2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：7.1



[话题单词]
1．blind adj.　　　 失明的
2．deaf adj. 聋的
3．paralyzed adj. 瘫痪的
4．loss of an arm or leg 手臂或腿的丧失
5．feeling n． 感情；感觉
6．perseverance 毅力
7．anger n． 生气；愤怒
8．active/positive adj. 积极的
9．delighted/glad/pleased adj. 高兴的
10．pride n． 自豪；骄傲
11．curiosity n． 好奇心
12．appreciation n． 感激
13．anxiety n． 担心；焦虑
14．inspire 激励
15．encourage 鼓励
16．challenge 向……挑战
[话题短语]
1．be deeply moved深受感动
2．be sorry for为……感到难过/歉疚
3．be afraid of害怕；担心
4．be ill with得……病
5．build up one’s character磨炼意志
6．in good health身体健康
7．strong and well set up身体结实健康
8．get enough sleep睡眠要充足
9．maintain sound development保持健康发展
10．breathe in fresh air as much as possible
尽量多呼吸新鲜空气
11．keep fit保持健康
12．physical and mental health身心健康
13．build up one’s strength强身健体
14．form a good habit of 养成……的好习惯
15．take regular exercise进行有规律的运动
[话题佳句]
1．Health is better than wealth.
健康胜于财富。
2．A light heart lives long.
心胸开朗，使人寿长。
3．Happiness lies first of all in health.
幸福首先在于健康。
4．Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise.
早睡早起会使人健康、富有和聪明。
5．Without health，it is difficult to live a happy life no matter how much money or success one has.
没有健康，不论你多有钱或者多么成功你都不会拥有幸福的生活。
6．In fact，we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事实上，我们必须承认，生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
7．Health is one of the necessary elements to success.
健康是成功的必要因素之一。
8．If we simply develop a healthy way of living we are bound to live healthier，more satisfying lives.
如果我们形成健康的生活方式，就一定会过着更健康更满足的生活。
[佳作背诵]
积极的人生态度
假如你是高三学生李华，学校将为高一新生举办主题为“Attitude and Success”的英语沙龙活动，特请你准备一份英语发言稿。内容包括：
1．积极的人生态度的重要性；
2．如何培养积极的人生态度。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Boys and girls，
Good morning！It is a great honor to be here to share my opinions on “Attitude and Success”．


That’s all.Thank you.
Boys and girls，
Good morning！It is a great honor to be here to share my opinions on“Attitude and Success.”
As we all know，a positive attitude is the key to success.If we abandon all the negative thoughts，we’ll enjoy a happy and successful life.
How to develop a positive attitude？First of all，let’s always look at the bright side of life.Never lose hope even if we encounter setbacks.Second，we should learn to laugh more.As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.”
Life is like a mirror.Smile at it，and it will smile back at you.Let’s keep an optimistic attitude and defeat various challenges.We will achieve success sooner or later.
That’s all.Thank you.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①profit n．收益；利润；盈利
②companion n．同伴；伙伴
③resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)
④fellow adj.同伴的；同类的 n．同伴； 同志；伙伴
⑤congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词
⑥adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptation n．适应；改编
⑦beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit v．受益；得益→benefit n．益处，好处
⑧suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit v．适合；相称n.组；套装
⑨graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼→graduate v．毕业→graduated adj.受教育的
⑩absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent adj.缺席的；不在的→present adj.出席的；到场的；现在的 v．提出，赠送 n．现在；礼物；瞄准
⑪annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→ annoyed adj.颇为生气的 →annoying adj.使人烦恼的
⑫conduct n．行为；品行 vt.指挥；管理；主持 →conductor n．领导者；管理人；导体；售票员
⑬access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→ accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
⑭ambition n．雄心；野心→ ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的→ambitiously adv.有野心地；劲头十足地
⑮encouragement n．鼓励；奖励→encourage vt.鼓励；使有信心→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的
2．阅读单词
①clumsy adj.笨拙的
②software n．软件
③dictation n．听写；口授
④microscope n．显微镜
⑤literature n．文学；著作
⑥lap n．大腿的上方；跑道的一圈；重叠部分
⑦community n．社区；共同体；社会团体； 群落
⑧ abolish vt.废除；废止→abolishable adj.可废除的
⑨psychology n. 心理(学) psychologically adj.心理(学)地；精神上地
⑩firm n．公司adj.结实的；坚固的；坚定的→firmly adv.坚定地；结实地
⑪adequate adj.足够的；充分的→adequately adv.足够地；充分地
⑫architect n．建筑师；设计师；缔造者 →architecture n. 建筑学；建筑式样；建筑风格
⑬approval n．赞成；认可→approve v．赞成；批准；为……提供证据
⑭politics n．政治(学)→political adj.政治的；政治学的→politician n．政治家
⑮assistance n．协助；援助→assistant n．助手；助理→assist v．帮助；援助；参加n.帮助
⑯disability n．伤残；无力；无能→disabled adj.伤残的→disable vt.使……残疾；使失去能力
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．As we all know，fresh air is beneficial (benefit)to our health.
2．His friend's words were a great encouragement (encourage) to him.
3．For a long time，mental disability (disable)was considered shameful.
4．The young man had an ambitious (ambition)plan to build a school in the poor village.
5．My husband's talking with his mouth full of food annoyed (annoy)me.
6．He didn't tell the truth，which could not account for his absence (absent)from school.
7．It's a noisy (noise)place with thousands of people living nearby.
8．The survey conducted (conduct)in our school last month shows that about 30%of the students are addicted to computer games.
9．What can be a suitable (suit)title for the text?
10．They held a party to congratulate (congratulate)him on his success.

1．高频复合形容词速记
①absent－minded 心不在焉的
②hard－working 努力工作的
③straightforward 直率的
④strong－willed 意志坚定的
⑤well－known 著名的
⑥widespread 广泛的
⑦worldwide 世界范围的
⑧worthwhile 值得的
2．后缀－ance/－ence表示“性质”，“状况”，“行为”，“程度”等名词一览
①allowance 默许，默认
②appearance 出现；外表
③guidance 指导；向导
④insurance 安全；保障
⑤performance 表演
⑥dependence 依赖，依靠
⑦existence 存在；生存
⑧independence 独立；自立
⑨preference 优先选择；偏爱
3．“目标、梦想”有关的高频词速览
①destination n．目的地；目标
②object n．& v．目标；意向；目的；反对
③purpose n．目的；意图
④target n．目标；对象；靶子
⑤dream n．梦想
⑥intention n．意图
4．“生气”相关单词聚焦
①annoy vt.使……不悦
②annoyed adj.生气的
③annoying adj.使人烦恼的
④angry adj.生气的
⑤anger n．生气
⑥upset adj.心烦的
5．“－ion→ious”相关单词小结
①ambition→ambitious adj.有雄心的
②religion→religious adj.宗教的
③caution→cautious adj.小心的
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词(副词)
①adapt to 适应
②cut out 切去；省略；停止
③sit around 闲坐着
④meet with 遇到；经历；会晤
2．其他形式
①in other words 换句话说
②out of breath 上气不接下气
③all in all 总而言之
④in many ways 在很多方面
⑤make fun of 取笑
⑥as well as 和；也
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．You had better cut out the last two paragraphs of the article.
2．My friends，as well as John were invited.
3．His suggestions met with widespread disapproval and so he had to give in.
4．By the roadside several young girls were sitting around，looking bored.
5．He could not stand being made fun of in front of so many people.
6．The children found it hard to adapt to their new school.

“out of＋名词”短语大全
①out of work失业
②out of action损坏；发生故障
③out of breath上气不接下气
④out of character不相称；不恰当
⑤out of condition身体不好；情况欠佳
⑥out of control失去控制
⑦out of danger脱离危险
⑧out-of-date过时的
⑨out of debt不欠债
⑩out of favour失宠；不受欢迎
⑪out of hand失去控制；脱手
⑫out of luck运气不好；不凑巧
⑬out of mind心不在焉
⑭out of order次序紊乱；损坏了
⑮out of patience不耐烦的
⑯out of place不在适当的位置
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.Sometimes，too，I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.
有时候我的身体也太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了很多功课。
too...to...“太……而不能……”。
说实话，他很固执，你说服不了他跟我们一起去。
To be honest，he is too stubborn for you to persuade him to go with us.
2.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
feeling sorry for myself是一个现在分词短语作伴随状语。
你每天早晨醒来都感到精力充沛并准备好开始新的一天吗？
Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic and ready to start a new day？
3.For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema.
在影院入口处的附近安排厕所会让残疾人顾客感觉更加方便。
It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.“方便(某人)做某事”。
网上购物相当方便，而且还可以买到各种廉价商品。
It is quite convenient to shop online and you can also buy a wide variety of goods at a low price.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Defeat Disability
Yang's ambition was to get an architect certificate or become a bowling master.But when he 1.was conducting(conduct) experiments with a microscope in the basement，a tank on the bench exploded，sending him flying outwards through the exit.He was out of breath 2.while knowing he lost his eyesight as well as 70% of his hearing.In other words，he was disabled.
3．Feeling(feel) clumsy，he was annoyed at first though nobody made fun of him.He cut out going outdoors and just sat 4.around at home talking to his parrot or tortoise silently.His sister resigned to help him in many ways.Her assistance and encouragement were so 5beneficial(benefit) to his psychology that he adapted to his disability soon and became outgoing again.In a college 6.accessible (access) to him，he studied politics and literature.He always sat in the front row near 7.the entry without any absence and，with the help of his handy laptop，he studied well by means of dictation.His thesis，Abolishing Slavery，met with all professors' approval.After class，he and his companions often played drum music，8.which was noisy but suitable for his hearing.
After graduation，he made high profits by 9.designing(design) software for a firm.All in all，in his community，he won his dignity and people's congratulations.
He always wished all the best to his 10.disabled (able) fellows and encouraged them，“Never mind! All you have is adequate to get your achievement.”
Notes：laptop /'læptɔp/ n．便携式电脑　thesis /'θiːsɪs/ n．论文，毕业论文；论点，论题；命题

adapt vt.使适应；改编
(教材原句)Unfortunately，the doctors don't know how to make me better，but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。
拓展词：adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的
adaptation n．适应；改编；改写本
(1)adapt to...适应……
adapt/adjust oneself to...
使自己适应或者习惯于……
adapt...from...根据……改写(改编)
adapt...for...改编/改作……之用
(2)be adapted for为……而改写、改编
(1)The reasonable man adapts himself to the world；the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.理性的人让自己适应世界；非理性的人坚持让世界适应自己。
[易混辨析]
adapt
adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”。如：He adapted himself to the cold weather.他适应了寒冷的天气。
adjust
adjust表示“调整，调节，使适应”。如：It's cold here；can you adjust the air conditioner？这里很冷，你能把空调调一下吗？
adopt
adopt表示“采取，采用，收养”等。如：They adopted my methods of teaching.他们采用了我的教学方法。
(2)单句语法填空
①The TV series Red Sorghum(《红高粱》)adapted from Mo Yan's novel of the same name is being shown on many TV channels.
②When you go to a new country，you must adapt to new manners and customs.
③When it comes to adaptation(adapt)，it is important to understand that climate change is a process.
(3)写作能力提升
The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if it was adapted for television，would be a hit.(改为省略句)
→The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if adapted for television，would be a hit.
annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼
(教材原句)The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed，and I just ignore them.
少数几个看不到我内心世界的人并不能使我生气，我只是不去理会他们。
拓展词：annoyed adj.烦恼的，恼火的
annoying adj.讨厌的；恼人的
annoyance n．恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事
(1)annoy sb.with/by因……而使某人烦恼
(2)be annoyed at/about sth.因某事而生气
be annoyed with sb.对某人生气
(3)to one's annoyance使某人生气的是
(1)What annoyed(annoy) him most was that he had received no apology.最令他生气的是没有人向他道歉。
(2)单句语法填空
①I could see that he was doing all these to annoy (annoy) me.
②The annoying thing about the scheme is that it's confusing.
③To her annoyance，the stranger did not go away.
(3)写作能力提升
他发现他们没有等他而感到十分烦恼。
①To his annoyance，he found they hadn't waited for him.(annoyance)
②What annoyed him was that he found they hadn't waited for him.( what引导的主语从句)
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging，or we think it's annoying(annoy) and unnecessary.
congratulate vt.祝贺，庆贺
(教材原句)Listen to the latter part of Barry's story where Joan congratulates Barry and wishes him future success，then complete the sentences.听Barry故事的后半部分，在此部分Joan祝贺Barry的将来能成功，然后完成句子。
拓展词：congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜
(1)congratulate sb.on就……向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself on(doing)sth.感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高兴
(2)Congratulations! 祝贺！恭喜你！
congratulations(to sb.)on sth.祝贺(某人)某事
(1)I wish to take this opportunity to extend warm congratulations on your remarkable achievements.
我借此机会对你们取得的卓越成就表示热烈祝贺！
(2)单句语法填空
①Congratulations (congratulate) on your success.
②I want to express my sincere congratulations on your success.
③I'd like to congratulate (congratulate) you on your wonderful performance.




access n．(接近的)方法；通路；入径；(使用或见到的)机会；权利(常与to连用)；可接近性 vt.进入；使用
(教材原句)I am sure many people will praise your cinema if you design it with good access for disabled people.如果您设计的电影院能够为残疾人提供方便，那么，我相信许多人都会夸奖您的电影院。
拓展词：accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的；易懂的；随和的
(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
have/get/obtain/gain no access to没有……的机会；无法获取/进入/接近
give access to准许进入(接近)
(2)be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
[要点释疑]
access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。
(1)The access to success is to make good use of the access to education.通向成功的方法是好好利用受教育的机会。
(2)单句语法填空
①The only access to that building is along the track.
②The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world，and it's accessible (access)through a computer.
(3)单句改错
①The access to entering the village is riding a bike.去掉entering
②The only access into the farmhouse is across the fields.into→to
(4)写作能力提升
药品不应放在孩子们够得到的地方。
①Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.(accessible)
②Medicine should be kept where it is out of children's range.(range)
③Medicine should be kept where it is out of children's reach.(reach)

in other words换句话说
(教材原句)In other words，there are not many people in the world like me.
换句话说，世界上像我这样的人并不多见。
keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言
break one's word/promise违背诺言；食言
in a/one word总之
in words用语言来……
have a word with sb.与某人谈话
in word在言语上，口头上
have words with sb.和某人吵架
beyond words无法用语言表达
word for word逐字地
eat one's words 收回前言；承认说错了话
word came/comes that...有消息说……
(1)It is hard to imagine one can learn without questioning.In other words，questioning is a bridge to learning or is the very beginning of learning.
很难想象一个人在学习中可以毫无疑问。换句话说，疑问是学习的桥梁或是学习的开始。
(2)用word相关短语的适当形式填空
①In a word，he must pay for his absence from the conference.
②The driver was at a loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
③Remember：never break your word to your children.
④In other words，we are the master of our own future.
⑤Keeping his word has earned him a good reputation.
(3)语境活用
The boss shouted at his engineer，“Don't read the report word for word.I know you are good at expressing yourself in word，but I want to listen to your big words (word) no more.In other words，you should not only promise me in word，but show me your action.In a word，you must keep your word，or I'll let you go. ”
老板对工程师吼道：“不要一字一句地读报告，我知道你擅长口头上表达自己，但我不想再听你吹牛了。换句话说，你不应该只是口头上许诺我，你更要让我看到你的行动。总之，你必须遵守诺言，否则我将解雇你。”




out of breath上气不接下气
(教材原句)So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh，when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.当我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此上小学时有的孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。
(1)hold one's breath屏住呼吸
catch one's breath喘息；恢复正常呼吸
lose one's breath喘不过气来
take a deep breath深呼吸
(2)breathe v．呼吸
(1)The boy ran to the theater all along and was out of breath.男孩一路跑到剧院上气不接下气。
(2)语境活用
The boy took (take) a deep breath and held (hold) his breath before he got into the water.After a moment，he put his head out of the water and it seemed as if he was quite out of breath；but soon he got his breath again.It almost took our breath away when he finally got the first place in the competition.小男孩深吸一口气，屏住呼吸跳入水中。一会儿，他把头露出水面，好像是上气不接下气，但是不久他又恢复正常呼吸。他在比赛中获得第一名时真令我们叹服。
(3)单句语法填空
①I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing (breath)heavily.
②Jack took a deep breath and then dived into the water.
③When one breathes(breath)，the air goes into his/her lungs.
④The performance left me breathless(breath)with excitement.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.

　Sometimes，too，I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.有时，我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的学习受到了影响。
该句含有一个“too...to...”结构，意思是“太……而不能……”。
(1)too＋anxious/eager/glad/happy/pleased/ready/willing，etc...to do sth.(表示肯定意义)非常/很……干某事
(2)only too...to do sth.(表示肯定意义)非常……做某事
(3)can’t/can never...too...再……也不为过；越……越……
(1)I’m only too delighted (delight) to help.非常乐意效劳。
(2)You can’t be too careful in driving a car.
你驾驶汽车时，无论怎样小心都不过分。
(3)The problems were too complicated for us to solve (solve)．那些问题太复杂，我们无法解决。
(4)I’m only too pleased (please) to be able to work out the problem.能解出那道题我真高兴。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His conduct (行为)doesn't agree with his words，so few people trust him.
2．The businessman wanted to make as many profits(利润)as he could from his products.
3．The materials can be adapted(改动)for use with older children.
4．He resigned (辞职)from office and devoted himself entirely to painting at home.
5．People in flooded areas suffered a lot，without drinking water，electricity and adequate(足够的)food supply，so they continued to flee the town.
6．The disabled boy is very outgoing (外向的)and gets along well with everyone in his class.
7．He likes the Chinese classic literature (文学)very much and spends much time on it.
8．Dogs are loyal and can be human's wonderful companions(同伴)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Just as I stepped into the shower the phone rang.It was so annoyed.annoyed→annoying
2．From the flats we have an easy access to shops and schools.去掉an
3．We offer our congratulation to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.congratulation→congratulations
4．Having settled in that remote area，the young man quickly adapted the weather.adapted后加to
5．He has broken his words so many times that I cannot trust him any more.words→word
6．I worry about whether I can find a suit job when I graduate from university because I'm not a sociable girl.suit→suitable
7．He made the boy sit there，promised they would not hurt him.promised→promising
8．It was his absent of mind during driving that resulted in the terrible accident.absent→absence
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Marty is a disabled but 1.fairly (fair) positive person who never feels sorry for 2.himself and has learned to adapt to his disability.Marty always 3.considers (consider) he has a good life.He is realistic 4.about his disability but he never stops doing as much as he 5can.He keeps himself busy 6.doing (do) things like writing and computer programming that do not require physical strength.He has friends with 7.whom he can go to movies and football 8.matches (match) and he has lots of pets.He also studies hard.He is a 9.mentally (mental) strong and independent boy.Marty is able to live as rich and full 10.a life as everyone else.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Alice is writing to ask Ms Sanders to consider the matter of easy use of the cinema by disability customers.Ms Sanders is the person which is to design the new Bankstown cinema.She asks Ms Sanders to consider the access at the cinema for people in wheelchairs and those who have difficulty walk.She suggests there are earphones beside all seats.What’s more，the seats at back of the cinema should be placed higher than the one at the front.There should be toilet and car parking spaces special for the disabled.If so，it will be more easier for the disabled there.
答案：
Alice is writing to ask Ms Sanders to consider the matter of easy use of the cinema by customers.Ms Sanders is the person is to design the new Bankstown cinema.She asks Ms Sanders to consider the access the cinema for people in wheelchairs and those who have difficulty .She suggests there earphones beside all seats.What’s more，the seats at back of the cinema should be placed higher than the at the front.There should be and car parking spaces for the disabled.If so，it will be more 或easier for the disabled there.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．我外婆98岁了，但身体非常健康。每次爬楼梯，从未上气不接下气。
2．当别人问及长寿秘诀时，她说充足的锻炼是非常必要的，比如：有规律的散步、打太极等，这些都对身体有益处。
3．另外，乐观的心态，并能迅速适应新的环境也与锻炼同等重要。
4．学会开心地生活，换句话说，不要为了一点点小事而生气。
5．总之，只有快乐生活每一天，你才能健康。
My grandmother is 98 years old，but she is very healthy.Every time going up the stairs，she is never out of breath.When asked about the secret，she said that adequate exercise is necessary，such as regular walk，playing Tai Chi，which is beneficial to us.In addition，being optimistic and adapting to a new environment quickly are as important as doing exercise.We should learn to be happy, in other words，don't be annoyed at anything less important.All in all，only by living happily every day can you be healthy.