【精品复习学案】八年级英语上册（人教版）第8章 并列连词

这是一份【精品复习学案】八年级英语上册（人教版）第8章 并列连词，共7页。

第8章 连词连词是虚词，起着连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用，所以连词不能独立担任句子的成分。连词包括并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句，如and，or，but，so，for，both...and，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also等都是并列连词。从属连词用来引导从句，如that，when，till，until，after，before，since，because，if，whether，though，although，so...that，so that，in order that，as soon as，as...as等都是从属连词。本章将分别讲述一些主要连词的用法。典型例句：1.Li Lei and Jim are good friends.（李雷和吉姆是好朋友。）（and是并列连词）典型例句：2.I think that he his sleepy.（我想他困了。）（that是从属连词）1.并列连词1.and：和，而且I like basketball,football and table tennis.（我喜欢篮球、足球和乒乓球。）Brother and I went to the bookstore yesterday.（我和哥哥昨天去了书店。）（1）and的基本用法and意为“和”“而且”，用来连接对等关系的词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。He stood up and put on his hat.（他站起来，戴上帽子。）（and连接两个动词短语）I went to the Summer Palace and he went to the Forbidden City.（我去了颐和园，他去了紫禁城。）（and连接两个句子）补充：如果是连接三个或三个以上的单词或词组，and一般放在最后一个单词或词组前。and在译成中文时，不一定要翻译出“和”来。（2）and的特殊用法and用在祈使句中，句型为“祈使句，and...”，相当于“If you...,you’ll...”。Use your head,and you’ll find a way.（动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。）=If you use your head,you’ll find a way.（如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出办法。）Hurry up,and you’ll catch the bus.（快点儿，你就会赶上公共汽车。）=If you hurry up,you’ll catch the bus.（如果你快点儿，就会赶上公共汽车。）2.or：或，或者；否则Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai?（李明来自北京还是来自上海？）He never smokes or drinks.（他从不吸烟，也不喝酒。）（1）or的基本用法or意为“或”，用于两者之中选择一个的时候。Tom or I am right.（汤姆或者我是对的。）说明：“A or B”作主语时，谓语动词随or后面的词（B）而定，因此例句中的谓语动词服从I，用am。Are you coming or not?（你来还是不来？）Would you like coffee or tea?（你想要咖啡还是茶？）（2）or的特殊用法or用于祈使句中，句型为“祈使句，or...=If you don’t...,you’ll...”，意为“请……，否则……”，有转折的意思。Hurry up,or you’ll miss the bus.（快点儿吧，否则你就会误了这班公共汽车。）=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the bus.（如果你不快点儿，就会误了这班公共汽车。）Turn the heat down,or the food will burn.（请把炉火开小些，否则食物就烧焦了。）=If you don’t turn the heat down,the food will burn.（如果你不把炉火开小些，食物就会烧焦。）Study hard,or you’ll fail in the exam.（好好学吧，否则你就会考试不及格。）=If you don’t study hard,you’ll fail in the exam.（如果你不努力学习，就会考试不及格。）补充：or疑问句的读法or前面的部分用升调，后面的部分用降调。3.but：但是，可是，而He is old,but he looks very young.（他年纪大了，但他看起来很年轻。）They came here not for money but for life.（他们到这儿来，不是为了钱，而是为了生活。）（1）but的基本用法but意为“但是，可是，而”，表示转折关系。Li Li likes the violin but doesn’t like the piano.（李莉喜欢小提琴，（但是）不喜欢钢琴。）（but后面省略了主语Li Li，因为与前面的主语成分相同）Mary likes the violin,but Tom doesn’t.（玛丽喜欢小提琴，而汤姆不喜欢。）（doesn’t后面省略了like the violin，因为与前面的成分相同）He isn’t a teacher but a doctor.（他不是老师，而是医生。）说明：在but所连接的句子中，如果but后面的某些成分与前面相同，则可以省略。（2）but的特殊用法but还可以表示“除了……以外”。No one but she knew about it exactly.（除了她之外，没有人确切地知道那件事。）重要：but和although不能在一起连用。It was raining hard,but they went on working.=Although it was raining hard,they went on working.（虽然下着大雨，但是他们仍继续工作。）4.so和farIt began to rain,so we had to stay here.（开始下雨了，所以我们不得不呆在这儿。）We can’t go,for it’s raining.（我们不能走，因为正在下雨。）（1）so：所以，因此；于是；非常；也，同样I had a headache,so I went to see a doctor.（我头疼，因此我去看医生了。）It was too dark,so I couldn’t see anything.（天太黑了，所以我什么也看不见。）补充：so作副词时的用法so除了作连词外，也可以作副词。此时，so经常有以下两种意思：①so用于代替上面所说的事情，意思是“如此，如是”。A:I hope you can pass the exam.（我希望你能通过考试。）B:I hope so.（我希望如此。）②so用于表示达到某种程度，意思是“这么，那么”。Don’t walk so fast.（别走得这么快。）（2）for：因为I soon went to sleep,for I was tired.（我很快就入睡了，因为我太累了。）We expected his coming,for he would bring good news.（我们盼望他的到来，因为他会带来好消息。）I do not believe him,for he never tells the truth.（我不相信他，因为他从来不说真话。）比较：for和because的区别for和because都可译为“因为”，但两者是有区别的。for只表示说明、解释，从某一现象推断出某一结果，前后并不存在因果关系。The sun has risen,for the birds are singing.（太阳升起来了，因为小鸟在唱歌。）because用于解释某事的原因、动机，强调因果关系，可用于回答why引导的问句。A:Why shouldn’t I come?（为什么我不应该来？）B:Because you’re too busy.（因为你太忙了。）5.both...and：和；既……也……He can play both the violin and the piano.（他既会拉小提琴，又会弹钢琴。）Both Beijing and New York have traffic problems.（北京和纽约都有交通问题。）（1）由both...and构成的词组作主语由both...and构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。在“both...and”句型中，and所连接的词或词组要对等。It’s known that both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.（大家都知道李明和李莉都是好学生。）（Li Ming和Li Li都是人名，两者对等）补充：两者用both，三者以上用all。They are all fine,too.（他们也都很好。）（all指三人以上）（2）both...and的否定句表示部分否定He can’t play both the violin and the piano.（他会拉小提琴或者会弹钢琴。）（表示这两者不全会）Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.（李明和李莉不都是好学生。）（表示其中一个是好学生）6.either...or，neither...norI want to visit either Tianjin or Shanghai.（我想去天津或者上海游玩。）I like neither Chinese nor English.（中文和英文我全不喜欢。）（1）either...or：或……或……；不是……就是……A.由either...or构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词随其邻近的词，即随or后面的主语而定。Either you or he is right.（不是你就是他是对的。）Either my sister or my mother comes.（不是我妹妹就是我母亲过来。）B.or前后的词性必须一致。Can you speak either Chinese（名词）or English（名词）?（你会说汉语或英语吗？）Either you（代词主格）or he（代词主格）has to clean the room.（不是你就是他必须打扫房间。）C.either...or的否定句是完全否定。Either you or he isn’t right.（你和他都不对。）I don’t want to visit either Tianjin or Shanghai.（天津和上海我都不想游览。）例外：either...or...用于选择两者之中的一者，但有时候也用于在三者之中作出选择。You can have either coffee,tea or juice.（你可以要咖啡、茶或者果汁。）（2）neither...nor：既不……也不……A.由neither...nor构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词的用法和either...or的用法一样，由其邻近的nor后面的主语而定。nor前后的词性必须一致。Neither he nor I speak a foreign language.（他和我都不会说外语。）Neither you nor he was selected for the job.（你和他都没有被选上做这个工作。）He can neither read（动词）nor write.（动词）（他既不会读也不会写。）B.neither...nor本身是全否定，故不能再加not。（⚪）Neither you nor I am right.（你和我都不对。）（×）Neither you nor I am not right.比较：both...and，either...or，neither...nor的用法比较1.肯定句：I like both A and B. 我喜欢A和B。I like both coffee and tea.（我喜欢咖啡和茶。/咖啡和茶我都喜欢。）2.否定句：I don’t like both A and B.=I like either A or B. 我喜欢A或B。I like either coffee or tea.=I don’t like both coffee and tea.（咖啡和茶，我喜欢其中之一。）3.否定句：I don’t like either A or B.=I like neither A nor B. A和B我都不喜欢。I don’t like either coffee or tea.=I like neither coffee nor tea.（咖啡和茶，我都不喜欢。）7.not only...but also：不但……而且……Not only you but also your father is coming.（不但你，而且你父亲也要来。）Jane is not only beautiful but also kind.（简不仅漂亮，而且人也非常好。）A.not only...but also意为“不但……而且……”，它构成的词组担任主语时，谓语动词随邻近的but also后面的主语而定。Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.（不但学生们，而且老师也反对这个计划。）Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.（不但老师，而且学生们也反对这个计划。）B.not only...but also连接对等的词或词组。I not only play tennis（动词短语）but also practise shooting.（动词短语）（我不仅打网球，而且还练习射击。）He plays not only the piano（名词）but also the violin.（名词）（他不仅弹钢琴，而且还拉小提琴。）They speak English not only in class（介词短语）but also in the dormitory.（动词短语）（他们不仅在课堂上，而且在宿舍也说英语。）C.not only...but also句型可以和as well as互换。not only A but also B=B as well as A，但前者强调的重点B在but also之后；后者强调的重点B在as well as之前。英译汉时，要先译as well as后面的词。The child is not only healthy but also lively.=The child is lively as well as healthy.（这孩子既健康又活泼。）It concerns not only me but also you.=It concerns you as well as me.（这件事不但与我有关，而且也与你有关。）8.比较not only...but also，as well as和both...andA.not only...but also（不但……而且……）；as well as（又，不但……而且……）；both...and（既……又……）这三个词组有时可以通用，但也有细微差别。This book is not only interesting but (also) instructive.（这本书不但有趣而且有教育意义。）（有时but also中的also可以省略）This book is instructive as well as interesting.（这本书不但有趣而且有教育意义。）This book is both interesting and very instructive.（这本书既有趣又有教育意义。）The actor can not only play well but also write well.（这位演员不但戏演得好，而且字写得也很好。）重要：not only A but also B=B as well as A=both A and B不仅……而且……也The actor can write well as well as play.（这位演员不但戏演得好，而且字写得也很好。）The actor can both play and write well.（这位演员演技和书法都很好。）Not only he but also his mother will be there.（不但他，而且他的妈妈也要去那里。）His mother as well as he will be there.（不但他，而且他的妈妈也要去那里。）Both he and his mother will be there.（他和他的妈妈都要去那里。）补充：both...and...的反义短语为neither...nor或not either...or，意为“既不……也不……”。B.not only A but also B=B as well as ANot only you but also my brother is going to visit the museum again.=My brother as well as you is going to visit the museum again.（不但你而且我哥哥也打算再去参观一下这个博物馆。）（注意you和my brother的位置）说明：虽然not only...but also和as well as句型的语序不同，但译文一样，强调的重点一样。Not only the sons but also their father likes playing computer games.=The father as well as his sons likes playing computer games.（不但他的儿子们连他也喜欢玩电脑游戏。）C.not only...but also句型的谓语动词随but also后面的主语而定，而as well as的谓语动词随as well as前面的主语而定。Not only Mr.Lin but also his parents join in the party.（不但林先生，而且他的父母也参加聚会。）Mr.Lin as well as his parents joins in the party.（不但林先生的父母，而且林先生也参加宴会。）（注意这两句的谓语动词形式）