2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book1　Unit2　Growingpains


Book 1　Unit 2　Growing pains
晨读暮诵　单元话题——成长的烦恼

1．burden n．负担
2．reward v．奖赏
3．pressure n．压力
4．creative adj.富有创造力的
5．outstanding adj.杰出的
6．diligent adj.勤奋的
7．admire v．钦佩；欣赏
8．attitude n．态度
9．confidence n．自信
10．ambition n．雄心壮志
11．be tired out筋疲力尽
12．bring up抚养
13．behave oneself举止规范
14．be pleased with对……满意
15．lose heart灰心；泄气
16．look down upon看不起
17．be upset about对……感到难过
18．devote oneself to全神贯注于……，献身于……
19．show respect for sb.尊重某人
20．be in harmony with…与……协调/一致

1．As is known to us all，children spend less time having heart­to­heart talks with their parents when they grow older.
众所周知，当孩子们长大的时候，他们花很少的时间与他们的父母进行知心的交谈。
2．It is a common phenomenon in society that people are getting politer than they used to be.
人们比过去更有礼貌，这是社会上的普遍现象。
3．Only in this way can they better understand each other.
只有这样他们才能更好地理解彼此。
4．I am having trouble (in) communicating with my parents.
我与父母在沟通上遇到了麻烦。
5．I think it every child's duty to repay their parents.
我认为报答父母是每个子女的责任。

(2018·江苏省常熟市高一上期中)微信朋友圈已经成为非常受欢迎的社交平台。最近你班针对“是否应该允许父母看你的微信朋友圈”这一话题开展讨论，大家发表了不同的看法。请根据下面所给内容，反映讨论情况并表达自己的观点。

不同观点
理由
30%支持
1.青少年缺乏社会经验，需要父母的指导。
2．不允许父母参与，可能会使代沟越来越大，而允许父母参与微信朋友圈可以帮助父母与子女沟通并且使关系更加融洽。
70%反对
1.每个人都需要隐私，假如朋友圈允许父母看，我们将没有自己的秘密。
2．微信朋友圈是我们和同龄朋友交流的平台，如果允许父母看我们朋友圈，我们将无法自由地和朋友由分享我们的想法。
你的观点
发表你自己的看法并说明原因。(不少于两点原因)
注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
2．参考词汇：微信朋友圈 the Moments of WeChat
参与involvement　 隐私 privacy
代沟generation gap
Recently our class held a heated discussion about whether our parents should be allowed to see our Moments of Wechat.__________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
[参考范文]
Recently_our_class_held_a_heated_discussion_about_whether_our_parents_should_be_allowed_to_see_our_Moments_of_Wechat.
There are 30% of the students who are for it. The reasons are as follows: Firstly, as teenagers, we need our parents' guidance especially in terms of social experience.Secondly, without parents' involvement, the generation gap between our parents and us may tend to become bigger and bigger.Instead, parents' involvement can lead to better communication and a closer relationship between parents and children.
However, 70% of the students argue against it.For one thing, we hold the view that everyone needs some privacy.If parents are allowed to see our Moments, we won't have our own secrets.For another thing, the Moments of WeChat is mainly a way of communicating with friends of our own age.If our parents are allowed to see it, we can't share our thoughts with our friends freely.
In my opinion, it is meaningful to let parents see our Moments, which makes them happy and stops them from worrying about me.Besides, our parents feel like seeing our Moments, which shows their care and love for us.


[高频词汇]
1．________(n.)行为，举止
2．________(n.)(戏剧的)一场；场面；景色
3．________(vt.)辩解，辩白；防御，保护
4．________(n.)突发事件；紧急情况
5．________(vt.)值得；应得；应受
6．________(n.)解释，说明
7．________(vt.)处理；应付
8．________(n.)指导，引导
9．________(n.)争吵，辩论；论点，论据
10．________(n.)耐心
11．________(adj.)愤怒的，生气的
12．________(vt.)误解
13．________(n.&adj.)正常(的)，一般(的)
14．________(adj.)困惑的，不解的
15．________(adj.)身体的；物质的
16．________(n.)智慧
17．________(vt.&vi.&n.)平衡；抵消
【答案】1.behavior　2.scene　3.defend　4.emergency
5．deserve　6.explanation　7.handle　8.guidance
9．argument　10.patience　11.annoyed　12.misunderstand
13．normal　14.confused　15.physical　16.wisdom
17．balance
[派生词汇]
1．________(adj.)受惊的；害怕的→________(adj.)令人害怕的→________(n.)害怕→________(vt.)使害怕
2．________(vt.&vi.)(使)弯曲；弯腰，屈身→__________(过去式、过去分词)
3．________(vi.& vt.)挨饿，饿死；使挨饿→________(n.)饥饿；饿死
4．________(vt.)容忍；允许→________(n.)容忍
5．________(adj.)不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的；遥远的→________(n.)距离
[词缀归纳]
argument是由“动词argue＋后缀­ment”构成的名词。常见的含名词后缀­ment的高频单词：movement运动；government政府；judgement判断；announcement宣告；发表；treatment对待；equipment设备。
【答案】1.frightened；frightening；fright；frighten
2．bend；bent，bent　3.starve；starvation
4．tolerate；tolerance　5.distant；distance
[语境活用]
1．He wastes so much of his valuable time __________ (聊天) on the Internet.
2．Since teenagers have difficulty __________ (平衡) these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society.
3．There are many ________ (争论) against smoking.People who are against it say smoking does great harm to our health.
4．I made a full and frank ________________(解释)to the court.
5．This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday________(景色)．
6．In middle schools, teachers have difficulty h________ the problem of using the mobile phone.
7．What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you d__________ your luck.
8．She can no longer t________ the position that she is in.
9．Those who work deserve to eat; those who do not work deserve to s________.
10．The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an e________ is to stay calm.
【答案】1.chatting　2.balancing　3.arguments　4.explanation
5．scenes　6.handling　7.deserve　8.tolerate　9.starve
10．emergency

1．turn ________　调高(音量)；出现
2．can't ________ to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
3．be supposed ________ 应当……，应该……
4．do ________ 处理，对付
5．be hard ________ 对……苛刻，对……严厉
6．stay ________ 不睡觉，熬夜
7．mix ________ 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和
8．________ if 好像
9．insist ________ 坚持，坚持认为
10．________ present 现在；目前
11．along ________ 与……在一起
12．go ________ 经历；仔细检查
13．keep ________ with 赶上，跟上
14．________ a mess 杂乱无章，一团糟
15．depend ________ 依赖，依靠
16．take ________ 吸收；欺骗
17．let ________ 放出；泄露
18．be proud ________ 以……为自豪
【答案】1.up　2.wait　3.to　4.with　5.on　6.up　7.up
8．as　9.on　10.at　11.with　12.through　13.up
14．in　15.on　16.in　17.out　18.of
[语境活用]
1．I often mix ________ the girl in my class with her twin sister in another class.
2．I'm a new teacher, I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay ________preparing lessons.
3．If parents are too hard ________ their children, they won't tell them truth.
4．I haven't been home to see my parents for two weeks；I can't ________to see them.
5．The manager in charge of the project, insisted ________ staying up late to finish the job.
6．________ present, to prevent upsetting his mother with an argument, I am allowing him his freedom.
7．Many teenagers feel lonely，________ if no one understands them and the changes they are going through.
8．It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do ________ it.
9．Healthy eating along ________ regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.
10．When reaching home, we found it was ________ a mess.
【答案】1.up　2.up　3.on　4.wait　5.on　6.At　7.as　8.with　9.with　10.in

1．[原句]　The room is in a mess，with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.
[点拨]　with＋宾语＋介词短语　“某人/某物处于某种状态”。
[仿写]　父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。
________________________________， I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad.
2. [原句]　Listen to me，young man—we left you in charge!
[点拨]　left you in charge　为“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“使……处于某种状态”。
[仿写]　我希望你别老开着门。
I wish you'd stop ________________________________________________.
3. [原句]　Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.
[点拨]　has his arms crossed为“has/have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
[仿写]　他今天早晨把信打完了，并马上寄了出去。
He _________________this morning and posted it at once.
4. [原句]　Sometimes he acts as if he doesn't love us at all.
[点拨]　as if “似乎，好像”，引导方式状语从句，也可引导表语从句。
[仿写]　有些人一失业或失恋，就觉得好像到了世界末日似的。
Some people，on losing a job or a special relationship，may feel _____________________________________________________________.
5. [原句]　Also，every time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.
[点拨]　every time为名词短语在此用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
[仿写]　每次回家，他都会遇到严重的交通阻塞。
__________________________________，he meets with severe traffic jams.
【答案】1.With Father's Day around the corner　2.leaving the door open　3.had the letter typed　4.as if it were the end of the world　5.Every time he goes home

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．scene n．(戏剧的)一场；现场；场面；景色
on the scene　　　　　　　在现场；当场
appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
the scene of the accident 事故现场
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
①Most important political decisions are made behind the ________.
大多数的重要政治决定都是秘密作出的。
②The journalist，who was on the scene，interviewed the people injured in the deadly oil pipeline blast in Qingdao.
现场的记者采访了在青岛石油管道爆炸中受伤的人们。
[词义辨析]　
scene
“风景；布景”，常指“局部的、具体的风景、景色”，但景中可能包括人或反映运动状态。也可指戏剧、电影、现实生活中的场景、场面
view
指人们从某一位置，特别是从远处、高处(如窗口)所能看到的事物、景色等。还有“观点，看法”之意
sight
“视力；视野；景色；景象”。既可指眼前看到的景观，也可指历史名胜和当地特有风景，指后者时，常用复数
scenery
强调从美学的角度看，指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景
③We got a wonderful ________ of the lake from the hotel window.
④New Zealand is famous for its clean beaches，its friendly people and its ________.
⑤We will go to Beijing for the weekend to see the ________.
⑥Seeing the happy ________ of children playing in the courtyard，I can't help thinking of my childhood.
【答案】①scenes　③view　④scenery　⑤sights　⑥scene
2．deserve vt.值得；应得；应受
deserve to do sth.　　　　　　应该做某事；值得做某事
deserve doing/to be done ……值得被做
deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/关注
①Since this student worked so hard on the posters，she deserves a prize，too.
因为这位同学如此努力地画了这些海报，所以也值得奖励。
②They had some good players，so they certainly deserved ________ that match.
他们有几个好队员，所以理所当然地赢得了那场比赛。
③I think your suggestion deserves consideration/considering/to be considered.
我认为你的建议值得考虑。
【答案】②to win
[温馨提示]　“deserve doing”结构是主动形式表示被动含义，相当于deserve to be done。与deserve用法类似的词还有：need，want，require等。
3．insist vt.&vi.坚持；坚持认为；坚决要求
insist on/upon doing sth.　　　坚持做某事
insist that… 坚持/坚持认为/坚决要求……
①We insist on the highest standards of cleanliness in the hotel.
我们坚持酒店要达到最高清洁标准。
②He also insisted that they ________ enough space for children.
他也坚持认为他们应该给孩子们留出足够的空间。
③The doctor insisted that the patient was badly hurt and that he (should) be operated on at once.
医生坚持说这位病人伤得很重，应该立即给他做手术。
【答案】②(should) leave
[温馨提示]　insist that…
后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有：
一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(advise，suggest，propose/recommend)，四要求(demand，require，request，ask)，外加“敦促(urge)、想要(desire)和宁愿(prefer)”。
4．harm vt.& n．伤害
(1)cause/do harm to…　　　对……造成伤害/有害
mean no harm 没有恶意
there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
harmless adj. 无害的
①The dog seems fierce，but actually he's harmless.
这条狗看起来很凶，但实际上不会伤人。
②Although the cigarette case on which says：“Smoking is harmful to health”， large quantity of people still go on smoking and can not give it up.
尽管烟盒上写着“吸烟有害健康”，但是很多人仍然继续吸烟而不愿戒掉。
③Tom ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm ________ you.
汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉给我，但他并无恶意。
【答案】③to
[巧学助记]
Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when read on the Internet by millions of people.
一些看似无害的博客一旦在网上被上百万人读的时候就可能会变得有害了。
5．forbid vt.(forbade，forbidden)禁止，不准
forbid (doing) sth.　　　　　　禁止(做)某事
forbid sth. to be done… 禁止某事被做
forbid sb. from doing sth.
＝forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
①In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your skin is forbidden，especially if you are a woman.
在一些中东国家，暴露皮肤是被禁止的，尤其是如果你是妇女。
②The librarian forbade these books to be taken out of the reading room.
图书管理员禁止这些书被带出阅览室。
③Now，many governments around the world build nature reserves for wildlife or make laws forbidding ________.
现在，世界上许多国家的政府都在为野生动物建立自然保护区或者制定法律禁止狩猎。
【答案】③hunting
6．tend vi.往往；趋向 vt.&vi.照看，护理
(1)tend to do sth.　　　　倾向于做某事，易于做某事
tend to/towards sth. 倾向于某事物
tend (to)sb./sth. 照料，护理某人/某物
(2)tendency n. 倾向，趋势
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
①I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons.
我倾向于站在“反对”一方有两个原因。
②A team of medical workers were sent to tend to the survivors of the earthquake.
一组医护人员被派去照料地震的幸存者。
③I have a ________ to talk too much when I'm nervous.
我紧张时总爱唠叨。
【答案】③tendency
7．be supposed to应该……，应当……，被认为……
(1)be supposed to do sth.　　　　应该做某事
be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做某事(实际未做)
be supposed to be… 被认为是……
(2)suppose/supposing (that) 假定/假如……
(3)I suppose so. 我认为是这样。
I suppose not.(＝ I don't suppose so.) 我认为不是这样。
①Parents are supposed to trust their children，which is beneficial to their growth.
父母应该信任他们的孩子，这对孩子们的成长是有益的。
②You were supposed to have turned in your homework yesterday.
你本应该昨天交作业的。
③____________ your teacher saw you do that，what would he say?
假设你的老师看见你这么做，他会怎么说呢？
【答案】③Suppose/Supposing
8．stay up不睡觉，熬夜；没有倒塌，不下沉
stay away (from)　　　　离开，不接近(某人)
stay still 静止不动
stay in 在家里，不外出
stay out 待在外面，不在家
①The night before Dad's birthday, my sister and I stayed up late, putting everything together with some envelopes.
爸爸生日前一天晚上，我和姐姐熬夜到很晚，把一切东西都收在一起并放进一些信封里。
②I want you to stay ________________my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
③I think I'd rather stay ________ tonight.
我想今晚我宁可待在家里。
【答案】②away from　③in
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The place at which the bridge is supposed ________(build) should be where the cross­river traffic is the heaviest.
2．Climbing Mount Everest is a ________(challenge) task to all mountain climbers.
3．Under the ________(guide) of the teacher, we were able to finish the experiment.
4．Women focus on practical considerations in choosing a mate while men tend ________(be) romantic，often falling in love more quickly.
5．We know gossip can do harm ________our relationship, so you'd better hold your tongue.
6．The teacher insisted that the exercises were easy and that they ________(hand) in by 9∶00.
7．As a secretary, Mr.Li always keeps the manager informed of what's going on at home and abroad, so he deserves________(praise)．
8．Don't blame him for what he did.Lively behaviour is quite ________ (normally)for a six－year－old child.
9．Many university students want to live outside the school，but the school forbid them ________ (do) so，considering the safety.
10．I stayed ________ late to watch the film.
【答案】1.to be built　2.challenging　3.guidance　4.to be
5．to　6.(should)be handed　7.praising/to be praised
8．normal　9.to do　10.up　
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She along with her younger brother were admitted to Beijing University last year.
_____________________________________________________________
2．From the confusing look on his face, I knew he didn't quite catch me, so I explained again.
_____________________________________________________________
3．Have you ever felt upsetted that your mobile phone ran out of power when you were chatting with your close friend?
_____________________________________________________________
4．In my opinion，soldiers should always be ready to defend their country and people on any kind of attacks.
_____________________________________________________________
5．He is such a man who is always finding fault about other people.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.were→was　2.confusing→confused
3．upsetted→upset　4.on→against　5.about→with
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．Daniel has_his_arms_crossed and looks upset.
丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看上去很不高兴。
句中has his arms crossed是has/have sth.done结构，该结构有两种含义：
(1)“(主语)让别人做某事”，相当于get sth.done。
(2)“(主语)遭遇到某种不幸”。
①He had his car repaired soon after the accident.
事故后不久他就找人把车修理了。
②Many people had their houses damaged in the earthquake.
许多人的房子在地震中遭受损坏。
③Teachers won't have us ________________ from other students' homework.
老师不允许我们抄其他学生的作业。
【答案】③copying homework
has/have的其他常用句型结构：
has/have sb.do sth.　　　　　让某人做某事
has/have sb.doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
can't/won't have sb.doing sth. 不能容忍/允许某人做某事
has/have sth.to do 有某事要做

(2018·高考天津卷，单项选择7)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs taken.
[分析]　so引导结果状语从句；have sth.done构成have的复合结构。
[翻译]　我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。
　 　
2.Sometimes he acts as_if he doesn't love us at all.
有时他表现得好像他根本就不爱我们。
as if(＝as though)“似乎，好像”，在本句中引导方式状语从句，它也可用在look，seem，sound等系动词后引导表语从句。
as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态：
as if/though
①It looks as if it isn't clean enough to swim here.
看起来(海水)好像不干净，不能游泳。
②Once I was out of her life，it was as if ____________ born.
一旦我离开她的生活，就好像我从来没有出生。
③She stood at the gate as if ________________.
她站在门口，好像是在等人。
【答案】②I had never been　③(she was) waiting for someone　
[温馨提示]　如果as if引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词的某种形式，那么从句的主语和be动词可以一起省略。

(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ，语法填空)When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.
[分析]　本句主干为when引导的时间状语从句以及as if引导表语从句。
[翻译]　当去除食物中的脂肪和盐分时，食物的味道就好像少了什么一样。
3．Also，every_time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.
还有，每次我一看DVD，他就催着我上床睡觉，要么就是教导我要多花些时间学习。
句中every time是名词短语，它相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。类似用法的词语还有：each time/any time/the first time/next time/the last time等。
①________ I hear the song，I feel happy.
我每次听到那首歌都很愉快。
②The first time I met her，I felt as if I had seen her somewhere.
第一次见到她时，我感觉好像在某地见过她。
③I suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start, which might be easier for everyone.
我建议他下次开会时谈论一下他开始希望做什么，这对大家可能会更容易一些。
【答案】①Every time
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．当国王们让人修建这些金字塔时，他们也许决不会想到会发生这事。
When the kings ________ the Pyramids ____________， they perhaps never imagined this would happen.
2．每次他给布朗太太送信，他都不得不工作到很晚，因为她住得太远了。
______________________________ to Mrs. Brown, he had to finish his work quite late, because she lived far away.
3．我多么希望每个家庭都有一个大房子，有一个花园，花园里种植美丽的花啊。
How I wish every family ____________ with a garden with beautiful flowers growing in it!
4．她如此努力地学英语，就好像要去美国一样。
She learns English so hard ____________________ to the US.
5．随着微信在中国越来越普及，我们似乎失去了面对面聊天的艺术。
With WeChat ____________________ in China, we seem __________(lose) the art of chatting face­to­face.
【答案】1.had；built for them　2.Every time he delivered a letter　3.had a large house　4.as if /though she would go
5．becoming more and more popular; to lose
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。
1．青春期是我们青少年走向成年的一段时期。(adolescence)
2．在这段时期，我们除了经历一些身体的变化之外，还要经历心理的变化。(go through)
3．我们的父母不能容忍我们认为是平常的一些行为。(tolerate)
4．虽然烦恼似乎多于收获，但是我们相信这两者使我们的少年时代变得更加丰富多彩。(although)
【参考范文】
Adolescence is a period when we teenagers grow to adults. During this period we go through some psychological changes as well as physical changes.
We desire independence, and want to act like adults. But our parents can't tolerate our behavior which we think is normal.
Although it seems that pains are more than gains, we believe both of them make our teenage years more colorful.


[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·湖北省八校高三联考)Choosing where to live may be one of the biggest decisions you'll make when you move to Sydney, but you'll have plenty of help.
Temporary arrival accommodation
Before you move to Sydney, we recommend that you book a temporary place to stay.Once you get here, you can look for longer­term accommodation.
—sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short­term
On­campus­residential colleges (fully catered饮食全包的)
The University has eight residential colleges on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus, including International House, a residential community of global scholars.Colleges provide comfortable, fully furnished single rooms and daily meals, along with sporting, cultural, leadership and social programs.They also include on­site tutorials(辅导课) in addition to campus­based classes.
—sydney.edu.au/colleges
On­campus residences (self­catered饮食自理的)
The University has two self­run residences—Queen Mary Building (QMB) and Abercrombie Student Accommodation—on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus.Both just under a year old, they house up to 1,000 students.These residences provide modern single­study rooms with large common living, learning and study spaces, shared kitchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop gardens.
—sydney.edu.au/campus­life/accommodation/live­on­campus.html
Off­campus living
More than 90 percent of our students live off campus.The University is close to many dynamic and multicultural suburbs such as Annandale, Newtown, Chippendale and Glebe.A great place to search is our large online database of properties.
—sydney.edu.au/campus­life/accommodation/live­off­campus.
1．Where can you find a place to live temporarily?
A．On sydney.edu.au/colleges.
B．On sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short­term.
C．On sydney.edu.au/campus­life/accommodation/live­on­campus.html.
D．On sydney.edu.au/campus­life/accommodation/live­off­campus.html.
2．What do students living in QMB have access to?
A．Their own kitchens.
B．On­site tutorials.
C．Daily meals.
D．Gyms.
3．What is the most popular choice among students?
A．Living off campus.
B．Living in host families.
C．Living in self­catered flats on campus.
D．Living in fully catered houses on campus.
【答案与解析】
1．B　细节理解题。根据Temporary arrival accommodation可知，在你搬到悉尼之前，我们建议你预订一个临时住宿的地方。一旦你到了这里，你可以寻找更长期的住处。因此在sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short­term上可找到临时居住的地方。
2．D　细节理解题。根据On­campus residences (self­catered饮食自理的)第三句中“…shared kitchens, a theatre，gyms…”可知住在QMB的学生可使用健身房。
3．A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句More than 90 percent of our students live off campus.可知，大多数学生选择外宿。
B
(2019·浙江省温州市普通高中选考适应性测试)Copenhageners (哥本哈根市民) love their bikes.Cycling is fast, convenient, healthy, climate­friendly, enjoyable and cheap.Copenhageners honestly love their bikes no matter what their financial income is.Even top politicians ride their bikes every day to parliament (国会)．
Currently, Copenhagen is building even more green routes and bridges through Copenhagen to ensure a safe and green transport route for cyclists.Cycle super highways are already a reality, leading cyclists in and out of the city from as far as 15 kilometres away.
Thus Copenhagen is a city that invites you to cycle.It is simply our way of life, and if you want to experience it the local way, you have to cycle around.As a first time visitor in Copenhagen, the number of bicycles on the streets can be overwhelming, but you will soon get the hang of it and start loving it.
Many hotels in Copenhagen provide bicycles for their guests.There are plenty of bike rentals and bike tours on offer, or you can rent one of the new electric city bikes for a very low cost per hour.In 1995, Copenhagen was one of the first cities in the world to launch free city bikes for its citizens and visitors.The first generation of bikes later retired, and in 2013，a brand new generation of electric city bikes with GPS and tourist information was introduced.Now, some 1,800 bikes are spread across the streets of the Danish capital.
It is no wonder that The International Cycling Union, UCI, appointed Copenhagen the first official Bike City in the world and it has been ranked the world's top cycling city for two years in a row.Other cities, such as New York, look to Copenhagen for inspiration.Danish architect and urban planner Jan Gehl is famous for teaching other cities around the world how to plan for a bike culture.It even has its own term: “copenhenization” or “to copenhagenize”．
4．What is Copenhagen trying to do nowadays?
A．Guarantee a safe and green cycling route.
B．Appeal to politicians to cycle to parliament.
C．Construct more roads and bridges for vehicles.
D．Build a 15­kilometer­long cycle super highway.
5．Who is most likely to be the author?
A．A foreign visitor.　　　　 B．A city planner.
C．A hotel owner. D．A Copenhagener.
6．City bikes in Copenhagen are now________.
A．out­of­date B．free­of­charge
C．brand­new D．well­equipped
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Rise of Copenhagen
B．Bike Cities around the World
C．Copenhagen's Bike Culture
D．Cycle Highways in Copenhagen
【答案与解析】
4．A　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Currently, Copenhagen is building …a safe and green transport route for cyclists.可知，目前哥本哈根正在修建穿越哥本哈根的更多的绿色路线和桥梁，以确保骑行的安全、绿色路线。由此可知，A项正确。
5．D　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句It is simply our way of life, and if you want to experience it the local way, you have to cycle around.可推断，作者最有可能是哥本哈根人。
6．D　细节理解题。根据第四段第四句可知，现在哥本哈根的城市自行车设备好。
7．C　标题概括题。纵观全文，主要介绍哥本哈根的自行车文化。
C
When it comes to health，medical science has produced vast amounts of data and ordinary people can learn about it.We looked through the studies to find out exactly what you need at every age.

Babies under 2：Everything needed to keep infants healthy，including the truth about vaccine(疫苗) safety.
From 2 to 12：As children grow and change，so do their medical needs.Plus：How to fight the childhood­obesity epidemic(流行病)?
From 13 to 18：Health tips to help teenagers survive growing pains on their way to adulthood，and a look at the debate over mental illness in developing brains.
From 18 to 34：A reality check for young adults on how to stay healthy and out of the ER—and for those who find themselves there anyway，how to stay protected.
From 35 to 49：Fifty_is_the_new_30.But that doesn't mean that in your age，you can live like a college kid.
Follow these simple steps to help make sure you will be healthy for years.Also：When should women get screened for breast cancer?
From 50 to 65：Prepare for many more productive years by ensuring you get the tests you need，and maintain the body you've built.
Ages 60­plus：The longer the human life stretches, the more doctors understand about staying healthy even into the senior years.What you need to know is to make sure that you live long and live well.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Keys to a Healthy Life
B．Advice on Caring for a Baby
C．Living in Good Condition
D．Taking Good Care of Ourselves
9．From the first paragraph we can infer that________.
A．people now are more clever than before
B．people now willingly get more information than before
C．people now are more informed than before
D．people are forced to learn medical science
10．If your child is over 7 years old，you should________.
A．have him or her vaccinated regularly
B．pay attention to his or her mental health
C．not always give him or her high­calorie snacks
D．act bravely before your child
11．The underlined sentence in the passage means that________.
A．a person becomes the most energetic at 50
B．a person will never turn old from then on
C．a person will live in a completely new period
D．a person should get breast checked timely
【答案与解析】
8．A　主旨大意题。全文给出了在7个不同的年龄阶段需要注意的健康事项，故A项正确。
9．C　推理判断题。由第一段可知，现在人们有更多的途径了解医学知识，说明与以前相比，人们有更多的医学知识，而不是愿意学习。informed意为“见多识广的”。
10．C　细节理解题。由第二条建议(年龄在2～12之间)最后一句How to fight the childhood­obesity epidemic(流行病)? 说明了要注意孩子的肥胖问题，故选C。
11．C　推理判断题。本题可采用排除法。由本段But that doesn't mean that in your age…可排除A项；B项本身表述有误；本段结尾谈到妇女应注意乳腺癌的检查，而不是任何人，故排除D项。
D
(2018·广东六校高三联考)NEW YORK—A massive winter storm paralyzed much of the US East Coast on Thursday and Friday, dumping as much as 46 centimeters of snow from the Carolinas to Maine.It also caused flooding on the streets of Boston due to swelling storm tides, forced the cancellation of nearly 5,000 flights and closed businesses, offices and schools.
Some meteorologists (气象学家) classified the storm as a “bomb cyclone” for its sharp drop in atmospheric pressure would be followed immediately by a blast of cold air that could break records in more than two dozen cities and bring wind chills as low as －40℃ during the weekend.
From Baltimore, Maryland, to Caribou in Maine, efforts were underway to clear roadways of ice and snow as wind chill temperatures were to plunge during the day, reaching －40℃ in some parts after sundown, according to the National Weather Service.
Utility companies across the East worked to repair downed power lines early on Friday as about 21,000 customers remained without electricity, down from almost 80,000 the day before, and issued warnings that temperatures may become dangerously low.
“If the temperature in your home begins to fall, we recommend taking shelter elsewhere until service can be restored.You can find warming centers by contacting local authorities，” National Grid power company, which serves Massachusetts, said on Twitter.
Airlines canceled 4,000 flights on Thursday and hundreds more on Friday, according to FlightAware.com, an online tracking service.
Mayor Bill de Blasio said it could feel like －30℃ on Friday and Saturday nights with the wind chill.“This is a serious, serious storm, and may be the most severe in 2018，” he said at a news conference.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo declared a state of emergency for the southern part of the state, while New Jersey Governor Chris Christie declared a state of emergency for several counties.
12．Which of the following is NOT the consequence of the massive winter storm?
A．Breakdown of the US coast.
B．Flooding in Boston.
C．Cancellation of nearly 5,000 flights.
D．Closure in business, offices, and schools.
13．Why did some meteorologists classify this winter storm as “bomb cyclone”？
A．Because it will cause changeable atmospheric pressure.
B．Because the scale of this storm could break records in lots of cities.
C．Because of the deadly and destructive effects of this storm.
D．Because of the extremely cold air and the wind chills in this storm.
14．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “plunge” in Paragraph 3?
A．Decline steadily.
B．Drop dramatically.
C．Fluctuate violently.
D．Fall moderately.
15．About the rescue work, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A．People were making great efforts to rid roadways of ice and snow.
B．About 101,000 people were left without electricity on Thursday.
C．Residents can stay in warming centers until heating service is restored.
D．Aviation service hasn't been brought back to normal yet until Friday.
【答案与解析】
12．A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“NEW YORK—A massive winter storm paralyzed much of the US East Coast on Thursday and Friday…”可知，大规模的暴风雪使美国东海岸在周四和周五瘫痪，而不是纽约的海岸崩溃了。
13．D　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，一些气象学家把这次风暴雨称为“炸弹气旋”，是因为在这场暴风雨中，空气极其寒冷，寒风凛凛。
14．B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“reaching －40℃ in some parts after sundown”可知，日落后有些地区会达到－40℃。由此可推断，气温有显著的下降。因此plunge意为“急剧下降”。
15．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Utility companies across the East worked to repair downed power lines early on Friday as about 21,000 customers remained without electricity, down from almost 80,000 the day before…”可知，周五早些时候，电力公司都在努力修复被击落的电线，当时大约有21,000客户没有电，比前一天的80,000多减少了。由此可知，周四没有电的不是101,000客户。所以B项不正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018·辽宁省鞍山市一般高中协作校高三模拟)It's almost a common belief that the best food you can find in a place is not in the fancy restaurants, but in the backstreets where vendors(摊贩)gather.These spots are usually away from the popular tourist sites, 　1　That's how I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing with my American coworker.
We found a restaurant that sold dishes from Xi'an when we explored the area around our office one day.We decided to try it out.　2　I was confused, as that's the name of a famous British actor, so I asked her what she meant.She explained that she was talking about roujiamo, a type of Chinese food that comes from Shaanxi Province.I'd never had one before, so I tried one at her suggestion.
My first thought was that roujiamo was similar to an American hamburger.　3　My roujiamo was made fresh, so the bread was still warm.It was soft when I bit into it, and the meat inside was delicious and tender.
　4　 For example, in the US, there's a businessman named Jason Wang who's the CEO of a restaurant chain called “Xi'an Famous Foods”， and roujiamo is one of its most popular dishes.There are more than 10 “Xi'an Famous Foods” restaurants in the US, 　5　， which shows how popular it is there.Indeed, Time Out magazine named Xi'an Famous Foods one of the best Chinese restaurants in the US.
A．My coworker suggested that we try a “Roger Moore”．
B．Roujiamo is popular in other countries too.
C．The pieces of bread were like hamburger buns, with meat in the middle just like a regular burger.
D．But however it's made, it's still a tasty snack.
E．attracting about 140,000 customers every year
F．In fact, I enjoyed it so much that I ordered more to take home with me.
G．which means that to find them you'll need the spirit of an explorer.
【答案】1～5　GACBE
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018·河北省石家庄市高三质检)At the age of nine, I was taking swimming lessons at a pool.The day had arrived when I was to be tested to see if I could __1__ to a higher level class.
Fifteen of us were to __2__swimming from one side of the pool to the other and back.I watched as my__3__， one by one, tried and failed.Then it was my turn to __4__， I mean, my turn to attempt to pass the test.I was about halfway when I got __5__.I immediately stopped and __6__ the side of the pool, ending my test.Our instructor, a college student, was standing __7__ me.“Why did you stop？” he yelled, in a less­than __8__ voice.“I got water in my nose，” I __9__.
That's when this college student __10__ me one of life's great lessons, __11__ he probably never realized that.Bending down, he shouted, “So？”
“So？” The __12__ shocked me.It had just seemed __13__ to me that the answer to pain was to remove the thing causing the __14__.My nine­year­old brain had not understood the fact that a valuable ___15__ is worth achieving, however difficult to get there.Recognizing that, I was __16__ nothing would keep me from completing the test.In fact, I did it rather __17__ on my next attempt.Seeing me __18__ the test, almost all the others did so as well.
Life is a journal, and the road won't __19__ be easy.We have to focus on the final destination, not the__20__ along the road.
1．A.skip　　　　　　　　 B．refer　
C．advance D．add
2．A.take turns B．insist on
C．take risks D．put off
3．A.competitors B．classmates
C．students D．instructors
4．A.show B．leave　
C．fail D．observe
5．A.injured B．blamed
C．trapped D．choked
6．A.pushed B．pressed
C．grabbed D．controlled
7．A.above B．below　
C．beside D．beyond
8．A.surprised B．sympathetic　
C．annoyed D．cold
9．A.explained B．reacted　
C．declined D．urged
10．A.delivered B．owed　　　
C．taught D．promised
11．A.so that B．as if　　　
C．in case D．even if
12．A.problem B．excuse　　　
C．question D．voice
13．A.logical B．illegal　　　
C．ridiculous D．impossible
14．A.disaster B．discomfort　
C．damage D．fear
15．A.result B．advantage　
C．goal D．task
16．A.concerned B．sensitive　
C．embarrassed D．sure
17．A.slowly B．easily　　　
C．clumsily D．eagerly
18．A.attend B．take　　　
C．give D．pass
19．A.always B．sometimes　
C．ever D．seldom
20．A.sights B．barriers　
C．surprises D．harvests
【答案与解析】
1．C　根据空前的I was tested和空后的a higher level class可知，看看作者是否能进入更高级别的课程。advance意为“前进”。
2．A　根据第二段第二句中的“one by one”和第三句中的“it was my turn”可知，我们15个人轮流游泳。take turns意为“轮流”。
3．B　根据第一段第一句中“…I was taking swimming lessons at a pool…”以及第二段中的“Our instructor”可推断，我们15个人应是同学。classmate意为“同学”。
4．C　根据前面一句中的tried and failed可知，轮到作者失败了。fail意为“失败”。
5．D　根据第8空后的“I got water in my nose”可知作者游到一半被水呛住了，几乎窒息。choke“窒息；阻碍”。
6．C　根据语境可知，作者立即停下来，抓住了游泳池的一侧，结束了测试。grab意为“抓住”。
7．A　根据常识可知，作者在泳池里，作者的大学生教练应站在作者的上方。above意为“在上方”。
8．B　根据本句中的yelled可知，他的声音里没有同情。sympathetic意为“同情的”。
9．A　根据上文中的问话“Why did you stop？”可知，此处的回答是作者的解释。explain意为“解释”。
10．C　句意：这个大学生给了我人生中的一大教训。teach sb.a lesson意为“给某人教训”。
11．D　根据语境可知，这个大学生给了作者人生中的一大教训，即使他可能从来没有意识到。even if意为“即使”。
12．C　根据上文的问句“So？”可知，指这个问题使作者感到震惊。question意为“问题”。
13．A　根据语境可知，对作者来说，痛苦的答案是把导致不适的(discomfort)东西去掉似乎是一种逻辑。logical意为“逻辑的”。
14．B　解析同上。discomfort意为“使不安”。
15．C　根据空后的“however difficult to get there”可知，有价值的目标是值得实现的。goal意为“目标”。
16．D　根据前面一句以及本句中的Recognizing that可知，作者确信没有什么事会阻止作者完成测试。sure意为“确信的”。
17．B　根据前面两句以及本句中的in fact可知，作者在下一次尝试时很容易就做到了。easily意为“容易地”。
18．D　根据前面一句可知，看到作者通过了测试，几乎所有其他的同学也通过了。pass意为“通过”。
19．A　根据上文可知，生活的道路并不总是一帆风顺的。always意为“总是”。
20．B　根据前面一句可知，我们应该关注最终的目的，而不是道路上的障碍。barrier意为“障碍”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
I was in the line at McDonald's.I was going to walk to order my food 1.________I noticed a young man，who was not having the best of luck and it showed on his face.He walked in carrying his 2.________(belong)in a torn plastic bag.
I moved over so he could order.He looked at the board，checked his pockets and didn't seem to have enough for anything.So he turned around and walked out.I picked up my coffee and followed 3.________out.He 4.________(go)maybe five paces when I shouted，“Hey！Do you want a pizza？” A little 5.________(embarrass)，he said，“I don't have any money.” I told him 6.________(come)on back in.We approached the cashier and I said.“What kind do you want？” He 7.________(whisper)，“Sandwich.” I said.“Go ahead.Tell her what you want.”
“Beef Sandwich，” he said.The cashier looked at me and said，“Is that it？” I looked at him.“Do you want anything 8.________？” “Can I have a coffee？” he asked me.I said，“Yes.Tell her.” He did.The total came to$2.30，which is small change 9.________(compare)to what the typical person spends in a day.
But to him，it 10.________(make)a great difference.
【答案】1.when　2.belongings　3.him　4.had gone
5．embarrassed　6.to come　7.whispered　8.else/more
9．compared　10.made/must have made　
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
(2018·安徽省合肥市高三模拟)On April 5, to celebrate the Qingming Festival, our class organize a trip to the Memorial of Crossing­the­Yangtze­River Campaign, that lies on the north bank of the Chaohu Lake in Hefei. The main building of the Memorial looks like a huge warship. How impressively the sight is! At the first, we together presented flowers to honoring those who fought for the freedom of our country and admire our great achievements. But then we toured around the Memorial. We viewed the pictures and valuable object of that time and listened the guide's introduction. Only then did we truly began to realize the importance of peace.
【答案】
On April 5, to celebrate the Qingming Festival, our class a trip to the Memorial of Crossing­the­Yangtze­ River Campaign, lies on the north bank of the Chaohu Lake in Hefei. The main building of the Memorial looks like a huge warship. How the sight is! At first, we together presented flowers to those who fought for the freedom of our country and admire great achievements. then we toured around the Memorial and valuable of that time and listened the guide's introduction. Only then did we truly to realize the importance of peace.
Ⅱ.书面表达
(2018·长沙市一中高三月考)假定你是校广播站的记者高三学生李华，有感于上周游橘子洲头时，景区里存在随意涂写，乱扔垃圾(to scribble；to litter)的行为。请用英语给市长写一封信，信中应包括以下内容：
1．说明写信原因及目的；
2．对这些行为进行批评；
3．提出建议。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结尾语已为你写好，但不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Mayor，
I am Li Hua, a student in Senior Three. _________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Mr._Mayor，
I_am_Li_Hua,_a_student_in_Senior_Three. Meanwhile I am engaged as a reporter in the School Radio Station. Due to the experience that I paid a visit to the Orange Island last week, I am writing to draw your attention to some improper behaviour among visitors there: littering and scribbling.
Not only does it make our scenic spot dirty and unpleasant, but also it does harm to the image of our city. I always feel ashamed whenever I see this. It is clearly not appropriate for a traveller to litter and scribble about. Therefore, I wonder if the department concerned could place more dustbins and friendly tip signboards around and set up specific rules against such behaviour. At the same time, visitors should be educated to develop good habits and better behave themselves.
I believe that, with the joint efforts of both the government and citizens，our city including every scenic spot will become a more enjoyable place in the near future. Thank you for your consideration.
Yours，
Li_Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He gave no ________(explain) for what he was doing at that evening.
2．I warn you that my patience is at the breaking point.I won't tolerate this ________(behave) anymore.
3．Jack insists on ________(buy) that house even though John has pointed out several major faults in its structure.
4．He was out of________(patient) when he was asked the same question again and again.
5．As a punishment, his father ________(forbid)him the use of computer, which annoyed him.
6．She works hard as if she never ________(know) fatigue.
7．I'm sorry I can't go with you. I have some clothes _______(wash)．
8．Don't be hard ________ the old man; he didn't mean to do it.After all, he is already eighty years old.
9．In the past few days the professor along with his assistants________ (work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
10．Fierce debating with strong emotion hurts feelings and does harm ________teamwork.
【答案】1.explanation　2.behavior　3.buying　4.patience　5.forbad/forbade　6.knew　7.to wash　8.on　9.has been working/has worked　10.to
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She, along with her parents, are leaving for Shanghai next Tuesday.
_____________________________________________________________
2．She didn't know what to deal with herself after she retired.
_____________________________________________________________
3．They were so frightening that they had the light burning all night long.
_____________________________________________________________
4．Laura told me that she couldn't go to the cinema with me on Saturday because she was forbidden go out at the weekend.
_____________________________________________________________
5．It was a struggle for him to finish the experiment, with the room in the mess after he finished it.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.are→is　2.deal→do或what→how
3．frightening→frightened　4.在第二个go前加to　5.第二个the→a