guy who didn't talk，” he said.“I would __6__speaking at all costs.”
He was often __7__.Sometimes he was bullied(欺侮)．The phone was suffering to him.__8__were worse.If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say, he would __9__.If he was with his family, his sister Nicole would __10__for him.
He remembers a couple of attempts at speech therapy(语言治疗), but he said he was __11__with encouraging parents, an ability to __12__himself in sports, and a small group of friends who __13__.
“If therapy works for you, __14__.But for me, I also developed my own __15__ to handle it，” he said.“Besides, when I was around all my friends, it didn't really seem to __16__them.If I did it, they would __17__ until I was done, then finish the conversation.”
To help other kids __18__ the same issue, Springer frequently appeared in interviews and even agreed to wear a microphone __19__ during the 2017 AllStar Game.He then added “I can't let anything in life I can't __20__ slow me down or stop me from being who I want to be.” These 22 words proved it.
1．A.so B．yet
C．and D．since
2．A.strength B．fault
C．goal D．difficulty
3．A.talking about B．dealing with
C．thinking about D．playing with
4．A.even B．sometimes
C．often D．never
5．A.in delight B．in fear
C．in relief D．in trouble
6．A.forbid B．prefer
C．regret D．avoid
7．A.deserted B．scared
C．teased D．attacked
8．A.Classes B．Restaurants
C．Foods D．Debates
9．A.gesture B．weep
C．signal D．beg
10．A.take B．pay
C．order D．cook
11．A.blessed B．getting along
C．provided D．fed up
12．A.refresh B．relax
C．enjoy D．express
13．A.cared B．forgave
C．understood D．approved
14．A.interesting B．great
C．unique D．strange
15．A.ways B．interest
C．habits D．taste
16．A.amaze B．hurt
C．aid D．bother
17．A.laugh B．press
C．wait D．panic
18．A.raising B．facing
C．confusing D．settling
19．A.on field B．in school
C．at home D．on stage
20．A.grasp B．possess
C．control D．defend
【答案与解析】
1．B 根据语境可知，George Springer虽然被授予了“最有价值球员”的称号，“然而”，他的困难主要是隐藏的。前后句表示转折。
2．D 根据前面一句中的his struggle is mostly hidden可知，他的困难不在于尽力击打出一个快速球(棒球术语)，而在于谈论“尽力击打出一个快速球”。
3．A 根据后面一句He stutters.可知，因为他口吃，他的困难不在于尽力击打出一个快速球(棒球术语)，而在于谈论“尽力击打出一个快速球”。
4．D 根据上文He stutters.可知，由于他口吃，所以，小时候在学校他“从不”举手，每次要开口说话，他都“害怕”。
5．B 解析同第4题。
6．D 根据前面一句中的“I was the guy who didn't talk”可知，他总是“避免”讲话。
7．C 根据上文以及后面一句“Sometimes he was bullied.”可知，因为口吃，他时常被“取笑”，有时还被欺侮。
8．B 根据后面一句中的“If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say”可推断，打电话对他来说是煎熬，到餐馆点餐就更糟糕了。
9．A 根据本句中的“If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say”可推断，他常常做手势(gesture)。
10．C 根据常识可知，如果他和家人一起去餐馆，他的妹妹Nicole常常会为他“点餐”。
11．A 根据语境可知，他记得他尝试过几次语言治疗，但他说，他有幸拥有“鼓励”他的父母，用运动“表达”自己的能力，和一小群“理解”他的朋友们。
12．D 解析同11题。
13．C 解析同11题。
14．B 句意：他说：“如果语言治疗对你们有效，那‘很好’。但对我来说，我也慢慢形成了我自己应对口吃的‘方法’。”
15．A 解析同14题。
16．D 根据上文可知，朋友们理解他。由此可推断，当他和朋友们在一起时，似乎真的不“麻烦”。
17．C 根据语境可知，如果Springer结结巴巴的，他们常常会“等到”Springer讲完，然后，再结束谈话。
18．B 根据语境可知，为了帮助其他面临同样问题的孩子，Springer常常出现在采访中。在2017年全明星队比赛期间，他甚至答应在赛场上戴上麦克风。
19．A 根据本句中的“during the 2017 AllStar Game”可推断，他答应在“赛场上”戴上麦克风。
20．C 句意：然后，他补充说，“我不能让生命中我不能控制的任何东西减慢我的速度，或者阻止我成为我想成为的人。”
Ⅱ.语法填空
Last week，in an unusual way，a stranger treated me with generosity.At an Asian grocery store on a busy evening，I was shopping for the items I needed 1.________ my voluntary work of cooking breakfast on Saturday at a shelter for the homeless in San Jose.I went to the store 2.________(buy) tofu and vegetables.As I 3.________(wait) in line to finish the purchase，the lady next to me approached me to find out 4.________ I was going to consume the big box of tofu I was buying.Enthusiastically，I replied that I was buying food to cook breakfast for homeless people.
While I was getting ready to pay the bill，to my 5.________(amaze)，she offered to pay for everything.Despite multiple requests for 6.________ (she)name，she responded that she felt good because I was doing the kind of community work which her parents once received help from 7.________ they came to this country as refugees.Hence she wanted to take 8.________ opportunity to show her gratitude.
It was the 9.________(good) reward I had ever received for my voluntary work，10.________ began three years ago.In a strange way we are all connected and we feel for each other.That's what I call being a “human”．
【答案】1.for 2.to buy 3.was waiting 4.how
5．amazement 6.her 7.when/as 8.the 9.best
10．which
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
Last week I was doing my grocery shopping at a local store.I had purchased a package of sports drink and put it on bottom of the cart.In my haste，I did not put them in my car when I emptied the cart.Late on，I went back to the store and the cart wasn't there.One of the high school students that was collecting carts came by and I asked if anyone had turned on the beverages.She said she did not notice but with a bigger smile said，“When you could wait，I will go in and check.” A few minute later，she came out with the beverages.What a lift to know there are still honest，cared people out there!
【答案】
Last week I was doing my grocery shopping at a local store.I purchased a package of sports drink and put it on bottom of the cart.In my haste，I did not put in my car when I emptied the cart. on，I went back to the store and the cart wasn't there.One of the high school students that collecting carts came by and I asked if anyone had turned the beverages.She said she did not notice but with a smile said，“ you could wait，I will go in and check.”A few later，she came out with the beverages.What a lift to know there are still honest， people out there!
Ⅱ.书面表达
(2018·江苏省涟水中学模拟)以下是某报对以色列等五国国民阅读情况的调查结果。请根据图表及要求用英语为你校校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。
内容要求：(1)简要描述图表内容；
(2)描述该图表反映的问题；
(3)就该问题发表你的观点。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)可适当发挥，以使短文内容充实，行文连贯；
(3)短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：以色列Israel 冰岛Iceland
Recently a survey has been done to find out the average number of books each person reads every year in Israel, Japan, Iceland, France and China.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Recently_a_survey_has_been_done_to_find_out_the_average_number_of_books_each_person_reads_every_year_in_Israel,_Japan,_Iceland,_France_and_China.According to the survey, Israel comes first with 64 books; Japan, second with 40.Iceland ranks the third with 24, while France comes fourth with 11.It's a pity that China comes last with a miserable 0.7.
The survey shows there's a great difference in terms of people's reading rate in different countries, and Chinese people in particular lack the good habit of reading.
In my view, this is a very serious problem.Knowledge is now recognized as the driving force behind economic growth.If we don't read, how can we acquire the knowledge necessary to keep us with other countries?
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Research suggests that babies learn to see by ________(distinguish) between areas of light and dark.
2．__________(simplify) Chinese characters are widely used in mainland China since the 1950s.
3．As a green hand, he lacks ________(practice) experience.
4．English is one of the ________(officially) languages of the United Nations.
5．The popularity of Internet celebrities, or “Wanghong”， makes some young girls convinced that ________ (appear) really counts if they want to be successful.
6．When I write something, I hate ________(interrupt), so please call me later.
7．The new policy leads to no cigarettes ________(advertise) on TV.
8．They looked at him with a ________ (mix) of horror, envy, and awe.
9．These experts have made great ________(contribute) to wildlife protection.
10．Some of his most powerful ________ (write) are based on his childhood experience.
【答案】1.distinguishing 2.Simplified 3.practical
4．official 5.appearance 6.being interrupted 7.being advertised 8.mixture 9.contributions 10.writings
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．As is known to all, the world consisted of small particles called atoms.
_____________________________________________________________
2．Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly from size and shape.
_____________________________________________________________
3．Going to library is great help to your study.
_____________________________________________________________
4．I live just by the market, and I'm very convenient to go shopping.
_____________________________________________________________
5．He failed in the exam.That was why he hadn't worked hard.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.consisted→consists 2.from→in 3.在is后加of
4．I'm→it's 5.why→because
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