人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀复习练习题

人教版（2019）必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 同步词汇句型（含答案）

一.   重点词汇拓展

1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援

【典型例句】

We had given up the hope of rescue.

我们那时已经放弃了营救的希望。

We rescued him from the enemy’s camp.

我们把他从敌营中救了出来。

【思维拓展】

rescue worker救援人员

come/go to sb’s rescue前来/去营救(某人)

rescue...from...从……营救……

rescuer n．救助者

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①She seemed to be waiting for someone to come ______ her rescue.

②This boy ______________(rescue) from the running river.

完成句子

③The fireman ____________________ the burning house.

消防队员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。

2．damage vt.损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失

【典型例句】

The earthquake damaged several buildings.

地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。

You have damaged my bicycle.You won’t have it again.

你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。

Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.

一次吃太多肉会对你的胃造成损害。

【思维拓展】

cause/do damage to＝damage(v.)伤害；损伤

do＋n.＋to短语

do harm to ＝ be harmful to＝be bad for对……造成伤害/有害处

do good to sb.＝do sb.good＝ be good for sb.对……有好处

do wrong to冤屈，冤枉

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①The heavy rain didn’t do much damage ______ the crops.

②Her heart ______________(damage) as a result of the disease.

完成句子

③For them, dieting not only is useless but also might ______________ _______.

对他们来说，节食不仅是无用的，而且可能会损害他们的健康。

3. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭

【典型例句】

A fire destroyed the house.

一场火毁坏了那座房屋。

The school was completely destroyed by fire.

学校被大火彻底烧毁了。

All his hopes were destroyed.

他所有的希望都破灭了。

【思维拓展】

destruction n. [U]破坏；毁坏

destructive adj. 破坏性的；造成破坏的

【即学即练】

用destroy的适当形式填空

①The strong earthquake left death and _______________ behind it.

②The town ________________ in the war, but the library remained.

③It is the most _______________ storm in 20 years.

④With more forests __________________，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.

4. affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；使感染；深深打动；感动

【典型例句】

He was much affected by the sad news.

这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。

The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales.

这些广告攻势对销售额并没有起到多大作用。

【思维拓展】

be affected by...被……侵袭；被……感动

effect n．影响

have an effect /influence on...对……有影响

in effect实际上

take effect开始实行；开始生效

bring/put sth.into effect使某物开始使用

come into effect (尤指法律/规章制度)开始实施

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①One of her lungs ______________(affect) a little so that she has to rest.

②I think the ____________(affect) patient needs to be isolated(隔离)．

写出黑体部分的含义

③The audience was deeply affected by his selfless spirit.(　   　)

④More than seven million people have been affected by drought.(            )

⑤This disease affects millions in the world every year.(              )

5. shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护　vt.保护；掩蔽　vi.躲避(风雨或危险)

【典型例句】

Many of the children in the shelter are orphans.

收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。

Human beings need clothing, food and shelter.

人类有衣、食、住的需求。

She was accused of sheltering a murderer.

她因为庇护谋杀犯而被控告。

【思维拓展】

give shelter to...给予……庇护的地方

under the shelter of...在……的庇护下

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①Though she was a common person, she ________________(shelter) by the USA．

②The church gave shelter ______ people on winter nights.

6. ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏

【典型例句】

The storm ruined the crops.

暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。

If you go on like this, you’ll ruin yourself.

如果你继续这样下去，你会毁了你自己。

【思维拓展】

in ruins严重受损；破败不堪

be reduced to ruins沦为废墟

come/fall into ruin严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃；垮掉

bring sth.to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏

ruin oneself自取灭亡

ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉

The city laid in ruins after the earthquake.

地震之后，这座城市变成了一片废墟。

【巧学助记】

【易混辨析】

damage，destroy，ruin

damage，destroy和ruin这三个单词均表示“破坏”“损坏”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①That mistake __________(ruin) his chance of getting the job.

②This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be ______ ruins.

③The Normans built the castle which was reduced ______ ruins.

选词填空(ruin/damage/destroy)

④The car was only slightly ___________ in the accident.

⑤They totally __________ my life after that conversation.

⑥Their house was completely _____________ in the hurricane.

7. shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt.(使)震惊

【典型例句】

He has never recovered from the shock of his father’s death.

他一直没有从他爸爸去世的打击中恢复过来。

Yes, we are still in shock, but we came.

是的，我们仍然感到震惊，但我们来了。

I was shocked by the way he treated his own mother.

他对待自己母亲的方式令我震惊。

We are very shocked to hear that the goods are damaged.

得知货物损坏的消息，我们感到非常震惊。

【思维拓展】

in shock震惊；吃惊

a shock to sb.令某人震惊的事

to one’s shock令某人震惊的是

shocked adj.感到震惊的

be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊

be shocked to do sth.震惊地做某事

shocking adj.令人震惊的

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①Lincoln’s death was a piece of surprising news.The whole nation was ___________(shock) at the sad news.

②Logan’s death was pointless—that was part of the reason we were ______ shock.

③O.Henry’s short stories always gave the readers ____________(shock) endings.

一句多译

听说他的病很严重，我吃了一惊。

④It gave me quite __________ to be told he was seriously ill.

⑤I ____________________ that he was seriously ill.

8.trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套　n．险境；陷阱

【典型例句】

During the fire, he was trapped in the building.

火灾发生时，他被困在大楼里。

Some people like to trap old people into buying some useless things.

有些人喜欢诱骗老年人买些无用的东西。

The police set a trap to catch the thief.

警察设下圈套来捉拿窃贼。

The two thieves fell into a trap at last.

那两个窃贼最终落入了圈套。

【思维拓展】

be trapped under/in...被困于……

trap sb.into doing sth.诱骗某人干某事

set a trap设置陷阱/布下圈套

fall into a trap落入圈套

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①They were trapped ______ the burning hotel.

②The fox and the dog both fell into _____ trap set by the farmer.

完成句子

③She had _______________ him and he had walked straight into it.

她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。

④The young man _______________________________ his poor quality milk.

那个年轻人诱骗那位老太太买了他的劣质牛奶。

9.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心

【典型例句】

Bury the old world and build a new one.

埋葬旧世界，建设新世界。

He buried his face in his hands.

他双手掩面。

His body was buried in snow, but his head was sticking out.

他的身体被埋在雪里，但是头伸在外面。

Buried in his study, he didn’t know that the others had left.

他埋头学习，不知道其他人已经离开了。

【思维拓展】

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①His head was buried ______ the book he was reading.

一句多译

他专心于学习，没有注意到我进来。

②He ___________________ study and didn’t notice me come in.

③He _______________ study and didn’t notice me come in.

④____________ study, he didn’t notice me come in.

10.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸

【典型例句】

The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe.

空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。

The doctor asked me to breathe in, then to breathe out fully.

医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。

【思维拓展】

breathe (sth.) in吸气；吸入……

breathe (sth.) out呼气；呼出……

breath n．呼吸

hold one’s breath屏住呼吸

out of breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气

take a breath歇口气，歇会儿透口气

lose one’s breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气

breathless adj.喘不过气来的；无风的

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①After climbing that long flight of stairs she was completely out ______ breath.

②They hold _________(they) breath when they watched the match.

完成句子

③He ___________________，and then jumped into the pool.

他深深吸了一口气，然后跳入池中。

④They came out of the tunnel and happily _______________________.

他们走出地道，愉快地呼吸着新鲜空气。

11.effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

【典型例句】

The local clubs are making an effort to attract more young people.

地方俱乐部正在努力来吸引更多的年轻人。

They spared no effort to improve people’s life.

他们不遗余力地改善人民的生活。

She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort.

她深吸一口气，费力地慢慢坐起身来。

【误区警示】

effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词。

It’s a waste of time and effort.

这是在浪费时间和精力。

若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，常与all, these等修饰语连用。

All his efforts were of no avail.

他的努力都没有用。

【思维拓展】

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①The prisoner made an effort ____________(escape), but he couldn’t climb the prison wall.

②______ an effort to honor our relationship, I need to tell you the truth.

句型转换

③They are trying their best to prevent the river from being polluted.

 →They are _____________________ to prevent the river from being polluted.

 →They are ___________________ to prevent the river from being polluted.

12.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦

【典型例句】

Many people are still suffering from starvation.

很多人仍然在忍受饥饿之苦。

Japan is suffering another disaster because of the nuclear leak.

日本因核泄漏正遭受另一场灾难。

【思维拓展】

suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏

suffer from...受……折磨；患……病

suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事

sufferer n．患难者；患病者

【易混辨析】

suffer，suffer from

(1)suffer后常加的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等，如suffer pain/defeat/losses/ the result/side effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。

(2)suffer from常加具体的不幸或痛苦的名词，表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease“遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/患病”。

He suffered many defeats before success.

成功前他失败了很多次。

The child suffers from measles.

这个小孩得了麻疹。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①The old man went through a lot of ______________(suffer) in the old days. What’s worse, he suffered ________ heart attack when he was in his eighties.

②A lot of money has been collected to help those _____________(suffer) from the floods.

③Relief food and clothing should be quickly sent to the _____________ (suffer) from the great fire.

选词填空(suffer/suffer from)

④Unluckily, he ________________ a sudden heart failure and died.

⑤Within a few days she became seriously ill and ____________ great pain.

重点短语精讲

1.set up设立；建立

【典型例句】

They set up a special committee to look into the matter.

他们设立了一个专门的委员会来调查此事。

They decided to set up a new school.

他们决定建一所新学校。

【思维拓展】

set off 出发；动身；开始

set out 出发；动身

set about (doing sth.) 开始(做某事)

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①—Have great changes taken place in your village?

—Yes.A new school was set ______ in the village last year.

②We set about ____________(paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day.

2.come to an end结束；终止

【典型例句】

The meeting has come to an end.

会议已经结束了。

Their quarrel came to an end finally.

他们的争吵终于结束了。

【误区警示】

come to an end的主语是物，不用于被动语态。若表示“使……结束”，则用bring sth.to an end。

He managed to bring the terrible situation to an end.

他设法结束了这种糟糕的局面。

【思维拓展】

be at an end结束

at the end of...在……的尽头

by the end of...到……末尾为止(常和完成时连用)

reach the end of the line/road穷途末路

in the end最终；最后

make ends meet使收支相抵；勉强维持生计

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in _______ end.

②The summer vacation came to ______ end at last.

用end的相关短语填空

③They don’t realize their school life will _______________.

他们没有意识到他们的学校生活就要结束了。

④I am going to charge a new dress, and pay for it ______________ the month.

我要去买一件新衣服，并在月底付款。

⑤They had achieved their plan ______________ last month.

截止到上个月底，他们已经完成了计划。

⑥He failed so many times that ____________ he gave up hope.

他失败的次数太多了，以至于他最终放弃了希望。

3.nothing but除……外什么也没有；只有；仅仅

【典型例句】

For miles and miles I could see nothing but a great fire and lots of smoke.

一连好几英里，除了大火和浓烟我什么也看不见。

He did nothing but sleep all day long.

他什么也不干，成天睡觉。

I can do nothing but obey it.

我只能服从。

【思维拓展】

anything but绝不；根本不

I was anything but happy about going.

我一点也不愿意出去。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

Under the soil there is nothing _______ sand.

4.tens of thousands of数以万计的

【典型例句】

Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain.

数以万计的人正在体育馆看比赛，这时天突然下起雨来。

【误区警示】

thousand, hundred等前有具体数字时不用复数，后接名词时不用of；但如果是表示不确定的数目，即表示“概数”时，用复数形式，且后跟of。

two hundred students 两百名学生

hundreds/thousands of...数以百计/千计的……

【思维拓展】

dozens of许多；大量

scores of许多；大量

hundreds of数以百计的

thousands of数以千计的

millions of数以百万计的

hundreds and hundreds of成百上千的

hundreds of thousands of成千上万的

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

Thousands ______ people left the countryside to work in the city.

5.dig out掘出；发现

【典型例句】

They dug out an old vase.

他们挖出了一个旧花瓶。

I tried to dig out the truth.

我设法探出真相。

【思维拓展】

dig into 挖掘；深入钻研

dig up 找出；查明

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

I must remember to dig _______ that book for you.

重点句型精讲

1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.

鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃食，狗也拒绝进入建筑物中。

(1)这是由并列连词and连接的两个简单句。

(2)too...to...太……而不能

The wires are too high for children to reach.

线太高，孩子们够不着。

He was too ill to travel.

他病得太重了，不能远行。

It’s too hot a day to work.

天气太热了，无法工作。

【思维拓展】

too...to...句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义：

(1)与某些表示心情的或描述性的形容词连用时，too相当于very，意为“非常”。此类形容词常见的有happy, glad, easy, ready, willing, nervous, good, kind, surprised等。在该用法中，常在too前加上only, but, all, simply或just，用来加强语气。

Tom is (only) too glad to help you.

汤姆非常乐意帮助你。

They are (all) too willing to take the opinions of others.

他们都非常愿意接受别人的意见。

(2)too前有not, never, can’t等否定词修饰时构成双重否定，表示肯定意义，意为“并非太……；不会太……；再……也不过分”。

English is not too difficult to learn.

英语并不难学。

It’s never too late to learn.

活到老，学到老。

You can’t be too careful to do your homework.

你做作业越仔细越好。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①The problem is too difficult for the students __________ (work) out.

翻译句子

②I am only too willing to have someone to speak to.

我能找到人聊聊天，______________。

③I was too excited to fall asleep last night.

我昨晚____________________。

④I am never too busy to answer your phone call!

__________________________!

2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!世界末日似乎到了！

as if引导的从句在句中作表语，as if “仿佛；好像”。

It seemed as if...意为“看起来好像……”。

The child talked to us as if he were a grown－up.

那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个大人似的。

She left the room hurriedly as if she was angry.

她匆忙离开了房间，好像很生气的样子。

It looks as if it will rain before long.

看起来一会儿就要下雨了。

【思维拓展】

as if＝as though仿佛；好像

even if＝even though即使

【误区警示】

若as if/as though引导的从句可能是真实的事情或情况时，用陈述语气；若与事实相反或不符，通常用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。

(1)as if/as though 引导表语从句。

The clouds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain.

乌云密布，天看起来像要下雨了。

It looks as if the sky were falling down.

天看起来好像要塌下来似的。

(2)as if/as though 引导方式状语从句。

He talks as if he were the owner of the world.(与现在事实相反，be动词用were)

他说起话来好像他主宰这个世界似的。

He talks as if he had been to the moon.(与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时)

他说起话来好像他去过月球似的。

She talks and talks as if she would never stop.(与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would＋动词原形)

她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。

(3)as if引导方式状语从句时可用省略形式，后面接名词、形容词、副词和介词短语，也可跟分词或不定式。

He talks as if a philosopher.

他说起话来就好像是一个哲学家似的。

The lady cried and laughed as if mad.

这位女士哭了又笑，好像疯了。

Tom dropped his head and didn’t dare say a word, as if not knowing the answer.

汤姆低垂着头不敢说话，好像不知道答案。

He talks as if drunk.

从他谈话的样子来看，他像是醉了。

Tom opened his mouth as if to say something.

汤姆张开嘴好像要说什么。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①—What a noise! I can hardly stand it.

—It sounds ______ if they are having a party next door.

②The man we followed suddenly stopped as if _________(see) whether he was going in the right direction.

③She looks as if she ________(be) ten years younger.

④He talked about London as if he ___________(be) there.

⑤He opened his mouth as if he ____________(say) something.

完成句子

⑥It seemed ______________ he had known the fact already.

他好像早已知道事实了。

3.Thousands of children were left without parents.成千上万个孩子变成了孤儿。

(1)Thousands of children were left without parents.是．.. left thousands of children without parents的被动形式。without parents 是介词短语，在句中作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。

(2)leave表示“使处于……状态”时，可构成“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、过去分词、现在分词、介词(短语)等充当。

You shouldn’t have left all the windows open when you were sleeping.

你睡觉时本不该开着所有的窗子的。(形容词作宾补)

She ran away，leaving her boyfriend in the rain alone.

她跑开了，留她的男友一个人在雨中。(介词短语作宾补)

It’s impolite of you to leave the guest standing outside for half an hour.

你让客人在外面站了半个小时真是不礼貌。(现在分词作宾补)

The guests left most of the dishes untouched，because they didn’t taste delicious.

大部分菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。(过去分词作宾补)

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①We should not leave the tap water ___________(run) or waste any meterials in the lab class.

②I left the door ____________(unlock) when I went out.

③Qi Baishi’s style of painting  often leaves the audience ____________ (guess) and makes them use their imagination.

④He didn’t feel excited at the news that our team won the game, leaving me ____________(confuse)．

⑤Firefighters put out the fire, which left the kitchen ___________ (damage) and the oven completely _____________(destroy)．

4.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.

地震中死亡和受伤的人数超过40万。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。句中who were killed or badly injured in the quake是who引导的定语从句，先行词是people，who是关系代词，代替先行词并在从句中作主语。

(2)the number of意为“……的数目”，后接可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.

目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增加。

【思维拓展】

a number of等同于many，意为“许多的”，修饰可数名词复数形式，当其所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Quite a number of young people believe that money is a passport to happiness.

相当一部分年轻人认为金钱是获得幸福的通行证。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①A number of teachers _______(be) present today；the number of them ______(be) 300.

②A number of students ________(be) absent from the meeting yesterday.

答案：

词汇：

1. to    was rescued     rescued a baby from
2. to　  was damaged　 damage their health
3. destruction     was destroyed      destructive　being destroyed　
   
4.  is affected　  affected　   感动      影响       侵袭；感染
   
5. was sheltered     to
   
6. Keys： ruined    in    to     damaged     ruined      destroyed
   
7. Keys：a shock      was shocked to hear
   
8. Keys：in    a      set a trap for    trapped the old lady into buying
   
9. Keys：in    buried himself in　  was buried in      Buried in
   
10. Keys：of   their   took a deep breath    breathed the fresh air
    
11. making every effort    sparing no effort　
    
12. sufferings     from      suffering     sufferers;

suffered from　  suffered

短语：

1.  up     painting
2. the       an      come to an end　at the end of　  by the end of      in the end
   
3.  but
   
4. of
5. Out

句子

to work    我太高兴    太兴奋了没睡着觉     我不会忙得不接你的电话

as   to see    were   had been      would say        as if/though

 running     unlocked    guessing    confused　damaged　 destroyed　

are   is    were