资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩8页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（北京专用）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（北京专用）
展开
这是一份必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（北京专用），文件包含必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷北京专用解析版docx、必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷北京专用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
绝密★启用前
2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷03
北京地区专用
北京属于自主命题地区，2022年统考英语听说考试与笔试分离，实行计算机考试，一年两次考试，取听说最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。英语听说考试共计50分，英语科目总成绩满分150分。第一次考试将于2021年12月11日进行，第二次考试将于2022年3月19日进行。笔试部分题型：完形填空（10小题，满分15分）+ 短文填空（三篇短文10小题，满分15分）+阅读理解（四篇短文14小题，满分28分）+七选五（5小题，满分10分）+ 阅读回答问题（4小题，满分12分）+书面表达（1小题，满分20分）
本套试卷完形填空（是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一架急于运输严重患病的女孩的飞机，因为机场跑道灯熄灭无法着陆，附近的居民立刻开车来帮助，打开车前灯帮助飞机安全着陆的故事。短文填空（A篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬奥会闭幕式；B篇是是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国女航天员王亚平；C篇是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了北京冬奥会期间习近平主席给摩纳哥王子赠送奥运吉祥物“冰墩墩”的故事）。阅读理解（A篇是是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了长城马拉松比赛；B篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍冰崩会发出大量的次声波；C篇是一篇说明文。介绍了在网上申请信用卡时应该了解的事情；D篇是议论文。文章讨论了电子设备对孩子们的影响）。七选五是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了治疗肥胖方法。阅读表达是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今可以用于作弊的应用程序。书面表达是应用文。
（满分100分；考试时间：90分钟）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
It was 11:30 at night in the Wesleyan village. Daisy and her sister were relaxing at home when she heard sounds from a small airplane circling the nearby airport.
She knew any time a plane flied over that late, something was ____1____. Daisy and her sister leaped out of the bed, ran to the window, and saw the problem: The airport’s runway ____2____ were out.
Daisy threw on some clothes, jumped into her car, and ____3____ it to the airport, where she found a local pilot trying to turn on the lights, but in vain. Meanwhile, she learned it was a helicopter there to transport a ____4____ ill local girl to the nearest hospital. The pilot was very ____5____.
Daisy had a plan. Driving her car to the end of the runway, she ____6____ her headlights for the plane to follow. But it wasn’t enough. More light was needed, so she called every neighbour in the village. To the pilot’s ____7____ , 20 vehicles arrived at the airport within 20 minutes. Many of the drivers were still in pajamas. The cars ____8____ up on one side of the runway.
The helicopter made its final approach and, ____9____ by the headlights, landed safely. The young patient was finally saved.
In a world filled with uncertainty, the little community’s positive activity was a big deal. Not so much for Daisy. She thought coming together was kind of a ______10______ deal.
1．A．decent B．wrong C．easy D．smooth
2．A．energy B．fire C．lights D．goods
3．A．speeded B．tripped C．slid D．struck
4．A．seriously B．hardly C．slightly D．casually
5．A．surprised B．confused C．worried D．embarrassed
6．A．rose B．shone C．adopted D．adjusted
7．A．sorrow B．panic C．satisfaction D．relief
8．A．showed B．sped C．turned D．lined
9．A．guided B．followed C．distributed D．displayed
10．A．challenging B．significant C．normal D．vital
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一架急于运输严重患病的女孩的飞机，因为机场跑道灯熄灭无法着陆，附近的居民立刻开车来帮助，打开车前灯帮助飞机安全着陆的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她知道只要飞机这么晚在天上盘旋，就出事了。A. decent像样的，正派的；B. wrong错误的；C. easy容易的；D. smooth光滑的。根据下文“The airport’s runway (跑道) lights were out(机场的跑道灯熄灭了)”可知，机场出了问题。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：机场的跑道灯熄灭了。A. energy能量；B. fire火；C. lights灯；D. goods东西。根据“she found a local pilot trying to turn on the lights by hand(她发现当地的一名飞行员正在试图用手打开灯)”可知，跑道的灯出问题了。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Daisy匆匆穿上衣服，跳进她的车，加速开到机场，在那里，她发现一名当地飞行员试图打开灯，但没有成功。A. speeded加速；B. tripped绊倒；C. slid溜，滑动；D. struck卡，粘。根据上文“Daisy threw on some clothes, jumped into her car(Daisy匆匆穿上衣服，跳进她的车)”可知，Daisy看到出事了，行事匆忙，故加速开到机场。故选A。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，她了解到这架直升飞机是要将一名严重患病的当地女孩送到最近的医院。A. seriously严肃地，严重地；B. hardly几乎不；C. slightly轻微，稍微；D. casually随意地。根据下文“20 vehicles arrived at the airport within 20 minutes. Many of the drivers were still in pajamas(20分钟内，20辆汽车达到了机场。许多司机还穿着睡衣)”可知，事态紧急，女孩生病严重。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：飞行员非常的担心。A. surprised惊讶的；B. confused困惑的；C. worried担心的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“if a person pushes the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just light up. Not this time(如果你按下按钮10到15次，灯就会亮起来。这次不是)”可知，这次与往常不同，灯始终不亮，无法着陆，故飞行员很担心。故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把车开到跑道的尽头，在跑道上用前灯照亮，让飞机跟着。A. rose站起，上升；B. shone闪耀；C. adopted采用，收养；D. adjusted调整，适应。根据上文“The airport’s runway (跑道) lights were out(机场的跑道灯熄灭了)”和下文“her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow(在跑道上用前灯照亮，让飞机跟着)”可知，为了让飞机能跟着，Daisy点亮了她的车头灯。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令飞行员宽慰的是，20分钟内，20辆汽车达到了机场。A. sorrow难过，悲伤；B. panic恐慌；C. satisfaction满意；D. relief宽慰。根据下文“20 vehicles arrived at the airport within 20 minutes(20分钟内，20辆汽车达到了机场)”可知，在飞行员担心的时候，20辆汽车达到了机场，帮助他，让他感到安心。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车在跑道的一侧排成一行。A. showed表明，展现；B. sped加速；C. turned转身；D. lined沿……成行。根据下文“on one side of the runway(在跑道的一侧)”可知，汽车都在跑道的一侧，排成一行。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直升飞机作了最后一次接近，在前灯的引导下安全着陆。A. guided引导；B. followed跟随；C. distributed打扰；D. displayed展现。根据上文“her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow(在跑道上用前灯照亮，让飞机跟着)”可知直升飞机需要灯的照亮，故有了许多汽车前灯的照明和引导，飞机安全着陆了。故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她觉得聚在一起是很正常的事。A. challenging挑战性的；B. significant重要的；C. normal正常的；D. vital重要的。根据上文“Within 20 minutes, cars arrived at the airport(20分钟内，汽车都达到了机场)”可知，20分钟内，许多车到达机场，许多司机来得匆忙，还穿着睡衣，说明村庄里的人乐于助人，故经常聚在一起帮助他人是一种很自然的事情。故选C。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的
空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Xu Mengtao, the flag-bearer for the Chinese delegation at the closing ceremony of 2022 Winter Olympics, has got multiple world championships. But her road ____11____ glory was not smooth, since it was accompanied by many injuries. It was her passion for sports, her persistence and determination that helped her continue and she finally ____12____ (win) the gold medal at her fourth Olympics. Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in ____13____ (they) pursuit of dreams.
【答案】
11．to 12．won 13．their
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬奥会闭幕式中国代表团旗手、奥运冠军徐梦涛是如何成功，以及她的成功的意义。
11．考查介词。句意：但她的荣耀之路并不平坦，因为它伴随着许多伤痛。结合句意表达“通往……的路”用road to。故填to。
12．考查时态。句意：正是她对运动的热情、毅力和决心帮助她继续前进，并最终在第四届奥运会上获得金牌。空处为and并列句的谓语动词，结合上文语境可知“获得”金牌发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填won。
13．考查代词。句意：她的成功超越了体育，激励运动员和普通人追求他们的梦想。修饰空后名词pursuit应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
B
Wang Yaping, the Chinese female astronaut onboard Shenzhou 13, entered the Tiangong space station, ___14___ name means Heavenly Palace, on October 16. She is the first female astronaut ___15___ (visit) China’s space station and carry out extravehicular activities. Born in Yantai, Wang became the second female astronaut in spaceflight. During this mission, Wang, as one of the crew ___16___ (member), will stay in orbit for six months, setting a new record for China’s manned space mission duration.
【答案】
14．whose 15．to visit 16．members
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国女航天员王亚平是第一位访问中国空间站并进行舱外活动的女航天员。同时，王亚平作为机组成员之一，将在轨停留六个月，创造中国载人航天执行任务持续时间最长的新纪录。
【详解】14.考查定语从句。句意：王亚平，神舟13号上的中国女航天员，于10月16日进入天宫空间站，空间站名字的意思是天上的宫殿。分析句子结构可知，“____name means Heavenly Palace,”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是space station(空间站)，在定语从句中作定语，应用whose来引导定语从句，故填whose。
15.考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一位访问中国空间站并进行舱外活动的女航天员。“The+序数词+名词+to do”是固定搭配，表示“第几个……做……”，其中to do做后置定语，修饰前面的名词，故填to visit。
16.考查可数名词单复数。句意：在这次任务中，王亚平作为机组成员之一，将在轨停留六个月，创造中国载人航天执行任务持续时间最长的新纪录。one of +可数名词复数，是固定用法，表示“……之一”，所以此处应用member(成员)的复数形式members，故填members。
阅读短文， 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
C
A chubby panda wearing an ice shell, the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics mascot Bing Dwen Dwen has become the breakout star of the Games, ____17____ (win) the hearts of athletes, politicians, the media and sports fans across the globe. Bing Dwen Dwen soft toys have become so popular that President Xi Jinping has offered Prince of Monaco Albert II a pair of the mascots as ____18____ (gift). On Saturday, the prince ____19____ (receive) a figurine of Bing Dwen Dwen at the Great Hall ofthe People in Beijing, and asked____20____ he could have a second one because he has twins, according to a China Central Television report.
【答案】
17．winning 18．Gifts 19． received 20．If/whether
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了北京冬奥会期间习近平主席给摩纳哥王子赠送奥运吉祥物“冰墩墩”的故事。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：胖乎乎的熊猫“冰墩墩”近日成为北京2022年冬奥会的明星，赢得了全球运动员、政治家、媒体和体育迷的心。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词become，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词win与主句主语之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词winning作结果状语。故填winning。
18．考查可数名词的数。句意：中国国家主席习近平向摩纳哥王子阿尔贝二世赠送了一对吉祥物“冰墩墩”作为礼物。由空前 a pair of the mascots可知，因为是一对吉祥物作为礼物，所以空处名词需用复数。故填gifts。
19．考查动词时态。句意：据中国中央电视台报道，上周六，摩纳哥王子在北京人民大会堂收到了一个冰墩墩的小雕像，并询问他是否可以再要一个，因为他有一对双胞胎。此处并列连词and连接两个并列的谓语动词，根据空后asked可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填received。
20．考查连词和宾语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”之意，所以空处需用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句。故填if/whether。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题2 分，共28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.
Itinerary
17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin
18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day
19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option
20 May 2023 Race Day
21 May 2023 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party
22 May 2023 Farewell China
※On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.
Rules & Regulations
Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.
The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.
If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.
Visa Information
6 — 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.
For more details, please visit us online at www.greatwallmarathon.com.
21．What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?
A．Enjoy the Fun Run. B．Join in a 3.5 km walk.
C．Get medical insurance. D．Attend a training course.
22．According to the rules, full marathon participants ______.
A．will receive a FNT on the result list B．can change distances on Race Day.
C．should be at least 12 years old D．will be awarded medals
23．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To advertise a sport event. B．To promote a cultural tour.
C．To introduce a marathon camp. D．To publicize a place of interest.
【答案】
21．B 22．B 23．A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了长城马拉松比赛，包括比赛的行程、规则和条例以及签证信息。
21．细节理解题。根据小标题Itinerary中的内容“All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course.（所有的参赛者都将在马拉松、半程马拉松和8.5公里的趣味跑中走完这段3.5公里长的城墙。）”可知，参加者在路线检查日会参加3.5公里的步行。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据小标题Rules & Regulations中第三段中的第一句“If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time.（如果你决定在比赛中改变距离，也就是说，如果一个半程马拉松选手决定沿着马拉松路线跑，他或她将收到一个证书，但不是官方的时间。）”可知，按照规定，全程马拉松参赛者可以在比赛的过程中改变距离。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.（长城马拉松的设计不仅仅是一场比赛。我们希望您能够在令人惊叹的地方跑步，周围都是友好的人，并接触到新的文化体验。这不仅仅是关于比赛，而是关于与家人、朋友和其他有跑步精神的人一起享受时光。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是宣传本次的马拉松比赛，吸引人报名参与。因此A项“为体育赛事做广告”符合。故选A项。
B
When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics.
Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.”
Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break— offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.
Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.
Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details.
24．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
A．Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.
B．Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.
C．Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.
D．Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.
25．Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar?
A．The combination with other relevant signals. B．The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.
C．The ability in picking up signals in wider areas., D．The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.
26．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to________.
A．distinguishing different components of a signal
B．detecting multiple avalanches at the same time
C．calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches
D．monitoring the specific location of ice break—offs
27．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．From Fire to Ice B．Glacier Whispers
C．Nature is Warning D．Secret of Ice Avalanches
【答案】
24．C 25．C 26．A 27．B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. （博伊西州立大学的地球物理学家Jeffrey Johnson说，之前的工作分析过雪崩的次声，但从未分析过冰的次声）”和第三段的“But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer.（但是冰川的崩塌——冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂——是大量次声的产生者）”和“As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.（随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌）”可知，从第二和第三段我们知道研究人员正试图利用次声探测冰崩。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain.（研究人员经常使用雷达来跟踪冰雪崩，这种方法精确但昂贵，而且只能监测一个特定的位置和邻近的雪崩路径。马尔凯蒂说，次声探测技术成本更低，可以探测到更广阔的区域附近的断裂事件，以及山脉上的多次雪崩）”可知，和雷达相比次声探测的优势是能接收更大范围内的信号。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，句中this应指代上文出现的内容。根据第四段的“It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. （然而，苏黎世联邦理工学院的冰川学家Malgorzata Chmiel说，在没有额外测量的情况下，将一个信号分解成它的组成部分(如交通噪音、单独的雪崩和附近的地震)是一项挑战）”推知，this指代“区分信号的成分”，即马尔凯蒂使用的模型是区分信号成分的初步近似（该模型能区分出信号的不同成分）。故选A。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics.（但这些振动是计算冰崩临界特性的关键）”和第三段的“But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer.（但是冰川的崩塌——冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂——是大量次声的产生者）”和“As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.（随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌）”可知，冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。故B项“冰川低语”可以作为本文标题，吸引读者。故选B。
C
What you should know when applying for a credit card online
Applying for a credit card online can be awful, as you may have heard all sorts of information and might not know what to believe. Consider these tips when applying for a credit card online.
Who can apply for a credit card online
Online credit card applications are open to US adult residents -in other words, people with a mailing address in the US who are over 18 and either have a Social Security Number (SSN) or Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN). Applicants under the age of 21 will need a co-signer or proof of income as part of the application process. While nearly anyone can apply for a credit card, note that credit card issuers evaluate applications based on many different factors and criteria. They are interested in getting a full picture of your financial health. Therefore, besides collecting your basic contact information, they will use your SSN to pull your credit report.
How to apply for a credit card online
Do your research. There are hundreds of different credit cards available with a variety of offers, fee structures and rewards programs. Chart your spending behaviors so you know which categories you spend most heavily in, and then shop around for the card that matches your credit profile and best fits your needs.
Follow internet security best practices. When you’re ready to apply, make sure both your web browser and operating system are up to date. Consider filling out the application on a mobile data connection or a safe, private network to prevent the risks of someone stealing your personal information. And if you have any doubt about the safety of an email from a card issuer, go directly to the issuer’s website rather than clicking on any links in the email.
28．What can show an applicant’s overall financial health?
A．The income proof. B．The SSN or ITIN.
C．The credit report. D．The co-signer.
29．Which of the following is recommended to decide the right type of credit card?
A．Changing its fee structures. B．Joining its rewards programs.
C．Charting your shopping habits. D．Improving your credit profile.
30．How can an applicant guarantee internet security?
A．By using a slower operating system. B．By using a mobile data connection.
C．By giving no personal information. D．By clicking on the links in an email.
【答案】
28．C 29．C 30．B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了在网上申请信用卡时应该了解的事情。
28．细节理解题。根据Who can apply for a credit card online下列段落中“They are interested in getting a full picture of your financial health. Therefore, besides collecting your basic contact information, they will use your SSN to pull your credit report.(他们想全面了解你的财务状况。因此，除了收集你的基本联系信息外，他们还会使用你的SSN来获取你的信用报告。)”可知，信用报告可以显示申请人的整体财务状况。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据How to apply for a credit card online下列段落中“Chart your spending behaviors so you know which categories you spend most heavily in, and then shop around for the card that matches your credit profile and best fits your needs. (把你的消费行为记录下来，这样你就能知道你在哪些方面花钱最多，然后货比三家，找到最符合你信用档案、最符合你需求的信用卡。)”可知，记录你的购物习惯可以帮助你选择合适的信用卡。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Consider filling out the application on a mobile data connection or a safe, private network to prevent the risks of someone stealing your personal information. (考虑在移动数据连接或安全的私人网络上填写申请，以防止有人窃取你的个人信息的风险。)”可知，申请人应使用移动数据连接来保证互联网安全。故选B项。
D
A new study of parental attitudes, Growing up Digital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.
Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other activities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many are concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their children’s mental and physical health.
Over the family dinner table, the most common argument is increasingly about use of mobile phones. Three-quarters of parents say it is hard to control their children’s use of their digital devices and two-thirds say the topic is a source of conflict in the home. Teachers are saying the same things about behaviour in classrooms.
While the digital world is not without its dangers and challenges, some experts warn parents against demonizing smartphones or social media.
The more extreme fears about the impact of the digital world on the current generation of children will likely sound as outdated in a few decades as when their great-grandparents inveighed against the evils of television or rock’n’ roll music.
Many previously sceptical parents have seen the positive human value of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic because it allowed their children to connect with friends and family through lockdowns and social distancing. Children could keep up their education remotely.
Rather than railing against the digital world, parents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.
Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that the online world can be creative and a source of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.
It is not possible to turn back time and stop children using their devices. Parents and teachers must help children get the best out of them.
31．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about digital devices?
A．Their target users B．Their wide popularity.
C．Their major functions. D．Their potential harm.
32．What effect would digital devices have on children?
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
33．What does the underlined word “demonizing” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Criticizing casually. B．Controlling completely.
C．Denying totally D．Ignoring purposefully.
34．What’s the author’s attitude to digital devices?
A．Objective. B．Critical.
C．Favorable. D．Intolerant
【答案】
31．D 32．B 33．C 34．A
【解析】
本文是议论文。文章讨论了电子设备对孩子们的影响，作者认为电子设备有积极的方面，不能完全否定，应该采取积极态度接受，并指导孩子们利用它。
31．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other activities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many are concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their children’s mental and physical health.( 家长们担心，盯着屏幕会妨碍孩子做其他活动，比如锻炼身体、在户外玩耍、有创造力或与朋友或家人联系的空闲时间。许多人担心网络欺凌的危险，以及社交媒体对孩子身心健康的影响。)”可推断，本段主要讲述数码设备的危害。故选D项。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“A new study of parental attitudes, Growing up Digital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.(新南威尔士大学冈斯基教育学院(UNSW Gonski Institute of Education)进行的一项关于父母态度的新研究——“数字化成长”(Growing up Digital)发现，83%的看护者、父母和祖父母认为他们的孩子被电子设备消极地分散了注意力。)”可知，数码设备扰乱孩子们的注意力。故选B项。
33．词义猜测题。While引导让步状语从句，上下文是转折关系，根据“While the digital world is not without its dangers and challenges(尽管数字世界并非没有危险和挑战)”可推断，数字世界虽然有一些危险和挑战，但是一些专家警告家长们不要妖魔化智能手机或社交媒体，故划线词与“Denying totally(完全否定)”意思相近。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Rather than railing against the digital world, parents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.( 父母们不应该抱怨数字世界，而应该想办法帮助孩子们充分利用电子设备。)”以及倒数第二段的“Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that the online world can be creative and a source of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.(父母应该告诉孩子如何更有效、更安全地使用电子设备。他们应该接受，网络世界可以是创造性的，也是灵感和关系的源泉。他们应该给孩子们积极的理由来限制他们的使用，而不是简单地告诉他们把手机收起来。)”可推断，作者对于电子设备的态度是客观的。故选A项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选
项中有两项为多余选项。
Rethinking Obesity(肥胖症)
In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more. This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. ____35____ So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked?
One possibility is that we haven’t tried hard enough. Perhaps we have lacked the discipline and willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits—a challenge made more difficult today for those surrounded by inexpensive, tasty highly processed foods.
____36____ In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. We argue that we are driven to overeat because we are getting fatter.
The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high. ____37____ A few hours after eating a high-carb meal, the number of calories in the blood stream falls suddenly, so we get hungrier sooner after eating.
The two opposing views of cause and effect in obesity have very different implications for how to prevent and treat weight problems. The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake. ____38____ Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones.
This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat. ____39____
Although much more research will be needed to test this idea, it is time to question the basic assumptions about cause and effect calories and weight gain that have controlled our thinking.
A．Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up.
B．In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat.
C．It is important to control the amount of food consumed by us.
D．Obesity is a disease that affects 650 million adults worldwide.
E．Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself.
F．Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢).
G．This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body.
【答案】
35．A 36．E 37．G 38．B 39．F
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过去治疗肥胖的饮食建议并不奏效，我们需要重新思考减肥的方法。
35．根据前句“This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. (这种治疗肥胖的饮食建议已经存在了几十年。)”和后句“So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked?(那么，为什么这种控制体重的方法不起作用呢?)”可知，控制体重的饮食建议并没有阻止肥胖率的上升。所以A“Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up.(然而，全球的肥胖率却在不断上升。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
36．根据后句“In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. (在最近的一篇论文中，我和我的同事对以下基本假设提出了质疑：摄入的热量是否真的比燃烧的热量多是肥胖的主要原因。)”可知，作者认为肥胖的主要原因可能是“热量平衡”问题本身引起的。所以E“Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself.(或许问题出在“热量平衡”本身。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
37．根据前句“The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high.(肥胖的关键在于胰岛素的处理，快速消化的碳水化合物会使我们的胰岛素水平过高。)”可知，后句陈述胰岛素水平过高所导致的结果。所以G“This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body(这会导致脂肪细胞吸收很多卡路里，留给身体其他部位的热量就少了。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
38．根据前句“The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake. (通常的方法关注的是吃多少，以及每日卡路里摄入量的处方。)”和后句“Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones.(高脂肪食物可能有助于消除体内脂肪，这一可能性得到了高脂肪饮食与低脂肪饮食对比临床试验的支持。)”可知，作者认为以前的方法是错误的，应该关注食物的选择上。所以B“In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat.(在我们看来，重点应该放在吃什么上。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
39．根据前文“This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat. (这种思维方式可能有助于解释为什么在一个肥胖的人接近理想体重之前，卡路里限制通常就失效了。低热量、低脂肪的饮食进一步限制了身体本已有限的能量供应，加剧了饥饿感，却没有解决身体脂肪中储存过多卡路里的潜在倾向。)”可知，过去减肥的思想并没有解决人体新陈代谢的问题。所以F“Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢).(减肥变成了思维和新陈代谢之间的战争。)”符合上下文语境。是对上文的总结。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共4 小题；第40、41 题各2 分，第42 题3 分，第43 题5 分，共12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Since there seems to be an app for everything, it may come as no surprise that there is an app for cheating. But it isn't just one app. It's hundreds of companies and apps that can be used to complete students' homework, and even exams
But what surprised me most as an educator playing this cat-and-mouse game for decades is that cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
Some companies offer monthly subscription formats, in which students pay $15 a month for round-the-clock access to resources including exam questions and homework "help". They also get on-demand access to many experts with advanced degrees in math, science and other subjects. These experts, available online 24/7, are the source of step-by-step answers.
As an unintended consequence of technology allowing remote learning and exams, students are finding more and more online venues allowing them to earn grades and diplomas(文凭) by cheating.
How do we limit this global supply chain of cheating?
The answer depends on the motivation behind the decision to cheat. Some students don't think of it as cheating, as they are paying a legit(合法的) company for the service; many feel pressured to get the grades and so justify the means. Many students who are cheating avoid academic consequences, as there are few technology solutions to capture original answers provided by experts, and plagiarism-catching software can't detect original work bought by these students.
However, in 2020, lawmakers in some countries made it illegal to arrange or advertise for sale certain cheating services such as paid essay writing. Did it have an effect? According to a study, many of the biggest and best-known essay mills are ending operations. But even then, fear of getting caught is probably not enough motivation to stop all cheating students. Thus, tackling this cheating requires a collective effort by educational institutions.
40．Why did the author feel shocked?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41．How do you understand the underlined part in Para. 6?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
•Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43． As a student, what do you think of online cheating?(In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
40．Because cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
41．They consider cheating in this way reasonable/acceptable.
42．—Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it. According to the passage, technology allowing remote learning and exams makes online cheating widespread.
43．In my opinion, everyone of us should not lying or cheating. Because being honest is a very important thing, especially to students. Besides, since honesty is also a necessary factor for the functioning of society, the authority should take some measures to avoid this behavior.
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今可以用于作弊的应用程序让作者感到震惊，说明了其产生的原因以及如何限制这种全球供应链的作弊行为。
40． 考查细节理解。根据第二段“But what surprised me most as an educator playing this cat-and-mouse game for decades is that cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.(但是，作为一个玩了几十年猫捉老鼠游戏的教育家，最让我惊讶的是，如今作弊正在全球范围内传播，而且受到了价值数十亿美元的公司的推动)”可知，作者感到震惊是因为欺诈现在在国际上蔓延，而且受到了价值数十亿美元的公司的推动。故答案为Because cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
41．考查词句猜测。根据画线部分上文“Some students don't think of it as cheating, as they are paying a legit company for the service; many feel pressured to get the grades and so”可知，一些学生并不认为这是作弊，因为他们是在向合法的公司支付服务费用，很多人都有取得成绩的压力，所以这种方法是合理的。画线部分意思是“他们认为以这种方式作弊是合理的”。故答案为They consider cheating in this way reasonable/acceptable.
42．考查推理判断。根据第四段“As an unintended consequence of technology allowing remote learning and exams, students are finding more and more online venues allowing them to earn grades and diplomas by cheating.”可知，随着技术的发展，远程学习和考试成为可能，学生们发现越来越多的在线场所允许他们通过作弊来获得成绩和文凭。故画线部分是“Students' academic pressure”，根据这篇文章，允许远程学习和考试的技术使得在线作弊变得普遍。故答案为Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it. According to the passage, technology allowing remote learning and exams makes online cheating widespread.
43．本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：作为一名学生，你如何看待网上作弊？可回答：在我看来，我们每个人都不应该说谎或欺骗。 因为诚实是一件非常重要的事情，尤其是对学生来说。 此外，由于诚实也是社会运作的必要因素，当局应该采取一些措施来避免这种行为。故答案为In my opinion, everyone of us should not lying or cheating. Because being honest is a very important thing, especially to students. Besides, since honesty is also a necessary factor for the functioning of society, the authority should take some measures to avoid this behavior.
第二节（20分）
假如你是李华，你将于下周参加校读书节 “Books and I” 的英语演讲比赛，请你结合你自身经历写一篇演讲稿。主要内容：
1.简单介绍你阅读经历（如：何时开始，喜欢阅读哪些书目，推荐你最喜欢的一篇读物等）；
2.阅读对你的影响。
注意：1.词数100个左右；
2.使用演讲稿的文体格式；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My dear fellows,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My dear fellows,
Good morning! My name is Li Hua. It is my great honor to share with you my reading experience.
I’ve been in love with reading since primary school. Reading is a necessity in my life. I read almost every day and have a wide range of book choices. Of them, I am most interested in science fictions. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favorite, which tells a story of a wonderful adventure under the sea.
I think that reading has a lot of positive effects on me, for it can broaden my horizon and improve my creativity.
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，介绍一下自己的读书经历，最喜欢的书籍以及阅读对自己的影响。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
几乎：almost → nearly
对……感兴趣：be interested in → be keen on
精彩的：wonderful → brilliant
拓宽：broaden→ widen
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’ve been in love with reading since primary school. Reading is a necessity in my life.
拓展句：I’ve been in love with reading since primary school, which is a necessity in my life.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favorite, which tells a story of a wonderful adventure under the sea.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I think that reading has a lot of positive effects on me for it can broaden my horizon and improve my creativity. （that引导的宾语从句）
绝密★启用前
2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷03
北京地区专用
北京属于自主命题地区，2022年统考英语听说考试与笔试分离，实行计算机考试，一年两次考试，取听说最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。英语听说考试共计50分，英语科目总成绩满分150分。第一次考试将于2021年12月11日进行，第二次考试将于2022年3月19日进行。笔试部分题型：完形填空（10小题，满分15分）+ 短文填空（三篇短文10小题，满分15分）+阅读理解（四篇短文14小题，满分28分）+七选五（5小题，满分10分）+ 阅读回答问题（4小题，满分12分）+书面表达（1小题，满分20分）
本套试卷完形填空（是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一架急于运输严重患病的女孩的飞机，因为机场跑道灯熄灭无法着陆，附近的居民立刻开车来帮助，打开车前灯帮助飞机安全着陆的故事。短文填空（A篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬奥会闭幕式；B篇是是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国女航天员王亚平；C篇是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了北京冬奥会期间习近平主席给摩纳哥王子赠送奥运吉祥物“冰墩墩”的故事）。阅读理解（A篇是是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了长城马拉松比赛；B篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍冰崩会发出大量的次声波；C篇是一篇说明文。介绍了在网上申请信用卡时应该了解的事情；D篇是议论文。文章讨论了电子设备对孩子们的影响）。七选五是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了治疗肥胖方法。阅读表达是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今可以用于作弊的应用程序。书面表达是应用文。
（满分100分；考试时间：90分钟）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
It was 11:30 at night in the Wesleyan village. Daisy and her sister were relaxing at home when she heard sounds from a small airplane circling the nearby airport.
She knew any time a plane flied over that late, something was ____1____. Daisy and her sister leaped out of the bed, ran to the window, and saw the problem: The airport’s runway ____2____ were out.
Daisy threw on some clothes, jumped into her car, and ____3____ it to the airport, where she found a local pilot trying to turn on the lights, but in vain. Meanwhile, she learned it was a helicopter there to transport a ____4____ ill local girl to the nearest hospital. The pilot was very ____5____.
Daisy had a plan. Driving her car to the end of the runway, she ____6____ her headlights for the plane to follow. But it wasn’t enough. More light was needed, so she called every neighbour in the village. To the pilot’s ____7____ , 20 vehicles arrived at the airport within 20 minutes. Many of the drivers were still in pajamas. The cars ____8____ up on one side of the runway.
The helicopter made its final approach and, ____9____ by the headlights, landed safely. The young patient was finally saved.
In a world filled with uncertainty, the little community’s positive activity was a big deal. Not so much for Daisy. She thought coming together was kind of a ______10______ deal.
1．A．decent B．wrong C．easy D．smooth
2．A．energy B．fire C．lights D．goods
3．A．speeded B．tripped C．slid D．struck
4．A．seriously B．hardly C．slightly D．casually
5．A．surprised B．confused C．worried D．embarrassed
6．A．rose B．shone C．adopted D．adjusted
7．A．sorrow B．panic C．satisfaction D．relief
8．A．showed B．sped C．turned D．lined
9．A．guided B．followed C．distributed D．displayed
10．A．challenging B．significant C．normal D．vital
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一架急于运输严重患病的女孩的飞机，因为机场跑道灯熄灭无法着陆，附近的居民立刻开车来帮助，打开车前灯帮助飞机安全着陆的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她知道只要飞机这么晚在天上盘旋，就出事了。A. decent像样的，正派的；B. wrong错误的；C. easy容易的；D. smooth光滑的。根据下文“The airport’s runway (跑道) lights were out(机场的跑道灯熄灭了)”可知，机场出了问题。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：机场的跑道灯熄灭了。A. energy能量；B. fire火；C. lights灯；D. goods东西。根据“she found a local pilot trying to turn on the lights by hand(她发现当地的一名飞行员正在试图用手打开灯)”可知，跑道的灯出问题了。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Daisy匆匆穿上衣服，跳进她的车，加速开到机场，在那里，她发现一名当地飞行员试图打开灯，但没有成功。A. speeded加速；B. tripped绊倒；C. slid溜，滑动；D. struck卡，粘。根据上文“Daisy threw on some clothes, jumped into her car(Daisy匆匆穿上衣服，跳进她的车)”可知，Daisy看到出事了，行事匆忙，故加速开到机场。故选A。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，她了解到这架直升飞机是要将一名严重患病的当地女孩送到最近的医院。A. seriously严肃地，严重地；B. hardly几乎不；C. slightly轻微，稍微；D. casually随意地。根据下文“20 vehicles arrived at the airport within 20 minutes. Many of the drivers were still in pajamas(20分钟内，20辆汽车达到了机场。许多司机还穿着睡衣)”可知，事态紧急，女孩生病严重。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：飞行员非常的担心。A. surprised惊讶的；B. confused困惑的；C. worried担心的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“if a person pushes the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just light up. Not this time(如果你按下按钮10到15次，灯就会亮起来。这次不是)”可知，这次与往常不同，灯始终不亮，无法着陆，故飞行员很担心。故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把车开到跑道的尽头，在跑道上用前灯照亮，让飞机跟着。A. rose站起，上升；B. shone闪耀；C. adopted采用，收养；D. adjusted调整，适应。根据上文“The airport’s runway (跑道) lights were out(机场的跑道灯熄灭了)”和下文“her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow(在跑道上用前灯照亮，让飞机跟着)”可知，为了让飞机能跟着，Daisy点亮了她的车头灯。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令飞行员宽慰的是，20分钟内，20辆汽车达到了机场。A. sorrow难过，悲伤；B. panic恐慌；C. satisfaction满意；D. relief宽慰。根据下文“20 vehicles arrived at the airport within 20 minutes(20分钟内，20辆汽车达到了机场)”可知，在飞行员担心的时候，20辆汽车达到了机场，帮助他，让他感到安心。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车在跑道的一侧排成一行。A. showed表明，展现；B. sped加速；C. turned转身；D. lined沿……成行。根据下文“on one side of the runway(在跑道的一侧)”可知，汽车都在跑道的一侧，排成一行。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直升飞机作了最后一次接近，在前灯的引导下安全着陆。A. guided引导；B. followed跟随；C. distributed打扰；D. displayed展现。根据上文“her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow(在跑道上用前灯照亮，让飞机跟着)”可知直升飞机需要灯的照亮，故有了许多汽车前灯的照明和引导，飞机安全着陆了。故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她觉得聚在一起是很正常的事。A. challenging挑战性的；B. significant重要的；C. normal正常的；D. vital重要的。根据上文“Within 20 minutes, cars arrived at the airport(20分钟内，汽车都达到了机场)”可知，20分钟内，许多车到达机场，许多司机来得匆忙，还穿着睡衣，说明村庄里的人乐于助人，故经常聚在一起帮助他人是一种很自然的事情。故选C。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的
空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Xu Mengtao, the flag-bearer for the Chinese delegation at the closing ceremony of 2022 Winter Olympics, has got multiple world championships. But her road ____11____ glory was not smooth, since it was accompanied by many injuries. It was her passion for sports, her persistence and determination that helped her continue and she finally ____12____ (win) the gold medal at her fourth Olympics. Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in ____13____ (they) pursuit of dreams.
【答案】
11．to 12．won 13．their
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬奥会闭幕式中国代表团旗手、奥运冠军徐梦涛是如何成功，以及她的成功的意义。
11．考查介词。句意：但她的荣耀之路并不平坦，因为它伴随着许多伤痛。结合句意表达“通往……的路”用road to。故填to。
12．考查时态。句意：正是她对运动的热情、毅力和决心帮助她继续前进，并最终在第四届奥运会上获得金牌。空处为and并列句的谓语动词，结合上文语境可知“获得”金牌发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填won。
13．考查代词。句意：她的成功超越了体育，激励运动员和普通人追求他们的梦想。修饰空后名词pursuit应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
B
Wang Yaping, the Chinese female astronaut onboard Shenzhou 13, entered the Tiangong space station, ___14___ name means Heavenly Palace, on October 16. She is the first female astronaut ___15___ (visit) China’s space station and carry out extravehicular activities. Born in Yantai, Wang became the second female astronaut in spaceflight. During this mission, Wang, as one of the crew ___16___ (member), will stay in orbit for six months, setting a new record for China’s manned space mission duration.
【答案】
14．whose 15．to visit 16．members
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国女航天员王亚平是第一位访问中国空间站并进行舱外活动的女航天员。同时，王亚平作为机组成员之一，将在轨停留六个月，创造中国载人航天执行任务持续时间最长的新纪录。
【详解】14.考查定语从句。句意：王亚平，神舟13号上的中国女航天员，于10月16日进入天宫空间站，空间站名字的意思是天上的宫殿。分析句子结构可知，“____name means Heavenly Palace,”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是space station(空间站)，在定语从句中作定语，应用whose来引导定语从句，故填whose。
15.考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一位访问中国空间站并进行舱外活动的女航天员。“The+序数词+名词+to do”是固定搭配，表示“第几个……做……”，其中to do做后置定语，修饰前面的名词，故填to visit。
16.考查可数名词单复数。句意：在这次任务中，王亚平作为机组成员之一，将在轨停留六个月，创造中国载人航天执行任务持续时间最长的新纪录。one of +可数名词复数，是固定用法，表示“……之一”，所以此处应用member(成员)的复数形式members，故填members。
阅读短文， 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
C
A chubby panda wearing an ice shell, the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics mascot Bing Dwen Dwen has become the breakout star of the Games, ____17____ (win) the hearts of athletes, politicians, the media and sports fans across the globe. Bing Dwen Dwen soft toys have become so popular that President Xi Jinping has offered Prince of Monaco Albert II a pair of the mascots as ____18____ (gift). On Saturday, the prince ____19____ (receive) a figurine of Bing Dwen Dwen at the Great Hall ofthe People in Beijing, and asked____20____ he could have a second one because he has twins, according to a China Central Television report.
【答案】
17．winning 18．Gifts 19． received 20．If/whether
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了北京冬奥会期间习近平主席给摩纳哥王子赠送奥运吉祥物“冰墩墩”的故事。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：胖乎乎的熊猫“冰墩墩”近日成为北京2022年冬奥会的明星，赢得了全球运动员、政治家、媒体和体育迷的心。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词become，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词win与主句主语之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词winning作结果状语。故填winning。
18．考查可数名词的数。句意：中国国家主席习近平向摩纳哥王子阿尔贝二世赠送了一对吉祥物“冰墩墩”作为礼物。由空前 a pair of the mascots可知，因为是一对吉祥物作为礼物，所以空处名词需用复数。故填gifts。
19．考查动词时态。句意：据中国中央电视台报道，上周六，摩纳哥王子在北京人民大会堂收到了一个冰墩墩的小雕像，并询问他是否可以再要一个，因为他有一对双胞胎。此处并列连词and连接两个并列的谓语动词，根据空后asked可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填received。
20．考查连词和宾语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”之意，所以空处需用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句。故填if/whether。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题2 分，共28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.
Itinerary
17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin
18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day
19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option
20 May 2023 Race Day
21 May 2023 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party
22 May 2023 Farewell China
※On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.
Rules & Regulations
Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.
The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.
If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.
Visa Information
6 — 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.
For more details, please visit us online at www.greatwallmarathon.com.
21．What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?
A．Enjoy the Fun Run. B．Join in a 3.5 km walk.
C．Get medical insurance. D．Attend a training course.
22．According to the rules, full marathon participants ______.
A．will receive a FNT on the result list B．can change distances on Race Day.
C．should be at least 12 years old D．will be awarded medals
23．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To advertise a sport event. B．To promote a cultural tour.
C．To introduce a marathon camp. D．To publicize a place of interest.
【答案】
21．B 22．B 23．A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了长城马拉松比赛，包括比赛的行程、规则和条例以及签证信息。
21．细节理解题。根据小标题Itinerary中的内容“All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course.（所有的参赛者都将在马拉松、半程马拉松和8.5公里的趣味跑中走完这段3.5公里长的城墙。）”可知，参加者在路线检查日会参加3.5公里的步行。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据小标题Rules & Regulations中第三段中的第一句“If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time.（如果你决定在比赛中改变距离，也就是说，如果一个半程马拉松选手决定沿着马拉松路线跑，他或她将收到一个证书，但不是官方的时间。）”可知，按照规定，全程马拉松参赛者可以在比赛的过程中改变距离。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.（长城马拉松的设计不仅仅是一场比赛。我们希望您能够在令人惊叹的地方跑步，周围都是友好的人，并接触到新的文化体验。这不仅仅是关于比赛，而是关于与家人、朋友和其他有跑步精神的人一起享受时光。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是宣传本次的马拉松比赛，吸引人报名参与。因此A项“为体育赛事做广告”符合。故选A项。
B
When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics.
Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.”
Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break— offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.
Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.
Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details.
24．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
A．Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.
B．Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.
C．Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.
D．Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.
25．Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar?
A．The combination with other relevant signals. B．The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.
C．The ability in picking up signals in wider areas., D．The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.
26．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to________.
A．distinguishing different components of a signal
B．detecting multiple avalanches at the same time
C．calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches
D．monitoring the specific location of ice break—offs
27．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．From Fire to Ice B．Glacier Whispers
C．Nature is Warning D．Secret of Ice Avalanches
【答案】
24．C 25．C 26．A 27．B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. （博伊西州立大学的地球物理学家Jeffrey Johnson说，之前的工作分析过雪崩的次声，但从未分析过冰的次声）”和第三段的“But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer.（但是冰川的崩塌——冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂——是大量次声的产生者）”和“As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.（随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌）”可知，从第二和第三段我们知道研究人员正试图利用次声探测冰崩。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain.（研究人员经常使用雷达来跟踪冰雪崩，这种方法精确但昂贵，而且只能监测一个特定的位置和邻近的雪崩路径。马尔凯蒂说，次声探测技术成本更低，可以探测到更广阔的区域附近的断裂事件，以及山脉上的多次雪崩）”可知，和雷达相比次声探测的优势是能接收更大范围内的信号。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，句中this应指代上文出现的内容。根据第四段的“It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. （然而，苏黎世联邦理工学院的冰川学家Malgorzata Chmiel说，在没有额外测量的情况下，将一个信号分解成它的组成部分(如交通噪音、单独的雪崩和附近的地震)是一项挑战）”推知，this指代“区分信号的成分”，即马尔凯蒂使用的模型是区分信号成分的初步近似（该模型能区分出信号的不同成分）。故选A。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics.（但这些振动是计算冰崩临界特性的关键）”和第三段的“But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer.（但是冰川的崩塌——冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂——是大量次声的产生者）”和“As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.（随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌）”可知，冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。故B项“冰川低语”可以作为本文标题，吸引读者。故选B。
C
What you should know when applying for a credit card online
Applying for a credit card online can be awful, as you may have heard all sorts of information and might not know what to believe. Consider these tips when applying for a credit card online.
Who can apply for a credit card online
Online credit card applications are open to US adult residents -in other words, people with a mailing address in the US who are over 18 and either have a Social Security Number (SSN) or Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN). Applicants under the age of 21 will need a co-signer or proof of income as part of the application process. While nearly anyone can apply for a credit card, note that credit card issuers evaluate applications based on many different factors and criteria. They are interested in getting a full picture of your financial health. Therefore, besides collecting your basic contact information, they will use your SSN to pull your credit report.
How to apply for a credit card online
Do your research. There are hundreds of different credit cards available with a variety of offers, fee structures and rewards programs. Chart your spending behaviors so you know which categories you spend most heavily in, and then shop around for the card that matches your credit profile and best fits your needs.
Follow internet security best practices. When you’re ready to apply, make sure both your web browser and operating system are up to date. Consider filling out the application on a mobile data connection or a safe, private network to prevent the risks of someone stealing your personal information. And if you have any doubt about the safety of an email from a card issuer, go directly to the issuer’s website rather than clicking on any links in the email.
28．What can show an applicant’s overall financial health?
A．The income proof. B．The SSN or ITIN.
C．The credit report. D．The co-signer.
29．Which of the following is recommended to decide the right type of credit card?
A．Changing its fee structures. B．Joining its rewards programs.
C．Charting your shopping habits. D．Improving your credit profile.
30．How can an applicant guarantee internet security?
A．By using a slower operating system. B．By using a mobile data connection.
C．By giving no personal information. D．By clicking on the links in an email.
【答案】
28．C 29．C 30．B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了在网上申请信用卡时应该了解的事情。
28．细节理解题。根据Who can apply for a credit card online下列段落中“They are interested in getting a full picture of your financial health. Therefore, besides collecting your basic contact information, they will use your SSN to pull your credit report.(他们想全面了解你的财务状况。因此，除了收集你的基本联系信息外，他们还会使用你的SSN来获取你的信用报告。)”可知，信用报告可以显示申请人的整体财务状况。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据How to apply for a credit card online下列段落中“Chart your spending behaviors so you know which categories you spend most heavily in, and then shop around for the card that matches your credit profile and best fits your needs. (把你的消费行为记录下来，这样你就能知道你在哪些方面花钱最多，然后货比三家，找到最符合你信用档案、最符合你需求的信用卡。)”可知，记录你的购物习惯可以帮助你选择合适的信用卡。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Consider filling out the application on a mobile data connection or a safe, private network to prevent the risks of someone stealing your personal information. (考虑在移动数据连接或安全的私人网络上填写申请，以防止有人窃取你的个人信息的风险。)”可知，申请人应使用移动数据连接来保证互联网安全。故选B项。
D
A new study of parental attitudes, Growing up Digital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.
Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other activities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many are concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their children’s mental and physical health.
Over the family dinner table, the most common argument is increasingly about use of mobile phones. Three-quarters of parents say it is hard to control their children’s use of their digital devices and two-thirds say the topic is a source of conflict in the home. Teachers are saying the same things about behaviour in classrooms.
While the digital world is not without its dangers and challenges, some experts warn parents against demonizing smartphones or social media.
The more extreme fears about the impact of the digital world on the current generation of children will likely sound as outdated in a few decades as when their great-grandparents inveighed against the evils of television or rock’n’ roll music.
Many previously sceptical parents have seen the positive human value of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic because it allowed their children to connect with friends and family through lockdowns and social distancing. Children could keep up their education remotely.
Rather than railing against the digital world, parents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.
Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that the online world can be creative and a source of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.
It is not possible to turn back time and stop children using their devices. Parents and teachers must help children get the best out of them.
31．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about digital devices?
A．Their target users B．Their wide popularity.
C．Their major functions. D．Their potential harm.
32．What effect would digital devices have on children?
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
33．What does the underlined word “demonizing” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Criticizing casually. B．Controlling completely.
C．Denying totally D．Ignoring purposefully.
34．What’s the author’s attitude to digital devices?
A．Objective. B．Critical.
C．Favorable. D．Intolerant
【答案】
31．D 32．B 33．C 34．A
【解析】
本文是议论文。文章讨论了电子设备对孩子们的影响，作者认为电子设备有积极的方面，不能完全否定，应该采取积极态度接受，并指导孩子们利用它。
31．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other activities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many are concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their children’s mental and physical health.( 家长们担心，盯着屏幕会妨碍孩子做其他活动，比如锻炼身体、在户外玩耍、有创造力或与朋友或家人联系的空闲时间。许多人担心网络欺凌的危险，以及社交媒体对孩子身心健康的影响。)”可推断，本段主要讲述数码设备的危害。故选D项。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“A new study of parental attitudes, Growing up Digital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.(新南威尔士大学冈斯基教育学院(UNSW Gonski Institute of Education)进行的一项关于父母态度的新研究——“数字化成长”(Growing up Digital)发现，83%的看护者、父母和祖父母认为他们的孩子被电子设备消极地分散了注意力。)”可知，数码设备扰乱孩子们的注意力。故选B项。
33．词义猜测题。While引导让步状语从句，上下文是转折关系，根据“While the digital world is not without its dangers and challenges(尽管数字世界并非没有危险和挑战)”可推断，数字世界虽然有一些危险和挑战，但是一些专家警告家长们不要妖魔化智能手机或社交媒体，故划线词与“Denying totally(完全否定)”意思相近。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Rather than railing against the digital world, parents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.( 父母们不应该抱怨数字世界，而应该想办法帮助孩子们充分利用电子设备。)”以及倒数第二段的“Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that the online world can be creative and a source of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.(父母应该告诉孩子如何更有效、更安全地使用电子设备。他们应该接受，网络世界可以是创造性的，也是灵感和关系的源泉。他们应该给孩子们积极的理由来限制他们的使用，而不是简单地告诉他们把手机收起来。)”可推断，作者对于电子设备的态度是客观的。故选A项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选
项中有两项为多余选项。
Rethinking Obesity(肥胖症)
In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more. This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. ____35____ So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked?
One possibility is that we haven’t tried hard enough. Perhaps we have lacked the discipline and willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits—a challenge made more difficult today for those surrounded by inexpensive, tasty highly processed foods.
____36____ In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. We argue that we are driven to overeat because we are getting fatter.
The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high. ____37____ A few hours after eating a high-carb meal, the number of calories in the blood stream falls suddenly, so we get hungrier sooner after eating.
The two opposing views of cause and effect in obesity have very different implications for how to prevent and treat weight problems. The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake. ____38____ Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones.
This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat. ____39____
Although much more research will be needed to test this idea, it is time to question the basic assumptions about cause and effect calories and weight gain that have controlled our thinking.
A．Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up.
B．In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat.
C．It is important to control the amount of food consumed by us.
D．Obesity is a disease that affects 650 million adults worldwide.
E．Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself.
F．Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢).
G．This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body.
【答案】
35．A 36．E 37．G 38．B 39．F
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过去治疗肥胖的饮食建议并不奏效，我们需要重新思考减肥的方法。
35．根据前句“This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. (这种治疗肥胖的饮食建议已经存在了几十年。)”和后句“So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked?(那么，为什么这种控制体重的方法不起作用呢?)”可知，控制体重的饮食建议并没有阻止肥胖率的上升。所以A“Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up.(然而，全球的肥胖率却在不断上升。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
36．根据后句“In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. (在最近的一篇论文中，我和我的同事对以下基本假设提出了质疑：摄入的热量是否真的比燃烧的热量多是肥胖的主要原因。)”可知，作者认为肥胖的主要原因可能是“热量平衡”问题本身引起的。所以E“Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself.(或许问题出在“热量平衡”本身。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
37．根据前句“The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high.(肥胖的关键在于胰岛素的处理，快速消化的碳水化合物会使我们的胰岛素水平过高。)”可知，后句陈述胰岛素水平过高所导致的结果。所以G“This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body(这会导致脂肪细胞吸收很多卡路里，留给身体其他部位的热量就少了。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
38．根据前句“The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake. (通常的方法关注的是吃多少，以及每日卡路里摄入量的处方。)”和后句“Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones.(高脂肪食物可能有助于消除体内脂肪，这一可能性得到了高脂肪饮食与低脂肪饮食对比临床试验的支持。)”可知，作者认为以前的方法是错误的，应该关注食物的选择上。所以B“In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat.(在我们看来，重点应该放在吃什么上。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
39．根据前文“This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat. (这种思维方式可能有助于解释为什么在一个肥胖的人接近理想体重之前，卡路里限制通常就失效了。低热量、低脂肪的饮食进一步限制了身体本已有限的能量供应，加剧了饥饿感，却没有解决身体脂肪中储存过多卡路里的潜在倾向。)”可知，过去减肥的思想并没有解决人体新陈代谢的问题。所以F“Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢).(减肥变成了思维和新陈代谢之间的战争。)”符合上下文语境。是对上文的总结。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共4 小题；第40、41 题各2 分，第42 题3 分，第43 题5 分，共12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Since there seems to be an app for everything, it may come as no surprise that there is an app for cheating. But it isn't just one app. It's hundreds of companies and apps that can be used to complete students' homework, and even exams
But what surprised me most as an educator playing this cat-and-mouse game for decades is that cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
Some companies offer monthly subscription formats, in which students pay $15 a month for round-the-clock access to resources including exam questions and homework "help". They also get on-demand access to many experts with advanced degrees in math, science and other subjects. These experts, available online 24/7, are the source of step-by-step answers.
As an unintended consequence of technology allowing remote learning and exams, students are finding more and more online venues allowing them to earn grades and diplomas(文凭) by cheating.
How do we limit this global supply chain of cheating?
The answer depends on the motivation behind the decision to cheat. Some students don't think of it as cheating, as they are paying a legit(合法的) company for the service; many feel pressured to get the grades and so justify the means. Many students who are cheating avoid academic consequences, as there are few technology solutions to capture original answers provided by experts, and plagiarism-catching software can't detect original work bought by these students.
However, in 2020, lawmakers in some countries made it illegal to arrange or advertise for sale certain cheating services such as paid essay writing. Did it have an effect? According to a study, many of the biggest and best-known essay mills are ending operations. But even then, fear of getting caught is probably not enough motivation to stop all cheating students. Thus, tackling this cheating requires a collective effort by educational institutions.
40．Why did the author feel shocked?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41．How do you understand the underlined part in Para. 6?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
•Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43． As a student, what do you think of online cheating?(In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
40．Because cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
41．They consider cheating in this way reasonable/acceptable.
42．—Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it. According to the passage, technology allowing remote learning and exams makes online cheating widespread.
43．In my opinion, everyone of us should not lying or cheating. Because being honest is a very important thing, especially to students. Besides, since honesty is also a necessary factor for the functioning of society, the authority should take some measures to avoid this behavior.
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今可以用于作弊的应用程序让作者感到震惊，说明了其产生的原因以及如何限制这种全球供应链的作弊行为。
40． 考查细节理解。根据第二段“But what surprised me most as an educator playing this cat-and-mouse game for decades is that cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.(但是，作为一个玩了几十年猫捉老鼠游戏的教育家，最让我惊讶的是，如今作弊正在全球范围内传播，而且受到了价值数十亿美元的公司的推动)”可知，作者感到震惊是因为欺诈现在在国际上蔓延，而且受到了价值数十亿美元的公司的推动。故答案为Because cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
41．考查词句猜测。根据画线部分上文“Some students don't think of it as cheating, as they are paying a legit company for the service; many feel pressured to get the grades and so”可知，一些学生并不认为这是作弊，因为他们是在向合法的公司支付服务费用，很多人都有取得成绩的压力，所以这种方法是合理的。画线部分意思是“他们认为以这种方式作弊是合理的”。故答案为They consider cheating in this way reasonable/acceptable.
42．考查推理判断。根据第四段“As an unintended consequence of technology allowing remote learning and exams, students are finding more and more online venues allowing them to earn grades and diplomas by cheating.”可知，随着技术的发展，远程学习和考试成为可能，学生们发现越来越多的在线场所允许他们通过作弊来获得成绩和文凭。故画线部分是“Students' academic pressure”，根据这篇文章，允许远程学习和考试的技术使得在线作弊变得普遍。故答案为Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it. According to the passage, technology allowing remote learning and exams makes online cheating widespread.
43．本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：作为一名学生，你如何看待网上作弊？可回答：在我看来，我们每个人都不应该说谎或欺骗。 因为诚实是一件非常重要的事情，尤其是对学生来说。 此外，由于诚实也是社会运作的必要因素，当局应该采取一些措施来避免这种行为。故答案为In my opinion, everyone of us should not lying or cheating. Because being honest is a very important thing, especially to students. Besides, since honesty is also a necessary factor for the functioning of society, the authority should take some measures to avoid this behavior.
第二节（20分）
假如你是李华，你将于下周参加校读书节 “Books and I” 的英语演讲比赛，请你结合你自身经历写一篇演讲稿。主要内容：
1.简单介绍你阅读经历（如：何时开始，喜欢阅读哪些书目，推荐你最喜欢的一篇读物等）；
2.阅读对你的影响。
注意：1.词数100个左右；
2.使用演讲稿的文体格式；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My dear fellows,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My dear fellows,
Good morning! My name is Li Hua. It is my great honor to share with you my reading experience.
I’ve been in love with reading since primary school. Reading is a necessity in my life. I read almost every day and have a wide range of book choices. Of them, I am most interested in science fictions. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favorite, which tells a story of a wonderful adventure under the sea.
I think that reading has a lot of positive effects on me, for it can broaden my horizon and improve my creativity.
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，介绍一下自己的读书经历，最喜欢的书籍以及阅读对自己的影响。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
几乎：almost → nearly
对……感兴趣：be interested in → be keen on
精彩的：wonderful → brilliant
拓宽：broaden→ widen
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’ve been in love with reading since primary school. Reading is a necessity in my life.
拓展句：I’ve been in love with reading since primary school, which is a necessity in my life.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favorite, which tells a story of a wonderful adventure under the sea.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I think that reading has a lot of positive effects on me for it can broaden my horizon and improve my creativity. （that引导的宾语从句）
相关试卷
必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（山东广东专用）： 这是一份必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（山东广东专用），文件包含必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷山东广东专用解析版docx、必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷山东广东专用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。
必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（上海专用，含听力MP3）： 这是一份必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（上海专用，含听力MP3），文件包含必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷上海专用解析版-a4a40361ca154da78d8474423e8f2c4cdocx、必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷上海专用原卷版-57703fb2d7044fe486365cb96b20beebdocx、听力mp3等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共46页， 欢迎下载使用。
必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（新高考地区专用）： 这是一份必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（新高考地区专用），文件包含必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷新高考地区专用解析版docx、必刷卷03-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷新高考地区专用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
