2020版新高考一轮复习英语新课改·外研版讲义：必修一Module4ASocialSurvey

　　Module 4 A Social Survey — 　　　My Neighbourhood

一、课前基础自查

(一)分类记单词——省时高效

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本

二、课堂重点深化

1．bother vt.打扰； 烦扰； 麻烦； 花费时间、精力(做某事)n.麻烦，不便利

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①It  bothers Tom that he can't find a job that he really likes.

②Don't bother to_look/looking (look) for my umbrella. It will turn up some day.

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

佳句时时写(一句多译)

你找到这所房子费力吗？

③Did you have_much_bother_(in) finding the house？(bother)

④Did you have_trouble/difficulty_(in) finding the house？(trouble/difficulty)

2．approach v．接近，靠近；找(某人)商量；着手处理n.接近；通道；方法；途径

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.

②At the approach of the rain and the wind, the swallows are busy.

[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

易错处处防

③The job market has changed and our approaches to find work must change as well.find→finding

佳句时时写(一句多译)

随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。

④As Teachers' Day was_approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

⑤With Teachers' Day approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

⑥With Teachers' Day around_the_corner,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

⑦As Teachers' Day was_drawing_near,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

3．exchange n．交换；交流；互换vt.& vi.调换；交换

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's accommodation.

②We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.

③Could you please help me to exchange this shirt for a bigger one?

　[系统归纳]

[名师指津]　exchange和change作动词时，前者强调双方交换，而后者则强调事物的属性或位置的改变。

　[重点强化]

易错对对碰(exchange/change)

④I don't know how to communicate with her. Maybe it's because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.

⑤Most people hold the belief that education can change one's fate.

佳句时时写

⑥很高兴得知你将作为交换生来我们学校学习。

I'm very glad that you will come to our school to_study_as_an_exchange_student.

4．afford vt.买得起；有能力支付；(有时间)做；承担得起(后果)；提供，给予

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①I don't dare to annoy my boss because I can't afford to_lose (lose) my job.

②Television and the Internet afford much pleasure_to many people.

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

佳句时时写(句型转换)

③The programme affords young people the chance to gain work experience.

→The programme _affords_the_chance_to_young_people_to_gain work experience.

[名师指津]　afford意为“买得起，负担得起”时，常与can, could, be able to连用，后接名词、代词或不定式。

5．survive vi.死里逃生；大难不死vt.比……活得长；从……中逃生；幸免于

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?

②It's said that he survived his wife by 5 years.

③(2017·江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive).

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

佳句时时写(句式升级)

④After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

→Having_survived_that_night,_we were confident that everything else would be all right.

[名师指津]　survive 表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不需要加多余的介词in, from等。

1．put up修建；建造；举起；架起；张贴；投宿；(为……)提供膳宿；提高(价钱)

　[自主体验]

写出下列句中put up的含义

①The names of the candidates will be put up on the college notice board. 张贴

②He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.投宿

③Please put up your hand if you have any questions. 举起

④A new supermarket will be put up in this neighborhood next year. 建造

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

介、副词填空

⑤I think there is a limit to how much of this nonsense people are going to put up with.

⑥Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy new year presents.

⑦All of us are delighted that a suitable answer has already been put forward by the chairwoman.

佳句时时写

⑧高层建筑已经建起来了，包括教学楼、实验楼和图书馆。

Tall buildings have_been_put_up,_including teaching buildings, laboratory buildings, and a library.

2．get away from摆脱；离开；逃脱

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

选用上述短语填空

①A good speaker is supposed to manage to get_across to the listeners what he means.

②This proves that as long as we have a strong will, we'll be able to get_over any difficulty.

③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get_away_from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.

④The policeman can't have the thief getting_away_with stealing people's money.

佳句时时写

⑤(2018·6月浙江高考写作)我父亲给警察局打电话，但是打不通。

My father telephoned the police station, but_it_couldn't_get_through.

3．It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...

　[教材原句]　It's_been_six_years_since we last saw each other, you know.

　[自主体验]

①It_is/has_been_already_three_years_since_he_worked in this company, and now he still can't find a job.

自从他离开这家公司已经有三年了，到现在还没有找到一份工作。

②It_will_be_another_week_before we meet again.

再过一周我们就会再次见面。

③It_was_11_o'clock_when he came back last night.

他昨晚回来的时候是十一点。

④It_was_at_11_o'clock_that he came back last night.

他昨晚是十一点回来的。

　[归纳点拨]

[佳句背诵]

①(精彩开头句)(2016·天津高考书面表达)It has been two weeks since you came here for the exchange program.

你们来这儿参加这个交流活动已经两周了。

②(增分要点句)(2017·天津高考书面表达)While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I've missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments when we stayed with you.尽管你不教我们英语已经一年多了，但我仍然非常想念你，想起我们和你在一起的快乐时光。

本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“社区生活”子话题相对应

一、话题语素积累多一点

话题词汇记一记

子话题(一)　位置

子话题(二)　居民

子话题(三)　环境

常用词块忆一忆

①win over争取到　　　　　 ②take pride in以……而自豪

③be used to习惯于   ④go for a walk去散步

⑤waste paper废纸   ⑥come across偶遇

⑦a number of许多；大量  ⑧care about关心

⑨suffer an illness生病   ⑩belong to属于

⑪take along随身携带   ⑫pick up捡起

⑬decide on决定   ⑭by mistake错误地

⑮pass away去世   ⑯move over搬过来

⑰take sth. seriously  认真对待某事

⑱get along well with  与……相处融洽

⑲make a lot of noise  发出很多噪音

⑳come over  过来，顺便来访

pay a visit  参观，拜访

in need of  需要

写作佳句背一背

①Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in other's place, which can help us have a better understanding of others.

②Even though you haven't talked a lot to the people down the street，they are willing to take the time to help you because you have ever helped them when they were in need.

二、“分步写作”表达准一点

话题应用文分步写作

第一步：句写对——给词写句

afford, fortunate, hometown, organization, pretty, survey, suburb, unemployed, a number of, get away from, so far　　

1．我离开家乡十年了。

It's_ten_years_since_I_left_my_hometown.

2．最近我读了一篇关于我家乡的一项调查。

Recently_I_read_a_survey_about_my_hometown.

3．它(指调查)表明我的家乡曾经有许多人失业。

It_shows_that_there_were_a_number_of_people_unemployed_in_my_hometown.

4．迄今为止，在政府和一些社会组织的帮助下，他们中的一些人很幸运地在郊区找到了工作。

So_far,_with_the_help_of_the_government_and_some_social_organizations,_some_of_them_have_been_fortunate_to_find_their_jobs_in_the_suburbs.

5．他们摆脱了困难时期。

They_have_got_away_from_difficult_times.

6．这听起来相当令人鼓舞。

It_sounds_pretty_encouraging.

7．他们能买得起自己的房子。

They_can_afford_to_buy_their_own_houses.

8．他们工作努力。

They_work_hard.

9．他们能像当地人一样过着幸福的生活。

They_can_live_a_happy_life_like_local_people._

第二步：量写够——语句扩充

10．在第7句前加上“他们相信”。

They_believe_they_can_afford_to_buy_their_own_houses.

11．在第9句前加上“他们希望”。

They_hope_they_can_live_a_happy_life_like_local_people._

第三步：语写美——词句升格

1．用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并第2句和第3句。

Recently_I_read_a_survey_about_my_hometown,_which_shows_that_there_were_a_number_of_people_unemployed_in_my_hometown.

2．用as long as引导的条件状语从句连接第8句和第10句。

They_believe_they_can_afford_to_buy_their_own_houses_as_long_as_they_work_hard.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文

用My name is Li Hua.开头，用but， so， and等衔接词连句成文。

My_name_is_Li_Hua._It's_ten_years_since_I_left_my_hometown._Recently_I_read_a_survey_about_my_hometown,_which_shows_that_there_were_a_number_of_people_unemployed_in_my_hometown._But_so_far,_with_the_help_of_the_government_and_some_social_organizations,_some_of_them_have_been_fortunate_to_find_their_jobs_in_the_suburbs._So_they_have_got_away_from_difficult_times._It_sounds_pretty_encouraging._They_believe_they_can_afford_to_buy_their_own_houses_as_long_as_they_work_hard,_and_they_hope_they_can_live_a_happy_life_like_local_people._

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．If necessary, please feel free to contact (联系) me via email or call me at 566­67­187.

2．Emily has to ride a bike across town to work every day because she can't afford (买得起，有能力支付) a car or the expensive rent near her company.

3．To try to lose weight, the girl starves (使挨饿) herself every night.

4．What bothers (烦扰) me most is how I can get so much money for the project.

5．It is not known how the early humans survive (活下来) in the cold environment of ancient northern Europe.

6．Mrs Smith said something good about my composition, so I felt pretty (很；相当) happy.

7．Although the idea sounds (听起来) wonderful, I'm not sure whether it is practical.

8．The money used for building the library was donated by a local (当地的) businessman.

Ⅱ.语境语法填空

1．He ❶approached (approach)a restaurant nearby, but he couldn't afford a meal. He was ❷starving (starve) to death. It was ❸fortunate (fortune) that he met a kind­hearted man who helped him get away ❹from the trouble. The ❺tourist (tour) ❻survived (survive) finally.

2．With the prices of houses going ❶up,_the young man can't afford ❷to_buy_ (buy) a new house in the big city.

3．In an apartment lived a girl who looked ❶like a boy. It was a year ❷since she had come here. The other day, it was the first time that I ❸had_heard (hear) her play the piano. It ❹sounded (sound) like a sad story.

4．So far, the closure of the factory ❶has_left (leave) hundreds of men ❷unemployed (employ)．

Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子

1．我不会费事去做那些累人且无用的事情。(bother)

I won't bother_to_do/doing those tiring and useless things.

2．很多鸟类在冬天来临之际飞向南方。(approach)

Many kinds of birds fly south_at_the_approach_of_winter.

3．史密斯一家已有十年不在这套公寓里居住了。(since)

It_has_been_ten_years_since the Smiths lived in this apartment.

4．去年很多建筑物在市中心被建造起来了。(put up)

A_lot_of_buildings_were_put_up in the downtown district last year.

5．老妇人比她的丈夫多活了十年。(survive)

The old woman survived_her_husband_by_ten_years.

Ⅳ.短文填空

(Ⅰ)根据提示填空

❶Moving (move) into a new home in a new neighbourhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and ❷valuable (value) part of your new neighbourhood. The easiest way ❸to_accomplish (accomplish) this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbour should. Here are a few ❹tips (tip) to help you win over everyone in the neighbourhood quickly.

Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbour is to keep your property (房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. People tend to ❺take_pride_in (以……为豪) keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you ❻will_help (help) to improve the look and feel of the area.

Second, take the overall appearance of the neighbourhood seriously. When going for a walk, ❼take_along (随身携带) a small garbage bag. Should you ❽come_across (偶遇) waste paper thrown out of a passing car, ❾pick_it_up (把它捡起来). This small act will let your neighbours know that you ❿care_about (关心) the area.

(Ⅱ)片段选词填空

get along well with， rush over， at all costs， all kinds of， be friendly to， come over， pay a visit， watch out for

What does it take to be a good neighbour？Over the years I have had ❶all_kinds_of_neighbours, ones that were enjoyable and others that were to be avoided ❷at_all_costs.

One of the most important things in being a good neighbour is to respect the personal privacy.When someone new moves into the neighbourhood, you'd better wait and see when and how to go to ❸_pay_a_visit.If you go ❹rushing_over as soon as they move in, they may think you are going to be one of those neighbours that ❺come_over at all times of the day，not respecting their privacy.

It is a good idea to always ❻be_friendly_to everyone in the neighbourhood.This can not only make you ❼get_along_well_with them, but will also be a form of protection for your family and home.If you wave as they drive by or offer a friendly hello while they are out in their yard, it shows that you like them and try to be friendly.If you are cordial to them, they are much more likely to ❽watch_out_for any wrong doings going on around your home while you are out and let you know if anything happens.

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心

Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空

1．(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two_tourists_ (tour) who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.

2．(2018·北京高考)More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment_ (employ) in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.

3．(2018·浙江高考)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations (organize)．

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival (survive) is never certain.

6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This attractive (attract) tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.

7．(2017·江苏高考)CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating (fascinate) journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the internet.

8．(2015·广东高考)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.

Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空

(选用approach, bother, fortunately, survive, afford填空)

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)The instructors called for an ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.Fortunately

2．(2017·11月浙江高考完形填空)The bus driver never regained consciousness and died at East Surrey Hospital ... Harvold said, “I was happy that no one else was hurt, but I hoped the driver would __52__.”survive_

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)__51__ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.Approaching

4．(2015·四川高考完形填空)So long as she had a slice to eat, she never __29__ the one on her head. It was a fair trade — I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat._bothered

5．(2014·福建高考完形填空)My father had longed to play music since childhood, but his family was poor and couldn't__43__ lessons._afford

二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度

新高考下的命题新视角：当今社会倡导建立和谐的人际关系，高考中通过对此类话题的考查，可以让学生思考和关注人与人之间的沟通和交流，引导学生培养良好的人文情怀。构建和睦社区关系，不仅是日常生活的需要，也是心理健康的需要，这对于建设和谐社会起着重要作用。

[话题感悟]

学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深

( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)

Work Camp is approaching! For the past four summers I've had the　__1__ of participating in this weeklong camp. Located in a different community in New England each year, this camp has been a valuable part of my young adult life.For one __2__， young people from around the country fix and build homes for the needy and the elderly.

With a(n) __3__ like Work Camp, it doesn't sound like the most attractive way to spend a week in the vacation season.So whenever I ask my friends to join me each year, I'm __4__， “Why would I like to pay ＄300 to go and __5__ for a week in the sun？” and “Who wants to sleep on the floor and use gym showers？”All I can __6__ them is that it will be one of the most unforgettable experiences in their lives.Then they end up trusting me, and I　__7__ drag them into the group.

This past summer had a great impact on my life.Our resident, John, confined (受限制) to a wheelchair, __8__ a new roof for his mobile home.Then we began to do the task.At the beginning of the week, John would come out and check on our __9__.We brought smiles and happiness to his __10__ life.It seemed that we were with John day and night from the beginning to the end of the week.On the last day when we were about to __11__， John was so overjoyed at what we had done to his home that he burst into tears.He said with tears on his cheeks anyone would be　__12__ to have kids like us and that our love opened his eyes to something worth __13__.

Meeting and __14__ John was better than any gift I've ever received and it __15__ showed me my purpose in life.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者今年夏天帮助一位残疾人修建房顶，此次经历给作者留下了深刻的印象，让他明白了人生的意义。

1．A.goal　　　　　　　　　　 B．dream

C．survey D．pleasure

解析：选D　根据文章内容可知，连续四年夏天，“我”都高兴地参加了这个为期一周的工作营。

2．A.month B．week

C．year D．term

解析：选B　第1空后“this weeklong camp”有提示。在一周的时间里，来自全国各地的年轻人为那些生活拮据的人和老年人修缮房屋。

3．A.name B．design

C．choice D．honor

解析：选A　本空后Work Camp就是这个工作营的名字。

4．A.reminded B．encouraged

C．questioned D．taught

解析：选C　本空后就是他们反问“我”的问题。

5．A.sing B．study

C．contact D．work

解析：选D　根据上文“Work Camp”可知，他们反问：“为什么我要花费300美元去太阳底下劳作一周呢？”

6．A.attack B．promise

C．warn D．award

解析：选B　根据下句“trusting me”可知，“我”所能承诺给他们的就是这将是他们人生中最令人难忘的经历之一。

7．A.worriedly B．eventually

C．nervously D．occasionally

解析：选B　根据上文可知，他们相信了“我”，“我”最终把他们拉了进来。

8．A.built B．repaired

C．found D．needed

解析：选D　根据第4空后“fix and build”可知，John是残疾人，他需要一个新屋顶。

9．A.recovery B．behavior

C．progress D．system

解析：选C　上句提到我们开始为他修建屋顶，所以他经常来查看进度。

10．A.modern B．hard

C．busy D．short

解析：选B　根据第12空前“confined (受限制) to a wheelchair”可知，他整天坐着轮椅，生活非常艰难。

11．A.agree B．escape

C．leave D．apologize

解析：选C　根据本空前“the last day”可知，最后一天，我们修建好屋顶后准备离开。

12．A.fortunate B．brave

C．careful D．suitable

解析：选A　我们帮了他的忙。他说任何一个拥有像我们这样的孩子的人是幸运的。

13．A.carrying out B．living for

C．giving up D．taking back

解析：选B　我们的爱心让他觉得生活很有意义。

14．A.helping B．describing

C．respecting D．appreciating

解析：选A　“我”遇到了他并帮助他修建了屋顶。

15．A.suddenly B．quickly

C．truly D．frequently

解析：选C　根据上段首句“我”的感悟可知，这次经历真正让“我”感受到了人生的意义。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透

完形填空技法(3)——利用语境暗示分析法解题

上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在完形填空题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。例如上文中的第2题可以根据上文第1空后“this weeklong camp”的暗示确定答案为B项(week)；第10题可以根据上文第8空前“confined (受限制) to a wheelchair”的暗示确定答案为B项(hard)。

A

When 12 girls from San Fernando High School in California received a grant (助学金) to develop an invention to solve a real­world problem, they decided to create a solar­powered shelter.Now for over a year, the girls have been working after school and over their winter and spring breaks to complete their project.

“They have this amazing drive that I've never seen before，” said Violet Mardirosian, a math teacher at San Fernando High.“I thought at the beginning that maybe some of them would give up, saying ‘I didn't expect this much work，’but they don't.They're just working hard and they're not giving up.”

Living in a low­income community (社区)，the girls have seen the problem of homelessness first­hand, which is why they chose that population to create a product for.Many of them are also from immigrant families and hope the solar­powered shelter might help refugees (难民)．

Seventeen­year­old Maggie Mejia said that while she had no engineering experience, the girls figured out as a team how to create the prototype (雏形), using how­to videos and books that taught them how to code.But the most important lesson she's learned over the course of the project isn't technical.“I've learned a lot about helping others, helping the community and showing a better world to other people，” she said.

The girls have been invited to MIT to show their invention.Mardirosian says all the participating students have expressed interest in going into STEM (science，technology，engineering, mathematics) fields and that students from lower grades are already expressing interest in being involved next year.She says, “Many of them didn't think about engineering before.They thought maybe they're not made out to be an engineer.But working together，now they realize they're all needed in this field.Everyone has found their importance in this picture.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了十二名中学女生利用课余时间为无家可归者搭建了一所太阳能棚屋。

1．Why did Mardirosian think some girls would quit the subject?

A．It was not practical in real life.

B．It demanded a lot of time and energy.

C．It was not supported by their math teacher.

D．It required a lot of money and expert knowledge.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I thought at the beginning ...expect this much work”可知，Mardirosian认为这一项目需要参与者做大量的工作，费时费力，所以有些女孩可能会知难而退。

2．“Why did the girls decide to create a solar­powered shelter?

A．To save energy.　　　　 B．To win a scholarship.

C．To help the homeless. D．To be admitted to MIT.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Living in a low­income community ...create a product for.”可知，女孩子们搭建太阳能棚屋是为了帮助无家可归者改善他们的生活状况。

3．According to Maggie，what is the most valuable lesson she has learned from the project?

A．How to code.

B．The power of teamwork.

C．The way to teach herself.

D．How to make the world a better place.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中Maggie所说的“I've learned a lot ...to other people”可知，通过这一项目，Maggie最大的收获是学会了帮助别人，帮助社区，让人们看到一个更美好的世界。

4．What does Mardirosian think of the project?

A．It taught girls to be independent.

B．It should be continued next year.

C．It inspired girls' interest in STEM.

D．It showed the importance of engineering.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Mardirosian所说的话可知，她认为这一项目最重要的意义在于它激发了女生们对STEM学科的兴趣，这将有助于她们日后选择这类职业。

B

Pollination (授粉) is important for the reproduction of many plants.Some rely on the wind or water for pollination, but most depend on animals to serve as the pollinators.Insects like bees, moths, and beetles also serve as the pollinators, helping with this process.

Unfortunately, the worldwide spread of light pollution may be affecting the important interactions (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad consequences for both natural areas and agricultural lands.

A team of scientists in Switzerland recently studied how the complex interactions between plants and pollinators were affected by artificial light at night.By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able to compare the differences.

Focusing on cabbage thistle, a type of plants, the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands.They also noted 29% fewer  pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits on the cabbage thistle plants they were studying.

Based on the fact that there was reduced fruit production in the controlled lands, the scientists found that the pollinators who worked during the day were not able to make up for the reduced activity of the pollinators at night.Additionally, there seemed to be the potential for a very negative_effect,_because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are the most important sources of food for them.

Artificial light affects pollination, and thus fruit production, in two different, but connected ways, according to a scientist from California.Imagine a moth flying into a light at night  — the first way is by misdirecting pollinators.The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants.Besides, plants and insects respond to varying wavelengths of light differently.More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between plants, pollinators, and different types of light.

“The annually increasing man­made light improves humans' life.It causes bad consequences for the environment, however.We can never base  our life on the loss of the environment，” says Knop, lead author of the study.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夜晚灯光影响昆虫对植物授粉的研究过程及发现。

5．According to the passage, the first paragraph is used to  ________.

A．put forward a problem

B．inform the purpose of the study

C．present background information

D．introduce the subjects to be studied

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据全文可知，第一段介绍了授粉以引出昆虫和植物繁殖之间的关系，为后文所要介绍的研究提供背景信息。

6．According to the study, the plants under the artificial light ________.

A．stopped bearing fruits in the end

B．were visited by fewer insects

C．failed to be pollinated

D．were more attractive to pollinators

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段“the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands.They also noted 29% fewer  pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands”可知，有灯光的情形下，前去给植物授粉的昆虫的数量减少了。

7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．The loss of pollination.

B．The starvation of insects.

C．The reduced fruit production.

D．The death of some plants.

解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第五段“Additionally ...because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are  the most important sources of food for them.”可知，接受昆虫授粉的植物是那些昆虫的主要食物来源，因此夜晚授粉活动的减少会造成那些昆虫因缺乏食物而挨饿。

8．What can we learn from Paragraph 6?

A．Misdirected insects confuse plants' sense of time.

B．Pollination and fruit production are related in two ways.

C．Artificial light affects plants' pollination and sense of time.

D．The different effects of varying light on pollination are clear.

解析：选C　细节理解题。综合倒数第二段“Artificial light affects pollination”和“...misdirecting pollinators.The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants.”可知，灯光会影响植物的授粉和植物对时间的感觉。