必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（上海专用，含听力MP3）

绝密★启用前

2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷03

上海地区专用

上海地区2022年高考英语题型为听力+笔试，题型分为四部分：听力理解（10个短对话+2篇小短文+1篇长对话）、语法词汇、阅读理解（1完型填空+3篇阅读+1篇六选四）、写作（1篇概要写作+4个翻译+1篇书面表达）。阅读理解题型，又可划分为细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、观点态度题、猜词题型五大类。也可根据文章体裁分为应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文和科技文等。

六选四类型题，根据高考《考试说明》，被表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。考生需要在语篇中把握文章发展脉络，理解作者内在的写作目的和情感态度。掌握文章大意，并积极获取信息，借助上下文的逻辑关系，对空格句做出正确的判断，将正确的选项填回原文。必须具备一定的策略与方法，做到外在句式一致，内在语义逻辑一致，同时敏锐得发掘语篇内部衔接线索，才能做好此题。

2022年上海地区的阅读理解选材围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题进行设题，涵盖旅游、人物故事、环保、经济、文学、科技、社会文化现象以及心理学等内容。2022年的整卷选题大概率在往年选材的基础上，围绕社会发展、务实事务、国家最新动态信息、热点话题等方面进行出题。

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to thequestion you have heard.

1．

A．Colleagues. B．Classmates.

C．Mother and son. D．Employer and employee.

2．

A．She is not feeling very well today.

B．She thinks that the weather is pleasant.

C．She has been staying up quite late recently.

D．She has been working hard for too long a time.

3．

A．Lucy is not happy with the ban on pet animals.

B．Lucy might as well send her dog to her relative.

C．Lucy won’t be able to keep a dog in the building.

D．Lucy should get rid of her pet as soon as possible.

4．

A．He is likely to help.

B．He has already asked for help.

C．He was the last one to use the computer.

D．He does not know a lot about computers.

5．

A．He will continue to work in the garden himself.

B．They should finish the work as soon as possible.

C．He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.

D．They can hire a gardener to do the work.

6．

A．They will raise the issue in their presentation.

B．They will find more relevant information for their work.

C．They will make use of whatever information is available.

D．They will put more efforts into preparing for the presentation.

7．

A．He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously.

B．He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it.

C．He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.

D．He doesn’t think high blood pressure is a problem for him.

8．

A．Dr. Johnson may not be a good choice.

B．Dr. Johnson’s waiting room is not tidy.

C．Dr. Johnson enjoys reading magazines.

D．Dr. Johnson is really a good dentist.

9．

A．It isn’t a good idea to buy the T-shirt.

B．The printing on her T-shirt has faded.

C．It isn’t in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.

D．She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.

10．

A．He has been bumping along for hours.

B．He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam.

C．He is involved in a serious accident.

D．He has got a sharp pain in the neck.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

11．

A．Many leaders are anxious about their team’s productivity.

B．Employees are happier when they work from home.

C．More and more people prefer to work at home now.

D．Working remotely improves employees’ productivity.

12．

A．4%. B．18%. C．38%. D．58%.

13．

A．It can strengthen their leadership. B．It can help them manage their time.

C．It can relieve them of some concern. D．It can cause them to set higher goals.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

14．

A．The importance of bees to agriculture.

B．The factors in causing the decline of bees.

C．The reasons for choosing a day for bees.

D．The ways to increase the diversity of bees.

15．

A．The change in their food forms. B．The disappearance of their homes.

C．The loss of some plants. D．The poor harvest in agriculture.

16．

A．Raising awareness of protecting bees. B．Keeping more people away from bees.

C．Inspiring more art works about bees. D．Encouraging professors to keep bees.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

17．

A．She asked classmates for advice. B．She made use of online courses.

C．She took some short university courses. D．She majored in film making.

18．

A．Because they are important but neglected.

B．Because she majors in environment at university.

C．Because they will definitely attract more followers.

D．Because she is dissatisfied with the previous videos.

19．

A．Guilty. B．Surprised.

C．Inspired. D．Disappointed.

20．

A．It’s advisable to keep a low key online.

B．A successful vlogger must be knowledgeable.

C．New ideas help arouse interest among viewers.

D．Updating frequency is the most important to keep viewers.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Everywhere I look outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. ____21____ connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.

People ____22____ （influence） to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people ____23____ （describe） their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time ____24____ （resist） the temptation of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.

The main goal of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see people ____25____ （trap）in a pathological （病态的） relationship with time-consuming technology,____26____ they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude（奴役）. I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence ____27____ uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.

What is a healthy use of technology devices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what we need to ask ____28____ if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology. Mae West is famous for the wisdom that “too much of a good thing is wonderful.” ____29____ it's time to discover today's overused technology.

Richard Fernandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that “we can be swept away by our technologies,” To break the grand digital connection, people must consider ______30______ life long ago could be fantastic without today's overused technology.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Coffee’s Climate CrisisHoward Schultz wants to know if I drink coffee. The Starbucks boss is sitting on a balcony __31__ the company’s leafy farm in the Costa Rican province of Alajuela, where I’m told the coffee — harvested and roasted on-site — is a must-try. Like more than 60% of Americans, I drink coffee at least once a day. The Costa Rican blend Schultz pours me has a special taste that mixes citrus and chocolate flavors.

But the future of my cup of Costa Rican Arabica is not __32__, Schultz says. After nearly four decades at Starbucks, he is leaving at the end of June, and in the role of executive chairman for almost 15 months, he has been looking past Starbucks’ day-to-day operations to its __33__ challenges and opportunities. Climate change __34__ high among them. As temperatures rise and droughts intensify, good coffee will become increasingly difficult to grow and expensive to buy. Since governments are reacting slowly to the problem, companies like Starbucks have stepped in to save themselves, reaching to the bottom of their supply chains to ensure reliable __35__ to their product. “Make no mistake,” Schultz tells me, “climate change is going to play a bigger role in affecting the __36__ and integrity of coffee.”

This farm, with its verdant vistas and a trickling waterfall, seems far __37__ from the rising sea levels, unbearable heat and destructive storms that __38__ climate change. But global warming is exactly why Starbucks bought the 600-acre plot in 2013, and why Schultz makes the 3,500-mile trip from Seattle a few times a year as he has done on this March day. The farm is Starbucks’ field laboratory into the __39__ posed to coffee by climate change and its testing facility for how it can adapt to the challenge. Schultz hopes that the research here will inform agricultural practices for millions of farmers across the globe, including the ones that supply the company. “We have to be in the soil, growing coffee, to understand firsthand how to fix the situation,” he says. Study after study has laid out the threat climate change poses to the coffee industry. Rising temperatures will bring drought, increase the range of diseases and kill large swaths of the insects that pollinate coffee plants. About half of the land around the world currently used to produce high-quality coffee could be __40__ by 2050, according to a recent study in the journal Climatic Change.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Fitness apps such as Strava can be useful tools for motivating you to start and stick to an exercise plan. But, according to a study at the National University of Ireland, Galway, these apps can make people become ___41___to exercise. The study, which observed 272 cyclists who use Strava, found that people who mainly use the tool to show off, ___42___, posting their exercise to receive praise, are more likely to develop an unhealthy desire and high stress levels.

It seems obvious that being able to track and share the tiniest details of your exercise may not always be a(n) ___43___thing. I had an eating disorder as a teenager and, for a very unhappy time, ___44___dominated my life. I weighed myself several times a day. I calculated everything from how many calories were in one bite of an apple to how many extra calories I would ___45___by exercising in cold weather. I used in-brain calculating technology to track all this. Had I had access to the health apps available now, it would have taken me much longer to ___46___– not only because these kinds of tools enable obsessive (强迫性的)behaviour, but because they ___47___and even glorify it.

We live in an age when you can never be too rich or too ___48___. Calorie-counting is now celebrated as a data-driven route to self-improvement. It is ___49___to spot the symptoms associated with eating disorders when everyone seems to get hooked on their fitness statistics. Also, because eating and exercise disorders are still associated with women, it is particularly easy for problematic behaviour among men to fly under the radar.

The negative connection between these technologies and wellbeing has received ____50____attention. Only a handful of studies hint at the dark side of these devices. A 2019 study of female Fitbit users by CNN, for instance, found that 59% felt as if their routines were ____51____by their device, while 30% said their Fitbit made them feel guilty. A 2015 study at Duke University found that tracking can reduce ____52____in the activity being quantified and make people do less of that activity when they are not measuring it. Going for a long bike ride can cease to be an enjoyment in itself but an achievement to ____53____about online.

Fitness apps themselves are not a bad thing. ____54____, as health-tracking technology becomes increasingly common – even kids use fitness apps – it is important to be aware that ____55____every aspect of our lives is not necessarily healthy.

41．A．accustomed B．addicted C．blind D．grateful

42．A．in practice B．above all C．for example D．in brief

43．A．annoying B．positive C．strange D．original

44．A．fantasy B．doubt C．exercise D．data

45．A．count B．drain C．burn D．exhaust

46．A．recover B．suffer C．adapt D．explore

47．A．advertise B．realize C．criticize D．normalize

48．A．strong B．fit C．young D．energetic

49．A．harder B．smarter C．more likely D．more beneficial

50．A．little B．special C．considerable D．immediate

51．A．guaranteed B．revealed C．damaged D．controlled

52．A．anxiety B．benefit C．pleasure D．significance

53．A．bring B．boast C．inquire D．hesitate

54．A．However B．Therefore C．Additionally D．Contrarily

55．A．assessing B．adjusting C．quantifying D．inspecting

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Dandelions

I remember as a young child bringing a bunch of brilliant yellow flowers to my mother. It didn’t matter that the stems felt sticky or that both my parents cursed the presence of these flowers in the lawn. I thought they were beautiful!

And there were so many of them! We spent hours picking the flowers and then popping the blossoms off with a snap of our fingers. But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never ran out. My father or brothers would chop off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) at least once a week, but that didn't stop these hardy wonders.

And for those flowers that escaped the honor of being hand-delivered to my mother or the sharp blades of the lawnmower, there was another level of existence. The soft roundness of a dandelion gone to seed caused endless laughter of delight as we unconsciously spread this flower across the yard.

As I worked in my garden last week, pulling unwanted weeds out of the space that would become a haven for tomatoes, corn, peas and sunflowers, I again marveled at the flower that some call a weed.

And I thought, if only I had the staying power of a dandelion. If only I could stretch my roots so deep and straight that something tugging on my stem couldn’t separate me completely from the source that feeds me life. If only I could come back to face the world with a bright, sunshiny face after someone has run me over with a lawnmower or worse, purposely attacked me in an attempt to destroy me. If only I could spread love and encouragement as freely and fully as this flower spreads seeds of itself.

The lawns at my parents' home are now beautiful green blankets. The only patches of color come from well-placed, well-controlled flowerbeds. Chemicals have managed to kill what human interference couldn’t. I hope you and I can be different. I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can't reach our souls. I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, criticism and competitiveness.

56．The author’s parents probably viewed the dandelions in the lawn as ________.

A．supplies of seeds B．beautiful wonders

C．unwanted weeds D．patches of colors

57．What does the author mean by “another level of existence” in paragraph 3?

A．The flowers were meant as a joyful gift to her mother.

B．The flowers evolved into a stronger species because of frequent mowing.

C．The flowers were tough enough to spread new lives themselves.

D．The flowers that some called a weed were difficult to pull out.

58．What can we learn from the article?

A．The author’s family enjoyed the dandelions as much as she did.

B．The author purposefully replaced some dandelions with crops.

C．The dandelions were never successfully removed from the lawn.

D．The author felt sorry but encouraged by the fate of the dandelions.

59．Through the article, the author mainly wants to ________.

A．share the inspirations she gained from the dandelions

B．arouse public awareness to pay close attention to the beauty in life

C．show the importance of planting dandelions

D．express the shame that only she saw the beauty of the dandelion

(B)

Not enough American students want to be engineers, mathematicians, or scientists. The federal government wants to change that. They are spending money to do it. The government will invest three billion dollars in the education of young Americans in science, technology, engineering and math. The four areas together are kown as STEM. Many jobs in the STEM fields will open in the coming years. The U.S. government’s investment aims to increase the number of Americans who can take those jobs. Yet girls appear far less interested in STEM subjects than boys. Only 25 percent of STEM students are girls. Debbie Sterling is an engineer. She invented a construction toy for girls. The name of the toy is "Goldie Blox." Ms. Sterling hopes Goldie Blox will help girls develop skills in space and shapes, which help engineers and builders to think about objects in three dimensions.

To interest girls, Sterling created the character "Goldie." Goldie does not care about beauty or clothes. Goldie tells stories, solves difficult problems and creates imaginary worlds.

Mia is a seven-year-old girl who likes science. In her room, she has no fashion dolls. Instead, she has a pegboard, wheels, blocks and an inventor’s journal to write her observations. Mia received a set of Goldie Blox from her grandmother. She learned to make machine with the blocks.

"When my grandmother first sent me the present, a spinning machine, I was really excited. I knew it had to do with engineering, so I grabbed the box and opened it. Then I went for more——I went to the website; I went on YouTube to find more videos. My mom asked me why I was just watching videos instead of building. I told her I didn’t have enough pieces. She got me the builder survival kit."

Experts say parents should do more than just buy toys to interest their girls in STEM subjects. They should also provide a good education. At school, girls should participate in projects that require teamwork and creative thinking.

Women in scientific and technical jobs are also working to encourage young women to explore STEM. One is Anu Tewary. She studied Applied Physics and worked for technology companies. After she had a daughter, she started Technovati Challenge. The challenge is an international competition for young women from 10 to 18 years old.

There is a good chance that soon, more young women using mobile phones will also be developing programs for them.

60．We can learn about STEM that________.

A．The U.S government will invest in STEM education.

B．The market of STEM will be highly competitive.

C．Girls like STEM better than boys.

D．Stem stands for science, technology, economy, and math.

61．Why does Mia like Goldie blox?

A．Because Goldie cares about beauty.

B．Because her grandmother first sent her the present.

C．Because Mia likes engineering.

D．Because there are videos to watch.

62．What should be done to help girls to be more interested in STEM?

A．Parents should buy more gifts for them.

B．Schools should be encouraged to set up courses about teamwork and creative thinking.

C．Women in STEM jobs should encourage them to join.

D．More mobile phone program should be developed for them.

(C)

Cuckoos don’t bother building their own nests—they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.

Cuckoos are often know as parasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn’t notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.

To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which we’re only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.

Fascinatingly, we’re actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.

Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What’s remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.

It speaks to just how thoroughly a species’ behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don’t want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.

63．This passage can be most likely found in a ________.

A．science survey B．nature magazine

C．zoo advertisement D．travel journal

64．What does the underlined word “parasite” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?

A．Animals that work together to raise young.

B．Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.

C．Animals that can adapt to changing environments.

D．Animals which live on or inside other host animals.

65．Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?

A．It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.

B．It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.

C．It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.

D．It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.

66．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A．Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.

B．Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.

C．Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.

D．It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock’s egg.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

When David Nurse turned 30, he wanted to find out how his biological age compared with his real one. He hoped that the ultra-healthy lifestyle he advocates to players had kept his own body young and healthy, too. ____67____ It is reported that his biological age seems to be 28 years. Two years later, he took another test. “I was down to 25, so that was great,” he said.

If you google “telomeres”, you are likely to find them described as an ageing clock. They are parts of DNA at the ends of each chromosome that become shorter every time a cell divides. ____68____ If you are a 60-year-old with telomeres as long as those of an average 50-year-old, your risk of death is equal to that of someone 10 years younger or so. So many people want this information, and many companies offer tests like the one Nurse took, together with various pills claimed to lengthen your telomeres and, in turn, your lifespan.

If only it were that simple. We’ve discovered that telomeres are an unreliable ageing clock, which raises questions about the effectiveness of ageing tests based on them. ____69____ In fact, long telomeres can even be bad news. Nevertheless, there are some surprising ways we can look after our telomeres. In1982, Elizabeth Blackburn at the UC, Berkeley, and Jack Szostak at Harvard Medical School worked out the puzzle of how chromosomes remain unchanged when cells divide. ____70____ The pair called these “telomeres”. Later, they discovered each time a cell divides, its telomeres become shorter, like the ticking of a biological clock.

These discoveries won Blackburn and Szostaka the Nobel prize in 2009. Hype soon followed and researchers began piling into the field. However, as we find out more about telomeres, the mythology that has built up around them is starting to break.

A．People all over the world are sparing no effort to lengthen their lifespan.

B．So he decided to take a test to assess the length of his telomeres.

C．We now know that telomere length is highly heritable.

D．They have repeating units of DNA at their ends that stop them from separating.

E．If this shortening happens slowly, it suggests that your body is wearing well.

F．The links between telomere length and lifestyle choices aren’t as straightforward as we thought.

IV. Summary Writing

71．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Does Kilimanjaro Still Have Its Beauty?

Kilimanjaro is a watershed (分水岭)between Tanzania and Kenya. It is a volcano and a snowy mountain. Surrounded by mountain forests, Kilimanjaro is home to numerous mammals, some of which are endangered. Kilimanjaro was established as a national park in 1968 and was added to the World Heritage List in 1981. In the Tanzanians’ mind, Kilimanjaro is not just a bright mountain, and it is also an interesting mountain. Kilimanjaro is a world-famous tourist resort with the world's explorers and mountain enthusiasts gathering there.

Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m wondering about the place-other destinations are described as purer natural experiences.

However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.

The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends suddenly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes—low clouds envelope the mountainsides covered with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (砾石)，stones and rocks. Finally, you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72．上海的街头已经出现了那么多共享单车，还有必要自己买一辆吗？（spring, bother）(汉译英)

73．北京冬奥会开幕式恰逢立春，张艺谋将倒计时环节和二十四节气（solar term）合二为一，着实让观众们眼前一亮。（fall on）（汉译英）

74．尽管冰箱没修好，妈妈还是付了师傅50快，毕竟他大老远跑一趟.（Although）（汉译英）

75．亚洲杯后，中国男足落得个人人嘲笑的下场.（reduce）（汉译英）

VI. Guided Writing

76．Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

“It’s more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.”

对这个观点，你是同意还是不同意？请结合实际，写一篇短文阐述你的看法。

内容可包括：

•你在这个问题上的立场；

•你选择这个立场的原因；

•通过具体事例或实际生活经历分析或证明你的观点。