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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters完美版ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters完美版ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了Shock等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Natural Disasters自然灾害 （均可数）
trnad龙卷风；旋风
drught旱灾；久旱
landslide崩塌；滑坡
vlcanic eruptin火山喷发
hurricane飓风
pl: trnads / trnades [z]
2. trnad[tɔːˈneɪdəʊ]n.龙卷风；旋风
1. disaster[dɪˈzɑːstə(r)] n.灾难；灾害； 彻底失败的人或物
an air disaster The whle thing is a ttal disaster.
整件事情就是彻头彻底的灾难。
3. drught [draʊt] n.旱灾；久旱
dry adj.干燥的；干旱的
有记载以来最严重的旱灾之一
_____ _____ the wrst __________ n ________
nef drughts recrd
dry a.干燥的——drught n.干旱high a.高的 ——height n.高度see vt.看见 ——sight n.视野think vi.想 ——thught n.想法
5. slide vi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动 slide - slid - slid
4. landslide landfall n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 The heavy rain caused the landslide.
6. tsunami[tsuːˈnɑːmi]n.海啸Large earthquakes can cause pwerful tsunamis.
We slid n the ice. 我们在冰上滑行。The dr slid pen. 门慢慢开了。She slid the dr pen 她滑开了门。slide int (使)滑入; 溜进The thief slid int the rm. She slid ut while n ne was lking.
The manager has received a fld f cmplaints.v 淹没，大量涌入，（使）充满fld in/int 大量涌入Telephne calls ____________frm all ver the cuntry.be flded with 挤满，拥满The ffice was flded with applicatins fr jb.
7. fld [flʌd] n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
fld damagea fld f = a number f
vlcan [vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ] n.火山 pl: vlcanes / vlcans [z]
8. vlcanic eruptin [vɒlˈkænɪk ɪ'rʌpʃ(ə)n] 火山喷发
eruptin [ɪ'rʌpʃ(ə)n]n.爆发
vlcanic [vɒlˈkænɪk] adj.火山的
active vlcanextinct vlcan
erupt[ɪˈrʌpt] v.爆发；喷发
他就像一座火山随时爆发。He ___ like ___ __________ ready ____ ________.
isa vcaln t erupt
The typhn will land tmrrw mrning.
9. typhn [taɪˈfuːn] n.台风
10. hurricane [ˈhʌrɪkən]n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
hurry[ˈhʌri]v./n. 匆忙
台风和飓风是同一种天气现象，但是在不同的国家叫法不一样。一般把在大西洋上生成的热带气旋，称作飓风，而把在太平洋上生成的热带气旋称作台风。
■ v 营救 t save sb / sth She was rescued frm a burning building. ■ n [U] & [C] 救援；营救：Sme f the rescue wrkers were trapped in the ruins.
11. rescue
rescue … frm… 把…从…营救出来 cme t ne’s rescue 营救某人
区分damage & destry & ruin
n&v 破坏，损害d / cause damage t 对…造成损害
12. damage
毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 ：The building was cmpletely destryed by fire.They've destryed all the evidence.
13. destry vt
destructin n. 摧毁; 毁灭destructive adj. 引起破坏的; 破坏性的
14. ruin v 毁坏 n 废墟；遗迹；残余
The bad weather ruinedur trip. My new shes gt ruinedin the mud. The crps were ruinedby the heavy rain. Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins. The huse has fallen int ruins. In less than ne minute, a large city lay in ruins.
(lay) in ruins 成为废墟;严重受损; 破败不堪; ruin neself 毁了自己ruin ne’s hpe / health / plan/ reputatin 毁掉/破坏某人的希望/健康/计划/声誉等
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分 damage, destry 和 ruin。◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和 badly、seriusly 等副词搭配；◆ destry 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和 cmpletely、entirely 等副词搭配；◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
趣味记忆：头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destry）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall. 2. The building was cmpletely ______________ by fire.3. It pured with rain and my dress gt ______________. 4. This illness has _____________ my life.5. The hmeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
damage, destry, ruin
15. evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt / vt. vi. 疏散；撤出 撤离
Almst 88,000 peple have been evacuated frm the area. The building is n fire. Evacuate all the peple immediately.
16. death n. 死; 死亡
die v. 死; 枯竭; 消失dead adj. 死亡的; 无生命的dying adj. 临终的; 垂死的deadly adj. 致命的; 彻底的; 极度的 a deadly disease adv. 极其; 非常
starve t death 饿死be sentenced t death 被判死刑
区分affect & effect
影响 t influence sb / sth：（基本义）Almst everyne by secnd-hand smke.使感染；侵袭If a disease affect smene, it causes them t becme ill.3.使感动；打动She was deeply affected by the stry.
17. affect vt
= be mved/impressed
is affected
be affected by 被…打动; 被…侵袭be affected with… 感染…疾病
affectin n. 喜爱
18. effect n. 结果；效应；作用；影响Glbal warming is having an effect n hundreds f animal species (种类) arund the wrld. 2012 四川These measures that were put int effect last year just start t take effect.
have an effect/influence/impact nmake a difference t
side effects 副作用
effective adj. 有效的; 生效的 efficient adj. 效率高的
affect / effectaffect（动词） 影响某人 / 某事 effect（名词）作用；影响
Des televisin children’s behaviur? Des televisin children’s behaviur?
have an effect n
19. shelter n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护 vt. 保护; 掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
shelter frm the rain/strm 躲雨 under the shelter f 在…的庇护下 shelter/prtect/prevent sb. 保护……免受……
Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed. 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。Peple were running fr the shelter frm the strm. 人们跑着找地方躲避暴风雨。Perhaps I sheltered my daughter t much. 也许我对女儿保护过度了。Sme parents want t shelter their children frm any harm.
20. crack /kræk/ n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使) 裂开
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. This cup has a crack in it. The glass will crack if yu pur ht water int it.
21. shck vt. (使) 震惊 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克; 电击
(1) Dn’t tuch that wire r yu’ll get a shck.(2) He lked at me in shck and culdn’t believe what had happened.(2）令他的粉丝震惊的是，这位运动员在奥运会中没有赢得金牌。他的失败也使他自己大为震惊。T his fans’ shck，the athlete didn’t win a gld medal in the Olympic Games. His failure was a great shck t himself，t.
adj.令人震惊的 adj.震惊的，惊讶的
对……吃惊 做某事很吃惊 对某人来说是极大的震惊 震惊地；吃惊地 令某人吃惊的是
be shcked at/by sth.
be shcked t d sth.
a great shck t sb.
t ne’s shck
22.electricity n. 电；电能
electric [ɪˈlektrɪk] adj.电动的an electric light/guitar electrical [ɪˈlektrɪk(ə)l] adj.与电相关的;用电的an electrical engineer electrical equipment 电器设备electrnic [ɪlekˈtrɔnɪk] adj.电子的an electrnic calculatr
23.trap vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套 n. 险境; 陷阱
A muse was caught in a trap. The thick smke and flames trapped peple upstairs.Sme f the wrkers were trapped in the ruins. They trapped her int marrying their sn.
set a trap (fr sb./sth.) 设圈套fall int a trap 落入圈套be trapped in 陷入; 被困在trap sb int (ding)sth 诱骗某人(做)某事
24. bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬
He died at the age f 80 and was buried in his hmeland. 他80岁去世了，被安葬在他的家乡。I was lking fr my handbag, which was buried under a pile f ld newspapers. 我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。She had learnt t bury her feelings. 她已经学会了感情不外露。
bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬
My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper.= My father was buried in his newspaper. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。Buried in my bk, I didn't realize it was raining.我专心致志地看书，没注意到下雨了。He sat at a wden table，burying himself in reading English articles.他坐在一个木桌子旁，专心致志地读英语文章。
bury neself in (ding) = be buried in ding sth 埋头于; 专心于; 沉浸于bury ne’s feelings 隐藏感情; 感情不外露bury face/head in ne’s hands 双手掩面/抱头burial n. 埋葬，葬礼
25. breathe v. 呼吸
Slwly, the city began t breathe again. It's gd fr the health t breathe deeply. Mst peple dn't realize that they are breathing plluted air. Yu can see peple's breath n a cld day. She tk a deep breath. By mile 17, I became ut f breath and the nce injured ankle hurt badly. (2018北京) I paused t catch my breath and then psitined myself t take the best pht f this panrama(全景).(2017天津)
breathe/breath
breathe in/ut 吸入/呼出 hld ne’s breath 屏住呼吸 ut f breath 气喘吁吁; 上气不接下气 catch ne's breath 恢复呼吸 take a deep breath 深吸一口气
breath /ˈbreθ/ n.气息；呼吸；一口气呼吸breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
26. revive vt.&vi. 复活;(使)复苏 revival n. 复活；复兴
Tangshan began t revive itself and get up n its feet again. They managed t revive the injured driver at last. The flwers sn revived in water. The ecnmy is beginning t revive. What d yu think helped in the revival f Tangshan city?Wrld trade is shwing signs f revival. Jazz is enjying a revival.
27. effrt n.努力；尽力；艰难的尝试
Yu shuld put mre effrts int yur wrk. All my effrts ended in failure. A winner is ne with a great effrt f will. (2018北京)S I made an effrt t be n time when I meet my friends. He was in an effrt t cntrl himself. Dear fellw students, let's start right nw and spare n effrt t d a little bit every day, every hur, and every minute!
不遗余力做某事 努力做某事 尽全力做某事 为了做成某事；努力做某事 共同努力 毫不费力
spare n effrt(s) t d sth.
make effrts/an effrt t d sth.
make every effrt/all effrts t d sth.
in an effrt t d sth.
with jint effrts
withut effrt
effrtless adj. 不费力气的; 应付自如地
28. unify vi.&vt. 统一;(使)成一体
The new leader hpes t unify the cuntry. 新领袖希望把国家统一起来。
29. wisdm n. 智慧;才智
A man f great wisdm ften appears slw. wise /waɪz/ adj. 明智的;有智慧的 She is a wise wman. 她是一个智慧的女性。I'm wiser after ten years in the business.
30. suffer vt. 遭受; 蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
Within a few days she had becme seriusly ill and suffered great pain. 几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍。The cmpany suffered heavy lsses last year. 公司去年出现巨额亏损。They suffered terribly when their sn was killed. 儿子遇难之后，他们悲痛欲绝。At least he died suddenly and didn't suffer. 起码他死得很突然，没遭受痛苦。
He suffered frm pr eyesight and culd n lnger read prperly. 他视力不好，再也不能正常阅读了。He appears t be strng and healthy , but he suffers frm heart disease. 他看上去强健, 其实他患有心脏病。This new cancer treatment ffers hpe t many sufferers. 这新的癌症治疗法给许多病人带来希望。A man wh fears suffering is already suffering frm what he fears. 害怕承受痛苦的人，他已经在承受害怕本身所带来的痛苦了。
suffer frm 受…之苦；患…病suffer pain/damage/lss/failure 遭受痛苦/破坏/损失/失败
suffering n.疼痛; 痛苦; 折磨; 苦难sufferer n. 受苦者；受难者；患病者
31. supply n. 供应(量); 补给; 补给品 vt. 供应; 供给
Our water supply has been cut ff. Bks were in shrt supply. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth.t sb. 向某人提供某物 Russia supplies the Eurpean cuntries with natural gas. Russia supplies natural gas t the Eurpean cuntries. 俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。
supplier n. 供应商; 供应者
区分supply, prvide, ffer
supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品 supply sth t sb=supply sb with sth The butcher supplies us with meat.prvide 指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“供给、提供” prvide sth fr sb / prvide sb with sth The Red Crss prvides fd and shelter fr disaster victims. The prject is designed t prvide yung peple with wrk.ffer 侧重表示“愿意给予” ffer sb sth=ffer sth.t sb. / ffer t d sth They decided t ffer the jb t J. =They decided t ffer Je the jb. He ffered t g instead f me.
32. survive vt.幸存于 vi.生存；存活
She's feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake Many birds didn't survive the cld winter. She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。 Of the six peple injured in the crash, nly tw survived. I can't survive n £40 a week. 一星期40 英镑，我无法维持生活。 Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins. I think life is a struggle fr survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。 If cancers are fund early there's a high chance f survival. 如果癌症在早期发现的话，存活的几率会很高。
survive n 依靠……生存 survive sb. by ... 比某人多活
survivr /sə'vaɪvə/ n. 幸存者；生还者 survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n.存活；幸存
I will d everything in my pwer t help yu.After the accident she lst the pwer f speech.Every strm is an example f the pwer f nature.Mre than fame r frtune, she wanted pwer.The party came t pwer at the last electin. He made the mistake f underestimating the pwer f the media.nuclear/wind/slar pwer pwer statin a pwer failure/cut wrld pwersvt 驱动，推动The aircraft is pwered by a jet engine（喷气发动机）.
能力；力量；权力；控制力；影响力；能量；电；有影响力的大国
pwerful adj.pwerless adj.
34. tap /tæp/ vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头;轻叩
turn n／ff the tapDn't leave the tap running. He felt a tap n his shulder and turned rund. Smene is tapping at the dr.tap sb n the shulderI tap my feet and sing alng with him.
35. pipe/paɪp/ n.管子；管道；烟斗
piper n. 管道工ht and cld water pipes Super Mari is a famus piper. In the city, the water pipes in sme buildings cracked and burst.
36. whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
The crwd whistled as the player came nt the field. 那队员上场时，人群吹起了口哨。The kettle began t whistle. 烧水壶呜呜地响了起来。He listened t the whistle f a train.他听着火车呼啸而过。He scred the winning gal just befre the final whistle. 他就在终场哨声前打进了制胜的一球。
37. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
emergency rm/exit 急诊室/紧急出口Call an emergency number. We must keep as cl as a cucumber in an emergency.This dr shuld nly be used in an emergency.
38. calm adj. 镇定的,沉着的 vt. 使平静,使镇定 vi.平静,镇定 保持镇定
adj.The weather was fine and the lake was calm.If yu find yurself in danger, first f all, stay／keep calm.vt & viThe deep, gentle vice helped calm the nervus girl. --2020天津I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed dwn.When he gets upset, he will take a few deep breaths t calm himself a strm cmes a calm. calmly adv.
It's a ht and _______ day. I'd rather stay at hme than g ut. 天气炎热无风，我宁可待在家里也不想出门。In an emergency, she is always _________. 在紧急关头，她通常很冷静。The street is ________ at midnight. 深夜的街道非常安静。The girl is _________ and ppular. 这个女孩很文静，很受欢迎。The man is very strange and __________. 这个男人非常奇怪，而且少言寡语。When asked abut the accident, he stayed __________. 当被问起这起事故时，他保持了沉默。The ________ butterflies lk like flwers. 那些静止的蝴蝶看起来像花朵。I like t sit in frnt f the dr and verlk the ________ lake. 我喜欢坐在门前，远眺平静的湖面。
39. aid /eɪd/ n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.&vt. (frmal) 帮助;援助
d／give／ffer first aid 实施急救with the aid f 在…的帮助下in aid f 为了帮助 t sb’s aid 帮助某人ecnmic/emergency aid 经济/紧急援助He succeeded with the aid f a new methd he discvered. 借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。T aid the pr farmers, the gvernment prvided them with a lt f mney. 为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱
40. sweep /swi:p/ vt.&vi. 打扫; 清扫 ( swept, swept)
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除sweep up 打扫；清扫sweep the flr／dustTmb Sweeping DayFishermen, turists, htels, hmes, and cars were swept away by huge wave. Let's sweep away the brken glass.“Red envelpe” fever has swept the cuntry.
The peple n the bus waved and we waved back. The flags were waving in the breeze. Crwds lined the rute, waving flags and cheering.wave sb gdbye／wave gdbye t sbHuge waves were breaking n the shre.He refused us with a wave f her hand. a wave f panic/fear/guilta wave f prtest a crime wave 抗议的浪潮 犯罪潮
Nw fr ur emergency supplies, we wuld suggest always having n hand enugh water and fd fr three days.Several frmer teachers were n hand t tell stries abut the ld days. --2012天津
43. crash
The plates crashed t the flr.The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.She strmed ut f the rm and crashed the dr shut behind her.He crashed his car int a wall.The cmputers that we use at the mment are ld and slw, and they ften crash.
vt./vi. 碰撞;撞击；（系统）崩溃
crash n.
a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故；飞机失事We heard a huge crash and then silence.The tree fell with a great crash. Let me give yu sme tips fr fixing cmputer system crashes.
n. 撞车;碰撞; 碰撞声；（系统）崩溃
① Yesterday a typhn struck/hit the area.② The stne struck/hit her n the frehead. The children ran int the rad and was struck/hit by a car.③ The slutin struck/hit me immediately. It struck/hit me that we might have made the wrng decisin.④ She was practicing surfing when a shark struck.⑤ The church clck began t strike twelve.⑥ strike a match and light a candle⑦ We were struck by her kindness. What struck me mst was the enthusiasm f the lcal peple.
44. strike （strike - struck - struck / stricken）
给（某人）印象；让（某人）觉得...
stricken adj. 遭受... 的 受..之困的earthquake-stricken areas 震灾区pverty-stricken families 贫困地区
a strike by wrkers 工人罢工The wrkers will g n strike if the demands they put frward are turned dwn. an air strike 空袭
beat, hit, strike
beat 指用手或物等连续地打、敲击，如殴打或体罚，敲鼓、桌子等，还可指心脏跳动、打拍子和雨水的冲击。She was beating the dust ut f the carpet.Her heart was beating with jy.hit 表示瞬间的动作，强调打中或击中这一结果，或强调敲打、打击对象的某一点，只作及物动词用。He sht his arrw and hit the target.strike 指用力地“打击”,表短暂的动作,含有急速的或突然的一次性的殴打、打击或敲击,是普通用词;还可表示敲钟、报时。有时与hit通用，指灾难侵袭。He hit／struck her hard in the face. The car ran ut f cntrl and hit／struck a tree.
45. deliver
① We prmise t deliver free f charge within 48 hurs. Yu can have fd delivered t yu using fd delivery apps and sites. ②The president will deliver a speech abut the ecnmic develpment.③Lin Qiazhi had delivered ver 50, 000 babies in her lifetime. She was delivered f a healthy by.
vt.&vi.递送；传达；发表；接生
be delivered f a baby 分娩；生孩子
46. summary
Here's a summary f the day's news. 下面是今日新闻简报。In summary, this was a disappinting perfrmance. 总的来说，这场演出令人失望。in summary 总的来说summarise／summarize vt.sum up
A summary shuld be arund ne-third the length f the riginal text.The river is 300 miles in length. at lengthAt length, we began t understand what he wanted. 最终I set up an interview with her and we discussed her prject at length.详尽地She had always kept his family at arm's length. 她一直与他的家人保持一定距离。lengthen vt&vi (反 shrten)
Natural Disasters自然灾害 （均可数）
trnad龙卷风；旋风
drught旱灾；久旱
landslide崩塌；滑坡
vlcanic eruptin火山喷发
hurricane飓风
pl: trnads / trnades [z]
2. trnad[tɔːˈneɪdəʊ]n.龙卷风；旋风
1. disaster[dɪˈzɑːstə(r)] n.灾难；灾害； 彻底失败的人或物
an air disaster The whle thing is a ttal disaster.
整件事情就是彻头彻底的灾难。
3. drught [draʊt] n.旱灾；久旱
dry adj.干燥的；干旱的
有记载以来最严重的旱灾之一
_____ _____ the wrst __________ n ________
nef drughts recrd
dry a.干燥的——drught n.干旱high a.高的 ——height n.高度see vt.看见 ——sight n.视野think vi.想 ——thught n.想法
5. slide vi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动 slide - slid - slid
4. landslide landfall n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 The heavy rain caused the landslide.
6. tsunami[tsuːˈnɑːmi]n.海啸Large earthquakes can cause pwerful tsunamis.
We slid n the ice. 我们在冰上滑行。The dr slid pen. 门慢慢开了。She slid the dr pen 她滑开了门。slide int (使)滑入; 溜进The thief slid int the rm. She slid ut while n ne was lking.
The manager has received a fld f cmplaints.v 淹没，大量涌入，（使）充满fld in/int 大量涌入Telephne calls ____________frm all ver the cuntry.be flded with 挤满，拥满The ffice was flded with applicatins fr jb.
7. fld [flʌd] n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
fld damagea fld f = a number f
vlcan [vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ] n.火山 pl: vlcanes / vlcans [z]
8. vlcanic eruptin [vɒlˈkænɪk ɪ'rʌpʃ(ə)n] 火山喷发
eruptin [ɪ'rʌpʃ(ə)n]n.爆发
vlcanic [vɒlˈkænɪk] adj.火山的
active vlcanextinct vlcan
erupt[ɪˈrʌpt] v.爆发；喷发
他就像一座火山随时爆发。He ___ like ___ __________ ready ____ ________.
isa vcaln t erupt
The typhn will land tmrrw mrning.
9. typhn [taɪˈfuːn] n.台风
10. hurricane [ˈhʌrɪkən]n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
hurry[ˈhʌri]v./n. 匆忙
台风和飓风是同一种天气现象，但是在不同的国家叫法不一样。一般把在大西洋上生成的热带气旋，称作飓风，而把在太平洋上生成的热带气旋称作台风。
■ v 营救 t save sb / sth She was rescued frm a burning building. ■ n [U] & [C] 救援；营救：Sme f the rescue wrkers were trapped in the ruins.
11. rescue
rescue … frm… 把…从…营救出来 cme t ne’s rescue 营救某人
区分damage & destry & ruin
n&v 破坏，损害d / cause damage t 对…造成损害
12. damage
毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 ：The building was cmpletely destryed by fire.They've destryed all the evidence.
13. destry vt
destructin n. 摧毁; 毁灭destructive adj. 引起破坏的; 破坏性的
14. ruin v 毁坏 n 废墟；遗迹；残余
The bad weather ruinedur trip. My new shes gt ruinedin the mud. The crps were ruinedby the heavy rain. Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins. The huse has fallen int ruins. In less than ne minute, a large city lay in ruins.
(lay) in ruins 成为废墟;严重受损; 破败不堪; ruin neself 毁了自己ruin ne’s hpe / health / plan/ reputatin 毁掉/破坏某人的希望/健康/计划/声誉等
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分 damage, destry 和 ruin。◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和 badly、seriusly 等副词搭配；◆ destry 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和 cmpletely、entirely 等副词搭配；◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
趣味记忆：头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destry）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall. 2. The building was cmpletely ______________ by fire.3. It pured with rain and my dress gt ______________. 4. This illness has _____________ my life.5. The hmeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
damage, destry, ruin
15. evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt / vt. vi. 疏散；撤出 撤离
Almst 88,000 peple have been evacuated frm the area. The building is n fire. Evacuate all the peple immediately.
16. death n. 死; 死亡
die v. 死; 枯竭; 消失dead adj. 死亡的; 无生命的dying adj. 临终的; 垂死的deadly adj. 致命的; 彻底的; 极度的 a deadly disease adv. 极其; 非常
starve t death 饿死be sentenced t death 被判死刑
区分affect & effect
影响 t influence sb / sth：（基本义）Almst everyne by secnd-hand smke.使感染；侵袭If a disease affect smene, it causes them t becme ill.3.使感动；打动She was deeply affected by the stry.
17. affect vt
= be mved/impressed
is affected
be affected by 被…打动; 被…侵袭be affected with… 感染…疾病
affectin n. 喜爱
18. effect n. 结果；效应；作用；影响Glbal warming is having an effect n hundreds f animal species (种类) arund the wrld. 2012 四川These measures that were put int effect last year just start t take effect.
have an effect/influence/impact nmake a difference t
side effects 副作用
effective adj. 有效的; 生效的 efficient adj. 效率高的
affect / effectaffect（动词） 影响某人 / 某事 effect（名词）作用；影响
Des televisin children’s behaviur? Des televisin children’s behaviur?
have an effect n
19. shelter n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护 vt. 保护; 掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
shelter frm the rain/strm 躲雨 under the shelter f 在…的庇护下 shelter/prtect/prevent sb. 保护……免受……
Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed. 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。Peple were running fr the shelter frm the strm. 人们跑着找地方躲避暴风雨。Perhaps I sheltered my daughter t much. 也许我对女儿保护过度了。Sme parents want t shelter their children frm any harm.
20. crack /kræk/ n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使) 裂开
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. This cup has a crack in it. The glass will crack if yu pur ht water int it.
21. shck vt. (使) 震惊 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克; 电击
(1) Dn’t tuch that wire r yu’ll get a shck.(2) He lked at me in shck and culdn’t believe what had happened.(2）令他的粉丝震惊的是，这位运动员在奥运会中没有赢得金牌。他的失败也使他自己大为震惊。T his fans’ shck，the athlete didn’t win a gld medal in the Olympic Games. His failure was a great shck t himself，t.
adj.令人震惊的 adj.震惊的，惊讶的
对……吃惊 做某事很吃惊 对某人来说是极大的震惊 震惊地；吃惊地 令某人吃惊的是
be shcked at/by sth.
be shcked t d sth.
a great shck t sb.
t ne’s shck
22.electricity n. 电；电能
electric [ɪˈlektrɪk] adj.电动的an electric light/guitar electrical [ɪˈlektrɪk(ə)l] adj.与电相关的;用电的an electrical engineer electrical equipment 电器设备electrnic [ɪlekˈtrɔnɪk] adj.电子的an electrnic calculatr
23.trap vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套 n. 险境; 陷阱
A muse was caught in a trap. The thick smke and flames trapped peple upstairs.Sme f the wrkers were trapped in the ruins. They trapped her int marrying their sn.
set a trap (fr sb./sth.) 设圈套fall int a trap 落入圈套be trapped in 陷入; 被困在trap sb int (ding)sth 诱骗某人(做)某事
24. bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬
He died at the age f 80 and was buried in his hmeland. 他80岁去世了，被安葬在他的家乡。I was lking fr my handbag, which was buried under a pile f ld newspapers. 我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。She had learnt t bury her feelings. 她已经学会了感情不外露。
bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬
My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper.= My father was buried in his newspaper. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。Buried in my bk, I didn't realize it was raining.我专心致志地看书，没注意到下雨了。He sat at a wden table，burying himself in reading English articles.他坐在一个木桌子旁，专心致志地读英语文章。
bury neself in (ding) = be buried in ding sth 埋头于; 专心于; 沉浸于bury ne’s feelings 隐藏感情; 感情不外露bury face/head in ne’s hands 双手掩面/抱头burial n. 埋葬，葬礼
25. breathe v. 呼吸
Slwly, the city began t breathe again. It's gd fr the health t breathe deeply. Mst peple dn't realize that they are breathing plluted air. Yu can see peple's breath n a cld day. She tk a deep breath. By mile 17, I became ut f breath and the nce injured ankle hurt badly. (2018北京) I paused t catch my breath and then psitined myself t take the best pht f this panrama(全景).(2017天津)
breathe/breath
breathe in/ut 吸入/呼出 hld ne’s breath 屏住呼吸 ut f breath 气喘吁吁; 上气不接下气 catch ne's breath 恢复呼吸 take a deep breath 深吸一口气
breath /ˈbreθ/ n.气息；呼吸；一口气呼吸breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
26. revive vt.&vi. 复活;(使)复苏 revival n. 复活；复兴
Tangshan began t revive itself and get up n its feet again. They managed t revive the injured driver at last. The flwers sn revived in water. The ecnmy is beginning t revive. What d yu think helped in the revival f Tangshan city?Wrld trade is shwing signs f revival. Jazz is enjying a revival.
27. effrt n.努力；尽力；艰难的尝试
Yu shuld put mre effrts int yur wrk. All my effrts ended in failure. A winner is ne with a great effrt f will. (2018北京)S I made an effrt t be n time when I meet my friends. He was in an effrt t cntrl himself. Dear fellw students, let's start right nw and spare n effrt t d a little bit every day, every hur, and every minute!
不遗余力做某事 努力做某事 尽全力做某事 为了做成某事；努力做某事 共同努力 毫不费力
spare n effrt(s) t d sth.
make effrts/an effrt t d sth.
make every effrt/all effrts t d sth.
in an effrt t d sth.
with jint effrts
withut effrt
effrtless adj. 不费力气的; 应付自如地
28. unify vi.&vt. 统一;(使)成一体
The new leader hpes t unify the cuntry. 新领袖希望把国家统一起来。
29. wisdm n. 智慧;才智
A man f great wisdm ften appears slw. wise /waɪz/ adj. 明智的;有智慧的 She is a wise wman. 她是一个智慧的女性。I'm wiser after ten years in the business.
30. suffer vt. 遭受; 蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
Within a few days she had becme seriusly ill and suffered great pain. 几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍。The cmpany suffered heavy lsses last year. 公司去年出现巨额亏损。They suffered terribly when their sn was killed. 儿子遇难之后，他们悲痛欲绝。At least he died suddenly and didn't suffer. 起码他死得很突然，没遭受痛苦。
He suffered frm pr eyesight and culd n lnger read prperly. 他视力不好，再也不能正常阅读了。He appears t be strng and healthy , but he suffers frm heart disease. 他看上去强健, 其实他患有心脏病。This new cancer treatment ffers hpe t many sufferers. 这新的癌症治疗法给许多病人带来希望。A man wh fears suffering is already suffering frm what he fears. 害怕承受痛苦的人，他已经在承受害怕本身所带来的痛苦了。
suffer frm 受…之苦；患…病suffer pain/damage/lss/failure 遭受痛苦/破坏/损失/失败
suffering n.疼痛; 痛苦; 折磨; 苦难sufferer n. 受苦者；受难者；患病者
31. supply n. 供应(量); 补给; 补给品 vt. 供应; 供给
Our water supply has been cut ff. Bks were in shrt supply. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth.t sb. 向某人提供某物 Russia supplies the Eurpean cuntries with natural gas. Russia supplies natural gas t the Eurpean cuntries. 俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。
supplier n. 供应商; 供应者
区分supply, prvide, ffer
supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品 supply sth t sb=supply sb with sth The butcher supplies us with meat.prvide 指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“供给、提供” prvide sth fr sb / prvide sb with sth The Red Crss prvides fd and shelter fr disaster victims. The prject is designed t prvide yung peple with wrk.ffer 侧重表示“愿意给予” ffer sb sth=ffer sth.t sb. / ffer t d sth They decided t ffer the jb t J. =They decided t ffer Je the jb. He ffered t g instead f me.
32. survive vt.幸存于 vi.生存；存活
She's feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake Many birds didn't survive the cld winter. She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。 Of the six peple injured in the crash, nly tw survived. I can't survive n £40 a week. 一星期40 英镑，我无法维持生活。 Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins. I think life is a struggle fr survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。 If cancers are fund early there's a high chance f survival. 如果癌症在早期发现的话，存活的几率会很高。
survive n 依靠……生存 survive sb. by ... 比某人多活
survivr /sə'vaɪvə/ n. 幸存者；生还者 survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n.存活；幸存
I will d everything in my pwer t help yu.After the accident she lst the pwer f speech.Every strm is an example f the pwer f nature.Mre than fame r frtune, she wanted pwer.The party came t pwer at the last electin. He made the mistake f underestimating the pwer f the media.nuclear/wind/slar pwer pwer statin a pwer failure/cut wrld pwersvt 驱动，推动The aircraft is pwered by a jet engine（喷气发动机）.
能力；力量；权力；控制力；影响力；能量；电；有影响力的大国
pwerful adj.pwerless adj.
34. tap /tæp/ vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头;轻叩
turn n／ff the tapDn't leave the tap running. He felt a tap n his shulder and turned rund. Smene is tapping at the dr.tap sb n the shulderI tap my feet and sing alng with him.
35. pipe/paɪp/ n.管子；管道；烟斗
piper n. 管道工ht and cld water pipes Super Mari is a famus piper. In the city, the water pipes in sme buildings cracked and burst.
36. whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
The crwd whistled as the player came nt the field. 那队员上场时，人群吹起了口哨。The kettle began t whistle. 烧水壶呜呜地响了起来。He listened t the whistle f a train.他听着火车呼啸而过。He scred the winning gal just befre the final whistle. 他就在终场哨声前打进了制胜的一球。
37. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
emergency rm/exit 急诊室/紧急出口Call an emergency number. We must keep as cl as a cucumber in an emergency.This dr shuld nly be used in an emergency.
38. calm adj. 镇定的,沉着的 vt. 使平静,使镇定 vi.平静,镇定 保持镇定
adj.The weather was fine and the lake was calm.If yu find yurself in danger, first f all, stay／keep calm.vt & viThe deep, gentle vice helped calm the nervus girl. --2020天津I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed dwn.When he gets upset, he will take a few deep breaths t calm himself a strm cmes a calm. calmly adv.
It's a ht and _______ day. I'd rather stay at hme than g ut. 天气炎热无风，我宁可待在家里也不想出门。In an emergency, she is always _________. 在紧急关头，她通常很冷静。The street is ________ at midnight. 深夜的街道非常安静。The girl is _________ and ppular. 这个女孩很文静，很受欢迎。The man is very strange and __________. 这个男人非常奇怪，而且少言寡语。When asked abut the accident, he stayed __________. 当被问起这起事故时，他保持了沉默。The ________ butterflies lk like flwers. 那些静止的蝴蝶看起来像花朵。I like t sit in frnt f the dr and verlk the ________ lake. 我喜欢坐在门前，远眺平静的湖面。
39. aid /eɪd/ n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.&vt. (frmal) 帮助;援助
d／give／ffer first aid 实施急救with the aid f 在…的帮助下in aid f 为了帮助 t sb’s aid 帮助某人ecnmic/emergency aid 经济/紧急援助He succeeded with the aid f a new methd he discvered. 借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。T aid the pr farmers, the gvernment prvided them with a lt f mney. 为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱
40. sweep /swi:p/ vt.&vi. 打扫; 清扫 ( swept, swept)
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除sweep up 打扫；清扫sweep the flr／dustTmb Sweeping DayFishermen, turists, htels, hmes, and cars were swept away by huge wave. Let's sweep away the brken glass.“Red envelpe” fever has swept the cuntry.
The peple n the bus waved and we waved back. The flags were waving in the breeze. Crwds lined the rute, waving flags and cheering.wave sb gdbye／wave gdbye t sbHuge waves were breaking n the shre.He refused us with a wave f her hand. a wave f panic/fear/guilta wave f prtest a crime wave 抗议的浪潮 犯罪潮
Nw fr ur emergency supplies, we wuld suggest always having n hand enugh water and fd fr three days.Several frmer teachers were n hand t tell stries abut the ld days. --2012天津
43. crash
The plates crashed t the flr.The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.She strmed ut f the rm and crashed the dr shut behind her.He crashed his car int a wall.The cmputers that we use at the mment are ld and slw, and they ften crash.
vt./vi. 碰撞;撞击；（系统）崩溃
crash n.
a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故；飞机失事We heard a huge crash and then silence.The tree fell with a great crash. Let me give yu sme tips fr fixing cmputer system crashes.
n. 撞车;碰撞; 碰撞声；（系统）崩溃
① Yesterday a typhn struck/hit the area.② The stne struck/hit her n the frehead. The children ran int the rad and was struck/hit by a car.③ The slutin struck/hit me immediately. It struck/hit me that we might have made the wrng decisin.④ She was practicing surfing when a shark struck.⑤ The church clck began t strike twelve.⑥ strike a match and light a candle⑦ We were struck by her kindness. What struck me mst was the enthusiasm f the lcal peple.
44. strike （strike - struck - struck / stricken）
给（某人）印象；让（某人）觉得...
stricken adj. 遭受... 的 受..之困的earthquake-stricken areas 震灾区pverty-stricken families 贫困地区
a strike by wrkers 工人罢工The wrkers will g n strike if the demands they put frward are turned dwn. an air strike 空袭
beat, hit, strike
beat 指用手或物等连续地打、敲击，如殴打或体罚，敲鼓、桌子等，还可指心脏跳动、打拍子和雨水的冲击。She was beating the dust ut f the carpet.Her heart was beating with jy.hit 表示瞬间的动作，强调打中或击中这一结果，或强调敲打、打击对象的某一点，只作及物动词用。He sht his arrw and hit the target.strike 指用力地“打击”,表短暂的动作,含有急速的或突然的一次性的殴打、打击或敲击,是普通用词;还可表示敲钟、报时。有时与hit通用，指灾难侵袭。He hit／struck her hard in the face. The car ran ut f cntrl and hit／struck a tree.
45. deliver
① We prmise t deliver free f charge within 48 hurs. Yu can have fd delivered t yu using fd delivery apps and sites. ②The president will deliver a speech abut the ecnmic develpment.③Lin Qiazhi had delivered ver 50, 000 babies in her lifetime. She was delivered f a healthy by.
vt.&vi.递送；传达；发表；接生
be delivered f a baby 分娩；生孩子
46. summary
Here's a summary f the day's news. 下面是今日新闻简报。In summary, this was a disappinting perfrmance. 总的来说，这场演出令人失望。in summary 总的来说summarise／summarize vt.sum up
A summary shuld be arund ne-third the length f the riginal text.The river is 300 miles in length. at lengthAt length, we began t understand what he wanted. 最终I set up an interview with her and we discussed her prject at length.详尽地She had always kept his family at arm's length. 她一直与他的家人保持一定距离。lengthen vt&vi (反 shrten)
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