人教版 (2019)Unit 5 Languages around the world优秀同步达标检测题

人教版（2019）必修一 Unit 5 languages around the world 同步词汇句型（含答案）

一．重点词汇拓展

1．native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的　n．本地人

【典型例句】

China is our native country，and Chinese is our native language.

中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。

The tiger is native to India.

这种老虎产于印度。

He is a native of Beijing.

他是北京人。

【思维拓展】

be native to原产于

one’s native country/land/language某人的祖国/故乡/母语

be a native of...……的人；原产于……的动物或植物

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the ___________ (native)．

②Is her uncle a native ______ Shanghai or just a visitor?

③The researcher says the tiger is native ______ India.

2．attitude n．态度；看法

【典型例句】

It’s not his work that bothers me；it’s his attitude.

困扰我的不是他的工作，而是他的态度。

What’s your attitude to this plan?

对于这个计划，你有什么看法？

We must take a serious attitude toward(s) our work.

我们必须严肃对待自己的工作。

【思维拓展】

attitude to/towards sb./sth.对某人/某事的态度

have/take a positive attitude to/towards...对……持积极态度

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①The writer’s attitude _____________ online learning is positive.

②His attitude to ___________(play) computer games surprised me.

完成句子

③It is important ________________________________________.

对生活采取积极的态度很重要。

3. base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础　n．底部；根据

【典型例句】

They decided to base the new company in Xiongan，Hebei Province.

他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在河北雄安。

The businessman bases his hopes on the good news he had yesterday.

那位商人把希望寄托在他昨天得到的好消息上。

This book is based on a true story.

这本书讲的是一个真实的故事。

He held up a wine glass with a heavy base and said that his arguments had a sound base.

他举起一个厚底的酒杯，说他的立论是有充分根据的。

【思维拓展】

base...in...把……安置在(某地)

base sth.on/upon sth.以某事物为另一事物的根据、证据等

based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特指)的

be based on/upon以……为根据

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①The new organization will be based ______ Paris.

②His new storybook _________(base) on what happened in the school two years ago sells well.

③It was based more ______ German than the English we speak at present.

根据句意用适当的单词填空

④There is a door at the ________ of the tower, which is said to be the ________ of the army.

在那座塔的底部有一扇门，据说那是这支部队的根据地。

4. variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化

【典型例句】

We all need variety in our diet.

我们都需要饮食多样化。

A great variety of flowers were on show in the street on the National Day.

国庆节那天街上展出了各种各样的花。

There are numerous varieties of peonies.

牡丹有许多品种。

【思维拓展】

a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的

various adj.不同的；各种各样的

for various reasons由于种种原因

vary vt.&  vi.改变；变化

vary from...to...从……到……不等

vary between...and...在……和……之间变动

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①These bags are made of a variety ______ materials that can be easily treated when they become rubbish.

②It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for a ___________(various) of reasons.

③The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ________ (various) from 10 to 15.

5.major adj.主要的；重要的；大的　n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究

【典型例句】

He is a major writer.

他是位大作家。

Do you know what the major cause of the strike is?

你知道这次罢工的主要原因吗？

His major is French.

他的主修科目是法语。

Mary is majoring in French at Stanford.

玛丽正在斯坦福专攻法语。

【思维拓展】

major in...主修……；以……为专业

majority n．大多数；大半

in the/a majority占多数

the majority of...大多数...

minority n．少数；少数民族；未成年

in the/a minority占少数

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①He majored ______ physics at university.

完成句子

②When it comes to education, _________________ people believe that education is of great importance.

当谈及教育，大部分人认为教育很重要。

③In the nursing profession, women are __________________.

女性在护理行业中占大多数。

6.means n．方式；方法；途径

【典型例句】

Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there.

去那儿最快的方式是坐飞机。

All possible means have been tried.＝Every possible means has been tried.

所有(每一种)可能的办法都已经试过了。

This plan must be realized by all means.

这个计划必须完成。

【思维拓展】

by all means务必，不惜一切地；当然可以，没问题(用于交际英语表示同意)

by any means无论如何

by no means绝不；一点也不(用于句首时引起部分倒装)

by this/these means用这种/这些办法

by means of...依靠……方法，借助……手段

Thoughts are expressed by means of words.

思想靠语言来表达。

By no means should he be left alone.

绝不能把他单独留下。

【误区警示】

 (1)means 表示“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。当 means 作主语且有 every, each 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some, several, many, few, all 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

(2)by this means 强调的是“有条理的办事方法”；in this way 强调的是“用简便的方法”，in 有时候可以省略；with this method 强调的是“用已形成的系统的、理论的方法”。

(3)means的另一个考查点是它的习惯搭配。

(4)by no means 绝不。放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①You can learn English well by means ______ practicing more.

完成句子

②Students sometimes support themselves _____________ doing part－time jobs.

学生有时借助兼职工作养活自己。

③_______________can you give up when you are in trouble.

处境困难时决不能放弃。

7. regard n．尊重（respect 同义）；关注　vt.把……视为；看待

【典型例句】

The teacher wishes to speak to you in regard to being late.

关于迟到的事，老师希望同你谈谈。

Please give my kind regards to your family.

请代我向你家人问好。

He is regarded as the most promising player.

他被看成是最有希望的球员。

【思维拓展】

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①Please be sure to give your family my  ___________(regard)．

②I regarded him ______ a dangerous person.

③I have nothing to say __________ regard to your question.

8.character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点

【典型例句】

Her behaviour last night was completely out of character.

她昨晚的行为举止与她的性格极其不符。

This is good for building up one’s character.

这有利于品性的塑造。

In the story，the main character has left his girlfriend and baby.

故事中，主人公离开了他的女友和孩子。

Mr. Smith doesn’t know Chinese characters.

史密斯先生不认识汉字。

【思维拓展】

in character 符合某人的性格

out of character 不符合某人的性格

build (up) one’s character 塑造品性，磨炼意志

【即学即练】

写出黑体部分的含义

①When you call someone a friend, it is mainly his character and interests that make him your friend.________

②The characters Stan Lee and the Marvel artists created are so popular that more than two million comic books based on their adventures have been published, in 75 countries and 25 languages.________

③The whole character of the village has changed since the last time I was here.________

④Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic(美学的) value. ________

9.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会　vi.增值

【典型例句】

You will appreciate his novels better if you read his autobiography.

如果读了他的自传，你就更能欣赏他的小说。

I’d appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.

如果让我继续工作，我会非常感激。

【误区警示】

(1)appreciate 后可以接名词或从句，也可接动词的－ing形式，但不接不定式；后接从句时通常用it 作形式宾语。

(2)appreciate 表示“感激”时后接事或物，thank 后接人。

She appreciated his kindness.

＝She thanked him for his kindness.

她感激他的好意。

【思维拓展】

appreciate sth.感激某事

appreciate one/one’s doing sth.感激某人做某事

I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。

appreciation n．欣赏；感激

单句语法填空

④We shall appreciate ___________(hear) from you again.

⑤I would appreciate ______ very much if you reply to me early.

二．重点短语精讲

1.be known for...以……而闻名

【典型例句】

He was known for his novels.

他以他的小说而闻名。

【思维拓展】

be known for...＝be famous for...以……而闻名

be known as...＝be famous as...作为……而闻名

be known to sb.＝be famous to sb.为某人所熟知

The popular star is known/famous to young people.

这个流行歌手为年轻人所熟知。

Virginia is known/famous as the birthplace of several USA presidents.

弗吉尼亚作为几位美国总统的出生地而出名。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①He is famous _______ his humour.

②Known ______ an advanced teacher, he was warmly welcomed by his students when he stepped onto the platform.

2.refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅

【典型例句】

Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know how to pronounce the word.

如果你不知道这个单词如何发音，请查字典。

In his speech, he didn’t refer to the problem at all.

在他的演讲中，他丝毫未触及那个问题。

He is referred to as a living Lei Feng.

他被称作活雷锋。

【思维拓展】

refer to...as...把……称作……

refer...to...把……提交给……；把……委托给……

reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①In his speech he referred ______ the great help our country received from the supporters of the world.

根据语境猜测词义

②No one referred to the matter again.________

③When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to you. __________

④The new law does not refer to land used for farming. _______________

⑤If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.________

⑥English is referred to as a universal language.________________

3.date back(to)追溯到（因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时，且没有被动语态）

【典型例句】

Tomb Sweeping Day dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period.

清明节可以追溯到春秋时代。

【思维拓展】

date back to＝date from始自某时期

out of date过时

up to date直到最近的；时髦的

keep up to date跟上时代

make/fix a date for sth.定下(做)某事的日期

have a date with sb.同某人约会

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①The history of the town dates back ______ the Middle Ages.

②Our friendship _________(date) back to 1960.

③A lot of new words go _______ of date very quickly.

④They are very  ______ to date in their method of language teaching.

⑤According to the expert, the vase has a history __________(date) back to the early Tang Dynasty.

4.lead to导致；引起；通向

【典型例句】

Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.

过量的工作和过少的休息经常会引起疾病。

What led you to this conclusion?

你是如何得出这个结论的？

【思维拓展】

lead to (doing) sth.导致(做)某事

lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事

lead a/an...life过着……的生活

【误区警示】

lead to中的to是介词，所以后面接动词时，用动词的－ing形式。类似的带介词to的动词短语还有：look forward to (盼望)，get down to (开始认真做)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，contribute to (有助于，导致)等。

【即学即练】

完成句子

①It was making a face in the maths class that _______________________.

是在数学课上做鬼脸一事导致汤姆被惩罚。

②This road __________________ so we can take it.

这条路通向北京，所以我们可以走它。

③The rain－free climate and so many cars driving in the city have _________ serious air pollution so many people think they are ___________________.

无雨的气候以及在城里那么多行驶的车辆导致严重的大气污染，所以很多人认为他们过着很糟糕的生活。

5.a number of许多；大量(修饰number的词除了great之外还有large, good, small等)

【典型例句】

A great/large number of tourists visit London every year.

每年有大批的游客游览伦敦。

【易混辨析】

a number of/the number of

【思维拓展】

【误区警示】

large quantities of...作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity of...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①I have _____ large number of books and _______ number of them is still increasing.

三．重点句型精讲

1.Over the years，the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.

随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为它是一个中国人口在地理区域上被分隔开的时期，导致了许多不同种类的方言和文字。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是the system developed into different forms；句中as引导原因状语从句；when people were divided geographically是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a time；leading to many varieties of dialects and characters是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。

(2)It was a time when...那是……的时期

It was a time when I took a crazy liking for rock and roll.

那是一个我非常狂热地喜欢摇滚乐的时期。

【思维拓展】

There was a time when...曾有一段时间……

There was a time when women were not allowed to go to school.

曾经有一段时间，女性不被允许去上学。

【即学即练】

完成句子

__________________Tom’s mother got angry very easily.这是一段汤姆妈妈很容易生气的时期。

2.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.

该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有极大的重要性。

(1)该句是比较长的简单句，整个句式是“主系表”结构。of great importance是介词短语，作表语。

(2)“of＋名词”结构

“of＋名词”结构可在句中作表语，后置定语和宾语补足语。该结构可分为两类：

①不可以转化为形容词的：此时，“of＋名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有color，size，age，height，weight，shape，type，kind，price，quality等，名词前可用different，the same，a(n)等来修饰。

Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes，and metals.

硬币可能在大小、重量、形状和(铸造所用的)金属方面有所不同。

These pens are of many different colors.

这些钢笔有许多不同的颜色。

The two rooms are of a size/of the same size.

这两个房间大小一样。

Tom and I are of the same age.

我和汤姆一样大。

②可以转化为同根形容词的：此时，“of＋名词”结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有value，use，importance，help，significance，benefit，beauty等。名词前可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰，用来表明程度。

Dictionaries are of great help (＝very helpful) to English learners.

词典对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。

In fact, sports can be of great benefit (＝very beneficial) to our health.

事实上，运动对我们的健康很有益。

【思维拓展】

 “of＋名词”和同根形容词的转换如下：

be of significance＝be significant有重大意义的

be of importance＝be important重要的

be of help＝be helpful有帮助的

be of use＝be useful有用的

be of value＝be valuable宝贵的；很有用的

be of benefit＝be beneficial有益的

【即学即练】

结合“of＋名词”的用法完成句子

①You’ll find this map is ____________________ for you to travel around London.

你会发现这张地图对你周游伦敦很有用。(value)

②The discovery of the new drug is _________________________ to people who suffer from heart trouble.

这种新药物的发现对心脏病患者来说非常重要。(importance)

③Please give these things to charities.They are ___________ to me.

请把这些东西捐给慈善机构。它们对我没有用了。(use)

3.Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.

即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。

(1)该句是主从复合句。what前省略了no matter，no matter where... speak是连接词no matter where和no matter what引导的让步状语从句。

(2)“no matter＋特殊疑问句”引导让步状语从句

①no matter与what/who/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，可引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”。

No matter what he did, his parents supported him.

不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。

No matter how difficult the problem is, we’ll overcome it.

不管这个问题多么难，我们都会克服它。

②no matter how/who/where/when/what/which...引导让步状语从句时，可换成however/whoever/wherever/whenever/whatever/whichever(无论多么/无论谁/无论哪里/无论何时/无论什么/无论哪个)等。但当whoever/ whichever/whatever引导名词性从句时，它们不能换成no matter who/ which/ what。

No matter who asks him for help, he is always ready to help.

不管谁求助于他，他都乐于帮忙。(No matter who在此引导让步状语从句，可以换成Whoever)

He is a very determined man.No matter what problems he meets with, he never gives up.

他是一个意志非常坚定的人。他无论遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。(No matter what在此引导让步状语从句，可以换成Whatever)

Whatever you say is right.

你说什么都是对的。(Whatever在此引导名词性从句，不可以换成No matter what)

③however 是副词，修饰形容词、副词； whatever 是代词，修饰的是名词。

However difficult it is, you must work it out.

不管有多难，你都要解决这件事。

Whatever difficulty there is, we must work together.

不管有什么样的困难我们都要团结合作。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①One can always manage to do more things, no matter _______ full his schedule is.

②I am firmly convinced (深信) that no matter ________ chances arrive, we are able to seize them as long as we are well prepared.

③)No matter ________ you lose in life, don’t lose faith or hope.

完成句子

④__________________________________，he will be punished.

无论谁违反法律，他都将受到惩罚。

⑤___________________________________，I will let you know.

无论我发生什么事情，我都会让你知道。

4.As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language；从句是As China plays a greater role in global affairs。

(2)play a role in(在……中)担任角色；在……中起作用。

He played an important role in the film.

他在这部电影中扮演一个重要角色。

Television seems to play a big role in all their lives.

电视好像在他们的生活中起着很重要的作用。

【思维拓展】

play a part in(在……中)扮演一个角色，参与；(在……中)起作用

play the part/role of...扮演……角色

(3)句中as 引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，还可意为“当……时，一边……(一边……)”，强调主从句动作相伴发生。

He always sings as he walks.

他总是边走边唱。

As time went by, I was made smaller.

随着时间的推移，我被制造得更加小巧。

【思维拓展】

as 作连词引导从句的用法：

①引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。

②引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……的方式；像；如同”。

③引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，从句须部分倒装，如果提前的是名词，其前不要不定冠词。

④引导时间状语从句，意为“一边……(一边……)；随着”，强调主从句动作同时发生。

⑤引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...和not so/as...as...结构中。

Poor as he is, he is generous.

虽然他很穷，但他很慷慨。

A miss is as good as a mile.

失之毫厘，谬以千里。

【即学即练】

单句语法填空

①Farming plays an important role ______ the country’s economy.

②They sang songs ______ they were doing farm work.

③He played the role ______ a successful lawyer in the play.

④______ he grew older，he became less active.

⑤Do in Rome ______ the Romans do.

参考答案：

词汇：

1. natives　   of      to
2. to/towards　  playing       to have a positive attitude to/towards life
   
3. in      based     on       base      base
   
4. of     variety     vary　
5.  in　 the majority of      in a/the majority
   
6. of       by means of　   By no means
   
7. regards      as        in/with　
8. 性格     角色     特色        文字　
   
9. hearing      it
   

词组：

1. for    as
   
2. to　；提及     指的是      有关；适用于     查阅　   把……称作是
   
3. to      dates　  out      up      dating　
   
4. led to Tom being  punished     leads to Beijing    led to    leading a bad life
   
5. This was a time when
   
6. how     when      what；Whoever/No matter who breaks the law　；Whatever/No matter what happens to me
   
7.  in    as     of      As       as