2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：6.3



[话题单词]
1．energetic adj. 精力充沛的
2．oxygen n． 氧气
3．circulate vi. 循环
4．remove vt. 运走
5．consume vt. 消耗，消费
6．accelerate vt. 加速
7．courage n． 勇气
8．healthy adj. 健康的
9．energy n． 精力
10．benefit n． 利益；好处
11．pressure n． 压力
12．burden n． 负担
13．relieve vt. 缓解
14．harmful adj. 有害的
15．optimistc adj. 乐观的
[话题短语]
1．take regular exercise经常锻炼
2．build up one's body/improve one's health强身健体
3．take an active part in/be active in积极参与
4．relax oneself放松自己
5．breathe fresh air呼吸新鲜空气
6．build our bodies增强体质
7．do good/harm to one's health对某人健康有好/坏处
8．form the habit of getting up early养成早起的习惯
9．keep fit保持健康
10．go on a diet节食
11．green food绿色食品
12．physical fitness身体健康
13．lose weight减肥
14．give up smoking戒烟
15．get rid of the bad habit of...改掉……的坏习惯
[话题佳句]
1．Physical training is very helpful to our health and study.
体育锻炼对我们的健康和学习很有帮助。
2．Keeping a regular physical training can help you lose weight.
经常进行体育锻炼能帮助你减肥。
3．We can benefit from the physical training，for example，it can make you sleep well.
我们能够从体育锻炼当中得到好处，比如，它有助于睡眠。
4．Everyone hopes to live happily and healthily in the world.
世界上每个人都希望自己活得既快乐又健康。
5．My favorite sports are skating and swimming，so I often go skating or swimming with friends at weekends，which helps me have a keen mind to report something on a fast speed and have a strong body to work.
我最喜欢的体育运动是滑冰和游泳，因此我经常在周末和朋友们一起去滑冰或者游泳，这助我有敏捷的头脑来快速报道某件事，还有强健的体魄来工作。
[佳作背诵]
某英文报健康栏目征文。请以“Health is wealth”为题写一篇英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。
Health is wealth
As Chairman Mao put it，“Health is the capital of revolution”，which tells us the importance of health. However well you study，hardly can you achieve anything if you are in poor health.
Whenever I think of my friend Lily，I feel deeply sorry.She was an extremely hardworking student.Whenever you took a glance at her，you would find her busy studying.Of course，her diligence did reward her，and many times she ranked first.However，her health broke down for lack of exercise.Just before the College Entrance Examination，she was diagnosed with a disease and had to drop out of school.
Never should we forget“Health is wealth”．Only if you are healthy enough can you make contributions to society.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待
②desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的
③ban vt.& n．禁止；取缔；禁令；谴责
④effect n．结果；效力→ effective adj.有效的
⑤strong adj.强壮的 →strength n．力量→ strengthen vt.加强；变强
⑥automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→ automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
⑦mental adj.精神的；智力的→ mentally adv.精神上；智力上 →physical adj (反义词)身体的；肉体的
⑧unfit adj. 不合适的，不相宜的；不健康的 fit adj. 合适的，健康的 fitness n．健康
⑨disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 →disappointing adj.令人失望的 →disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴 →disappointment n．失望；沮丧
⑩stress n．压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张 →stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的 →stressed adj.焦虑不安的
2．阅读单词
①lung n．肺；肺脏
②drug n．药，药物；毒品
③cigarette n．纸烟，香烟
④pregnant adj. 怀孕的
⑤packet n．小包裹，袋
⑥quit v. 离任，离校，戒掉；停止做
⑦alcohol n．含酒精饮料，酒
⑧withdraw v. 撤回，撤离
⑨prejudice n．偏见；成见
⑩tough adj.困难的，强硬的
⑪appendix n．附录，阑尾
⑫comprehension n．理解(力)
⑬female adj. 女的；女性的；雌性的
⑭awkward adj.令人尴尬，使人难堪的
⑮adolescent n．青少年 adj. 青春期的→adolescence n．青春期
⑯judgement n．意见；看法；判决→judge n．&v.判断
⑰illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legal(反义词)合法的
⑱accustom vt. 使习惯于 accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
⑲abnormal adj.畸形的；异常的；反常的→ normal adj.(反义词)正常的 n. 正常；常态；普通
⑳relaxation n．放松；松弛 →relax vt.使放松→relaxed adj. 轻松的→relaxing adj.令人轻松的
weaken v. 动摇；减弱；使变弱 →weak adj. 虚弱的 → weakness n．弱点
chemist n．化学家；药剂师→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的
ashamed adj. 感到羞愧或耻辱的 →shame n．羞愧 →shameful adj. 可耻的 → shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的
addicted adj.上瘾的→addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addict vt.使沉迷，使上瘾；n.有瘾的人→addiction n．上瘾，热衷，沉溺
breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breathe v．呼吸→breath n．呼吸
embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的→embarrassing adj.令人困惑的→embarrassment n．困窘，难堪
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The man had so little education that he was unfit(fit)for this job.
2．This hot weather is abnormal (normal)for February.
3．If you feel stressed (stress)，you should have a rest.
4．Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally (mental)damaging.
5．The film made all of us feel disappointed.It is really disappointing.(disappoint)
6．I believe it is time to ban (ban)drugs.
7．He really felt embarrassed(embarrass)，but he handled it successfully.
8．We should not be too quick to make judgements (judge) about other people，or we might be unfair.
9．Every day the newspapers tell stories of children worldwide who are abused (abuse)．
10．It will draw you closer together and it will strengthen (strengthen)the bond of your relationship.

1．“结果，效果”家族
①effect n．结果；效力，影响，作用
②result n．结果，效果
③outcome n．结果
④consequence n．结果，后果
⑤impact n．影响，作用
⑥influence n．影响，作用
2．以－able/－ible为后缀的高频单词速记
①acceptable adj.可接受的；受欢迎的
②accessible adj.容易取得的；容易接近的
③admirable adj.令人钦佩的；值得赞美的
④available adj.可利用的；可得到的
⑤comfortable adj.舒适的；惬意的
⑥fashionable adj.流行的；时髦的
4．courage 相关单词一览
①courage n． 勇气
②encourage vt. 鼓励
③encouragement n． 鼓励
④encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的
⑤discourage vt. 使泄气
⑥discouragement n． 泄气；灰心
5．“able”家族
①able adj. 能够的
②ability n． 能力
③disabled adj. 伤残的
④disability n． 伤残；无力
⑤unable adj.不能的；无能为力的
⑥enable v．使能够；使有机会
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①decide on 对……作出决定
②get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
③throw away 扔掉
2．be＋形容词＋to
①be addicted to 对……有瘾
②be accustomed to 习惯于……
③be likely to 可能……
3．介词＋名词
at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
4．其他形式
①due to 由于……
②feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
③in spite of 不顾；不管
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．Lack of sleep can put your health at risk.
2．Most of them turned up on time；only Tom arrived late due to the storm.
3．If you keep on ignoring the teacher's advice，you will get into a situation where you fall behind others in all subjects.
4．In spite of the bad weather，I had fun meeting friends and relatives.
5．Some students are addicted to playing computer games and some often cheat in the exams.
6．“Have you decided on a date for your wedding ？”the girl's mother asked.

1．“be＋过去分词＋to(介词)”必备短语一览
①be accustomed to 习惯于
②be devoted to 献身于，专心于
④be opposed to 反对，不赞成
④be related to 与……有关
⑤be used to 习惯于
⑥be reduced to (某人)沦落为
⑦be limited to 限制于
⑧be addicted to 对……有瘾
⑨be linked/connected to 和……连在一起
⑩be exposed to 暴露于；遭受
⑪be admitted to被……录取；准许进入
⑫be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋
2．“因为，由于……”的多种表达
①due to 由于；因为
②because of 由于；因为
③owing to 由于；因为
④thanks to 多亏；由于
⑤as a result of 由于……的结果
⑥on account of 由于
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.
你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
as引导非限制性定语从句。
正如我们知道的，除了美味的水饺，敬老院的老人也需要温暖和关爱。
As we know，besides tasty dumplings，what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.
2.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
(1)“do＋动词原形”表示强调结构。
(2)“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”结构。
①尽管戒烟对我父亲很难，但最终他确实戒掉了。
It was very difficult for my father to quit smoking，but in the end he did manage it.
②事实上，戒掉一个坏习惯付出的努力与养成一个好习惯是一样的。
As a matter of fact，getting rid of a bad habit is as much an effort as forming a good one.
3.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当疾病发展成艾滋病时，他才开始看上去有病。
It is...that...为强调句型。
正是当我到达电影院后我才意识到我把电影票忘在家里了。
It was when I arrived at the cinema that I realized I had left my ticket at home.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Let's Help Adolescents
Whether they are male or female，adolescents feel like deciding on everything themselves in spite of parents' instruction，1.especially(especial) when they face problems like sex，mental stress，etc.,2.which make them feel ashamed and embarrassed.Thus they often automatically get into troubles due to their 3.imperfect(perfect) comprehension and judgement.Some 4.are addicted(addict) to cigarettes，only several packets 5.of which will hurt their lungs and make them breathless quickly.Others can't quit drinking alcohol，whose harmful effects include causing young pregnant women to abort or give birth to 6.abnormal(normal) babies.The worst is drug abuse，for the 7.withdrawal(withdraw) is tough once their bodies are accustomed to the drugs.Meanwhile，those who share needles bought from illegal chemists are at great risk of 8.being infected(infect) with desperate AIDS.If so，neither 9.injecting(inject) nor taking pills can guarantee their survival.
However，don't be disappointed at or have prejudice against our children so easily.After all，being awkward is an appendix of youth.As long 10.as we strengthen communication with them instead of only banning this or banning that，we will surely help them avoid anything unfit.


stress n．压力；重音
vt.加压力于；使紧张
(教材原句)Others may think it will help them with stress in their lives...
其他人认为它将有助于(缓减)他们生活中的压力……
拓展词：stressful adj.产生压力的(指物)
stressed adj.焦虑不安的；有压力的(指人)
(1)under stress承受压力
suffer from stress承受压力
lay/place/put stress on...强调……
(2)stress that...强调……
stress the importance of强调……的重要性
(1)One of the most effective ways to reduce stress(stress) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
(2)语境活用
The manager always stresses(stress)the importance of hard work.However，after a stressful(stress)week of work，all the employees were extremely stressed (stress)and tired.They complained that few could work efficiently under stress.
经理总是强调辛勤工作的重要性。然而一周紧张的工作之后，所有的雇员都心力交瘁，疲惫不堪。他们抱怨说几乎没有人能在压力之下高效地工作。
(3)写作能力提升
The mice died because they became stressed by the repeated changes to their body clocks.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)
→Stressed by the repeated changes to their body clocks，the mice died.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)What I want to stress(stress) is that our group is looking for new members right now.
addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
(教材原句)You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
你知道，在青春期时我也吸烟并且还上了瘾。
拓展词：addict v．使沉溺；使上瘾；n.有瘾的人
addiction n．癖好；上瘾
addictive adj.上瘾的；使人入迷的
(1)be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth.沉溺于(做)某事
(2)addict oneself to沉溺于
(3)have addiction to对……上瘾；有癖好
(1)He was hopelessly addicted(addict) to(＝hopelessly addicted himself to)poetry and hoped one day to be a poet himself.他沉迷于诗歌，希望有一天自己成为诗人。
(2)语境活用
He got totally addicted(addict)to alcohol，and his son addicted(addict)himself to computer games.Addicted (addict)to computer games，his son has lost interest in his lessons，which makes his wife very angry.他对酒完全上了瘾，而且他的儿子迷上了电脑游戏。由于迷恋于电脑游戏，他的儿子对功课失去了兴趣，这使他的妻子非常生气。
(3)写作能力提升
The boy was addicted to computer games，and he didn't want to study.
①The boy addicted himself to computer games，and he didn't want to study.(用动词addict改写)
②Addicted to computer games，the boy didn't want to study.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
effect n．结果；影响；效力；作用
(教材原句)When I was young，I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。
拓展词：effective adj.有效的；有影响的
effectively adv.有效地
effectiveness n．[U]有效性
efficiency n．[U]效率；效能
efficient adj.有效率的；高效能的
(1)in effect 事实上；实际上
be of no effect无效果的
side effect副作用
have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响
come/go into effect/take effect生效；实施
bring/carry/put...into effect实施；使生效/起作用
have a big/no effect on对……有很大/没有影响
(2)affect vt.影响
[要点释疑]
注意区别affect和effect：affect是动词，意为“影响”；effect为名词，意为“影响”。affect＝have an effect on。
(1)“Have a nice day” is a wonderful phrase，reminding us，in effect，to enjoy the moment.“祝你愉快”是个美妙的词语，实际上它在提醒我们要享受时光。
(2)If you can find whatever learning method suits you，your learning efficiency is likely to improve greatly.
如果你能找到适合自己的学习方法，你的学习效率有可能大大提高。
(3)用effect相关短语的适当形式填空
①So in effect the government has lowered taxes for the rich and raised them for the poor.
②My parents' divorce had a big effect on me.
③The morphine(吗啡)was starting to take effect and the pain eased.
④The regulations came into effect days after last month's incidents.
(4)写作能力提升
潮湿的天气对大多数人的健康都有影响。
①Wet weather has an effect on the health of most people.(effect)
②Wet weather affects the health of most people.(affect)
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)So far there is no effective(effect ) way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
(教材原句)If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.如果你因意志薄弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得惭愧。
拓展词：shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的；不体面的
shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧
(1)be/feel ashamed of因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事
feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
be ashamed that...感到羞耻，感到惭愧
(2)……真让人遗憾
真可惜！
(1)He was ashamed(ashame) to cheat，because he realized that it was shameful to cheat in the exam.
他为作弊而羞愧，因为他认识到考试作弊是可耻的。
(2)语境活用
Didn't you feel ashamed(ashame)for yourself when you did the shameful(shame) thing！What a shame that you should be such a cruel man!
当你做这件可耻的事时，你不为自已感到羞愧吗？真可惜，你竟是这么一个残酷的人。
(3)单句语法填空
①We thought his behavior was shameful(shame)．
②I'm ashamed(shame) to leave you this way.
③It is a shame that we lost the game.
④He was ashamed to ask(ask)such a simple question.
(4)写作能力提升
He was ashamed of what happened and bowed his head.(用形容词短语作原因状语改写)
→Ashamed of what happened，he bowed his head.

in spite of不管；不顾
(教材原句)In spite of all his efforts he failed.
尽管他做了所有努力，但还是失败了。
(1)不管；不顾
(2)in spite of the fact that...(同位语从句)
＝(al)though＋从句 虽然……；尽管……
[要点释疑]
(1)in spite of与despite，regardless of同义，常可换用。in spite of为普通用语，despite多用于书面语言，despite不与of连用。
(2)although/though也是“尽管；不管；不顾”的意思，但用作从属连词，后面接让步状语从句。in spite of/despite＋n.＝although＋从句。
(1)He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do，regardless of other people's feelings.他怎么想就怎么说，想做什么就做什么，不考虑别人的感受。
(2)He went out despite/in spite of/regardless of the bad weather.虽然天气不好，他还是出去了。
(3)写作能力提升
①Regardless of/In spite of/Despite expense，we must take every measure to save the old man's life.
②Although/Though it costs too much，we must take every measure to save the old man's life.
③No matter how/However much it will cost，we must take every measure to save the old man's life.
不管费用多少，我们必须采取一切措施抢救这位老人。
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing，the industry has many challenges to overcome.
take risks(a risk)冒险
(教材原句)He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他觉得每一步都得作出决定而不是冒险。
(1)at risk处于危险之中
at all risks＝at any risk无论冒什么险，无论如何
at the risk of doing sth.冒着……的危险
run/take the risk of doing sth.冒着……的风险
(2)risk one's life冒生命危险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
(1)Men who had been stressed tended to take more risks(risk) in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.在这项实验中男性在压力下更容易冒险，然而女性却完全相反。
(2)Once when I was facing a decision that involved high(highly) risk，I went to a friend.曾经在我面临要做出有风险的决定的时候，我向一个朋友寻求帮助。
(3)写作能力提升
有一大家人要养活，所以他不能冒险失去这一次好机会。
①He has a large family to support，so he can't take risks/a risk to lose the good chance.(risk n．)
②He has a large family to support，so he can't take/run the risk of losing the good chance.(risk n．)
③He has a large family to support，so he can't risk losing the good chance.(risk v．)
get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
(教材原句)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！当然，对付毒品的最好的方法首先就是不能养成(吸毒的)习惯！
get into debt负债累累
get into trouble/deep water陷入困境
get into the habit of 养成……的习惯
get along/on(with)生活；融洽相处；取得进展；有起色
get away逃脱；离开；休假
get down下来；吞下；写下；使沮丧
get down to开始认真考虑
get in进入；到达；收获；插入；陷入
get off下来；脱下；出发；开始
get on上车
get on with sb.与某人相处
get over爬过；克服；熬过；恢复；原谅
get rid of摆脱；除去
get through到达；做完；通过；渡过；打通
get across使通过；被理解
(1)It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it.
负债容易还债难。
(2)用get into相关短语的适当形式填空
①When they got into trouble，they shared hopes and encouraged each other.
②With the appearance of the credit cards，more and more people got into debt.
③It's true that once you get into the habit of smoking，you'll find it extremely difficult to get out of it.

　I knew it was time to quit smoking.
我知道是我该戒烟的时候了。
It's time to do sth.到了做某事的时间了
It's time for sth.到了做某事的时间了
It's(high/about)time that sb.did/should do...到了某人做……的时间了
It/This/That is/was the first/second...time that sb.have/had done sth.这/那是某人第一/二……次做某事
(1)It's time for us to start.我们该动身了。
(2)It's high time you cleaned(clean) your room!
你该打扫房间了！
(3)单句语法填空。
①We have talked for decades about the energy problem；it is time to solve(solve) it.
②It was the third time in three weeks that such ugly scenes had been witnessed (witness)．
③It is high time that timely and effective measures should be taken/were taken(take) to deal with the worsening situation.
④He is already 70 years of age.It's time for him to consider (consider) his retirement.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move(move) on to lunch.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She quit (放弃)her job without prior discussion with her parent.
2．When I began to sing，he laughed and made me embarrassed(尴尬的)．
3．I'd prefer to reserve my judgement (判断)until I find all the evidence.
4．They accused him of having a prejudice (偏见)against his women employees.
5．The woman tried desperately(拼命地)to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
6．Recently，there has been a heated discussion about whether cell phones should be banned(禁止)at school.
7．It has been reported that some government leaders abuse (滥用)their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
8．A great many teenagers became accustomed (习惯于)to playing computer games，wasting their precious time.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He was determined to do it even at risk of being laughed at.risk前加the
2．I couldn't see anything ashamed in what I had done. ashamed→ashameful
3．I'm not accustomed to get up so early to do morning exercises.get→getting
4．Don't addict yourself to do such foolish things any longer.do →doing
5．Too many stress does damage to your health.many →much
6．The students banned from bringing cellphones to school.banned前加are
7．Kelly loves her husband in spite the fact that he has little money.the前加of
8．She's as good actress as she is a singer.good后加an
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
It’s easy for you to start smoking，but 1.once you become addicted to it，you may find 2.it difficult for you to quit.Firstly，you may become physically addicted to nicotine，one of the hundreds of harmful chemicals in cigarettes.Secondly，you may develop the habit of smoking and finally become 3.mentally (mental)addicted to it.
Smoking may have all kinds of harmful effects 4.on the health of both the smokers themselves and non－smokers around them.It not only affects your physical fitness，but also 5.does harm to your heart and lungs and causes a variety of diseases.6.Being(be) a smoker，the offensive smell and appearance of you may drive people around you away.So，it’s important 7.that one quits smoking and lives a healthier life.
To quit smoking，you should be well－prepared and make a list of all the benefits 8.that you may get after quitting.Developing some new habits like listening to music，reading novels or doing housework may distract your attention and help you to forget your need for a cigarette.But if you really feel bad，you should consult 9.a doctor or chemist to get some 10.professional (profession) help.Remember，if you keep trying，you will eventually succeed.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
HIV is a virus that weaken a person’s immune system.You can have a HIV in your blood for a long time.However，eventual it will damage your immune system so much as your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness was called AIDS.So far，almost everyone who has developed AIDS died.HIV is spread through blood or the fluid where carries the virus.The virus gets inside the body through breaking skin，or by injection.Certainly，scientists will find a cure to HIV/AIDS one day.But before that happens，you need to protect myself.
答案：
HIV is a virus that a person’s immune system.You can have a HIV in your blood for a long time.However， it will damage your immune system so much your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness called AIDS.So far，almost everyone who has developed AIDS died.HIV is spread through blood or the fluid carries the virus.The virus gets inside the body through skin，or by injection.Certainly，scientists will find a cure HIV/AIDS one day.But before that happens，you need to protect .
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．正如所有人都承认的，健康是世界上最珍贵的东西。
2．换句话说，健康就是一切。失去健康就失去一切。
3．人人都要采取措施保持健康。
4．平衡饮食，多吃水果、蔬菜，少吃肉和糖。
5．为了强身健体应进行适当的锻炼，如：跑步、游泳、远足、打球等。
6．良好的生活习惯也很重要，包括早起，早睡。
As everybody admits，health is the most precious thing in the world.In other words，health is everything.If one loses his health，he has nothing.So everyone should take all measures to keep healthy.Here are my suggestions.
We should have a balanced diet，eating more vegetables and fruits and limiting the amount of fat and sugar.To build up our body，we ought to do enough exercise，such as running，swimming，hiking and playing ball games.Good living habits are also important，including getting up early and going to bed early.