2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：6.4



[话题单词]
1．waste n．/vt. 浪费；滥用
2．pollute vt. 污染
3．environment n． 环境
4．plastic adj. 塑料的
5．solar adj. 太阳能的
6．frequent adj. 经常的；屡次的
7．vehicle n． 交通工具，车辆；媒介
8．victim n． 牺牲品；受害者
9．outcome n． 结局，结果
10．atmosphere n． 大气；气氛
11．circumstance n． 情况，形势，环境；经济状况
12．recycle vt. 再循环，回收
13．desert n． 沙漠
vt. 抛弃，遗弃
14．material n． 原料，材料
15．radiation n． 放射物；辐射
[话题短语]
1．be aware of意识到
2．environmental conservation环境保护
3．save energy/water节约能源/水
4．sort rubbish垃圾分类
5．plant more trees to improve the environment种植更多的树来改善环境
6．raise the awareness of environmental protection提高环保意识
7．the balance of nature自然界的平衡
8．the abuse of滥用……
9．protect the environment保护环境
10．cut down trees砍伐树木
11．It is a shame to do...干……是可耻的
12．take active measures采取积极措施
13．pour...into...把……注入……
14．form good habits养成良好的习惯
15．do great harm to给……带来很大的危害
[话题佳句]
1．As we all know，the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to the global climate change.
众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越暖和。
2．More and more cars will give out poisonous gases and cause air pollution，which does great harm to the environment.
越来越多的汽车将释放出有毒气体，导致空气污染，对环境造成极大损害。
3．The terrible pollution has done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings.
可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。
4．Everyone should take the responsibility to protect the environment./It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
保护环境，人人有责。
5．There is no doubt that air pollution is an extremely serious problem，so strong measures should be taken to deal with it.
毫无疑问，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，因此应该采取有力措施来解决它。
6．Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low－carbon life can we make a difference.
只有我们知道在日常生活中做什么，过一种低碳生活，我们才能有所作为。
[佳作背诵]
挥之不去的雾霾
近年来，雾霾多次袭击华北的一些城市，引起人们对空气质量的广泛关注。假如你是李华，是校学生会主席。你打算倡议全校同学积极行动起来，自觉抵制空气污染。请根据下面的写作要点，写一篇发言稿。
1．空气污染带来的危害：交通问题、疾病等；
2．分析空气污染的原因；
3．提出几点倡议。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students，
The foggy weather these days has caused widespread concern about air pollution.

That’s all.Thank you!
Dear fellow students，
The foggy weather these days has caused widespread concern about air pollution.It has brought inconvenience and harm to people such as traffic jams and road accidents.Besides，more people are suffering from throat hurts and even lung cancers.
Several reasons lead to air pollution in China.First，too many cars give off waste gas on the street.Second，a lot of fossil fuel is consumed in factories，which produces much carbon dioxide.In addition，the more trees are cut down，the less polluted air can be absorbed.
It’s time for us to fight against air pollution.We’d better drive less and choose eco－friendly products.More trees should be planted to absorb poisonous gas in the air.Persuading people to use clean energy can also improve air quality.
That’s all.Thank you!

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①average adj.平均的
②data n. 资料；数据
③trend趋势；走向；倾向
④quantity n．量；数量
⑤circumstance n．环境；情况
⑥glance vi.看一下；扫视 n．一瞥
⑦growth n．生长；增长→grow v．生长；增长
⑧decrease v．减少，减小，降低 → increase (反义词) vt.& n. 增长；增加；繁殖
⑨steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→ steadily adv.平稳地；持续地
⑩disagreement n. 意见不一致；相违→ agreement (反义词) n．同意；协定；协议
⑪educator n．教育家；教育工作者→ educate vt. 教育 → education n. 教育
2．阅读单词
①fuel n．燃料
②motor n．发动机，马达
③microwave n．微波
④graph n. 图表， 曲线图
⑤flood n. 洪水 vt. 淹没， 使泛滥
⑥advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
⑦subscribe v．订阅，订购(报刊等)
⑧catastrophe n．灾难，灾祸，不幸事件
⑨nuclear adj. 原子核的，原子能的，核动力的
⑩global adj.全球(性)的；全面(局)的；球形(状)的
⑪widespread adj.分布广的，普遍的
⑫range n．范围；种类；射程；排列vi.搜索；变化vt. 排列；排序；把……分类
⑬existence n．生存；存在→ exist vi. 存在
⑭phenomenon n．现象 →phenomena (pl.)现象
⑮state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．叙述；声明
⑯contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；投稿；捐款
⑰oppose vt.反对；反抗→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
⑱mild adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的→mildly adv.温柔地；温和地
⑲commitment n．承诺；信奉；交托→commit v．承诺；保证
⑳tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．趋势；趋向
present adj. 出现的， 出席的 n. 礼物， 赠品 vt. 呈奉， 奉送→presentation n. 显示；演出；呈现；展示
refresh v. 使恢复；使振作→ refreshing adj.令人精神振作的 →refreshed adj.感到精神振作的
economy n. 经济(情况)；经济制度；节约 → economic adj. 经济(学)的；经济上的 →economical adj.节约的；经济的 ；实惠的
casual adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的→casually adv.随便地；漫不经心地；偶然地
consume vt.消费；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．消费者→consumption n．消费；消耗量
consequence n．后果；结果；影响→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently adv.因而，所以
electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的；电器的 →electric adj. 电的；电动的 →electronic adj.电子的→ electricity n．电
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Many consumers (consume)complain about the high price of vegetables.
2．It was stated(state)that the president would make a speech next week.
3．There is a variety of animals ranging (range)from rabbits to tigers in the park.
4．The number of people having mobile phones is increasing steadily(steady)．
5．If something bad happens on a particular day，people have a tendency (tend)to associate that day with negative events.
6．A group of children were randomly (random)divided into two classes.
7．These experiments were to find the connection between the two phenomena(phenomenon)．
8．What newspapers and magazines do you subscribe (subscribe)to?
9．They felt that it was wrong to advocate (advocate)owning guns.

1．“环境，情况”名词家族
①circumstance 环境；情况
②environment 环境，周围状况，自然环境
③surroundings (周围的)环境/事物
④condition 状况，情况
⑤situation 形势，情况
2．后缀－ation必备名词集锦
①presentation 显示；演出
②continuation 连续，继续
③reformation 改革，革新
④declination 倾斜；衰微
⑤explanation 解释
⑥inspiration 鼓舞，激励
⑦invitation 邀请
⑧modernization 现代化
⑨organization 组织
⑩preparation 准备
3．“re－”为前缀的高频词速记
①refresh vt.使恢复；使振作
②replace vt.替换；取代；更换；把……放回原处
③resist vt.抗拒；抵抗；抵御；忍住 vi.抵抗；抵制；抗拒
④restore vt.恢复；使复原；使复位
⑤return v．返回；(使)恢复；送还 n．返回；归还；回报
4．与“电”有关的单词荟萃
①electrical adj.电的；与电有关的
②electricity n．电；电流
③electric adj.电的；电动的
④electronic adj.电子的
⑤electrics n．电路
⑥electrician n．电工；电学家
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词
①come about 发生；造成
②subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
③go up 上升；增长；升起
④keep on 继续
2．其他形式
①quantities of 大量的
②result in 导致
③be opposed to 反对……
④even if 即使
⑤on the whole 大体上；基本上
⑥on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
⑦put up with 忍受；容忍
⑧so long as 只要
⑨and so on 等等
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．With the house prices going up，more and more people can't afford an apartment.
2．We are still wondering how it came about that the experiment ended in failure.
3．What I can't put up with is that he never cares about others' feelings.
4．The traffic accident resulted from the driver's carelessness，resulting in the death of 3 people.
5．It is the teacher as well as the students who subscribes to the idea that we should do something for the poor old man.
6．Even if we fail，we can learn from those failures.

1．“动词＋about”必备短语一览
①argue about 争论
②bring about 带来
③care about 在意
④complain about 抱怨
⑤come about 发生；造成
⑥hear about 听说
⑦know about 了解
⑧talk about 谈论
⑨think about 考虑
⑩worry about 担心
2．“动词短语＋with”必备短语荟萃
①end up with 以……结束
②do away with 废除
③get on(along) with 和……相处
④deal with 处理，应付
⑤go on with 继续
⑥catch up with 赶上
⑦keep up with 跟上
⑧put up with 忍受
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer...
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖……
There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。
毫无疑问，你们提供的交换生活动非常有意义。
There is no doubt that the exchanging student program offered by you is very meaningful.
2.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
even if/though“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。
Dean still refused to join in the game，even if/though we all did our best to persuade him.
3.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
只要我们不失去信心，继续努力，我们一定能克服困难，实现目标。
So/As long as we don’t lose heart and keep on trying，we are sure to get over difficulties，and achieve our aims.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Refresh Our Environment
As the director stated on behalf of his researching group，the data of this graph makes a clear 1.presentation(present) of the future environmental tendency.On one hand，the quantity of fuel keeps on 2.decreasing(decrease) by 9% per year while the growth of a wide range of pollution has been a global trend.On the other hand，the mildly but steadily going 3.up of the average temperature is resulting in catastrophes like widespread floods.Without disagreement，they subscribe to the view 4.that it is humans'existence and their randomly consuming energy that result in this phenomenon.
Many people have a commitment that 5developing(develop) nuclear power or energy from outer space will stop bad consequences coming about.However，scientists and educators 6.are opposed(oppose) to this view even if our needs may be met on the whole.They tend 7.to advocate(advocate) refreshing our circumstances by saving energy and recycling waste.8.It is suggested that we use energy-saving appliances such as electrical motors，microwaves and so on and not be 9.casual(casually) about little things like recycling a can.So please glance around and see what you can do.So long 10.as everybody makes contribution，we will not have to put up with this problem anymore.
Note：appliance /ə'plaɪəns/ n．器具，器械，装置；家用电器


compare vt.&vi.比较，相比，比作
n．比较
拓展词：comparable adj.可比较的；类似的；可相提并论的
comparison n．比较；对照
(1)compare...with/to...把……和……比较
compare...to...把……比作……
compared to/with...与……比较起来(作状语)
(2)beyond comparison无与伦比；无可比拟
(3)by/in comparison with和……相比较
[要点释疑]
compare作状语时，如果与主语是主动关系，要用comparing，与主语是被动关系，则用compared。
(1)Don't compare your disadvantages with others' strong points.不要拿自己的缺点与别人的优势相比。
(2)Compared (compare) to/with the place where I grew up，this town is much more exciting.
与我长大的地方相比，这个镇子热闹多了。
(3)Comparing(compare) my work with his，I know mine is far from satisfactory.把我的工作与他的相比，我知道我的工作远远不令人满意。
(4)单句语法填空
①Young people are often compared to the rising sun.
②They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits.Compared with the French，the British eat far less fish.(compare)
(5)写作能力提升
和你的车相比我的很便宜。
①Compared (compare) with your car，mine is very cheap.
②In comparison (compare) with your car，mine is very cheap.
(6)单句语法填空
①(2018·北京卷)But compared(compare) with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.
②(2018·浙江卷)Dickens is compared(compare) with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress his importance in literature.




oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠；与……竞争
(教材原句)On the other hand，there are those，like George，who are opposed to this view.另一方面，有像乔治这样的一些人，反对这个观点。
拓展词：opposed adj.反对的；对立的
opposing adj.(只用于名词前)对立的；敌对的；(观点等)相反的
opposition n．[U]反对；相反；敌对
opposite adj.(无比较级，只用于名词前)相对的；另一边的；相反的
prep.在……的对面
(1)oppose(doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
oppose sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事(强调动作)
oppose sth. to/against sth. 使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
(2)be opposed to反对……；与……对立(强调状态)
as opposed to(介)相对之下，与……对照下
(1)Most of the students oppose having(have) classes on Sunday.大部分学生反对星期天上课。
(2)语境活用
Her parents strongly opposed(oppose) her going abroad，which opposed her will to/against her.So she was very sad，thinking it was her parents who were deliberately opposed (oppose) to her.
她的父母极力反对她出国，这违背她的意愿。她很不高兴，并认为父母是故意和她对立。
(3)写作能力提升句式升级
The government postponed the new plan because a lot of people were opposed to it.(用with复合结构改写)
With a lot of people opposed to/opposing the new proposal，the government postponed it.
average adj.平均的；普通的
n．平均；平均数
vt.&vi.算出……的平均数；平均为
(教材原句)The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15℃.
温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15℃。
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)……
the average of... ……的平均数
on(an/the)average平均；一般地
above/below(the)average在平均水平以上/以下
up to(the)average 达到平均数……
[要点释疑]
“an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
(1)There was nothing special about the film—it was only average.这部电影没什么特别的——它只是部普通的电影。
(2)The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily.
这家旅馆平均每天接待50至100名外国客人。
(3) It's said that the paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.据说这个报社平均每天要收到百来篇来稿。
(4)单句语法填空
①The average of these numbers is(be) 50.
②An average of 10 students were(be) absent each day last term.
③On average we receive ten letters each day.
(5)写作能力提升
①With the help of the teacher，Mary's physics is now up to the average(现在已达到平均水平)．
②Her brother is above average(在平均水平以上) in his reading ability.

result in导致
(教材原句)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料才导致了二氧化碳的增加。
(1)result in(＝cause)引起；导致；造成(后接结果)
result from...由于……而引起(后接原因)
(2)as a result结果(作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和后面句子隔开)
as a result of 由于……的原因
without result毫无结果
(1)Failure results from laziness and hard work results in success.失败源于懒惰，努力工作可导致成功。
(2)The remarkable achievements have resulted from over 30 years of reform and opening up in China.
中国改革开放30多年取得了举世瞩目的成绩。
(3)用result相关短语的适当形式填空。
①The boom in building has resulted in the local land being more valuable now for houses.
②All singers kept together.As a result，their performance was successful.
③As a result of your carelessness，the whole project should be put off at least one month.
(4)语境活用
Global warming results from the burning of fossil fuels，such as petroleum products，resulting(result)in the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
全球变暖是燃烧石油等矿物燃料引起的，从而导致了温室气体被排放到大气中。
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
put up with容忍；忍受
(教材原句) We do not have to put up with pollution.
我们不必去忍受污染。
(1)put up 张贴；举起；提出；建造，搭建；留宿；投宿
put sb. up 向某人提供食宿
(2)keep up with 与……保持一致；不落后
catch up with 赶上；追上
come up with 提出；找到(答案)
team up with与……合作，协作
(1)They had put up with behaviour from their son which they would not have tolerated from anyone else.
他们容忍了儿子的行为，如果换作别人他们可忍不了。
(2)写出下列黑体词的含义
①Noise is coming to the point where we can't put up with it.忍受；容忍
②He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting up for the night at the hotel.留宿；投宿
③The storm heightens，and we have to put up at this village for the night.留宿
④It's time we put up the Christmas decorations in the living room.建造；搭建

　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
as/so long as引导条件状语从句，相当于on condition that，provided/providing that或if(只要，如果)。
as far as到达某个提及的地方，在……范围内，就……而言。
as many as“多达………”“达到……之多”，与可数名词复数连用。
as much as“多达……”“达到……之多”，与不可数名词连用。
as soon as“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。
as well as也，还；除……之外。
as good as和……一样好，实际上，相当于。
(1)One's life has value so long as one contributes value to the life of others.
人只要为他人的生命贡献价值，自己的生命就拥有价值。
(2)I shall buy this house on condition that you sell it to me a little cheaper.
如果你把这幢房子便宜点卖给我，我就会买。
(3)I do believe in people being able to do what they want to do，providing/provided(provide) (that) they're not hurting someone else.我真的认为人们只要不伤害别人，自己想做什么就可以做什么。
(4)用as...as相关短语填空
①These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.
②Electric energy can be changed into light energy as well as into sound energy.
③She trained hard for the race，sometimes running as many as 60 miles a week.
④You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In China about three billion plastic shopping bags are consumed(消耗)every day.
2．Not only can taking exercise contribute to health but it also refreshes (使振作)your mind.
3．I first read the fashion magazine over a decade ago and have subscribed(订购)to it since.
4．Cycling has become a new trend (趋势)around the world，a good way of energy saving and low-carbon life.
5．In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wider range (范围)of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
6．In my opinion，although the Internet provides us with emotional comfort as well as large quantities(数量)of information，we should be careful while using it.
7．We advocate (提倡)using cloth or paper bags instead of plastic ones.
8．The employment problem tends to be a common phenomenon(现象)in a lot of countries.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We can know more about the life of great people as well history and cultures of other countries.well后加as
2．At present，a large quantity of food and water are needed in the earthquake-hit area.are→is
3．The rubbish results from the dirty water.from→in
4．In the city center，the citizens have to put up noise.up后加with
5．Your mother seems very much opposed your going abroad.opposed后加to
6．Circumstance permitting，I'll go abroad to study.Circumstance→Circumstances
7．As a result the pilots' strike，all the flights had to be cancelled.result后加of
8．He tends to losing his temper if you don't obey the rule.losing→lose
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
There is no doubt 1.that the earth is becoming warmer but there is a fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming 2.or it is just a natural phenomenon.
Many scientists like Dr.Janice Foster believe that people have caused 3.the increase in the earth’s temperature by burning fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy whose by－products 4.are called (call)“greenhouse”gases，the most important one 5.being (be) carbon dioxide.These gases trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth，without 6.which the earth would be about thirty－three degrees Celsius cooler 7.than it is.But 8.increased (increase) amount of extra carbon dioxide means that more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
9．On the other hand，scientists like George Hambley believe that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences and more carbon dioxide is 10.actually(actual) a positive thing.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I felt that individuals can not have any effect at such huge environmental problems.Anyway，I’m not sure where to start it with my project.So I would love to get any suggestion.It is suggested that we took many measures.For example，we can buy things making from recycled materials.Planting trees is also good way.Important，we can ask your family and friends to work together with us.We can get our parents to buy products that are made to save energy.Remembering—our contribution counts.
答案：
I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I that individuals can not have any effect such huge environmental problems.Anyway，I’m not sure where to start it with my project.So I would love to get any .It is suggested that we many measures.For example，we can buy things from recycled materials.Planting trees is also good way.，we can ask family and friends to work together with us.We can get our parents to buy products that are made to save energy.—our contribution counts.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．不同的科学家对全球变暖有不同的看法。
2．有些科学家同意全球变暖是个灾难。
3．不断增长的温度可能会导致洪水、干旱和饥荒。
4．其他科学家反对这种观点，认为这种变暖会很温和。
5．它不会在环境方面导致严重的后果。
Different scientists have different opinions on global warming.Some scientists subscribe to the view that global warming will be a catastrophe.The steady going up of the temperature may result in floods，drought and famines.Others are opposed to this，saying the warming will be mild with no severe environmental consequences.