2020届新高考英语二轮教师用书：专题一语法填空



[考纲解读·定方向]
《考试说明》指出：语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”是该题型的命题原则：“突出语篇，强调运用”为其命题思路。该题型要求考生需对常用语法项目的基本概念、用法等掌握清楚，如：明白什么时候用冠词，哪些是从句，要填的词的词性是什么，是否是固定搭配，所填的词是否符合文章的主题、上下文逻辑等。
对应学生用书P6
[全国卷三年考情分析]
试
卷
年份
体裁与词
数
题材
“有提示词类”填空
“无提示词类”填空
[命题者说]
谓
语
动
词
非谓语动
词
名词转化
名词
代词
比较级
冠词
介词
副词
代词
连词
与状
语从
句
定
语
从
句
名词性从
句
全
国
卷
Ⅰ
2019
说明文(175)
人与动物
2
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1.素养考查：旨在考查考生的思维品质、文化意识和学习能力。
2.考查目的：主要考查在运用英语过程中的词法和句法基本知识，兼顾行文逻辑、习惯用法、固定搭配以及常用句型等。
3.选材趋势：一般选取200词左右的记叙文或说明文，内容广泛。
4.考点设置：基本上每个空考查一个语法项目，但动词、名词等用法较多，可能从不同角度进行考查。
5.设题要求：一般6－7个空有提示词，以实词为主，所填词的适当形式一般不超过三个词；3－4个空没有提示词，以填虚词为主。
2018
说明文
(196)
跑步
健身
1
3
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2017
说明文
(221)
健康
饮食
2
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
全
国
卷
Ⅱ
2019
记叙文(194)
自我奉献
2
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
2018
说明文(204)
农业结构
2
2
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
2017
说明文(193)
地铁的历史
2
1
3
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
全
国
卷
Ⅲ
2019
记叙文(175)
主人热情招待
客人
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
2018
记叙文(204)
与动物接触
1
3
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
2017
记叙文
(213)
人物介绍
2
2
2
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0



(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence____61____they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been____62____(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000­25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods____63____tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s，and are expensive____64____(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut____65____(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a____66____(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by____67____(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are____68____(high) than they actually are. Of____69____nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six____70____(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[语篇解读]　本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容为人与动物。文章介绍了北极熊的分布区域和北极熊数量的变化情况。
61．解析：that　考查同位语从句。虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊，但是有证据表明它们在整个北极地区活动，向南甚至远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。设空处引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，该从句不缺少任何成分，所以要用that引导。
62．解析：poorly　考查副词。因为对许多区域调查得不够充分，所以很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。设空处单词修饰动词studied，故用其副词形式poorly。
63．解析：of/for　考查介词。现代化的跟踪调查北极熊数量的方法在20世纪80年代中期就开始被采用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。
64．解析：to perform　考查不定式。这些方法大面积持续使用起来，费用很高。sth.be＋adj.＋to do，其中不定式作状语，与sth.是动宾关系。
65．解析：have reported　考查动词时态和主谓一致。最近几年，生活在Nunavut的一些因纽特人报告说他们在人类居住区周围看到北极熊的次数增加了。设空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In recent years可知，时态为现在完成时，主语some Inuit people为复数形式，故填have reported。
66．解析：belief　考查名词。这些报告使人们相信北极熊的数量正在增长。设空处作leading to的宾语，且前面有不定冠词a修饰，故用所给动词的名词形式belief。
67．解析：noting　考查非谓语动词。科学家们对此作出了回应，他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语，故用v.­ing形式，即by doing sth.通过做某事。
68．解析：higher　考查比较级。这就造成了北极熊数量比它们实际数量要多的错觉。根据空后的than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式higher。
69．解析：the　考查冠词。句意：在被认出来的19个北极熊亚群中，有3个数量在降低，有6个是稳定的，1个在增加，还有9个缺少足够的数据。设空处在本句中表示特指，故填定冠词the。
70．解析：are　考查时态和主谓一致。根据设空处前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知，本空需用一般现在时；主语是six(subpopulations)，故填are。



一、“有提示词类”考点例析
提示词为动词

“一定三思”解“动词”

[命题点1]　考查谓语动词
解题攻略
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，以此来确定谓语动词的数。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut______65______(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
[分析]　考查动词时态和主谓一致。最近几年，生活在Nunavut的一些因纽特人报告说他们在人类居住区周围看到北极熊的次数增加了。设空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In recent years可知，时态为现在完成时，主语some Inuit people为复数形式，故填have reported。
典例2
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six______70______(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[分析]　考查时态和主谓一致。根据设空处前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知，本空需用一般现在时；主语是six(subpopulations)，故填are。
典例3
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ______64______(declare)she had no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business.
[分析]　考查时态。本句为主从复合句。设空处作proud Irene的谓语动词。后面的she had no plans...为宾语从句。根据上下文可知，设空处的谓语动词该用一般过去时，故填declared。
典例4
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)On the last day of our week­long stay，we______69______(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
[分析]　考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是句子的谓语动词，由语境可知时态应为一般过去时，该动作与主语we之间是被动关系，故填were invited。
[命题点2]　考查非谓语动词
解题攻略
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语通常用非谓语动词形式；此外，doing表示主动、进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s，and are expensive______64______(perform) consistently over a large area.
[分析]　考查不定式。这些方法大面积持续使用起来，费用很高。sth.be＋adj.＋to do，其中不定式作状语，与sth.是动宾关系。故填to perform。
典例2
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Scientists have responded by______67______(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
[分析]　考查非谓语动词。科学家们对此作出了回应，他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语，故用v.­ing形式，即by doing sth.通过做某事。故填noting。
典例3
(2019 · 全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)When we got a call ______68______(say)she was short­listed，we thought it was a joke.
[分析]　考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：当我们接到一个说她入围了的电话时，我们认为这是个玩笑。设空处作a call的后置定语。名词call与动词say之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词saying，相当于which said。故填saying。
典例4
(2019·浙江卷6月，语法填空)But some students didn't want ____68____ (wear)the uniform.
[分析]　考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：但是有些学生不想穿校服。want后需加不定式作宾语，故填to wear。类似的动词还有decide、refuse、offer、promise等。故填to wear。
典例5
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge)．

[分析]　此处表示我迅速低下头避免直视他的眼睛，以便他不会感到受到挑战。空处在系动词feel后作表语，主语he 与challenge构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填challenged。
[命题点3]　考查词类转换
解题攻略
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a____66____(believe) that populations are increasing.
[分析]　考查名词。这些报告使人们相信北极熊的数量正在增长。设空处作leading to的宾语，且前面有不定冠词a修饰，故用所给动词的名词形式belief。
典例2
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting______66______(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.
[分析]　考查名词。设空处作know of的宾语，结合空前的an interesting可知，此处应该用所给词的名词形式competition。
典例3
(2019·浙江卷6月，语法填空)Other American studies showed no ____69____ (connect)between uniforms and school performance.
[分析]　考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明，校服和学生在学校的表现之间没有联系。no后既可以用名词的单数形式也可以用名词的复数形式。故填connection/connections。
提示词为名词


解题攻略
所给提示词是名词时，一般考查名词单数变为复数；有时考查构词法，主要是名词派生为形容词或动词，偶尔考查派生为其他词意的名词。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)They also shared with us many____67____(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.
[分析]　考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词，故用所给词的形容词形式traditional。
典例2
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____67____(cause)．

[分析]　cause 表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式causes。
典例3
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to ____68____(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.
[分析]　此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。
典例4
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)I'm a____66____(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
[分析]　由空后的who可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。故填scientist。
提示词为形容词或副词

“二步思维”破“形、副”

[命题点1]　考查形容词或副词的比较等级
解题攻略
所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级，有时还需考虑变为最高级。如若不是，则需考虑词类转换。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are____68____(high) than they actually are.
[分析]　考查比较级。这就造成了北极熊数量比它们实际数量要多的错觉。根据空后的than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式higher。
典例2
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)He screams the ____63____(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
[分析]　由空前的the 以及空后的of all可知要用最高级。故填loudest。
典例3
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Even ____66____(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
[分析]　根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。故填worse。
[命题点2]　考查词类转换
解题攻略
所给提示词是形容词时，需要考虑形容词转换为副词，有时还需要考虑转换为名词。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been____2____(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000­25,000 polar bears worldwide.
[分析]　考查副词。因为对许多区域调查得不够充分，所以很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。设空处单词修饰动词studied，故用其副词形式poorly。
典例2
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)Her years of hard work have ____63____(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
[分析]　考查副词。句意：在一位客户提名她为柴郡的年度女性之后，她多年的努力工作终于得到了认可。根据文章中的句子结构可知，设空处修饰谓语动词，作状语，需要用所给词的副词形式。故填finally。
典例3
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)A taste for meat is ____63____(actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.
[分析]　修饰作状语的介词短语behind the change，用形容词actual的副词形式actually。
典例4
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)It is ____70____ (certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
[分析]　此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun，certain的副词形式为certainly。
提示词为代词
解题攻略
所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
典例1
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find ____68____(they)alive.
[分析]　因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。
典例2
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)On my recent visit，I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by ____68____(it)mother.
[分析]　mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。

二、“无提示词类”考点例析对应学生用书P11

“二步”填准无提示词

填代词
解题攻略
无提示词的考查中，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词，不定代词以及it的用法。
典例1
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Running is cheap，easy and it's always energetic.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give ____70____ a try.
[分析]　give it a try 为固定搭配，表示“试一试”。根据语境可知 ，此处it指代running，故填it，也可填running。
典例2
(2018·浙江卷6月，语法填空)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap____63____ can be to eat out.
[分析]　根据语境可知，很多来到中国的西方人，一旦他们意识到出去吃是多么便宜，他们在中国做饭的次数就要比在他们国家少得多。it在句中作形式主语，替代动词不定式短语to eat out，故填it。
填介词
解题攻略
如果名词或代词在句中不作主语，表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Modern methods____63______tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s.
[分析]　考查介词。现代化的跟踪调查北极熊数量的方法在20世纪80年代中期就开始被采用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。故填of/for。
典例2
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack____63____dogs，seven to be exact.
[分析]　考查介词。首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声。a pack of dogs一群狗。故填of。
典例3
(2019·浙江卷6月，语法填空)But can uniforms help improve school standards？The answer ____66____ this question is not clear.
[分析]　考查介词。名词answer与介词to连用，意为：……的答案：。类似的名词还有key、entrance、reply。故填to。
典例4
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ____65____ walking，cycling or swimming.
[分析]　根据句中的比较级more effective 可知，这里是把running与walking，cycling，swimming进行比较，故填than。
典例5
(2018·浙江卷6月，语法填空)If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home ____65____ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.
[分析]　根据语境可知，此处应用介词for表示“目的”。
典例6
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____62____ work.
[分析]　travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填from。
填冠词
解题攻略
当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)Of____69____nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[分析]　考查冠词。句意：在被认出来的19个北极熊亚群中，有3个数量降低，有6个是稳定的，1个在增加，还有9个缺少足够的数据。设空处在本句中表示特指，故填冠词the。
典例2
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)When we got a call saying she was short­listed，we thought it was ____69____joke.
[分析]　考查冠词。joke为可数名词，意为“玩笑”，在此处表示泛指，故填a。
典例3
(2019·浙江卷6月，语法填空)Everybody wears ____62____ same style of clothes.
[分析]　考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同样式的衣服。the same为固定短语，故填定冠词the。
典例4
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ____62____past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.
[分析]　句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。特指在过去的25年里。故填定冠词the。
典例5
(2017·浙江卷11月，语法填空)It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，it's ___56___ ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement，which means you'll just keep getting better and better.
[分析]　此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，又因为单词ongoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
典例6
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)Instead，she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ____62____model in New York.
[分析]　句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6 500英镑。此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。
填从属关联词
解题攻略
当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence____61____they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
[分析]　考查同位语从句。虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊，但是有证据表明它们在整个北极地区活动，向南甚至远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。设空处引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，该从句不缺少任何成分，所以要用that引导。
典例2
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______62______she opened with her late husband Les.
[分析]　考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the pet shop。将先行词代入定语从句后为：She opened __the_pet_shop__ with her late husband Les.由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，且指“事物”，故填which。
典例3
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)They were well trained by their masters____64____had great experience with caring for these animals.
[分析]　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词their masters。将先行词代入定语从句后为：Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.由此可知关系词在从句中作主语，所以要用关系代词who。
典例4
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)Over time，____65____ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
[分析]　根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时候”，故填as/when。
填并列联词
解题
攻略
当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)I work not because I have to，____7____because I want to.
[分析]　考查连词。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。根据句子意思可知，设空处前面的not构成“not...but...”(不是……而是……)结构。故填but。
典例2
(2020·烟台一模，语法填空)You might not like school because you don't have enough friends，____67____ maybe you don't get along with your teacher.
[分析]　因前后是两个完整的否定句。根据语境可知，此处描述的是你或许不喜欢上学的原因，表示猜测，应填选择性的连接词。故填or。

其他语境填词
解题
攻略
无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。
典例1
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)On our way to the house，it was raining____61____hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
[分析]　考查副词。此处为“so＋adv.＋that...”结构，意为：如此……以至于……，其中that引导结果状语从句。故填so。
典例2
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空)So，get an early start and try to be as productive ____65____ possible before lunch.
[分析]　考查固定搭配。as...as possible为固定搭配，意为“尽可能……”。故填as。
典例3
(全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours ____62____，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with its choking smog.
[分析]　考查逻辑关系。根据句意和“I'd been at home”的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前，我待在香港的家里。”“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前，故填before/earlier。

[小题夯基练]
单句语法填空
1．Since 2011，the country __61__(grow) more corn than rice.
解析：has grown　[句中缺少谓语部分，故空格处作谓语。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，此处要用现在完成时，且主语为the country，故填has grown。]
2．(2020·郑州市质检二)Traffic，together with factory fumes，__67__ (be) a big problem.
解析：is　[考查主谓一致。句中的主语是Traffic，为不可数名词，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填is。]
3．You don't have to run fast or for long __62__ (see) the benefit.
解析：to see　[考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语部分don't have to run，所以空格处应为非谓语动词。由语境可知空处作目的状语，故填to see。]
4．(2020·南昌市联考)I saw some older people __64__ (practise) tai chi slowly.I stopped and watched their movements closely.
解析：practising　[考查非谓语动词。“我”看见一些老年人正慢慢地练太极。本句含有“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾语some older people与practise 是主动关系，且根据后面的“I stopped and watched their movements closely.”可知，宾补动作正在发生，故用practise的现在分词形式。]
5．(2020·宜昌葛洲坝中学月考)Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years，but __62__ (express) from them have entered various languages.
解析：expressions　[考查名词单复数。句意：不仅这些寓言本身存在了近1 500年，而且里面的一些词语已经被收录到各种语言中了。设空处表示“词语”之意，在句中作主语，需用名词形式；根据设空处后的have entered 可推知设空处需用名词复数形式，故填expressions。]
6．(2020·徐州一中检测)________(happy) for him，his stepmother was kind to him.
解析：Happily　[考查形容词、副词变形。句意：使他高兴的是，他的继母对他很好。空格处位于句首作状语修饰后面整个句子，故用副词形式；根据提示词可推知用happily且其首字母要大写。]
7．(2020·榆林二中一模)Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the __62__(late) medical development.
解析：latest　[考查形容词。 句意：医生用它来了解更多不熟悉的疾病和最新的医学发展。设空处作定语，修饰medical development，意为“最新的”，故填形容词latest。]
8．(2019·郑州一中测试六)Four boys were taking __66__ walk in the woods near Montignac.
解析：a　[考查冠词。句意：四个男孩儿正在蒙提涅克附近的树林里散步。take a walk 为固定短语，意为“行走，散步”。]
9．(2019·郑州一中测试六)Most caves are formed __62__ nature under the ground，but some have entrances people can find.
解析：by　[考查介词。句意：大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的，但有些洞窟的入口人们可以发现。by nature为固定搭配，意为“天然地”，故填介词by。]
10．(2019·郑州市质检一)To me，the debating community is a great place __68__ people help each other.
解析：where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词为place，故用where。]
11．(2019·滨州市统考)__66__ it's difficult to master the language，he considers it important for his future career.
解析：While/Though/Although　[考查从属连词。句意：虽然掌握这门语言是困难的，但他认为这对他的职业发展来说是重要的。“__66__ it's difficult to master the language”为让步状语从句，设空处表示“虽然”，故填While/Though/Although。]
12．(2019·广州市质检一)__66__ he witnessed in China aroused much interest among his countrymen.
解析：What　[考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，也在从句中作及物动词witnessed的宾语，故用What引导该主语从句。]
13．(2020·黄冈元月调研)What all of you really wanted was coffee，not the cup，__63__ you went for the best cups and then began looking at each other's cups.
解析：but/yet　[考查并列连词。句意：你们大家真正想要的是咖啡而不是杯子，但是你们都去拿了最好的杯子然后开始看彼此的杯子。前后两个分句为转折关系，故填并列连词but/yet。]
14．(2019·衡水中学调考)In general，third­culture kids benefit from __61__ (they) inter­cultural experiences and they often reach excellent academic results.
解析：their　[考查代词。句意：一般而言，“第三文化的孩子们”受益于他们对不同文化的体验，并且他们的学习成绩往往会非常优秀。设空处作inter­cultural experiences的定语，故填形容词性物主代词their。]
15．(2019·江西名校质检)Eighteen years later，we're still here and doing __69__ (well) than ever.
解析：better　[考查比较级。句意：18年以后我们还在这里，并且比以往做得更好。根据than ever 可知设空处填副词比较级；根据提示词well可知答案为better。]
[大题提能练]
Ⅰ.语法填空——有提示词专练(用括号内单词的正确形式填空)
She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh­faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas 1.________ (be) looking forward to the challenge of 2.________(she) new A­level course.But unlike her school friends,16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term 3.________ (rest)．Instead，she is earning ￡6,500 a day as a model in New York.
Sarah 4.________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel,5.________ (earn) a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her 6.________ (give) up school to model full­time.But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants 7.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as 8.________ (beautiful)．She is determined 9.________(carry) on with her 10.________ (educate)．
She has turned down several 11.________ (invite) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before 12.________ (go) to university to get a degree in 13.________ (engineer) or architecture.
Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school 14.________ (come) first.I don't want to get too 15.________ (absorb) in modeling.It is 16.________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little 17.________ (real)．I don't want to have nothing else 18.________ (fall) back on when I can't model any more.”
[语篇解读]　 文章介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉，她不仅学习成绩好、长得漂亮，而且是一个收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业，但是她以学业为重，坚持学业和工作两不误。
1．解析：is　[考查时态和主谓一致。提示词为be，句子缺少谓语动词，主语为Sarah Thomas，根据上下文(looks；is not...)的时态可知，此处应该用一般现在时，故填is。]
2．解析：her　[考查代词。提示词为代词，在句中作定语修饰名词course，所以用she的形容词性物主代词her。]
3．解析：resting　[考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词。spend time doing sth.是固定句式，意为“花费时间做某事”。]
4．解析：has been told/was told　[考查时态和语态。提示词为动词，句中缺少谓语动词，根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超级名模，此处可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。]
5．解析：earning　[考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，从句中已有谓语动词could be，由此可以判断，此处用非谓语动词。分析语境可知，earn的逻辑主语就是从句的主语she，在句中作结果状语，故用现在分词形式。]
6．解析：to give　[考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词wants，这里是want sb.to do sth.“想让某人做某事”，所以用动词不定式作宾补。]
7．解析：to prove　[考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词wants，want to do sth.为固定结构，意为“想做某事”，故用动词不定式作宾语。]
8．解析：beauty　[考查名词。提示词为形容词，as well as为连词，前后成分应该一致，所以该空应该和前面的brains一致，用名词形式，在这里beauty为抽象的概念，没有复数形式。 ]
9．解析：to carry　[考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，be determined to do sth.为固定结构，所以用动词不定式。]
10．解析：education　[考查名词。前面有形容词性物主代词her 修饰，故用educate的名词形式education，且education是不可数名词，故用其原形。]
11．解析：invitations　[考查名词。提示词为动词，前有several作定语修饰，故此处需要一个名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用其复数。]
12．解析：going　[考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，she 与go之间是主动关系，所以用“介词＋现在分词”形式作状语。所以用going。]
13．解析：engineering　[考查名词。提示词为动词，前面有介词in，后跟表示某个专业的名词，和后面的architecture的形式一致，所以用engineering。]
14．解析：comes　[考查动词的时态。根据at the moment(现在)可知，这个句子用一般现在时态，而且主语school是单数，故用comes。]
15．解析：absorbed　[考查形容词。提示词为动词，在系动词后用形容词形式。get/be absorbed in 为固定用法，意为“忙于……，专注于……”。]
16．解析：certainly　[考查副词。提示词为形容词，此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun。]
17．解析：unreal　[考查形容词。提示词为形容词，根据语境可知，这里表达的意思为：模特表演确实很有趣，但是这种生活方式有点不真实。所以用反义词。要注意but的用法。]
18．解析：to fall　[考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，在句中作定语修饰nothing，fall的逻辑主语就是句子的主语I，故用动词不定式to fall。]
Ⅱ.语法填空——无提示词专练(每空限一词)
In 1863 1.________ first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers 2.________ allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above 3.________they travelled to and 4.________ work.5.________ took three years to complete and was built using 6.________ interesting method.This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over 7.________ top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,8.________ all the smoke and noise.9.________，the railway quickly proved to be 10.________ great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using 11.________ every day.
Later，engineers managed to construct railways 12.________ a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，13.________ became known 14.________ the Tube.This development was only possible with the introduction of electric­powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of 15.________ most successful of these new lines，and was opened 16.________ 1900.It had white­painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular 17.________ the public.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的历程。
1．解析：the　[考查冠词。序数词用定冠词修饰。句意为：1863年，世界上第一条地铁在伦敦运营。]
2．解析：and　[考查连词。连接两个并列的谓语动词“ran”和“allowed”，用连词and。]
3．解析：as/when　[考查状语从句的连词。引导一个时间状语从句，用连词as/when。句意为：这条地铁能够让人们避免上下班在路上遇到的交通拥堵。]
4．解析：from　[考查介词。travel to and from work上下班，为固定搭配。]
5．解析：It　[考查代词。此处缺少主语，由句意可知，主语仍为the firs underground passenger railway，且位于句首，故用It。]
6．解析：an　[考查冠词。可数名词method在句中表泛指，前有发音以元音开头的interesting修饰，用不定冠词an。]
7．解析：the　[考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。]
8．解析：with　[考查介词。表伴随，意为“带有，具有”，用介词with。]
9．解析：However　[考查副词。上文说的是“有烟雾和噪音，对乘客来说一定相当不愉快”，下文说的是“这条铁路很快证明是成功的”，上下文之间是转折关系，又因为空后有逗号，且位于句首，故用副词However。]
10．解析：a　[考查冠词。抽象名词“success”在这里指的是修建这条地铁这件事，属于典型的抽象名词具体化，所以用不定冠词a。]
11．解析：it　[考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。]
12．解析：in　[考查介词。这里指的是在隧道里，所以用介词in。]
13．解析：which　[考查关系代词。代替上文指物的先行词，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。]
14．解析：as　[考查介词。be/become known as 意为“作为……而出名”。]
15．解析：the　[考查冠词。在最高级的前面用定冠词 the。]
16．解析：in　[考查介词。表示在哪一年，用介词in。]
17．解析：with　[考查介词。popular with 为固定结构，意为“深受……欢迎”。]
Ⅲ.综合语法填空
A
Wuzhen Water Town is a typical ancient town in southern China.1.________(lie) in the northern part of Tongxiang City，Zhejiang Province，it can be easily accessed through a number of expressways.On a recent business trip to Shanghai，a local friend 2.________ (invite) me to Wuzhen.
It was 9：00 am when we arrived there.With its houses made 3.________ black bricks and gray tiles(瓦)against the white walls，the small town is like a 4.________ (tradition) Chinese ink wash drawing.Wandering along the riverside，you will be 5.________ (deep) impressed by the great scenery and slow lifestyle.During lunchtime，I 6.________ (treat) to the steamed white fish，a well­known dish served at most 7.________ (restaurant) in Wuzhen.It tasted so good.But I think it is the combination of culture and food that makes it so outstanding.
After lunch，we continued our walk，enjoying the sights and learning about its history，a history 8.________ is full of good stories and unique traits (特色)．
It's really fortunate for anybody 9.________ (explore) such a beautiful place.We hope there will be 10.________ second chance to visit this wonderful town!
[语篇解读]　本文叙述了作者游览乌镇的经历。
1．解析：Lying　[考查非谓语动词。现在分词作状语，与逻辑主语it之间是主动关系。]
2．解析：invited　[考查动词的时态。时间状语是On a recent business trip，句子时态应为过去时。]
3．解析：of　[考查介词。(be) made of...“由……制成、构成”是固定搭配。]
4．解析：traditional　[考查词性转换。此处应该用形容词作定语，修饰drawing，“传统的中国水墨画”。]
5．解析：deeply　[考查词性转换。副词作状语，修饰动词impressed“留下深深的印象”。]
6．解析：was treated　[考查动词的时态和语态。treat sb.to sth.“请某人吃……”为习惯搭配；此句中I和treat之间为被动关系，时态为一般过去时。]
7．解析：restaurants　[考查名词复数。most 为复数的标志词，此处用复数泛指多数饭店。]
8．解析：that/which　[考查定语从句。先行词是history，关系代词在从句中作主语。]
9．解析：to explore　[考查不定式。不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。]
10．解析：a　[考查冠词。“a＋序数词”表示重复，意为“又一次，再一次”，不表示顺序。]
B
The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st­century Maritime Silk Road are also 1.________ (know) as the One Belt and One Road Initiative (OBOR)．It is a development strategy that focuses 2.________ the cooperation between Eurasian countries，primarily the People's Republic of China (PRC)，the land­based Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB)and the ocean­going Maritime Silk Road (MSR)．The strategy underlines China's push 3.________ (play)a larger role in global affairs with a China­centered trading network.

It 4.________(raise)by Xi Jinping in September and October 2013 for SREB and MSR respectively.It was also promoted by Premier Li Keqiang during the state visit to Asia and Europe and the most 5.________ (frequent) mentioned concept in the People's Daily in 2016.It was initially called One Belt and One Road,6.________ in mid­2016 the official English name was changed to the Belt and Road Initiative.
The future of trade in Asia could depend heavily on what becomes of China's expansive One Belt，One Road initiative,7.________ calls for massive investment in the development of trade routes in the region.An ancient Chinese saying 8.________ (go)，“A long journey can be covered only by 9.________(take) one step at a time.”Similarly，in Europe，there is also the saying that“Rome wasn't built in a day.”OBOR requires more dedicated 10.________ (effort)．It will bring true benefit to both the world and China!
[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了一带一路的相关知识。
1．解析：known　[考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作表语。]
2．解析：on　[考查介词。此处为focus on短语，意为“集中于”。]
3．解析：to play　[考查不定式。此处为动词不定式作后置定语。]
4．解析：was raised　[考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的时间状语in September and October 2013 可知此处应用一般过去时，再结合主语和谓语的关系可知应用被动语态。]
5．解析：frequently　[考查副词。此处副词修饰形容词mentioned。]
6．解析：but　[考查连词。根据前后语境可知此处表示转折。]
7．解析：which　[考查定语从句。此处which引导非限制性定语从句并在定语从句中充当主语。]
8．解析：goes　[考查动词的时态。正如古代的谚语所说，用一般现在时。]
9．解析：taking　[考查动名词。此处by为介词，后跟动词的­ing形式。]
10．解析：efforts　[考查名词复数。根据其前的more可知此处应用名词的复数形式。]
C
Alcohol is a substance that reduces the function of the brain,1.________ (weaken) thinking，reasoning and muscle coordination.All these abilities are essential to operating a vehicle 2.________ (safe)．
As alcohol levels rise in a person's system，the negative effects 3.________ the central nervous system increase，too.Alcohol 4.________ (absorb) directly through the walls of the stomach and small intestine(肠)．Then it passes into the bloodstream 5.________ it accumulates until it is broken down by the liver.Alcohol level is measured by the weight of the alcohol in a certain volume of blood.This is called Blood Alcohol Concentration，or BAC.At a BAC of 0.8 milligrams of alcohol per milliliter of blood，crash risk 6.________ (increase) greatly.Because of this risk，it's illegal in many places 7.________ (drive) with a BAC of 0.8 or higher.However，even a small amount of alcohol can affect driving ability.In fact，every year there are thousands of people 8.________ (kill) in alcohol­related crashes where drivers have 9.________ (low) alcohol levels (BACs of 0.1 to 0.7 mg/ml)．
BAC is measured with a breathalyzer，a device that measures the amount of alcohol in a driver's breath,10.________ by a blood test.
[语篇解读]　本文是说明文，介绍了酒驾的危害以及有关规定。
1．解析：weakening　[考查现在分词。现在分词作伴随状语。]
2．解析：safely　[考查词性转换。副词作状语，修饰动作operating。]
3．解析：on　[考查介词。the effects on...为习惯搭配。]
4．解析：is absorbed　[考查被动语态。alcohol 与absorb之间为被动关系。]
5．解析：where　[考查定语从句。where引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。]
6．解析：increases　[考查主谓一致。此处表示通常情况，为现在时，主语crash risk 为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。]
7．解析：to drive　[考查不定式。本句为it作形式主语，不定式是真正主语。]
8．解析：killed　[考查过去分词。过去分词作后置定语修饰people。]
9．解析：lower　[考查形容词比较级。根据后面括号里的数字可判断，此处指比规定酒精含量BAC 0.8更低的含量。]
10．解析：or　[考查连词。上下句之间为选择关系。“BAC是用体内酒精含量测定器或者验血来测定的”。]
D
A new university course is about the study of selfies 1.________ (take) on cellphones.The goal is to analyze 2.________ (it) cultural meaning and self­expression in the modern world.
The course began at the University of Southern California.And it attracted people 3.________ (huge)．It is Professor Mark Marino 4.________ teaches the course.He defended the 5.________ (important) to understand the phenomenon that boomed with the advent(流行)of smartphones.“My students are learning that selfies 6.________ (become) part of the communication process by this time，”Mark said，“and there are parts of our identity that are being read regardless of how we try to portray ourselves.So the course is very popular 7.________ some students.”
As part of the course，students have to take five self­portraits 8.________ analyze the background，their clothes，their gestures and any objects in the image.Throughout the course，they 9.________ (ask) to compare their selfies with those of other students and well­known people，like Beyonce,10.________ singer who often posts selfies on social media.
[语篇解读]　用智能手机自拍是许多人的爱好。美国的一所大学开设了一门关于自拍的课程。
1．解析：taken　[考查过去分词。take与selfies之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。]
2．解析：its　[考查代词。修饰名词应用形容词性物主代词。]
3．解析：hugely　[考查副词。修饰动词attracted应用副词形式。]
4．解析：who/that　[考查强调句。被强调的是Professor Mark Marino，故可用who或that。]
5．解析：importance　[考查名词。作defended的宾语，故应填名词形式。]
6．解析：have become　[考查时态。由by this time可知，此处应用现在完成时。]
7．解析：with　[考查介词。be popular with意为“受……的欢迎”。]
8．解析：and　[考查连词。take和analyze是并列动词，因此用并列连词and。]
9．解析：are asked　[考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，应用一般现在时；they 和ask是动宾关系，因此用被动语态。]
10．解析：the　[考查冠词。singer后有定语从句修饰，故应用定冠词。]