2020版新高考一轮复习英语新课改·外研版讲义：必修二Module2NoDrugs

Module 2 No Drugs

一、课前基础自查

(一)分类记单词——省时高效

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本

二、课堂重点深化

1．addict n．对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子vt.使入迷；使上瘾

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①Addicting themselves to surfing (surf) the Internet,  many kids have lost interest in study.

②I discovered an addiction (addict) to housework which I had never felt before.

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

佳句时时写

③(2018·北京高考书面表达)得知你迷上了中国文化，我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。

Knowing you are_addicted_to_Chinese_culture,_I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.

[名师指津]　(1)addicted, addiction常与介词to连用，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

(2)addicted常修饰人；addictive“使人上瘾的”，常修饰物。

2．likely adj.可能的adv.很可能

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.

②If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to_be_improved (improve)．

　[系统归纳]

　[辨析比较]　likely, possible, probable

　[重点强化]

易错对对碰(likely/possible/probable)

③It is possible that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn't seem probable. In that case, we are likely to go climbing this afternoon.

佳句时时写(句型转换)

④The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.

→It_is_likely_that the exams will work out as expected and my dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.

3．reduce vt.减少；降低；使处于

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①Many countries in Latin America have been trying to_reduce (reduce) gaps in income, so that people can live in harmony.

②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 30 days.

③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

佳句时时写

④减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊你的感受。

One of the most effective ways to_reduce_stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.

[名师指津]　reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase, rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to ...表示增减的结果，接by ...表示增减的幅度。

4．recognise vt.认识；认知；认出

　[自主体验]

单句语法填空

①The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being_recognised (recognise)．

②And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognise as representing peace.

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

佳句时时写(句型转换)

③Environmental pollution is recognised to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.

→It_is_recognised_that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.

1．break into破门而入；强行闯入；突然……起来

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

单句语法填空

①Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers breaking into your house.

②In order to get some money, the man broke up that old machine and sold some parts.

③They were discussing something important when a man broke in.

佳句时时写

④他一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。

No sooner had he stepped on the stage than_the_audience_broke_into thunderous applause.

[名师指津]　break into中into为介词，其后须接宾语；而break in中in为副词，为不及物动词短语，其后不接宾语，表示“强行闯入；打断(谈话等)”。

2．give up戒除；放弃；让给；停止

　[系统归纳]

　[重点强化]

单句语法填空

①The children were required to give in_their examination papers immediately.

②That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave some brochures away to the people there.

③My money was beginning to give out and there were no jobs to be found.

佳句时时写

④刚开始时，学习英语似乎很难，以至于我甚至都没有尝试就想放弃。

At the beginning, learning English seemed so difficult that_I_wanted_to_give up without_even_trying.

3．whatever引导让步状语从句

　[教材原句]　Whatever_you're_doing when you want to smoke — do something else!

　[自主体验]

①Whatever_the_result_is,_we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.

无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽了全力。

②However far away we are, we feel close to each other.

→No_matter_how far away we are, we feel close to each other.

　[归纳点拨]

　[佳句背诵]

①(精彩开头句)(2018·江苏高考书面表达)I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.

②(增分要点句)As young people, we are supposed to work hard and enjoy our work, no matter how ordinary it is.

本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“生活方式和生活态度”子话题相对应

一、话题语素积累多一点

话题词汇记一记

子话题(一)　吸烟与吸毒

子话题(二)　医疗保健

常用词块忆一忆

①take drugs　　　　　　　 吸毒

②take measures   采取措施

③be harmful to   对……有害

④quit smoking   戒烟

⑤be good to   对……有好处

⑥deal with   处理

⑦be infected with   传染上

⑧break down  (身体)垮掉

⑨suffer from   遭受；患上

⑩get into trouble   陷入困境

⑪get rid of   去除

⑫keep away from   远离

⑬get out of   摆脱

⑭operate on sb.   给某人动手术

⑮cause damage to   对……造成危害

⑯break into   闯入

⑰appeal to   呼吁

⑱be related to   与……有关

⑲bring ...under control   使……得以控制

⑳be responsible for   为……承担责任

be aware of   意识到

attach importance to   重视

ban smoking   禁止吸烟

break the law   犯法

写作佳句背一背

①Getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol is an important way to keep healthy.

②In order to arouse his father's attention to health, Li Ming reminded him of the bad effects of smoking.

③As far as I know, more and more people have realized smoking does great harm to health.

二、“分步写作”表达准一点

读后续写情节发展合理化

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

John_Blanchard stood up, straightened his army uniform(制服), and studied the crowd making their way through the station. He looked for the_girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he had never seen, the girl with a rose.

His interest in her began thirteen months ago in a library. Taking a book off the shelf, he found himself fascinated, not with the words of the book,_but with the notes penciled in the margin (页边的空白). The soft handwriting showed a thoughtful soul and brilliant mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the owner's name, Miss_Hollis_Maynell. With time and effort he found her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond (通信). The next day he was shipped overseas for military service.

During the next year and one month, the two begun to know each other by mail. Each letter was a seed falling on both hearts. A romance was budding. Blanchard asked for a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like.

When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting — 7 pm at the Grand_Central_Station in New York. “You'll recognize me，” she wrote. “By the red_rose I'll wear my dress.” So at 7：00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen.

A young lady was coming toward him. Her figure was long and slim; her blonde hair lay back from her ears; her eyes were blue as flowers; her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in_her_pale_green_suit she was like springtime coming alive. He went toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As he moved, a middle­aged woman whispered, “Going my way, Sir？”

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1：

Almost uncontrollably he made his way to the woman, and then he noticed that she was wearing a red rose.                                                                        

Paragraph 2：

The woman's face broadened into a big smile.　                                                                        

[写作步骤]

第一步：速读全文

文本大意：文章讲述了一个温暖的爱情故事。十三个月前在一个图书馆里，男主人公John Blanchard从书架上取下了一本书，他被这本书页边空白处的字迹所深深吸引。男主人公知道了这本书之前的主人名叫Hollis Maynell，于是他费了很大的力气找到这个女孩的地址，开始通信。不久，男主人公John就去海外服兵役去了。在一年又一个月的通信中，他们之间的爱情慢慢发芽，当男主人公服役结束从欧洲回来的那天，他们约定晚上七点在纽约中央车站见面。女主人公说她会穿着自己的裙子拿着红玫瑰出现在那里。然而，一位妙龄女子吸引了男主人公John的注意，他完全没有注意到这个妙龄女子手中并没有拿着红玫瑰……

叙述意图：文章告诉我们爱情不是最初的甜蜜，而是繁华退去却依然不离不弃。

第二步：细读全文

1．所给短文情景模式分析。

2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。

★人物：John Blanchard, the girl, Miss Hollis Maynell, woman

★地点：library, Grand Central Station

★其他：book, letter, red rose, in her pale green suit

第三步：精心谋篇

1．Paragraph 1：Almost uncontrollably he made his way to the woman, and then he noticed that she was wearing a red rose. 他几乎无法控制地朝那个女人走去，然后他注意到她戴着一朵红玫瑰花。

[情节分析]　当John向那个中年女士走过去后发现，她确实戴着一朵红玫瑰花。John意识到这位中年女士才是她要等的人。那么，这里男主人公应该是什么样的心情呢？他是否会感到失望？ 他又会怎么做呢？ 是直接离开还是礼貌地和这位女士交谈呢？

沿以上思路我们可以这样展开联想：John Blanchard明白了这个中年女士正是他所等的人，尽管他很想跟着那个年轻女子，但他还是停了下来，他走上前，礼貌地和中年女士打了招呼然后拿出了那本在图书馆找到的书。寒暄之后，他邀请中年女士一起吃晚餐。

2．Paragraph 2: The woman's face broadened into a big smile.这个女士的脸上展现出了一个大大的笑容。

[情节分析]　她的笑意味着什么呢？接下来这位女士会做些什么呢？她是不是Hollis Maynell呢？ 真正的Hollis Maynell又在哪里呢？

沿着以上思路我们可以这样展开联想：中年女士说道：“我并不知道这一切是怎么回事。刚才走过的那个穿浅绿色衣服的女孩恳求我把这朵红玫瑰花戴在衣服上。她说如果你邀请我一起吃晚餐的话，我就告诉你她在马路对面的餐厅等你。这是一场测试。”

第四步：初写成文

Paragraph 1：

1．约翰·布兰查德看到那个女人很失望，她已经40多岁了。

John Blanchard was_disappointed_to_see the woman, and she was over 40 years old.

2．确切地说，她就是他等待的那个女孩。

Exactly, she was the_girl_he_was_waiting_for.

3．虽然他想跟着那位年轻的女子走，但他还是停下来朝那位女士走去，向她打招呼，并把在图书馆里找到的那本书递给她。

Though he wanted to follow the young lady, he stopped and walked toward the woman, greeted her and held_out_the_book_he_found_in_the_library.

4．我是约翰·布兰查德，你一定是哈里斯·玛尼尔小姐。

I'm John Blanchard, and you must_be Miss Hollis Maynell.

5．我很高兴你来见我，我可以请你吃饭吗？

I am very glad you could meet me; may I take_you_to_dinner?

Paragraph 2：

6．我并不知道这一切是怎么回事。

I don't know what_this_is_about.

7．刚才走过的那个穿浅绿色衣服的年轻女子恳求我把这朵红玫瑰花戴在衣服上。

The young lady in her pale green suit who just went by begged_me_to_wear the red rose on my coat.

8．她说如果你邀请我一起吃晚餐的话，我就告诉你她在马路对面的餐厅等你。

She said if you were going to invite me to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in_the_restaurant_across_the_street.

9．她说这是一个测试！

She said it_was_a_test!

第五步：润色升级

1．把要点1后一分句改为定语从句。

John_Blanchard_was_disappointed_to_see_the_woman,_who_was_over_40_years_old.

2．把要点3中的wanted改为高级词汇。

wanted→would_like

3．把要点5中的very改为高级词汇。

very→more_than

4．用but合并要点6和要点7。

I_don't_know_what_this_is_about,_but_the_young_lady_in_her_pale_green_suit_who_just_went_by_begged_me_to_wear_the_red_rose_on_my_coat.

第六步：复查定稿

Paragraph 1：

Almost uncontrollably he made his way to the woman, and then he noticed that she was wearing a red rose.John_Blanchard was disappointed to see the woman, who was over 40 years old. Exactly, she was the_girl he was waiting for.Though he would like to follow the young lady, he stopped and walked toward the woman, greeted her and held out the book he found in the library.“I'm John Blanchard, and you must be Miss_Hollis_Maynell. I am more than glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner？”

Paragraph 2：

The woman's face broadened into a big smile. “I don't know what this is about，”she answered, “but the young lady in_her_pale_green_suit who just went by begged me to wear the red_rose on my coat.And she said if you were going to invite me to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in the restaurant across the street.She said it was a test！”

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．As the company was declining, the number of employees in the company reduced (减少) from 120 to 80.

2．I have known him for ten years but I could hardly recognise (认出) him when I saw him in the street this morning.

3．When taking blood from someone, mosquitoes do not inject (注射) blood from any previous person.

4．In terms of studying, I prefer to study in the library because there are many distractions (分心) at home.

5．We stopped at the nearby (附近的) shop to buy some drinks before climbing the mountain.

6．As the medical science is developing so fast, cancer (癌症) will not be a deadly disease in the future.

7．He is not likely (可能的) to come at this time of the day.

8．Do you advocate banning (禁止) cars in the city centre?

Ⅱ.语境语法填空

1．Tom formed a bad habit of drinking and smoking. His parents ❶reduced (reduce) his living cost and warned him that he was likely ❷to_be_punished (punish) if he went on like this, but in vain. He even broke ❸into a house to steal money. Now with the help of the police he ❹has_recognised (recognise) that he should not have broken the law.

2．Now more and more students are becoming ❶addicted (addict) to the Internet. To give it ❷up is hard for them. Their parents and teachers did all that they can to help them, but ❸whatever they did, some students couldn't get away from it.

3．The wealthy man ❶has_been_banned (ban) from driving ever since the accident. It is said that the accident was related ❷to drunk driving.

Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子

1．我大约有4年时间沉迷于电子游戏中。(addict)

I went through about four years of being_addicted_to video games.

2．如果你买十本以上的书，他们会把价格降低10%。(reduce)

If you buy more than ten books, they will reduce_the_price_by 10 percent.

3．林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。(recognise)

Lincoln is_recognised_as/to_be one of the greatest presidents in America.

4．我从没说过我会把我的新书给她。绝不可能！(likely)

I never said I'd give her my new books.Not_likely!

5．无论你做什么，都不能违背自然规律。(whatever)

Whatever_you_do,_you can't go against nature.

Ⅳ.短文填空

(Ⅰ)根据提示填空

Why do people smoke? One reason is that people ❶become_addicted_to (对……有瘾) cigarettes. The ❷addictive (addict) substance in cigarettes is nicotine. When people smoke, the nicotine goes right into the blood stream and makes people relaxed. A smoker's body ❸becomes_used_to (习惯于) the nicotine and if he stops smoking he feels nervous. Many smokers try to ❹quit_smoking (戒烟), but because of the addiction to nicotine they feel so ❺uncomfortable (comfort) that they often find it too hard to do so. Another reason is that people only enjoy smoking. Having a cigarette for many people means ❻taking_a_break (休息). For some people, smoking becomes part of certain social rituals (礼节), for example, the cigarette after dinner. Lots of people enjoy ❼smoking (smoke) because it provides something to do with their hands. Reaching for a cigarette, ❽lighting (light) it, and flicking the ashes is especially comfortable in situations where a person feels nervous.

Many people also like the taste of tar (焦油) in cigarettes. However, it is the tar that ❾causes (cause) cancer. While governments and health experts have tried to get people to give up smoking completely, cigarette manufacturers have tried to keep selling them by producing cigarettes with less (little) tar. Many people in western countries have welcomed these cigarettes since they find it hard to give up smoking, but want to reduce the danger to their health.

(Ⅱ)片段选词填空

become addicted to， deal with， do away with， for example， keep ... away from， more than， take drugs， work out

There are several ways to ❶do_away_with drug addiction. The first step, as I'm sure you have heard hundreds of times, is to realise that there's a problem. If there are people in your life ❷taking_drugs,_you'll need to let them know that it's hurting ❸more_than just themselves.

Once you've gotten them to realise this, if possible, you'll need to help them. You'll need a way to ❹work_out the problems that pull them towards drugs, or to create something else that will ❺keep these people_away_from drugs.

Sometimes other drugs are in line. ❻For_example,_most heavy drinkers are affected by depression. Over 40% of Americans are affected by depression, and over 60% of the male population of these people have turned towards drinking to ❼deal_with their problems related to depression. This greatly increases the chances of abuse, as well as many other horrible effects of alcohol.

When someone ❽becomes_addicted_to any drug, you'll need to deal with it immediately. It's better to deal with the problem before it turns into one which cannot be controlled. The best thing you can do for yourself is to get help from anyone else or the people within your family before you turn to any drugs.

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心

Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful (power) effect on the feeling of a space.

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel.

3．(2017·北京高考)We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing connections_(connect) between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

4．(2016·10月浙江高考)Sixty­four percent of those survey participants_(participate)who haven't worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.

5．(2016·江苏高考)According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El Nio's harmful effects — and the poorer the country, the stronger the link.

6．(2015·安徽高考)Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful.

Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空

(选用treatment, reduce, illegal, addicted to填空)

1．(2018·江苏高考完形填空)Wild camping is __43__ in England.To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning.illegal

2．(2018·江苏高考完形填空)Raynor ached all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial struggle, found his symptoms were strangely __48__ by their daily tiring journey._reduced

3．(2015·安徽高考完形填空)Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We are __47__ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that never is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones._addicted_to

4．(2015·江苏高考完形填空)One day, while waiting to go in for __43__， I had one of Dr. Bernie's books in my hand. Another patient noticed what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me because he had one of his books with him as well.treatment

二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度

新高考下的命题新视角：身体健康是人们最宝贵的财富，而远离不良习惯是健康的前提。吸烟有害健康，吸毒危害社会。为了家人的幸福，为了社会的和谐安定，请远离不良习惯！高考依据此话题作为命题视角，旨在警示人们远离毒品、健康生活。

[话题感悟]

学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深

( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)

[1]Cigarette smoking kills 480,000 people every year in the United States, over 40,000 of them from secondhand smoke. According to the report from Healthline, about 36.5 million American adults are identified as current smokers, which puts them and those around them at high risk for a host of conditions. But quitting smoking can reduce your risk for all of these things. That's where these blogs come in.

Verywell

[2]On this blog, Verywell offers a lot of material for smokers trying to quit smoking. These posts are informative, well­written, and even entertaining. Recent stop­smoking topics include how to deal with the signs of nicotine withdrawal (尼古丁脱瘾症) with the help of medicine, and how to resist the urge to smoke. Any one of these is useful for a smoker trying to quit smoking.

American Lung Association's Blog

[3]The American Lung Association is the largest nonprofit organization in the United States working to improve lung health and prevent lung disease. Their website is an essential source for folks trying to quit smoking and in need of support. A series of posts called “The Day I Quit” is particularly helpful. Sharing stories from folks across the country who have put the brakes on smoking. Therefore, they can exchange their experiences and learn from people who have succeeded in doing so.

EX Community

[4]EX is an organization dedicated to supporting folks quitting smoking. They provide a wealth of resources on their website, including expert advice, community forums, and a feature to match smokers with support partners. The organization is a project of the Truth Initiative and Mayo Clinic. Recent posts discuss how smoking relates to weight management.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些跟戒烟有关的博客。

1．Who may most probably visit Verywell?

A．Smokers who want to entertain themselves.

B．Smokers who want to quit smoking in a short time.

C．Smokers who want to stop smoking by taking medicine.

D．Smokers who want to control their diseases by taking medicine.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Verywell部分的“Recent stop­smoking topics include how to deal with the signs of nicotine withdrawal (尼古丁脱瘾症) with the help of medicine”可知，想要通过药物戒烟的吸烟者会访问这个博客。

2．Which blog helps those trying to quit smoking find partners?

A．Verywell.

B．EX Community.

C．Healthline.

D．American Lung Association's Blog.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据EX Community部分“a feature to match smokers with support partners”可知，寻找同伴一起戒烟可以浏览EX Community。

3．What's the text meant to?

A．To tell the harm of smoking.

B．To make advertisements for blogs.

C．To encourage smokers to quit smoking.

D．To recommend some blogs on quitting smoking.

解析：选D　写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段最后两句可知，本文主要介绍了一些跟戒烟有关的博客。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透

主旨大意技法(3)——运用行文结构巧解写作意图题

写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者接受某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。对于这类题我们可以通过分析文章的行文结构来推测出作者的写作意图。例如本文的行文结构如下图：

通过上面的行文结构，我们不难选择第3题的正确答案为D项。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Vitamin D can benefit bone health and increase muscle strength.It can also help prevent conditions such as rickets.Of course its health benefits aren't limited to these few at all.Vitamin D is produced when sunlight hits our skin.It can also be found in certain foods such as eggs and fatty fish, and can be taken as a supplement (补充物)．

Now researchers say they have found a new benefit of it.“We believe vitamin D has a beneficial effect on many cancers，” said Taiki Yamaji, coauthor of a study in Japan.It is not the first study to suggest that people with low levels of vitamin D might be at increased risk of a number of cancers.However, the  evidence is far from clear, with some studies showing no such effect and others suggesting protective effects against particular cancers but not others.

The latest study sought to debate the_issue.The team looked at levels of the biologically active form of vitamin D in blood taken from more than 30,000 middle­aged individuals at health centers during the early 1990s.The participants were followed up over  a period of 16 years.

After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking status, family history of cancer, as well as seasonal differences in circulating vitamin D, the team found that higher levels of circulating vitamin D are linked to a lower risk of cancer overall.Compared with the participants with the lowest levels of circulating vitamin D, the participants with the highest levels had a 22% lower risk of cancer.The team said there was no difference in the effect of vitamin D based on sex.

Looking at specific cancers, the team found about a 50% lower risk of liver cancer, once diet was also considered, for the group with the highest vitamin D levels compared with the lowest.A weaker effect was found for a kind of breast cancer, but there was no clear link for other cancers, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer or breast cancer as a whole.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，维生素D或许可以帮助人们降低患某些癌症的风险。

1．What does Paragraph 1 tell us about vitamin D?

A．It's important to our physical well­being.

B．It is highly valued by people nowadays.

C．It can help prevent many rare diseases.

D．It can be widely found in many foods.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Vitamin D can benefit bone health ...its health benefits aren't limited to these few at all.”可知，维生素D对我们的身体健康很重要。

2．What does the underlined part “the issue” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．If vitamin D is beneficial to our health.

B．If taking vitamin D supplements matters.

C．If certain cancers can be avoided through measures.

D．If vitamin D  helps reduce the risk of certain cancers.

解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第二段的后两句内容可知，有些研究表明对维生素D是否可以帮助减少患某些癌症的风险的证据不足，所以研究人员决定通过长期跟踪实验来论证这一问题。画线部分指代维生素D是否可以帮助减少患某些癌症的风险这一问题。

3．The researchers arrived at their findings by ________.

A．doing various experiments at the lab

B．comparing previous studies with the current one

C．analyzing data provided by people of various ages

D．conducting a long­term study on thousands of people

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，研究人员通过对三万多人进行长达十六年的研究才得出的结论。

4．What did the researchers find?

A．Vitamins can really help prevent various cancers.

B．Vitamin D  is effective in helping prevent liver cancer.

C．Women can benefit more from the effects of vitamin D.

D．People taking vitamin supplements were usually healthy.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段的“Looking at specific cancers, the team found about a 50% lower risk of liver cancer, once diet was also considered, for the group with the highest vitamin D levels compared with the lowest.”可知答案。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

This woman was afraid to tell people what she wanted.She didn't know how to say no.__1__ This woman was me.

I just wanted to be accepted and loved.The only way to make it was to put everyone else's needs before my own.__2__ As an experiment, I began standing up for myself, even at the risk of distancing myself from others.

Here's what I did: Tell the truth honestly and politely.Six months ago, I was asked to help serve guests at a long and boring social event.__3__ And then I struggled about how to get out of this “duty”．Eventually, after many waves of anxiety, I politely told the organizer the very thought of mine.Later, I tried saying “no” to others.

__4__ In the beginning, saying no was tough.But when I stopped people­pleasing, no one cared.For example, a former close schoolmate asked me to go for coffee at 5 p．m.But I was planning to hit the gym.I said, “Sorry, I've got things I want to do tonight.” She said, “That's fine.Maybe another time.”

Thus, I have a lot more time that belongs to me.I never seemed to have time for my desires.Learning how to say “no” has added several extra hours to my weeks.I no longer have to give up my plans to help  a friend with his job search, or set aside a weekend to edit books for someone I barely know.__5__

A．Saying “no” has set me free.

B．I wasted a lot of time worrying.

C．But recently, I felt I'd had enough.

D．Rather than saying what I felt, I said “OK.”

E．It's because I have more time for my interests.

F．People around me didn't mind my saying “no”．

G．Therefore, she got herself stuck in a web of anxiety.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者改变自己，学会拒绝他人的经历。

1．选G　空处位于段中，与下文之间存在指代的关系。下文中的This woman指代G项中的she。

2．选C　空处位于段中，是一个过渡句。空处与前文在内容上是转折关系，故选C，下文是对C项内容的解释说明。

3．选D　空处位于段中，是一个过渡句。D项“我没有说出自己真实的想法，而是答应了(别人的请求)”能够承接上文内容“我被请求去帮忙”。

4．选F　空处位于段首，是本段主题句。而本段陈述的主要内容是“我拒绝刻意去取悦别人后，别人并没有在意我的拒绝”。

5．选A　空处位于段尾，是一个总结句。根据最后一段特别是Learning how to ...可知，拒绝他人，让我获得自由。

Ⅲ.读后续写

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Excited screams of joy,_the sounds of two happy little girls playing in the sand, rang across the beach. But I walked along, barely aware of it. I'd come to this remote beach on my sailboat, a place to escape. My wife and I had recently separated, our marriage in trouble. I worried about my two boys, just six and eight. It seemed like forever since I'd heard them laugh. But I didn't know what to do to make things better.

“Help! Help！” The girls shouted. I'd meant to tell them to stay away from the dangerous water. Now one of them was in the ocean, beyond the surf_line. I could just hear her screams over the waves. Any second now she'd be swept away. I ran across the sand as fast as I could. The other girl was at the edge of the surf line, yelling.

“Wait! Stop! Don't go any farther！” I charged into the waves and was reaching for her when a wall of water dashed over us. For half a second I saw her disappear under another big wave. I'm a strong swimmer, but I could feel the wave pulling me hard. I swam to her and seized her, her little body shaking, trembling. But where is the other girl? I saw a waving arm. A head broke the surface, not far away. The arms of the girl I'd rescued were wrapped desperately around my neck. She was breathing with sobs. “Let go of my neck. I need you on my back. Hold my shoulders so I can swim to your friend.”

She loosed her hands and I shifted her to my back. “She's my sister, Sarah,_and I am Lillian，” she said. For a moment I thought of my boys. How much they loved each other. How much I loved them.

I looked across the water and saw a small head after a big wave. I quickened my swimming, fighting for each breath. Tiny arms pressed against my shoulder. I reached out and held the second little girl. She was in total tiredness,_taking deep breaths, crying quietly.

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1：

I swam hard with the two girls and looked toward shore, but I couldn't see anyone.　       

Paragraph 2：

“Mommy！” The loud cry wakened my consciousness.　                            

参考范文：

Paragraph 1：

I swam hard with the two girls and looked toward shore, but I couldn't see anyone. We were too far away from the beach. I was close to total tiredness. But there was no time to wait. I decided to swim on my stomach. I told Lillian to circle her arms around my shoulder and asked Sarah to hold her sister's arms with both hands. I swam as hard as I could. When I took one last look at the beach, in my mind I saw my wife and children. I could feel their love, and from behind me I felt an incredible force, lifting.

Paragraph 2：

“Mommy！” The loud cry wakened my consciousness. I looked up, a man was trying to drag me out of the water. A woman cried, “Thank you. You saved my daughters.” I tried to comprehend what had happened. My efforts and struggles had paid off. I thought of that giant wave,_lifting and pushing me. I was given the strength I needed. My families were waiting for me. I just needed the strength to make an effort.