2020新课标高考英语二轮教师用书：专题3　完形填空



专题三　完形填空
[三年考情分析]
卷别
年份
体裁
题材
命题角度
动词
名词
形容词
副词
介词
全国卷Ⅰ
2019
记叙文
个人经历
8
7
4
1

2018
记叙文
个人经历
9
7
3
1

2017
记叙文
个人经历
10
5
4
1

全国卷Ⅱ
2019
记叙文
人物故事
9
5
3
2
1
2018
记叙文
个人经历
9
3
5
2
1
2017
记叙文
个人经历
9
8
3


全国卷Ⅲ
2019
记叙文
人物故事
11
2
5
2

2018
记叙文
人物故事
10
6
4


2017
记叙文
人物故事
9
7
4



[命题规律]
1．短文以记叙文为主，夹叙夹议文为辅。情节往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和评论。
2．以考查实词为主。动词的考查依然是首位，然后是名词、形容词和副词，虚词偶有考查。
3．联系上下文的设空约占80%，结合语篇的设空约占20%，充分体现了“注重基础，难易比例适当，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思路。
[命题趋势]
1．预计2020年高考依然以记叙文为主，选材上以贴近学生生活的话题为主，包括社会热点、学校生活、人物故事等，以传递正能量、普及社会常识为宗旨。
2．选项布局以考查实词为主，其中动词、名词居多，其次是形容词、副词，对介词等虚词的考查相对较少。
3．从三个层面考查语境理解的能力：对文章整体(文章中心主线和整体结构)的把握和理解；对上下文或句子之间关系的把握和理解；对句子结构和意义的把握和理解。
[完形填空解题四步骤]
第一步：通读全文，理解大意
重视首句信息，把握文章大意，为解题打下良好的基础。
第二步：根据语境，初选答案
解题过程中，应遵循先易后难的原则，先选出那些自己有把握的选项。对少数难题，暂时跳过；或许根据上文信息或后一两句都难以判断的题，在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示；或许一个在前面不能解答的题，在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
第三步：研读选项，解决难题
借助已经填完的选项，上下求索、瞻前顾后，集中解决遗留的少数难题。此时我们要从语篇层次进行深入分析。
第四步：复读全文，验证答案
代入选项，重读文章，最终确定答案。


A篇 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 1 with them lots of waste.The 2 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing，changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories，I'm 4 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However，I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish.I find a 7 mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9 ．
The best of a Kilimanjaro 10 ，in my opinion，isn't reaching the top.Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters， 14 lands of low growing plants.Further up，the weather 15 —low clouds envelop the mountainsides，which are covered with thick grass.I 16 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4，000 meters is the highland 17 ：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks. 18 you climb into an arctic­like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
【语篇解读】　主题：人与自然(环境保护)；话题：乞力马扎罗山。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。该语篇能激发深入思考，关注自然和生态，探索人与自然的和谐相处之道。
1．A.keep　 　B．mix　 　C．connect　 　D．bring
D　[上文语境题。根据第一句“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro...”可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring)了很多垃圾。]
2．A.stories B．buildings
C．crowds D．reporters
C　[上文语境题。联系上文中的“about 40，000 people”可知，这些人群(crowds)有可能破坏这个地方的美。]
3．A.position B．age
C．face D．name
C　[上文语境题。联系上文中的“The glaciers are disappearing”可知，冰川的消失正在改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。]
4．A.silent B．skeptical
C．serious D．crazy
B　[下文语境题。联系下文“other destinations are described as‘purer’natural experiences”可知，其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏的报道表示怀疑(skeptical)。be skeptical about对……表示怀疑。silent沉默的；serious严肃的；crazy疯狂的。]
5．A.discover B．argue
C．decide D．advocate
A　[下文语境题。联系下文的“much has changed”可知，作者发现(discover)了乞力马扎罗山的变化。argue争论；decide决定；advocate提倡。]
6．A.equipment B．grass
C．camps D．stones
C　[下文语境题。联系下文中的“with toilets at camps”可知，这里报道的是营地(camp)。]
7．A.remote B．quiet
C．tall D．clean
D　[上下文语境题。联系上文However(然而)及下文“with toilets at camps and along the paths(营地和路边都有厕所)”可推知，作者看到的是干净的(clean)山。]
8．A.new B．special
C．significant D．necessary
C　[上文语境题。上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的(significant)。new新的；special特殊的；necessary有必要的。]
9．A.paying off B．spreading out
C．blowing up D．fading away
A　[上文语境题。联系前文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效(pay off)。spread out展开；blow up爆炸；fade away逐渐消失。]
10．A.atmosphere B．experience
C．experiment D．sight
B　[下文语境题。联系下文reaching the top可知，作者认为乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体验(experience)并不是登顶。atmosphere气氛；experiment实验；sight视线。]
11．A.studied B．observed
C．explored D．regarded
D　[下文语境题。联系空后的“by many cultures”可知，山在很多文化中被看作是(regard)灵魂之地，be regarded as被看作是……。study研究；observe观察；explore探索。]
12．A.view B．quality
C．reason D．purpose
A　[上下文语境题。结合上文的“文化观”，再联系下文的“go through five ecosystems”可知，这种“经历五种生态系统”的景色(view)在乞力马扎罗山表现尤为明显。quality品质；reason原因；purpose目的。]
13．A.scientists B．climbers
C．locals D．officials
B　[上文语境题。联系上文的“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统。scientist科学家；local本地人；official官员。]
14．A.holding on to B．going back to
C．living up to D．giving way to
D　[上文语境题。联系上文的“It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters”可知，热带雨林在3 000米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。give way to意为“被……代替”，符合语境。hold on to坚持；go back to回到；live up to不辜负。]
15．A.changes B．clears
C．improves D．permits
A　[上下文语境题。上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的“low clouds envelop the mountainsides”可知，在这里气候又发生了变化(change)。clear清除；improve改善；permit允许。]
16．A.match B．imagine
C．count D．add
C　[下文语境题。联系空后的“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了(count)12种绿色。]
17．A.village B．desert
C．road D．lake
B　[下文语境题。联系冒号后的“gravel，stones and rocks”可知，4 000米以上是荒漠(desert)。]
18．A.Obviously B．Easily
C．Consequently D．Finally
D　[上下文语境题。上文介绍了从山下到山上的五个生态系统，所以这里说最后(finally)爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。obviously明显地；easily容易地；consequently因此，所以。]
19．A.permanent B．little
C．fresh D．artificial
A　[上文语境题。联系上文的“climb into an arctic­like zone”可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里是指常年积雪。permanent意为“永久的，永恒的”，符合语境。little少的；fresh新鲜的；artificial人造的。]
20．A.enjoy B．deserve
C．save D．acquire
B　[下文语境题。联系下文的“I found the opposite to be true.”可知，作者在这里进行反问：乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得(deserve)游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声吗？]
B篇 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid­March— 21 six months out of the year.
“Of course, we 22 it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office.“We see the sky is 23 ， but down in the valley it's darker—it's like on a 24 day.”
But that 25 when a system of high­tech 26 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below.Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan 27 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 28 .The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 29 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 30 and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town's central 31 ， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 32 ， Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 33 there and standing there and taking 34 of each other，” Ro says.“The town square was totally 35 ．I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3，500 residents cannot all 36 the sunshine at the same time. 37 ， the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 38 residents.
“It's not very 39 ，” she says, “but it is enough when we are 40 ．”
【语篇解读】　主题：人与自然(自然生态)；话题：运用高科技“引进”阳光。本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了挪威小城尤坎一年中接近半年无法得到阳光直射，这种情况通过运用高科技设备得以改善。该语篇旨在激发思考，引导学生关注自然生态，探索人与自然的和谐相处之道。
21．A.only　　　 B．obviously
C．nearly D．precisely
C　[上文语境题。根据空前所述(从九月底到三月中旬)可知，此处指接近(nearly)六个月的时间。only只有；obviously明显地；precisely精确地。]
22．A.fear B．believe
C．hear D．notice
D　[上下文语境题。由上文可知挪威小城尤坎接近六个月的时间没有阳光直射，再根据下文引号里的话可知，当地人在阳光照耀的时候注意(notice)到天空是蓝色的，但山谷里较暗。fear害怕；believe相信；hear听说。]
23．A.empty B．blue
C．high D．wide
B　[上文语境题。显然，该引号中的话为当地人注意到的情况——我们看到天空是蓝色的(blue)，但山谷里较暗。empty空的；high高的；wide宽的。]
24．A.cloudy B．normal
C．different D．warm
A　[上文语境题。山谷里较暗，就像阴天(a cloudy day)一样。normal正常的；different不同的；warm温暖的。]
25．A.helped B．changed
C．happened D．mattered
B　[上下文语境题。但是当一套高科技的镜子系统被引进之后，这种状况改变(change)了。help帮助；happen发生；matter重要。]
26．A.computers B．telescopes
C．mirrors D．cameras
C　[下文语境题。由下文中的“The mirrors are controlled...”可知该空填mirrors(镜子)。computer电脑；telescope望远镜；camera照相机。]
27．A.remembered B．forecasted
C．received D．imagined
C　[上下文语境题。由上下文可知，在引进高科技的镜子系统后，尤坎居民收到(receive)了冬日阳光的第一束光。remember记住；forecast预报；imagine想象。]
28．A.repair B．risk
C．rest D．use
D　[上文语境题。由该句前的冒号可知，此句介绍尤坎居民是如何得到光源的——附近山坡上的一排反射板投入使用。put to use“投入使用”，符合语境。repair修理；risk冒险；rest休息。]
29．A.forbids B．directs
C．predicts D．follows
B　[上下文语境题。这些镜子是由电脑控制的，电脑可以让它们在白天随着太阳转动，在有风的天气里关闭。direct“管理，指挥”，符合语境。forbid禁止；predict预测；follow跟随。]
30．A.day B．night
C．month D．year
A　[上下文语境题。因为是要反射光源，肯定是在白天时间。throughout the day“整个白天”，符合语境。]
31．A.library B．hall
C．square D．street
C　[下文语境题。由下一段中的“The town square was totally...”可知，此空填square。library图书馆；hall大厅；street街道。]
32．A.appeared B．returned
C．faded D．stopped
A　[上文语境题。当光出现(appear)的时候，尤坎居民就聚集到一起。return返回；fade消失；stop停止。]
33．A.driving B．hiding
C．camping D．sitting
D　[下文语境题。与空后的standing对应的是sitting，指人们或坐或站，故选D项。drive驾驶；hide躲藏；camp露营。]
34．A.pictures B．notes
C．care D．hold
A　[上下文语境题。人们或坐或站，互相拍照。take pictures of“给……拍照”，符合语境。take notes of记笔记；take care of照顾；take hold of握住。]
35．A.new B．full
C．flat D．silent
B　[下文语境题。由空后的“我觉得几乎镇上所有人都在那里了”可知城镇广场完全满了(full)。new新的；flat平淡的，单调的；silent沉默的。]
36．A.block B．avoid
C．enjoy D．store
C　[上下文语境题。3 500个居民不能同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block挡住，堵住；avoid避免；store储存。]
37．A.Instead B．However
C．Gradually D．Similarly
B　[语义逻辑题。空前提到居民不能同时享受阳光，空后说，新光线对小镇居民而言感觉绰绰有余，由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故填however(然而)。instead反而，相反；gradually逐渐地；similarly相似地。]
38．A.nature­loving B．energy­saving
C．weather­beaten D．sun­starved
D　[上文语境题。尤坎小镇原本每年有接近六个月的时间不见阳光，所以说他们是渴望阳光的(sun­starved)居民。nature­loving热爱自然的；energy­saving节约能源的；weather­beaten饱经风霜的。]
39．A.big B．clear
C．cold D．easy
A　[上下文语境题。由上文Ro的叙述以及more than enough等字眼可知，对于渴望阳光的尤坎居民而言，新光线让他们心满意足。故此处语境为“它不是很大(big)，但当我们分享(share)的时候就足够了”。]
40．A.trying B．waiting
C．watching D．sharing
D　[上文语境题。当我们分享(share)的时候就足够了。try尝试；wait等待；watch观看。]
C篇 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
Two weeks earlier，my son，Ben，had got in touch.He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41 seen him.So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
I was 43 ！I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 ．The bay was 45 in sunshine，and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.Getting a little 46 ，I realized one kayak (皮划艇)was in 47 ．“Something's not 48 ！”I took off my T­shirt and 49 into the water.I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.He was 50 violently.Linking arms with one of the instructors，I helped 51 the young man out of the water.He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something 52 to me.Those brown eyes were very 53 ．“What's his name？”I asked the instructor.“Ben，”he replied，and immediately I 54 ．That stranger was my son!
The instructors called for an ambulance. 55 ，after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner.We chatted about everything and then Ben 57 to me.“I just want to say thank you，”he said.“You 58 my life！”
I still can't believe what a 59 it was.I'm just so glad I was there 60 to help my son.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲碰巧营救了自己的儿子的故事。
41．A.also B．often
C．even D．last
D　[自从作者“上次(last)”见到他的儿子已经过去13年了。]
42．A.delight B．relief
C．anger D．worry
A　[父子多年没联系，也没见面。得知儿子要来看望他，作者自然是“高兴(delight)”极了。]
43．A.scared B．shocked
C．thrilled D．ashamed
C　[根据语境可知，多年没有见面的儿子要来看望自己，作者自然是感到“激动的(thrilled)”。]
44．A.talk B．stay
C．meet D．settle
C　[作者迫不及待地想见到自己的儿子，所以他早早地到达与儿子“会面(meet)”的地方。]
45．A.bathed B．clean
C．deep D．formed
A　[海湾“沐浴(bathed)”在阳光下。]
46．A.faster B．closer
C．heavier D．wiser
B　[根据常识，“更靠近(closer)”点才能发现皮划艇出了问题。]
47．A.trouble B．advance
C．question D．battle
A　[从下文作者救人的描述可知，走近一点，作者发现一只皮划艇遇到了“麻烦(trouble)”。]
48．A.real B．right
C．fair D．fit
B　[根据下文的描述可知选B。本句跟前一句说的是一回事。something's not right意为“某事不对劲”。]
49．A.stared B．sank
C．dived D．fell
C　[从下文内容可知，作者要去水中救人，自然要“跳入(dived)”水中。]
50．A.arguing B．fighting
C．shouting D．shaking
D　[他在水中猛烈地摇摆(shake)，以求别人把他拉上去。]
51．A.lead B．persuade
C．carry D．keep
C　[这时，作者帮忙把那个年轻人从水里“抬(carry)”了出来。]
52．A.happened B．occurred
C．applied D．appealed
B　[他昏迷了，当作者看着他的脸时，突然想到了一些事情。something occurs to sb.是固定搭配，意为“某人突然想起某事”。]
53．A.sharp B．pleasant
C．attractive D．familiar
D　[从下文可知，作者救出来的是自己的儿子，父亲对自己的儿子的一些情况应该是“熟悉的(familiar)”。]
54．A.agreed B．hesitated
C．doubted D．knew
D　[当教练说出这个年轻人的名字时，作者马上就“知道(know)”了一切，原来那个被救的年轻人就是他的儿子。]
55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
A　[康复得很快，当然是一件幸运的事，故此处表示“幸运地(Fortunately)”。]
56．A.return B．relax
C．speak D．leave
D　[经过短暂的住院治疗后，Ben已经可以“离开(leave)”医院了。]
57．A.joked B．turned
C．listened D．pointed
B　[Ben转过(turn)头来对作者说感谢的话。]
58．A.created B．honored
C．saved D．guided
C　[从上文的描述可知，作者“救(save)”了Ben的命。]
59．A.coincidence B．change
C．pity D．pain
A　[作者下水救人，救出来的竟然是自己的儿子，真是“巧合(coincidence)”。]
60．A.on board B．in time
C．for sure D．on purpose
B　[作者真的很高兴能“及时(in time)”帮助自己的儿子。]

技法一　利用上下文暗示解题
[解题技法分述]
在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。
[经典案例分析]
　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 51 number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 52 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53 their dog.
Jeff had 54 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched 55.in vain for Rosie in the next four days.
50．A．predicted B．advertised C．believed D．recorded
51．A．house B．phone C．street D．car
52．A．called B．copied C．counted D．remembered
53．A．fed B．adopted C．found D．cured
54．A．hunted B．skied C．lived D．worked
[思维路径]　可以通过下文的关键词the local paper和the ad的暗示来选定50至53题。狗的主人应是在当地报纸做了广告，故50题选 B 。寻狗启事上应留有电话号码，故51题选 B 。Ehlers 给狗的主人打电话说已经找到了他们的狗，故52题选 A ；53题选 C 。后一段中，下文的the gun shots给出了暗示，据此判定他们在打猎，故54题选 A 。
　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 41.jumped at the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesn't want to 42 a few dollars？More than that，I'd always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I weren't 43 enough about free credits，news about our 44.instructor was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 45.meant I would be learning from one of the game's 46 ．I could hardly wait to 47.meet him.
42．A．waste B．earn C．save D．pay
43．A．excited B．worried C．moved D．tired
46．A．fastest B．easiest C．best D．rarest
[思维路径]　根据上文中的a“free”course可知课程是免费的，我欣然接受，毕竟谁不想节省几美元呢？故42题选 C 。下文44题空白后面的appealing暗示，即使我对自由学分不感兴趣，可是关于这门课程教师的消息对我却有足够的吸引力，故43空选 A 。根据45题空白前的an international grandmaster可知他是一位国际大师，这意味着我将师从最佳国际象棋选手之一，故46题选 C 。
技法二　利用词汇复现解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。完形填空的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，据此可快速找出正确答案。
[经典案例分析]
　(2019·北京高考)Tina Stern 17.received rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18 . “It's not just a ride; you're not just sitting there in 19.awkward silence or with your headphones on，” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually 20.remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll 21.check on those things.”
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student­support programme of the non­profit organisation, On Point for College. Although the 22 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes 23.beyond to ensure the welfare and safety of the students.
18．A．transportation B．style
C．time D．communication
22．A．club B．league
C．college D．programme
[思维路径]　我们可以发现，18题空白所填的词与17题空白后面的rides以及18题空白后面的ride和18题选项中的transportation属于词汇复现，故选 A 。22题前面a student­support programme与22题选项中的programme也是词汇复现，题意为“此项目(programme)要求成员只是提供搭载服务”，故22题选 D 。
　(2018·天津高考)I learned this lesson from a(n) 17.experience many years ago.I took the head 18 job at a school in Baxley，Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the 19 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach，and they didn't even practice to 20.prepare for the game.Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated.
18．A．operating B．editing
C．consulting D．coaching
19．A．successful B．excellent
C．strong D．new
[思维路径]　根据文章的最后一句话中的Being the coach of the new team可知，我担任新队的教练，从事主教练工作，18题选项中的coaching与后文中的coach属于词汇复现，故18题选 D 。根据19题空白前的old可知，老队和新队进行一场比赛是一种传统，根据old的反义词复现可锁定19题选 D ，后面old和new的再次复现更加印证了答案。
技法三　利用习惯搭配解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。
[经典案例分析]
　(2019·北京高考)For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely 26.necessary for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to 27 vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has 28 them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the 29.experience. “I just love driving，and I love these kids，” Wilson said. “It's such a(n) 30.privilege to be a part of these kids' lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.”
27．A．share B．fuel
C．repair D．exchange
28．A．required B．allowed
C．reminded D．convinced
[思维路径]　有些学生没有可靠的汽车，而有些学生不得不与父母共用一辆车，此处share ... with ...为习惯搭配，意为“与……共用……”，故27题选 A 。对于学生们而言，搭乘老人的车能够让他们完成学业，allow sb. to do sth.是习惯搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”，故28题选 B 。
　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 48.job was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 49 that our credits would be hard­earned.In order to 50.pass the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and，52.eventually，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 53.course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom．
49．A．real B．perfect
C．clear D．possible
51．A．add B．expose
C．apply D．compare
[思维路径]　“在他的介绍中，他明确表示这些学分不容易得到。”make ...clear意为“把……说清楚”，是习惯搭配，故49题选 C 。“为了通过这门课，我们必须写一篇论文，讲述我们如何计划将在课堂里所学的知识应用于未来的职业中。”apply ...to ...意为“将……应用于……之中”，也是习惯搭配，故51题选 C 。
技法四　利用逻辑关系解题
[解题技法分述]
文章的段与段、句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系，如：并列关系，转折关系，选择关系，递进关系，因果关系，目的关系，解释关系等。完形填空经常会考查考生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。因此，理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。
[经典案例分析]
　(2018·北京高考)Mr.Anderson said: “I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26.when he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and 27 he didn't take the wallet for himself; he thought about others 28 ．It's unbelievable.It just proves there are 29.honest guys out there.”
27．A．rather B．yet
C．already D．just
28．A．too B．though
C．again D．instead
[思维路径]　27和28空所在的句子说，这个人一无所有，但是他没有拿走钱包，他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。27题空白前后的语义为转折关系，and yet相当于but，故27题选 B 。28题空白前的句意与前文是选择关系，instead意为“而是”，故28题选 D 。
　(2017·浙江高考)The books are in every language—new books，ancient books， 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a 42.safe place，but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands.
40．A．then B．still
C．even D．rather
41．A．permission B．confirmation
C．explanation D．information
[思维路径]　40题空白前后的句子在语义上是递进关系，“有新书、古书，甚至还有700年前有关伊拉克历史的书籍”，故40题选 C 。42题空白后有but，与前文在语义上是转折关系，根据“但是他们拒绝了”可知，她请求过政府的允许，故41题选 A 。
技法五　利用情景排除解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“暗示”的，这时就要求学生对空白前后的情景进行合理想象，然后用排除法确定正确选项，因为四个选项中必有一正确选项。
[经典案例分析]
　(2019·天津高考)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some 16 station.
The 17 moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 18.contents of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver's license, the cash, all lost to the bus.
16．A．accessible B．hidden
C．unknown D．convenient
17．A．face­saving B．brain­washing
C．eye­catching D．heart­stopping
[思维路径]　16题在文中找不到伏笔或暗示，但根据情景可知，公交车正在夜幕中快速行驶，正驶向某个未知的车站，这样就可排除A、B、D三个选项，故16题选 C 。通过情景可推知，当作者发现钱包丢失时非常害怕，复合形容词heart­stopping意为“令人非常害怕的”，排除A、B、C三个选项，故17题选 D 。
　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Through the years，I'd run into former students who would provide 51 on old classmates.I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his52.graduation from high school and remained the same53.caring person I met forty years before.Once，while working overnight at a store，he let a homeless man54.sleep in his truck.Another time，he 55 a friend money to buy a house.
51．A．assessments B．comments
C．instructions D．updates
55．A．paid B．charged
C．lent D．owed
[思维路径]　51题在文中找不到伏笔或暗示，但根据前后的情景可知，作者这些年不时地会碰到以前的学生，他们会给他提供些老学生们的“新信息(updates)”，这样就可排除A、B、C三个选项，故51题选 D 。根据55题空白后的“朋友买房”，可判定他借给了朋友一些钱，故55题选 C 。

(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say “sorry， 41 number！”and move on.But when Dennis Williams 42 a text that clearly wasn't intended for him，he did something 43 .
On March 19，Dennis got a group text 44 him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital，waiting for the 45 of a baby.
“Congratulations！But I think someone was mistaken，”Dennis 46 ．The baby was born and update texts were 47 quickly from the overjoyed grandmother，Teresa.In her 48 ，she didn't seem to realize that she was 49 the baby's photos with a complete stranger.“Well，I don't 50 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，”replied Dennis before asking which room the new 51 were in.
Much to the family's surprise，Dennis stuck to his 52 ！He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindsey's husband was totally 54 by the unexpected visit.“I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55 it and the gifts.”
Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words：“What a 58 this young man was to our family！He was so 59 and kind to do this.”The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61，500 likes in just three days.
41．A．unlucky B．secret C．new D．wrong
42．A．received B．translated C．copied D．printed
43．A．reasonable B．special C．necessary D．practical
44．A．convincing B．reminding C．informing D．warning
45．A．wake­up B．recovery C．growth D．arrival
46．A．responded B．interrupted C．predicted D．repeated
47．A．coming in B．setting out
C．passing down D．moving around
48．A．opinion B．anxiety C．excitement D．effort
49．A．comparing B．exchanging C．discussing D．sharing
50．A．accept B．know C．believe D．bother
51．A．parents B．doctors C．patients D．visitors
52．A．dream B．promise C．agenda D．principle
53．A．bearing B．collecting C．opening D．making
54．A．discouraged B．relaxed C．astonished D．defeated
55．A．admit B．need C．appreciate D．expect
56．A．found B．selected C．developed D．posted
57．A．confirmed B．simplified
C．clarified D．accompanied
58．A．pity B．blessing C．relief D．problem
59．A．smart B．calm C．sweet D．fair
60．A．sympathy B．attention C．control D．trust
41.D　词汇复现。　根据“an unknown person”和“sorry”可知，此处应是“wrong number”，unknown与wrong属同一范畴。
42．A　词汇复现。　由第二段中的“got a group text”可知，此处所填词的词义与“got”相同，故选received，意为“收到”。
43．B　逻辑关系。　根据句中表转折关系的“But”及下文内容可知，Dennis所做的事有别于常人，故选special“不寻常的”。
44．C　情景排除。　根据语境可知，手机短信告诉(inform)他一对夫妇正在医院等待孩子的出生。
45．D　词汇复现。　根据第三段中的“The baby was born and...”可知，此处填入的词在语义上应与“born”一致，故选arrival。
46．A　情景排除。　“Congratulations！But I think someone was mistaken”是Dennis回复的短信内容，故选responded“回复”。
47．A　情景排除。　根据语境可知，Dennis又收到了更新的短信(update texts)，此处表示短信又“进入”了手机，故选coming in。
48．C　词汇复现。　根据“the overjoyed grandmother”可知，此处应填入excitement，与“overjoyed(欣喜若狂的)”是同义词复现。
49．D　习惯搭配。　根据语境可知，Teresa似乎没意识到她正与陌生人分享(share)婴儿的照片。share sth. with sb.是习惯搭配。
50．B　逻辑关系。　根据上下文语境可知，“虽然我不认识(know)你们，但我会来医院和小婴儿拍合影。”上下文之间是转折关系。
51．A　情景排除。　由上下文语境可知，Dennis没有询问初为人父母的两个人在哪个房间，故选parents。
52．B　上下文暗示、习惯搭配。　由“I will get there to take pictures with the baby”和“He turned up at the hospital”可知，Dennis信守了承诺(promise)。
53．A　情景排除。　上下文情景是他带着(bear)礼物去看了新手妈妈Lindsey和她的宝宝。
54．C　情景排除。　Lindsey的丈夫对Dennis突如其来的到访感到震惊(astonished)。
55．C　逻辑关系。　Dennis的到访虽然出乎意料，但他们还是非常感激(appreciate)他的。but连接的前、后句存在转折关系。
56．D　上下文暗示。　根据下文中的“The post has since gained...”可知，Teresa在社交网站上张贴(post)了一张照片。
57．D　上下文暗示。　Teresa在张贴照片的同时，还附(accompany)了感人的话语。accompanied by...words附有……文字的。
58．B　上下文暗示。　由前文的touching和后文的kind可知，年轻人的到来对我们家来说是一种祝福(blessing)。
59．C　词汇复现。　根据语境可知，此处填入的词应与其后的“kind”在语义范畴上保持一致，故选sweet(善良的，好心的)。
60．B　上下文暗示。　由“receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61，500 likes in just three days”可知，帖子引起了社交媒体用户的关注(attention)。


A篇
My mom is an awesome human being just like all other moms.She knowingly and unknowingly 1 me a whole lot of things about the world.The 2 which I'm going to share today determined the way I 3 everybody.
I was four years old.One fine afternoon，my mom and I were 4 outdoors，she reading and I watching a line of 5 ．I was never a naughty(顽皮的) kid， 6 I was known for keeping quiet even when things were not going my way.So I don't 7 why I did this but I disrupted(打乱) the line of ants and I liked it when they looked so 8 ．.. I even went ahead and stepped on a couple of them！My mom saw this and she wasn't 9 with me but she said 10 I still live by today.She said，“You should never be mean to anybody however 11 they are.Everybody is different and we shouldn't treat them 12 ．”
I got upset when I heard this because I thought I had 13 my mom.Also my little heart started 14 the family of ants I had killed！It's been 25 years now and I've 15 so many things that have happened in my life but I still do my best to be 16 to everybody.
We should teach our younger generation to never be mean to anybody.It makes a 17 when people praise other people for their efforts and when 18 being envious，we're proud of people achieving their goals however little they may be.When you're kind to other people，it's a 19 that goes on.It's the kind of chain reaction that uplifts(使振奋) the whole world one 20 at a time.I believe in the magic of kindness!
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。母亲在作者儿时的教导影响了作者的一生。教育孩子与人为善意义重大。
1．A．sent　　 B．left
C．promised D．taught
【答案】　D
2．A．accident B．news
C．incident D．interview
【答案】　C
3．A．question B．treat
C．pay D．study
B　[根据下文内容可知，母亲有意或无意地“教(teach)”了作者很多东西。作者要分享的这个“事件(incident)”决定了作者“对待(treat)”别人的方式。]
4．A．staying B．chatting
C．sleeping D．wandering
A　[根据she reading and watching可知，作者和母亲“待(stay)”在户外。]
5．A．ants B．soldiers
C．kids D．cars
A　[根据下文的the line of ants可知，作者正在观察一队“蚂蚁(ant)”。]
6．A．in case B．in fact
C．above all D．at first
B　[“当事情不如愿时也能保持安静”是对“我从来不是个顽皮的孩子”的进一步说明，故选in fact(事实上)。]
7．A．explain B．wonder
C．remember D．guess
【答案】　C
8．A．troubled B．excited
C．ugly D．clever
A　[根据上句可知，作者不“记得(remember)”自己为什么要打乱蚂蚁的队伍，并喜欢它们“混乱的(troubled)”样子。]
9．A．patient B．angry
C．honest D．familiar
【答案】　B
10．A．anything B．everything
C．nothing D．something
D　[根据but以及下文母亲说的话可知，母亲并没有“生气(angry)”，她只是说了一些我时至今日还在践行的东西，故选something。]
11．A．rare B．wrong
C．little D．heavy
【答案】　C
12．A．seriously B．unfairly
C．directly D．hopelessly
B　[蚂蚁是幼小和微不足道的，此处是母亲由蚂蚁推及人，告诉作者无论他人多么“弱小(little)”也不能对其刻薄。每个人都是不同的，我们不应该“不公正地(unfairly)”对待别人。]
13．A．disappointed B．convinced
C．missed D．frightened
A　[根据I got upset可知，作者觉得自己让母亲“失望了(disappointed)”。]
14．A．believing in B．searching for
C．laughing at D．thinking about
D　[听了母亲的话，作者也开始“回想(think about)”被自己杀死的蚂蚁。]
15．A．accepted B．repeated
C．forgotten D．discovered
C　[根据It's been 25 years now可知，许多发生在自己生命中的事作者已经“忘记了(forget)”。]
16．A．similar B．cool
C．suitable D．kind
D　[不对别人刻薄即是对别人“友善(kind)”。]
17．A．decision B．difference
C．deal D．living
【答案】　B
18．A．instead of B．except for
C．along with D．because of
A　[人们赞扬别人的努力，为别人实现目标骄傲。“而不是(instead of)”嫉妒他们很“重要(make a difference)”。]
19．A．debate B．process
C．match D．circle
【答案】　D
20．A．arm B．face
C．heart D．head
C　[友善是一个“循环(circle)”，是一种连锁反应。它会振奋整个世界，以每次一颗“心(heart)”的节奏。此处用heart指代人。]
B篇
Before becoming an award­winning inventor，James Edward Maceo West's journey started simply with curiosity.Small devices(装置) at home were often 21 because West wanted to learn about their inner workings.With simple 22 ，he would take them apart.
Today，the 23 of the 87­year­old inventor remains as active as ever.But instead of 24 things，he is devoted to fixing them and 25 technology that makes human life better.
West got his 26 at Bell Laboratories.There he and Gerhard M．Sessler created and patented the foil­electret microphone(薄膜驻极体传声器) in 1962，which is now in 90 percent of devices that 27 microphones，including a majority of smartphones and telephones.When he and Sessler created the electret microphone，it was 28 that the partners would quit their jobs and 29 a business producing microphones，but West wasn't 30 ．“I wanted to keep doing what I was doing.I've never done anything for money.”
West went on in 2001 to 31 a professor at Hopkins，where he leads research and assists students and other scientists in major 32 ，including an instrument that will help detect a diseased lung within 10 seconds.The device will be especially 33 in poor countries，where finding a doctor can be difficult and 34 diseases are more common.
Moreover, 35 people have long been a focus for West，who serves for the Ingenuity Project，a nonprofit that 36 courses and real­world research opportunities in labs for local middle and high school students.He also 37 with Camp Invention，a summer program for children in kindergarten through sixth grade.
At 87，West is 38 looking to show himself up.The electret microphone，which is 39 by millions of people daily，“raises a challenge” for the inventor.
“ 40 ，I want to put it out of business.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位一生热爱发明、关注青少年成长的发明家的故事。
21．A．for sale　　 B．in place
C．on display D．in danger
【答案】　D
22．A．rules B．tools
C．words D．causes
B　[由he would take them apart可知，家里的小装置经常“处于危险中(in danger)”。为了了解它们的内部运转情况，他会用简单的“工具(tools)”把它们拆开。]
23．A．curiosity B．lifestyle
C．imagination D．participation
A　[由文章首句及today, as active as ever可知，这位87岁的发明家的“好奇心(curiosity)”仍然和以前一样活跃。]
24．A．making B．saying
C．breaking D．thinking
C　[由上段内容及本句中的fixing可知，他不再“损坏(break)”东西，而是致力于修理它们。]
25．A．inventing B．enjoying
C．analyzing D．teaching
A　[由inventor可知，他致力于“发明(invent)”让人们生活得更好的技术。]
26．A．role B．start
C．money D．degree
B　[由下文内容可知，West的发明是从贝尔实验室开始的，故选start。]
27．A．limit B．benefit
C．beat D．have
D　[由including a majority of smartphones and telephones可知，这个装置现在被用在90%的“有(have)”传声器的设备中。]
28．A．promised B．proved
C．assumed D．admitted
【答案】　C
29．A．create B．change
C．discuss D．leave
【答案】　A
30．A．talented B．interested
C．annoyed D．worried
B　[由created the electret microphone及引号中的内容可知，人们“认为(assumed)”这对搭档会辞去他们的工作并“创建(create)”一家生产传声器的公司，但是West对此没“兴趣(interest)”。]
31．A．criticise B．contact
C．become D．persuade
C　[由leads research and assists students可知，West在2001年“成为(become)”约翰·霍普金斯大学的一名教授。]
32．A．media B．projects
C．problems D．decisions
B　[由including an instrument that will help detect a diseased lung可知，West协助学生和其他科学家做主要的“科研项目(project)”。]
33．A．helpful B．expensive
C．complex D．safe
A　[由finding a doctor can be difficult可知，这种设备对贫穷的国家尤其“有用(helpful)”。]
34．A．blood B．heart
C．skin D．lung
D　[由上文的detect a diseased lung可知，此处指“肺(lung)”病在贫穷的国家更普遍。]
35．A．successful B．sick
C．young D．old
C　[由下文中的middle and high school students和children in kindergarten through sixth grade可知，West一直以来都很关注“年纪小的(young)”人们。]
36．A．requires B．describes
C．advertises D．offers
D　[由Project, a nonprofit可知，这个非营利性机构给当地中学生“提供(offer)”课程和研究机会。]
37．A．argues B．assists
C．begins D．agrees
B　[由have long been a focus可知，他也“协助(assist)”“发明夏令营”。]
38．A．still B．seldom
C．ever D．just
A　[由raises a challenge可知，87岁的West“仍然(still)”期待展示自己。]
39．A．measured B．followed
C．produced D．used
D　[由上文中的which is now in 90 percent of devices that...microphones可知，驻极体传声器每天都会被无数人“使用(use)”。]
40．A．Strangely B．Coincidentally
C．Honestly D．Frequently
C　[由上文中的I've never done anything for money可知，此处West的话意为“说实在的(Honestly)，我不想用它来获利。”]
C篇
Before becoming a parent，I was judgmental of stay­at­home mothers who made claims of not being able to shower，plan dinner or keep their house clean.Then I 41 a mother，and I began to understand.
After having my first child，I was the mother who 42 to shower and did not have time to clean my house.I have since added two more 43 ．To accomplish desired tasks in our home was very 44 with our busy schedules.Many days I would 45 after my kids went to bed and would try to 46 what I had completed.The dishwasher was unloaded，but dishes 47 remained in the sink.The kid's rooms may have been 48 ，but toys were all over the house.I became increasingly frustrated(受挫的) at feeling 49 ．
In one of my least productive moments，I 50 a speech where a man encouraged everyone to start their day by 51 one simple task：making the bed.His 52 was that if you accomplish making your bed，although 53 ，the feeling of productivity can snowball into more productivity.
I decided to 54 his method，even though my days were full of other tasks that were more important than a 55 bed.He was perfectly 56 ，as making the bed was a way to get into a positive mindset(心态)．
Recently，my two­year­old child got me into a 57 ．Lunch time rolled around and the feeling of being unproductive began to 58 ．Even though it was the middle of the 59 ，I decided to make our beds.Soon，my mindset changed and my 60 improved.
So，complete one small task and allow the feeling of productivity to snowball into more and more completed tasks.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者从自己的亲身经历感悟到：无论每天多么忙碌，都可以从做一件小事开始调整好自己的心态。
41．A．met　　 B．helped
C．became D．missed
C　[根据文章首句和下文的After having my first child可知，作者“成为(become)”一名母亲后，才理解了那些专职妈妈的不容易。]
42．A．struggled B．chose
C．happened D．liked
A　[根据not being able to shower可知，有了第一个孩子后，作者也遇到了与别的母亲同样的问题——洗澡得“奋斗(struggle)”，没时间收拾家。]
43．A．hours B．houses
C．designs D．children
D　[根据my first child, busy schedules以及my kids可知，作者后来又生了两个“孩子(child)”。]
44．A．difficult B．necessary
C．boring D．important
A　[根据our busy schedules可知，要把家里的活都干完比较“困难(difficult)”。]
45．A．look up B．look around
C．look inside D．look out
【答案】　B
46．A．learn from B．depend on
C．show off D．figure out
D　[孩子们睡觉后，作者会“环顾四周(look around)”，试着“弄清楚(figure out)”自己干完了哪些事情。]
47．A．still B．only
C．ever D．seldom
【答案】　A
48．A．large B．empty
C．clean D．warm
C　[根据前一句可知，but前的内容是完成的工作，but后的内容是未完成的工作。洗碗机已经空了，但餐具“还(still)”留在水槽里。孩子的房间比较“干净(clean)”，但是玩具扔得到处都是。]
49．A．impatient B．unproductive
C．impractical D．unattractive
B　[根据frustrated和下文的my least productive moments可知，作者因为自己“没成效(unproductive)”感到沮丧。]
50．A．forgot B．imagined
C．made D．found
D　[根据语境可知，作者“发现(find)”一篇演说。]
51．A．comparing B．saving
C．completing D．sharing
C　[根据accomplish making your bed可知，演讲者鼓励大家从“完成(accomplish)”一件小事开始新的一天。]
52．A．reason B．excuse
C．doubt D．concern
A　[本空后的内容是那位演讲者给出的“理由(reason)”。]
53．A．useless B．small
C．dull D．tough
B　[整理床铺是件“小(small)”事。]
54．A．explain B．stress
C．improve D．try
D　[根据even though my days were full of other tasks可知，作者决定“尝试(try)”演讲者所提出的办法。]
55．A．big B．soft
C．tidy D．comfortable
C　[既然是整理床铺，床自然就“整洁(tidy)”了。]
56．A．polite B．brave
C．correct D．generous
C　[根据下文的a way to get into a positive mindset可知，作者通过尝试，认为演讲者的说法是“正确的(correct)”。]
57．A．success B．mess
C．career D．match
【答案】　B
58．A．end B．change
C．pass D．appear
D　[根据语境可知，我两岁的孩子让我陷入了“混乱(mess)”。一事无成的感觉又开始“出现(appear)”。]
59．A．speech B．day
C．film D．week
B　[根据Lunch time rolled around可知，尽管时间已到“一天(day)”的中间，作者还是决定去整理床铺。]
60．A．attitude B．health
C．study D．memory
A　[根据Soon, my mindset changed可知，作者整理完床铺后，一事无成感没有了，“心态(attitude)”变好了。]