牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good习题

单元素养培优(四)Unit 4

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. Climate and weather affect all aspects(aspect) of our lives.

2. This invention made a major contribution(contribute) to road safety.

3. The job demands a high level of concentration(concentrate).

4. His greatest strengths(strength) are his determination and resilience.

5. The contents(content) of his bag spilled all over the floor.

6. An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement(achieve) for one so young.

7. They were only slightly(slight) injured in the crash.

8. If you’re feeling energetic(energy),  we could go out for a run.

9. The conference was extremely(extreme)badly organized.

10. You’ll soon learn how the office functions(function).

Ⅱ. 选词填空

under pressure,  concentrate on,  contribute to,  on a diet,  get into shape,  in the long term,  pass out,  in addition,  turn to,  live up to

1. I’m trying to concentrate on my work.  

2. The film has certainly lived up to my expectations.  

3. The Namibian government turned to South Africa for help.  

4. All our hard work will be worth it in the long term.  

5. I nearly passed out when I saw all the blood.  

6. The company provides cheap Internet access.  In addition,  it makes shareware freely available.  

7. Smoking contributed to his early death.  

8. I’m forever on a diet,  since I put on weight easily.  

9. Now that the deadline is approaching, we all feel under pressure.  

10. This year I made a resolution to lose weight and finally get into shape.  

Ⅲ. 根据提示把下列句子翻译成英语

1. 他一听说妻子病了, 就立刻回家了。(immediately)

He came home immediately when he heard his wife was ill.  

2. 减肥和养成健康的生活方式对你来说是非常重要的。(it is+adj. +that. . . )

It is important that you lose weight and develop a healthy lifestyle.   

3. 我太害怕了, 不敢告诉父母发生了什么事。(frightened)

I was too frightened to tell my parents what had happened.  

4. 大多数减肥者最后体重又增加了。(end up)

Most slimmers end up putting weight back on.  

5. 这位母亲整天担心女儿的安全。(be concerned about)

The mother is concerned about her daughter’s safety all day.  

Ⅳ. 阅读理解

A

(2021·濮阳高一检测)

A Guide to the University

Food

The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 a. m. to 8 p. m. It serves snacks,  drinks,  ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria,  you can use the tables to eat your lunch,  to have meetings and to study.

If you are on campus in the evening or late at night,  you can buy snacks,  fast food,  and drinks in the Lower Cafe located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts,  games or TV watching.

Relaxation

The Globe,  located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall,  is available for relaxing,  studying,  cooking,  and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 a. m. to 10 p. m. ,  closed on Sundays.

Health

Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall,  the Wellness Centre is committed to(致力于)physical,  emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9: 00 a. m. to noon and 1: 00 p. m.  to 4: 50 p. m.

Academic Support

All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here,  qualified volunteers will work with you on written work,  grammar,  vocabulary,  and other academic skills. This service is free.

【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了大学生进入大学以后要注意的饮食、放松、健康以及学术支持四方面的信息。

1. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?

A. Do homework and watch TV.

B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.

C. Have meals and meet with friends.

D. Add money to your ID and play chess.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句可知它提供零食、饮料、雪糕和饭。及最后一句可知即使你在餐厅不买食物, 你也可以使用桌子吃午饭, 会面和学习可推知在TWU餐厅, 可以吃饭并和朋友会面。故选C。

2. Where and when can you cook your own food?

A. The Globe, Friday.

B. The Lower Cafe, Sunday.

C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.

D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“The Globe,  located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall,  is available for relaxing,  studying,  cooking,  and eating. ”及“Hours are 10 a. m.  to 10 p. m. ,  closed on Sundays. ”可知, 可以周五去The Globe自己煮饭。故选A。

3. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ______.  

A. is open six days a week

B. offers services free of charge

C. trains students in medical care

D. gives advice on mental health

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知如果你有健康问题或需要立即的医疗帮助或个人建议, 医生和护士是可以帮助你的。故选D。

B

(2021·启东高一检测)

It is hard; it hurts—and yet more than two million of us in the UK run at least once a week.

Of course,  some people run to lose weight,  or to get fit,  and these are great reasons. Running is also easy to do; it’s cheap,  and you can do it when you want. All these factors certainly contribute to the fact that running is one of the most popular sports in the UK.

But for many of those two million runners,  the real reason we head out to beat the roads until our legs hurt is more intangible (无形的) than weight loss or fitness.

Many runners become interested in times. They try to break the 40-minute barrier for the 10K,  or run under four hours for the marathon. Yet,  really,  these times are almost meaningless. And as soon as they are achieved,  another target is thrown out almost immediately.

The times are only the carrots we put in front of ourselves. But why do we put them there in the first place?  Nobody ever gives a wise answer. Deep down,  we all know the answer.

Running brings us joy. Watch small children when they are excited,  at play,  and mostly they can’t stop running. There’s a great moment in The Catcher in the Rye when Holden Caulfield,  caught in the uneasy space between childhood and adulthood,  is walking across his school grounds one evening and he suddenly starts to run. “I don’t ever know what I was running for—I guess I just felt like it, ” he says.

This will to run is born. In fact,  humans may well have evolved (进化) the way we did because of our ability to run. As children,  and even adolescents,  we can respond to this natural call to run whenever the feeling takes us.

As we run,  we begin to sense that childish joy,  which is born to live a wilder existence. As we run,  the layers of responsibility and identity we have gathered in our lives,  father,  mother,  lawyer,  teacher,  all fall away,  leaving us with the raw human being.

If we push on,  running harder,  deeper into the loneliness,  further away from the world and the structure of our lives,  we begin to feel strangely excited,  separated yet at the same time connected,  to ourselves. With nothing but our own two legs moving us,  we begin to get a sense of who,  or what,  we really are. After a long run,  everything seems right in the world. Everything is at peace. To experience this is a powerful feeling,  strong enough to have us coming back,  again and again,  for more.

【文章大意】本文是议论文。文章通过英国众多的长跑者引出本文的主题, 跑步不仅能减肥, 保持健康, 更多的意义在于挑战自我、净化心灵, 给我们带来快乐、兴奋、平静。

4. Why does the author think setting time goals is almost meaningless?

A. Because those time goals can’t be achieved.

B. Because those time goals can be achieved easily.

C. Because people will be very proud once the time goals are achieved.

D. Because there will always be a new time goal once the former one is achieved.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段these times are almost meaningless. And as soon as they are achieved,  another target is thrown out almost immediately. 可知作者认为不断设立新目标几乎毫无意义, 因为一旦目标实现, 就会马上设立下一个新目标。故选D。

5. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude towards running?

A. Uncertain. 　　　B. Doubtful.

C. Supportive. 　  D. Puzzled.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。作者列举了人们跑步的原因, 介绍了跑步的好处。根据Running brings us joy. ; As we run, . . . ; After a long run,  everything seems right in the world. Everything is at peace. 可知作者认为跑步能给我们带来快乐、兴奋、平静, 让我们抛弃杂念, 变成纯粹的自己, 作者对跑步是支持的, 故选C。

6. What does the underlined word “this”in the last paragraph probably mean?

A. Breaking the 40-minute barrier for the 10K.

B. Running under four hours for the Marathon.

C. Feeling separated from the world after running.

D. Feeling everything is right after a long run.

【解析】选D。词义猜测题。本段介绍了跑步能给我们带来快乐、兴奋和平静。上文After a long run,  everything seems right in the world. Everything is at peace. 提到长跑之后, 世界上一切似乎都是对的。一切都很平静。所以句中To experience this中的this指的就是长跑之后的这种体验, 一切都对, 一切平静。故选D。

7. What may be the best title of this passage?

A. Running to Keep Fit

B. Running to Break Records

C. Running to Be the Real You

D. Running to Become an Adult

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章通过英国众多的长跑者引出本文的主题, 跑步不仅能减肥, 保持健康, 更多的意义在于挑战自我、净化心灵, 给我们带来快乐、兴奋、平静。Running to Be the Real You表达了跑步深层的意义, 适合作为标题, 故选C。

Ⅴ. 阅读填句

(2021•重庆高一检测)

A god had a horse. The horse was beautiful and also it had many good qualities(品质). 　1　 It especially wanted to become the most beautiful horse in the world.  

One day the horse said to the god,  “you have given me beauty. You have given me other good qualities. 　2　 But how I wish you could make me more beautiful!  I would be extremely,  extremely grateful if you could make me more beautiful. ” 

The god said,  “I am more than ready to make you more beautiful. 　3　”Then the horse said,  “My neck is too short. If you can make my neck a little longer,  my upper body will be more beautiful. And if you can make my legs much longer and thinner,  then I will look more beautiful in my lower body. ” 

Then immediately the god made a camel appear in place of the horse. The horse was so sad that it started to cry,  “Oh,  no,  I do not want to become a camel. 　4　 As a horse,  everybody enjoyed my good qualities. Nobody will like me as a camel. ” 

The god said,  “ this is exactly what you asked for. You have become a camel. 　5　 If you cry for a longer neck and legs,  this is what will happen. Each thing in my creation has its own good qualities. The camel is not as beautiful as you are,  but it carries heavy loads and has a greater sense of duty. ” 

A. I am so grateful to you.

B. Why not remain a horse?

C. I wish you to change me into a horse again.

D. Tell me in what way you want to be changed.

E. But it wanted to be more perfect in every way.

F. Never try to receive more than I have given you.

G. I am glad to know that you feel good with yourself now.

【文章大意】本文为一篇寓言故事。文章讲述马要求上帝帮助它改变自己, 变成世界上最美丽的马, 结果上帝按它的要求把它变成了一头骆驼的故事。

1. 【解析】选E。根据上文, 这匹马很美已经有很多优点以及下文特别是它想把自己变成世界上最美的马, 可以看出它整天想着自己能够更完美。故选E。

2. 【解析】选A。根据上文, 上帝已经给予了马这么多以及下文I would be extremely,  extremely grateful if you could make me more beautiful. 可知马应该感激上帝。故选A。

3. 【解析】选D。上帝说: “我很乐意让你变得更美丽”, 下文马提出了自己的几个部位需要变得更完美。故选D。

4. 【解析】选C。根据上文提示“Oh,  no,  I do not want to become a camel. 我不想变成骆驼”, 可知我希望你再把我变成一匹马, 故选C。

5. 【解析】选F。根据Each thing in my creation has its own good qualities. 可知, 不要奢求更多。故选F。

Ⅵ. 完形填空

A little boy invited his mother to attend his school’s first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boy’s 　1　,  she said she would go. This would be the first time that his classmates and teacher 　2　 his mother and he felt ashamed of her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman,  there was a severe scar(疤痕)that 　3　 nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to 　4　 why or how she got the scar.  

At the meeting,  the people were 　5　by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother in spite of (尽管) the 　6　,  but the little boy was still embarrassed(尴尬的)and hid himself from everyone. He did,  however,  get within 　7　 of a talk between his mother and his teacher.  

The teacher asked　8　 , “How did you get the scar on your face? ” 

The mother replied,  “When my son was a baby,  he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was 　9　 afraid to go in because the fire was 　10　,  so I went in. As I was running toward his bed,  I saw a long piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked senseless but luckily,  a fireman came in and saved 　11　 of us. ” She touched the burned side of her face. “This scar will be 　12　,  but to this day,  I have never 　13　what I did. ” 

At this point,  the little boy came out running towards his mother with 　14　 in his eyes. He held her in his arms and felt a great sense of the sacrifice(牺牲)that his mother had made for him. He held her hand 　15　for the rest of the day.  

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了小男孩所在学校要开家长会, 因为妈妈脸上有一块小男孩认为很丑的疤痕, 而不愿让妈妈参加。但当小男孩得知妈妈的疤痕是为救自己而留下的。小男孩很惭愧。从此文中我们感受到了母爱的伟大。

1. A. enjoyment　B. disappointment

C. surprise   D. excitement

【解析】选B。 她说她会去, 这使小男孩很失望。孩子邀请妈妈去参加家长会, 但因妈妈脸上的伤疤而心中不希望妈妈前去参加。妈妈居然答应参加, 孩子感到与自己心中的愿望相反, 故而感到失望。

2. A. noticed　　B. greeted　C. accepted　D. met

【解析】选D。 根据常识可以判断出, 妈妈去参加家长会自然会见到老师和同学。

3. A. included  B. passed

C. covered   D. shaded

【解析】选C。根据后文的叙述, 妈妈脸上的伤疤是由下落的木头砸伤的, 且妈妈被砸昏了, 应是大面积的伤疤。故选covered, 表示覆盖。

4. A. talk about B. think about

C. come about  D. hear about

【解析】选A。 从下文可知, 这个孩子对妈妈脸上的伤疤是怎样产生的毫不知情, 孩子从来不去问, 因为他不想谈相关的事。

5. A. impressed  B. surprised

C. excited    D. comforted

【解析】选A。 由“kindness and natural beauty of his mother”可知, 在家长会上, 妈妈的友善和自然的美给人们留下了很好的印象。be impressed by“对……印象深刻”。

6. A. humor B. face  C. body D. scar

【解析】选D。 由上文“there was a severe scar”可知, 尽管有疤痕, 但妈妈的友善和自然的美给人们留下了很好的印象。

7. A. understanding B. reminding

C. hearing    D. learning

【解析】选C。 孩子躲躲藏藏, 但心中一定想知道老师和同学对妈妈有何评价, 所以还是凑近了, 因而听到了妈妈和老师的对话, 既然是对话, 应是听到。

8. A. carefully  B. seriously

C. nervously  D. anxiously

【解析】选A。 老师要询问妈妈脸上的伤疤是怎样产生的, 这不是一个轻松愉快的话题, 所以老师表示出慎重与小心, 以免伤害到妈妈的自尊心。

9. A. so B. much C. quite D. too

【解析】选D。每个人都因害怕而不敢进屋去救孩子, too. . . to. . . “太……而不……”。

10. A. out of control B. under control

C. in control   D. over control

【解析】选A。 由“Everyone was ______afraid to go in”可知, 大火失去了控制, 所以大家都不敢进去。 

11. A. either B. neither  C. both  D. all

【解析】选C。 消防员救了小男孩的妈妈和小男孩, 所以是两个人, 表示两者都。

12. A. long  B. lasting C. beautiful D. ugly

【解析】选B。根据常识可以判断出, 伤疤会永远留在身体的某个部位。

13. A. forgot B. recognized

C. considered D. regretted

【解析】选D。 母亲因救孩子而受伤, 但却不后悔。

14. A. anger B. tears C. smile D. failure

【解析】选B。 这时, 小男孩走了出来, 满含热泪奔向他的母亲。孩子受感动, 眼含热泪拥抱妈妈。

15. A. actually  B. slowly

C. tightly   D. suddenly

【解析】选C。 这天剩下的时间, 他都紧紧地握住他妈妈的手。孩子紧紧抓住妈妈的手, 不再躲藏, 不再感到羞愧, 以示爱和感谢。

Ⅶ. 语法填空

(2021·开封高一检测)

Taking a photo or many photos every day and sharing it online can improve your well-being. A new study, 1. __________ was published in the journal Health,  has proved it.  

Researchers have found that snapping and sharing isn’t 2. __________(simple) an exercise in narcissism(自恋), 3. __________ an act of self-care. Taking the photo encourages mindfulness. while the sharing 4. __________(promote) social interaction. “I will stop and take a photo of this insect 5. (sit) on my computer or something. Just taking a moment is very beneficial,  I think, ” one participant told scientists at the UK’s Lancaster University and University of Sheffield. Looking at photos gives the subjects(实验对象)a sense 6. purpose,  and planning to take them is a motivational force,  the researchers say. “It encourages me

7. __________(walk) out of the house sometimes, ” another participant says. On the social side,  comments keep people connected with 8. (they) friends and family,  and even are 9. __________(help) in preventing people feeling lonely. Researchers conclude in a press release that posting photos online is  “ 10. _______ active process of meaning making”.  

【文章大意】本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现每天拍照并分享能提升人的健康和幸福。你以为呢?

1. 【解析】which。考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词是A new study, 指物, 逗号后面是非限制性定语从句, 从句缺少主语,  that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。

2. 【解析】simply。考查副词的用法。句意: 研究人员发现, 拍照和分享并不是简单的自恋行为, 而是一种自我关爱的行为。本空所填的词起加强语气的作用, 意为“仅仅是”, 修饰动词应该用副词。故填simply。

3. 【解析】but。考查并列连词。句意: 研究人员发现, 拍照和分享并不是简单的自恋行为, 而是一种自我关爱的行为。not. . . but. . . “不是……而是……”, 是固定用法。故填but。

4. 【解析】promotes。考查主谓一致。句意: 拍照鼓励专注, 而分享促进社会互动。看上下文可知应用一般现在时, the sharing是动名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。故填promotes。

5. 【解析】sitting。考查非谓语动词。句意: 我会停下来, 拍下这只昆虫停在我的电脑或其他东西上的照片。此处insect和sit是主动关系, 是现在分词作后置定语。故填sitting。

6. 【解析】of。考查介词搭配。句意: 研究人员说, 看照片给受试者一种使命感, 计划拍摄照片是一种激励力量。固定搭配: a sense of “一种……感”。故填of。

7. 【解析】to walk。考查固定用法。句意: 它有时鼓励我走出房子。encourage后跟带to的不定式作补足语,  encourage sb. to do sth. “鼓励某人做某事”。故填to walk。

8. 【解析】their。考查形容词性物主代词。本空所填的词用作名词friends的定语, 提示词是代词they, 应用形容词性物主代词their修饰friends。故填their。

9. 【解析】helpful。考查系表结构。本空所填的词在系动词are后作表语, 应该用形容词, help的形容词是helpful。故填helpful。

10. 【解析】an。考查冠词的基本用法。此处泛指“一种积极的过程”, 应用不定冠词, 而active 的发音以元音音素开头, 故填an。

Ⅷ. 读后续写

　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

　　There are many things that we should be thankful for in life,  but many people aren’t,  including me. 

Growing up,  I wanted to be just like my mom.  Kind and caring,  she always seemed to make people comfortable.  For years she was a volunteer in our community.  I loved going to the local nursing home to help her until I became a teenager.  Suddenly,  I was too caught up in my world to worry about helping others.

One summer day when I was twelve,  Mom came into my room and told me to get up and meet her at the car.  I had planned to spend the day at the lake with friends.  Why did she have to ruin(破坏) everything?  Eventually,  I made my way outside.  I imagined the lake water cooling my skin.  Feeling angry,  I climbed into the car and slammed the door shut.  I sat in silence,  too upset to make a conversation.

“Tasha,  would you like to know where we are going? ” Mom asked calmly.

“I guess. . . , ” I murmured(咕哝) under my breath.

“Sweetheart,  we are going to a children’s shelter.  I have been there before and I think it would benefit you. ” she explained.

I felt even more angry.  How was I supposed to help there?

When we reached the shelter,  I was rather surprised.  It was a large white Victorian home.  As we got close to the large front porch,  wind bells played a calming tune while trees and flowers welcomed us.  Maybe this wasn’t going to be so bad.

Mom rang the doorbell.  The door opened and we were shown to the front room,  where all of the children were playing.  Toys were spread out across the floor.  I noticed a baby with wounds on his body.  The majority of the children had noticeable physical scars(伤疤) such as cuts,  scratches(抓伤) and burns.  What a terrible life they had before they moved here!  My heart sank.

注意: 续写词数应为150左右。

　　As I was looking around,  I felt a gentle pull on my shirt. ________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

　　I returned to the shelter with Mom several times. ________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

As I was looking around,  I felt a gentle pull on my shirt.  I looked down to see a little girl with brown eyes looking up at me.  Her angelic face lighted,  although there were some scars on her little arms.  “Hi.  I’m Ashley.  Do you want to play dolls with me? ” she asked.  I looked over and saw Mom nodding to me with a smile.  I bent toward Ashley and whispered,  “Sure.  I’d love to. ” Her tiny hand reached up and took mine,  and we walked toward the doll house.  Our time together brought her great joy and fun and she also made my day.

I returned to the shelter with Mom several times.  During those visits,  some of the children including Ashley shared their troubled pasts with me in great detail.  I felt sorry for what had happened to them and treasured the friendship between us.  I would like to do everything in my power to help the children there.  At the same time,  I learned to be grateful for all that I had.  It was a meaningful time in my young life that I will never forget.  It was Mom who taught me the valuable lesson that summer.

【补偿训练】阅读理解

(2021·渭南高一检测)

Will it matter if you don’t take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tested included people of different ages,  from 12 to 83. During the experiment,  these people were given all kinds of breakfasts,  and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast,  he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brain.  If a student eats fruit,  eggs,  bread and milk before going to school,  he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class.

Opposite to what many people believe,  if you don’t eat breakfast,  you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch,  and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了不吃早饭对人的影响的研究。研究证明吃早餐的好处, 同时也说明了不吃早饭的坏处。此外, 文章还介绍了早餐对学习、工作和减肥的影响。

1. During the test,  those who were tested were given ______.  

A. no breakfast at all

B. very rich breakfast

C. little food for breakfast

D. different breakfast or none

【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据第一段可知在实验中, 有时给参加测试者各种各样的早餐, 有时根本没有早餐。故选D。

2. The results of the test show that ______.  

A. breakfast has great effect on work and studies

B. breakfast has little to do with a person’s work

C. a person will work better if he has a simple breakfast

D. those working with brains should have much for breakfast

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段句子“Special tests were set up to see how well. . . if a person works with his brain. ”可知, 吃适当的早餐的人比不吃早餐的人工作效率高, 这一点对从事脑力工作的人尤为正确。故选A。

3. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

A. Poor breakfasts affect those who work with brains.

B. Morning diet may cause one to get fatter.

C. Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight losing.

D. Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals. 可知不吃早饭不会让人减肥, 但是不吃午饭和晚饭却可以让人减肥, 故C的说法是错误的,  故选C。

4. According to the passage,  if a student does not eat breakfast, ______.  

A. he will fall ill

B. his mind will work more slowly

C. he will fail to listen to his teacher

D. he will not make progress in his study

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段句子“If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class. ”可以推测出如果学生不吃早餐, 可能大脑运转比较慢。故选B。