2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：3.3



[话题单词]
1．comment n．&v. 评论
2．description n． 描述
3．masterpiece n． 代表作
4．adapt v． 改编
5．publish v． 出版
6．vivid adj. 生动的
7．beneficial adj. 有益的
8．classic adj. 典型的 n．名著
9．original adj. 原作的 n．原作
10．pleasure n． 乐趣
11．taste n． 品味
12．favorite adj. 特别喜爱的
13．influence n． 影响
14．value n． 价值
15．treasure v． 珍惜
[话题短语]
1．devote oneself to献身于；致力于
2．make efforts to do sth.努力做某事
3．take advantage of/make use of利用
4．be lost in thought深思
5．have a great impact on对……有重大影响
6．keep a good mood保持好心情
7．adopt a positive attitude采取积极的态度
8．be at a loss不知所措
9．benefit from从……中受益
10．do sb.good对某人有好处
11．win the Nobel Prize in Literature获诺贝尔文学奖
12．It is better to do...做……会更好
13．in the hope of 怀着……的希望
14．with the purpose of带着……目的
15．realize one's dream实现某人的梦想
[话题佳句]
1．The more your read，the more you get.开卷有益。
2．Not only do books show us a broad world but also we can benefit from them all our lives.
书本不仅可以给我们展示一个广阔的世界，而且还可以使我们终身受益。
3．Only by reading widely can we gain more knowledge and broaden our horizons.
只有博览群书我们才能增长知识开阔视野。
4．My hobby is reading，which allows me to reduce my stress from my work.
我的爱好是读书，这使我能减轻工作带来的压力。
5．Never for a moment can I stop my love for reading because books are wise teachers as well as friends in my life.Books are the source of knowledge and power，from which I benefit a lot.
我对书的热爱一刻也不会停止，因为在我的生活中，书是睿智的老师和益友。书是知识的源泉，我从中获益匪浅。
6．As is well known，books teach us to learn life，truth and science，increase our knowledge and broaden our horizons.
众所周知，书教会我们学习人生、真理和科学，增长我们的知识，开阔我们的眼界。
[佳作背诵]
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：
1．短片内容：学校的发展；
2．放映时间、地点；
3．欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
There is a short English film—Growing Together this weekend.The film is mainly related to the development of our school，which will greatly help us students know the school's history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school's development.Anyone who shows interest in the film is welcome to the school's lecture hall，located on the first floor of the third teaching building，to enjoy it.The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon，lasting 2 hours，from 4：00 to 6：00.In order to get a good seat for seeing，you'd better arrive a bit earlier.If you have any opinion about the film，please send emails to studentunion@126.com.Looking forward to your valuable advice.
Student Union

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①stare vi.凝视；盯着看
②seek vt.&vi.探索；寻求
③scene n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
④spot n．斑点；污点；地点vt.发现；认出
⑤account vt.&vi.认为；说明；总计有n.说明；理由；计算；账目
⑥contrary n．反面；对立面adj.相反的；相违的
⑦permit vt.&vi.许可；允许n.通行证；执照→ permission n．允许；准许
⑧patience n．耐性；忍耐→ patient adj.有耐心的
2．阅读单词
①author n．作家；著者
②manner n．礼貌；举止；方式
③amount n．数量
④pavement n．人行道
⑤dessert n．餐后甜点
⑥steak n．牛排；鱼排
⑦wander vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊
⑧fault n．缺点；过错；故障
⑨scream n．尖叫声；喊叫声
vi.尖声叫
⑩genuine adj.真的；真诚的
⑪passage n．通道；船费(包括食宿)；(一)段
⑫embassy n．大使馆；大使及其官员
⑬novel n．小说；长篇故事
adj.新奇的；异常的
⑭embassy n．大使馆；大使及其官员
⑮unbelievable adj.难以置信的
believable adj.可信的
believe v．相信；信任
belief n．信念；信仰
⑯rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的
rudeness n．粗鲁
⑰adventure n．奇遇；冒险→v.冒险；adventurous adj.冒险的
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．It's bad manners (manner)to stare at someone in public.
2．If you wish to invite a friend over to visit，you must first ask your host's permission (permit)．
3．She gave me a comforting smile and nodded while listening patiently (patient)．
4．He begged her to pardon him for his rudeness (rude)．
5．She was wearing a black and white spotted (spot) dress.
6．He's much more adventurous (adventure)than his younger brother.
7．He was deep in conversation with his accountant (account)．
8．It was quite a novelty (novel)to spend my holidays working on a boat.
9．He is the most believable (believe) person，but on the other hand，how unbelievable (believe) it is that he should believe in the liar.
10．Your lives are busy enough doing homework，making friends，seeking(seek)after your dreams.

1．“真正，确实”家族
①indeed adv.真正地，确实，实在
②real adj.真实的，现实的；
really adv.真正地；确实地；
reality n. 现实；真实的食物
③true adj.真实的，真正的；
truly adv.真正地，如实地
④genuine adj.真的，真诚的
⑤sincere adj.(指感情或行为)真实的；诚挚的；
sincerely adv.真心实意地；
sincerity n．真挚
2．“过失”与“冲突”相关词一览
①fault n．过错
②argument n．争吵；争论
③blame n．(对错误或坏事应负的)责任
④conflict n．冲突
⑤collision n．碰撞；冲突
3．聚焦“允许”与“禁止”
①allow vt.允许
②permit v．&n.允许；许可证
③permission n．允许；许可
④admit v．允许进入
⑤admission n．准许进入
⑥forbid vt.禁止
⑦prohibit vt.禁止
⑧ban vt.&n.禁止；禁令
4．“金融”术语
①budget n．预算
②account n．账目；账户
③capital n．资金；资本
④withdraw vt.提取
⑤cheque n．支票
⑥interest n．利息
⑦finance n．财政；金融
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出
②go ahead前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说
③stare at盯着看；凝视
④account for 是……的原因；解释；占……比例
2．介词＋名词
①by accident偶然；无意中；不小心
②on the contrary与此相反；正相反
③in rags衣衫褴褛
3．其他形式
①make a bet 打赌
②take a chance冒险
③as for关于；至于
④find fault with 吹毛求疵；找毛病
用上面所给短语的适当形式填空
1．Walking in the street，I often see beggars in rags.
2．I don't think it will work，but I'll take a chance and try it.
3．—I suppose your wife doesn't understand you.
—On the contrary，she understands me very well.
4．A number of factors account for the differences between the two scores.
5．I found her letter by accident as I was looking through my files.
6．Your suggestion will be brought up at the next meeting.

1．“动词＋at”短语荟萃
①glare at 怒目而视
②stare at 注视着
③glance at 朝……看了一眼
④laugh at 嘲笑
⑤arrive at 到达
⑥work at 努力于
2．“take a(n)＋n. ”一览
①take a chance 冒险一试
②take a break 休息一下
③take a seat 就坐
④take a shower 沐浴，洗澡
⑤take an exam 参加考试
⑥take an example 举例，示范
3．“v.＋for”高频短语聚焦
①account for 解释；占(比例)
②apply for 申请
③call for 要求；需要
④care for 喜欢
⑤answer for 负责
⑥arrange for 安排
⑦leave for 出发去
⑧hope for 希望；期望
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.Well，towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
嗯，傍晚时分我发现自己被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
然而，为英语演讲比赛做准备时，我发现收集信息和正确使用语言非常具有挑战性。
However ，when preparing for the English speech contest，I found it very challenging to collect information and use language correctly.
2.The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。
had just done...when...“刚做完……，这时……”。
他刚跑进教室，这时老师进来了。
He had just rushed into the classroom when the teacher came in.
3.And it was the ship that brought you to England.
正是那艘船把你送到了英国。
It was...that 是强调句型。
不可否认是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。
There is no denying that it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.
4.Indeed，sir，I hope you'll come here whenever you like.
真的，先生，我希望您随时光临。
whenever 引导让步状语从句。
现在它还挂在我卧室的墙上。每当我看到它，都禁不住想起我的朋友。
Now，it is still hanging on the wall of my bedroom.Whenever I look at it，I couldn't help thinking of my friend.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Sailing Home
This novel was about an unbelievable but genuine adventure.Its author was a black businessman 1.who was brought up in America.In 1956，he visited Africa，his birthplace.One day，when he 2. was wandering(wander) on the pavement near the bay enjoying the sea scenes，he lost his money and passport that he kept in an envelope.So he went to the embassy 3.to seek(seek) help，but the ambassador with rude manners didn't permit his staff to help 4.though he bowed to him.Staring at his 5.impatient(patience) face，he understood that it was the fault of his skin colour 6.that accounted for their reflection.So he decided to take a chance to sail on a small boat home.
He met a large amount of 7.difficulty(difficult) but was never stopped.On the contrary，difficulty pushed him to go ahead 8.harder(hard)．Three months later，he was spotted by a ship by accident.He was 9.in rags indeed.A maid even screamed when bringing him a steak and pineapple dessert.Aboard，he earned his passage by 10.working(work) as a barber and got home finally.As for the name of his novel，he couldn't think of a better one than the phrase “Go Ahead”．
Note：ambassador (ambassadress) /æm'bæsədə(r)/ n．男(女)大使


permit vt.&vi.许可；允许；准许
n．通行证；许可证；执照
(教材原句)Permit me to lead the way，sir.
先生，请让我来带路吧。
拓展词：permission n．允许；许可
(1)permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
permit doing sth.允许做某事
be permitted to do sth. 被允许做某事
(2)a driver's/driving permit 驾驶执照
ask for permission请求许可
with/without one's permission获得某人同意/没有获得某人许可
(1)Without a driver's permit，you are not permitted to drive the car.你若没有驾驶执照，就不允许开车。
(2)单句语法填空
①Passengers are permitted to carry(carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
②The owners don't permit parking(park)cars in front of the shops.
③We'll have a picnic in the woods，weather permitting(permit)．
④People are not allowed to come into the hall without permission(permit)．
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits(permit) in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads.
spot vt.发现；认出
n．斑点；污点；地点
(教材原句)The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。
拓展词：spotted adj.有斑点的；有圆点的
(1)spot sb.doing...发现某人做……
(2)on the spot＝on the scene立即；在现场
(3)be spotted with散布；点缀
(1)Happiness is the settling of the soul into its most appropriate spot.幸福是把灵魂安放在最适当的位置。
(2)单句语法填空
①My father spotted (spot)several spelling mistakes in my composition just now.
②Someone spotted him leaving (leave)the building soon afterwards.
③The windscreen was spotted(spot)with rain.
account vi.&vt认为；说明；总计有
n．说明；计算；理由；账目
(教材原句)The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费，这就是我为什么衣冠不整的原因了。
拓展词：accountant n．会计员；会计师
(1)account for说明；做出解释；占……比例
(2)on account of＝because of由于，因为
on no account绝不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)
take account of＝take...into account/consideration考虑到……，把……考虑进去
open/close an account(在银行)开设/结清账户
(1)His experience in his life can account for the reason why he is ready to help others.
他的人生经历可以说明他为什么如此乐于助人。
(2)用account相关短语的适当形式填空
①At first he hesitated on account of the expense.
②The judge shoud take account of the age of the accused.
③You should on no account tell him，for it's a secret.
④We must account for every penny we spend on business trips.
(3)写作能力提升
①We should on no account give up the plan.(改为倒装句)
→On no account should we give up the plan.
②In developing a design，we must take account of many factors.(同义句改写)
In developing a design，we must take many factors into account/consideration.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank，China accounts(account) for about 30 percent of total globalfertilizer consumption.
seek vt.&vi.(sought，sought)寻找；探索；寻求
(教材原句)I went to the American embassy to seek help，but...我上美国大使馆求助，但……
seek to do sth.试图做某事
seek for/after...寻找/追求……
seek out挑选；找出
seek one's fortune 碰运气；寻找致富之路
(1)There is no good and evil；there is only power and those too weak to seek it.
世上并没有善与恶，只有权力和那些得不到权力的弱者。
(2)单句语法填空
①Many people spend years seeking for/after the peace of mind，often with little success.
②We are glad to receive your letter seeking(seek) the opportunity of working in our company.
③The special medicine for the disease wasn't found though sought (seek)everywhere.

bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐
(教材原句)He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.
他(马克·吐温)在密西西比河边密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。
bring about 引起；导致；造成
bring back恢复(某事物)；带回来；使回忆起
bring down使降下；降落；降低(价格)
bring out 使显示；出版；生产；阐明；取出
bring in 推行；引入；使赚到；吸引(顾客)
(1)By looking for the best in others，you indirectly bring out the best in yourself.
通过看到他人的优点，你将间接地显示出一个最好的你。
(2)写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①Her parents died when she was a bady and she was brought up by her aunt.抚养
②Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出
③Joe brought up what he had eaten.呕吐
(3)用bring相关短语的适当形式填空
①The singer has just brought out his second album.
②The girl student brought up many questions during the course of the class.
③Can you tell me what it was that brought about the failure of the business?
go ahead前进，进展，先走；(用于祈使句)可以，往下说，请说，请做，开始吧
(教材原句)Go right ahead.请继续问吧。
go away离开；消失
go through经历；遭受
go up(温度、价格等)上升
go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物感兴趣，爱好
go all out鼓足干劲，全力以赴
go against反对；不利于
go off爆炸；离去
go over仔细检查；复习
go without没有……也行，将就……
go wrong走错路；出毛病
go after追求；设法获得
(1)Victory always goes to the strong.胜利总是属于强者。
(2)Everything will get easier as time goes by.随着时间的推移，一切都会好起来的。
(3)用go相关短语的适当形式填空
①If you insist on leaving now，please go ahead.
②She went through a lot of hardships in her childhood.
③I'm going to go in for the final examination next week.
④As time went by，they realized the importance of health.
⑤The house price keeps going up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead.
on the contrary相反地；正相反；反之
(教材原句)On the contrary，in fact.If this is your idea of some kind of joke，I don't think it's very funny.
事实上，恰恰相反。如果你们认为这是一个笑话，我可不觉得很可笑。
by contrary相反地；与预期相反地
contrary to...与……相反；违反，对抗
quite/just the contrary恰恰相反
to the contrary与此相反地(置于修饰语之后)
(1)Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the contrary to our intention.“拨苗助长”往往会事与愿违。
(2)单句语法填空
①I admit that your opinion is contrary to mine.
②The difficulty didn't discourage me.On the contrary，it filled me with strength and courage.
③Unless I hear anything to the contrary，I shall assume the meeting will be held on time.

Well，towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
嗯，傍晚时分我发现自己被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
此句中使用了“find sb./sth.＋过去分词”结构，表示“发现……被……”，carried out 在句中作宾语补足语，表被动。
(1)“find oneself＋宾语补足语”指(不知不觉地)发现自己处于某种情况中，多表示意料之外的情况，可用形容词、介词短语、现在分词及过去分词作宾补。
find＋宾语＋
(2)可用于这种结构的动词还有：see，hear，watch，notice，have，get，leave等。
(1)That's why she often finds herself helpless(help) when she meets with certain challenges.那就是为什么她在遇到某些挑战时常常感到很无助。(接形容词作补足语)
(2)They found themselves in a dilemma as a consequence of rapid changes in society.由于社会的飞速发展，他们发现自己处于进退两难的境地。(接介词短语作补足语)
(3)语法填空
①After walking two or three hours they found themselves(they)in a small village.
②After I arrived in America，I found myself living(live)in a completely foreign culture and had difficulty adapting to my new environment.
③When the police arrived，they found the door locked (lock)and all windows closed.
④A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking (smoke)in the kitchen.
(4)写作能力提升
He found that his daughter was surrounded(surround) by letters and papers and she looked very worried.
→He found his daughter surrounded by letters and papers and looking very worried.(find的复合结构)
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)What does John find difficult(difficulty) in learning German?
Indeed，sir，I hope that you'll come here whenever you like.真的，先生，我希望您想来的时候就来。
whenever意为“在任何时候，无论何时”引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when。
(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)however用作连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……，无论如何……”，具体结构为：however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语。
[要点释疑]
(1)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。
(2)whichever，whatever在句中还可作定语。如：
The content is the same，whichever book you choose.
不管你选哪一本书，内容都是一样的。
(1)Whenever(＝No matter when)something negative happens to you，there is a deep lesson concealed within it.
任何逆境都暗藏着深刻的教训。
(2)However(＝No matter how)great the difficulties are，we must complete the task on time.
不管困难有多大，我们都必须按时完成任务。
(3)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
一些人相信过去发生的或现在正发生的任何事情，将来仍然会重复。(引导主语从句，不能用no matter what)
(4)用适当的-ever连接词填空。
①Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
②Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished.
③He asks to be sent wherever he's needed most.
④Whichever way you're going，you have to make the most of what it is.
(5)写作能力提升
①Whatever happens，I will stand by you.(用“no matter＋疑问词”改写)
No matter what happens，I will stand by you.
②No matter who breaks the law，he should be punished.(用whoever改为名词性从句)
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
(6)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)Whenever you move to a new area，you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The boys wandered(徘徊)around the town with nothing to do.
2．Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault(过错)?
3．The girl is staring (盯着)at the stranger with her eyes wide open.
4．Would you like to enjoy the scenes (景色；风光)in the mountains with me?
5．The reason he gave to account (说明)for his absence was unbelievable.
6．When we send a letter or a postcard，we have to put stamps on the envelope (信封)or on the card.
7．I am interested in western culture，and love reading English novels(小说)．
8．It's very important to keep in mind as many English words and phrases (短语)as possible.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He is always polite.He is a man of good manner.manner→manners
2．His illness accounts of his absence.of→for
3．Cowles loved the strory and bought it on spot.spot前加the
4．When we wanted to go through the forest，we found ourselves losing.losing→lost
5．You can take everything whatever you like.去掉everything或去掉whatever
6．—You feel tired.
—On contrary，I am relaxed.on后加the
7．There is a chance he will attend the important meeting.chance后加that
8．It is the children who is making so much noise in the garden.第二个is→are
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Sailing home Henry,1.an American businessman，found himself 2.carried (carry) out to sea by a strong wind.3.When he was just about to give himself up，he was spotted by a ship and so he landed in London by accident.4.Hungry (hunger) and alone，he walked on the streets of the city when he was 5.unexpectedly(unexpected) called into a mansion，where two rich brothers，Oliver and Roderick，gave him a letter and told him not to open it 6.until two o'clock of the day. Not 7.knowing (know) it was a million pound bank note，Henry left the mansion and went into a cheap restaurant to stuff his stomach.Everybody was rude to him 8.because/as he was in rags and looked depressed.Then，to the surprise of everybody，he handed the owner a million pound bank note to pay for the meal.9.On seeing the note，all the people in the restaurant became polite and tried their 10.best (well) to please Henry.Don't you think it's the most incredible tale in the world?
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
With the envelope in hand，Henry decided to enter a restaurant for a meal.The waiter told him the meal will cost him a tiny bit.After eat his first order，Henry asked for much of the same.When Henry opened the letter，he was surprised to find it was a million pound bank note but the owner and the waiter were shocked.They couldn't believe Henry who was of rags could be such rich.After knowing that the bill is genuine，the owner thanked for Henry and asked him to forget the bill.The owner，hostess and waiter all bowed together while Henry left.
答案：With the envelope in hand ，Henry decided to enter a restaurant for a meal.The waiter told him the meal cost him a tiny bit.After his first order，Henry asked for of the same.When Henry opened the letter，he was surprised to find it was a million pound bank note the owner and the waiter were shocked.They couldn't believe Henry who was rags could be rich.After knowing that the bill genuine，the owner thanked for Henry and asked him to forget the bill.The owner，hostess and waiter all bowed together Henry left.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．马克·吐温(1835—1910)生于美国Missouri。他是美国19世纪著名的作家之一。
2．他的家乡在密西西比河河畔，马克·吐温在那里度过了他的童年。成年后，未经父亲同意，他冒险在密西西比河的船上当水手。
3．在征求了父亲的建议后，他决定当一名作家。这一职业使他赚了很多钱。
4．他的作品被译成多种语言，这就是全世界读者喜爱他的作品的原因。
Mark Twain，one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century，was brought up in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.
Mark Twain's hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River，where he spent his childhood.When he grew up，he took a chance to work as a pilot on a river boat for some time，which was not permitted by his father at first.After seeking some useful advice from his father，he decided to become a writer，which helped him make an amount of money.
Mark Twain wrote a lot of novels，some of which have been translated into many languages，which accounted for the reason why he and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.