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人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优质学案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优质学案，共15页。学案主要包含了定语从句的含义，关系代词的基本用法，判断定语从句的关系代词的方法，易混淆的关系代词辨析，as引导的定语从句的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、定语从句的含义
1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2. 关系词分为关系代词(that, which, wh, whm, whse, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
3. 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要意思，这种定语从句前面不用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明, 通常和主句用逗号隔开。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．wh指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
◆Danny was a man wh we rescued frm the ruins．
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)
◆He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.
不到长城非好汉。（作des nt reach的主语）
2．whm指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用wh代替。
◆This is the famus scientist (whm) we visited last week. （作visited的宾语）
◆The by (wh/whm) the teacher ften praises is their mnitr．
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
3．whse既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whse在定语从句中作定语。
◆They rushed ver t help the man whse car brke dwn.
他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。（whse car=the man’s car，作定语，修饰car）
◆Any student whse family is t pr t g t schl can get help frm the gvernment．
任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)
4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
◆He finally wrked ut the prblem which puzzled him fr a lng time.
他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。（作puzzled的主语）
◆The radi (which) he bught yesterday desn’t wrk．
他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)
◆This is the huse in which I nce lived．
这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用wh，whm，指物多用which。
◆The fish (that/which) we bught yesterday were nt fresh.
我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。（作bught的宾语）
◆This is the nvel that interests me．
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
◆The number f peple that/wh cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin． 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
三、判断定语从句的关系代词的方法
如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：
1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。
2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。
3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。
如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语，表语，则用关系代词，关系代词主要有wh, whm ,whse, that, which, as。
四、易混淆的关系代词辨析
（一）that 和 which
（二）which和 as（引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句内容）
五、as引导的定语从句的用法
（一）as引导的定语从句
（二）易混句式辨析
1. such/ s…as…和such/ s…that…
2. the same…as…和the same…that…
【巩固训练】
一、名言背诵
1.He wh wuld climb the ladder must begin at the bttm. 千里之行,始于足下。
2.He laughs best wh laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最美。
3.Nthing is t difficult t the man wh will try. 世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
4.Gd helps thse wh help themselves. 自助者天助之。
5.Nt all that glitters is gld. 闪光的不都是金子。
二、用正确的关系代词填空
1. The trees ________ stand by the river were planted by us.
2. She never gives in t thse ________ have mney.
3. This is the best film ________ has been shwn s far in the city.
4. February is the nly mnth ________ has fewer than 30 days.
5. My sn made ntes f everything ________ he read.
6. Yesterday I met the teacher ________ nce taught us maths.
7. Will yu shw me the girl ________ name is Wei Fang?
8. The tall girl ________ is standing there is a friend f my elder sister’s.
9.The freigner _____ visited ur class yesterday is frm Canada.
10 Please pass me the bk _____is lying n the table.
Last weekend my rmmates and I talked abut the happy days ________ we had in cllege．
Jake used t be a brave by ________ his teachers always praised．
Ann’s parents allwed Ann t help Jhn ________family was pr．
I visited the cuple last week________ daughter is studying in the United States．
It is the mst interesting stry ________ I have ever read．
Martin didn’t buy the new cellphne ________ price was t high fr him．
D yu like the film Titanic ________ music is very beautiful?
One Hundred Years f Slitude is the mst wnderful bk ________ I have read s far．
When she came near, I fund that she was ne f my classmates ________ I had nt met since graduatin．
Jhnsn is the student ________ his teachers are prud f．
三、单项选择
1. She is the girl ________ brther is studying abrad .
A. that B. wh C. whse D. whm
2. Everyne ______ is a server knws that custmers always cme first.
A. whm B. what C. wh D. which
3. —Only Yu is a TV prgram __is ppular with mst yung peple.
—Yes, it is definitely true.
A. thatB. whseC. whatD. wh
4. Yu are talented yung adults______ full f hpe fr the future.
A. wh; isB. whm; isC. whm; areD. wh; are
5. This is a heartwarming stry abut a by_____ saved his mther's life.
A. which B. wh C. whse D. whm
6. I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl _______ I met in the English speech cntest last year.
A. wh B. where C. when D. which
7. Many children, parents are wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village．
A. their B. whse C. them D. whm
8. As a child, Jack studied in a village schl, ______ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
9. His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, was beynd his wildest dream.
A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it
10. She is ne f the teachers _________ much teaching experience.
A. wh; has B. wh; have C. whm; has D. whm; have
四、单句语法填空
1.The children had great fun (slide) dwn the grassy slpe last Sunday.
2.Thusands f sldiers and rescue wrkers were sent there t search fr the (survive).
3.It is well knwn that ancient Greece was a funtain f (wise) and philsphy.
4.When I finally gt t the meeting rm,the discussin had already cme t end.
5.We must take (effect) measures t prtect the envirnment frm ging bad t wrse.
6.The fish can grw t a ____________(lng) f fur feet.
7.Gd teamwrk is a ____________(pwer) tl fr effective management.
8.A man in the river was shuting and ____________(wave) his arms arund desperately.
答案详解
二、用正确的关系代词填空
1.that/which 2.wh 3.that 4.that 5.that
6.wh/that 7.whse 8.wh/that 9.wh /that 10. which/that
11. that/which 12. that/whm/wh 13. whse 14. whse 15. that
16 .whse 17. whse 18. that 19. that/whm/wh 20. whm/wh/that
三、单项选择
1-5 CCADB 6-10 ABAAB
四、单句语法填空
1.sliding 2.survivrs 3.wisdm 4.an 5.effective
6.length 7.pwerful 8.waving
一、完形填空
The earthquake was ver and the city was in ruins.
I had n chice but t walk hme as all the 1 had stpped as a result f the quake. On my way hme I 2 an ld lady at a bakery giving ut free bread, which made my heart 3 . A man was hlding a sign saying, "Please use ur 4 ." He was 5 his huse fr peple t g t the restrm.
My friend, 6 wanted t be f help t thers, std in the cld with a sign "If yu dn't 7 a mtrcycle, I'll be glad t drive yu hme." And then I saw him pick up an ld man and drive him all the way t a faraway place!
Then the next day I drve t have my car 8 . There was nt enugh 9 nw and many gas statins were clsed r had very 10 lines. I gt wrried, since I was 11 fifteen cars. Finally, when my 12 came, the man smiled and said," 13 this situatin, we are nly giving $ 30 wrth f gas per persn. Is that alright?" 14 . It's nice that we are all able t 15 , " I said. His smile gave me s much cmfrt.
At the escape center I saw a man 16 when peple brught fd t him. It was the first time in three days that fd had been brught t their center. Hwever, after he cleaned up the tears, his next 17 surprised me. "I am very 18 that we are prvided with fd. But peple in the city next t us haven't 19 any fd at all. Please g t that center as well." Hearing that, I realized there was a bright future n the ther side f this 20 .
1．A．lifeB．businessC．rescueD．traffic
2．A．nticedB．missedC．ignredD．caught
3．A．kindB．brkenC．warmD．empty
4．A．htelB．tiletC．hspitalD．schl
5．A．peningB．sellingC．repairingD．building
6．A．whB．whmC．whichD．he
7．A．buyB．careC．matterD．mind
8．A．used upB．taken upC．filled upD．washed away
9．A．gasB．infrmatinC．fdD．water
10．A．directB．fineC．lngD．thin
11．A．behindB．betweenC．amngD．beneath
12．A．timeB．turnC．dutyD．decisin
13．A．Except frB．Tgether withC．Instead fD．Because f
14．A．Nt at allB．Of curseC．N wayD．Never mind
15．A．shareB．fferC．learnD．chse
16．A．cryingB．eatingC．smilingD．singing
17．A．waysB．rlesC．wrdsD．prmises
18．A．sureB．gratefulC．surprisedD．prud
19．A．bughtB．wastedC．preparedD．received
20．A．disasterB．chanceC．cityD．center
二、七选五
Wuld yu knw what t d if a fire started in yur hme? Take the time nw t review the fllwing safety tips, and yur family will be prepared in time f a fire in yur hme:
21．
An escape plan can help every member f a family get ut f a burning huse. The idea is t get utside quickly and safely. 22． S it is imprtant t learn and remember the different ways ut f yur hme.
Stay lw
If yu can see smke in the huse, stay lw t the grund as yu make yur way t the exit. 23． Yu will breathe less smke if yu stay t the grund. Smke naturally rises, s if there is smke while yu are using yur escape rute，staying lw means yu can crawl (爬) under mst f it.
What if yu can’t get ut right away?
If yu can’t get ut fast because fire r smke is stpping an escape rute, yu will want t yell fr help. Yu can d this frm an pen windw r call 911 if yu have a phne with yu. 24． Then, firefighters will have a hard time finding yu. The sner they find yu, the sner yu bth can get ut.
If yur clthes catch fire, what shuld yu d?
Yur clthes culd catch fire during a fire r by accident if yu step t clse t a candle. If this happens, dn’t run! Instead, stp, drp t the grund, cver yur face with yur hands, and rll. This will cut ff the air and put ut the flames. 25．
A．An easy way t remember this is: Stp, Drp, and Rll!
B．Smke frm a fire can make it hard t see where things are.
C．Preventing fires is in the first place!
D．Knw yur way ut
E.They will help prepare yu fr what yu need t d in case f a fire.
F.Even if yu are scared, never hide under the bed r in a clset.
G.In a fire, smke and pisnus (有毒的) air hurt mre peple, than the actual flames (火焰) d.
三、阅读选择
A
After an earthquake mst survivrs can be expected t recver ver time, particularly with the supprt f family and friends. Sme families will be able t return t their nrmal life quickly, while thers will have t cntend with the destructin f their hmes, medical prblems, and injury t family members. Children especially will need time t recver frm the lss f a lved ne r a pet r frm the clsing dwn f their schl.
Children ften turn t adults fr infrmatin, cmfrt and help. Parents shuld try t remain calm, answer children’s questins hnestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children’s behavir.
Children react differently t an earthquake depending n their ages, develpmental levels and frmer experiences. Sme will respnd by withdrawing (不与人交往), while thers will have angry utbursts (爆发). Parents shuld remain sensitive t each child’s reactins. Parents shuld spend time talking t their children，letting them knw that it’s OK t ask questins and t share their wrries. Althugh it may be hard t find time t have these talks, parents can use regular family mealtimes r bedtimes fr them. They shuld answer questins briefly and hnestly and be sure t ask their children fr their pinins and ideas. Issues may cme up mre than nce and parents shuld remain patient when yu answer the questins again. Fr yung children, parents, after talking abut the earthquake, might read a favrite stry r have a relaxing family activity t help them calm dwn. Parents shuld als tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. They culd play games utside r read tgether indrs. Mst imprtantly, be sure t tell them yu lve them.
26．The underlined phrase “cntend with” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”.
A．deal withB．make upC．put ffD．turn back
27．When children ask the same questin again, parents shuld ________.
A．read a favrite stry t cmfrt them
B．ask them t help d sme husewrk
C．be patient and answer the questin again
D．take them ut t play games
28．Which f the fllwing pieces f advice is NOT mentined in the passage?
A．Keep a clse watch n children’s behavir.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children yu lve them.
D．Ask educatinal experts fr help.
29．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．All peple will recver frm an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a lnger time t recver after an earthquake.
C．Children shuld turn t their classmates fr help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults d t an earthquake.
B
A terrible strm destryed furteen hmes. Seven thers were s badly damaged that their wners had t leave them, and fifteen thers had brken windws r brken rfs. One persn was killed, several were badly hurt and taken t the hspital, and a number f ther peple received smaller hurt. Altgether ver tw hundred peple were hmeless after the strm.
A farmer, Mr Tan, said that the strm began early in the mrning and lasted fr ver an hur.
“I was eating with my wife and children，” he said, “when we heard a lud nise. A few minutes later ur huse fell dwn n tp f us. We tried ur best t climb ut but then I saw that ne f my children was missing. I went back inside and fund him safe but very frightened.”
Mrs W said that her husband had just left fr wrk when she felt that her huse was mving. She ran utside at nce with her children.
“There was n time t take anything，” she said. “A few minutes later, the rf came dwn.”
Sldiers helped t take peple ut f the flded area and the welfare department brught them fd, clthes and shelters.
30．Hw many hmes altgether were damaged in the strm?
A．Furteen. B．Twentyne. C．Twentynine. D．Thirtysix.
31．Where was Mr Tan when the strm first began?
A．He was in bed. B．He was inside the huse.
C．He was utside the huse. D．He was n the rf.
32．Mrs W and her children didn't get hurt because ________.
A．her husband knew there wuld be a strm
B．they were all utside the huse when the strm came
C．she felt the huse was mving and ran utside at nce with her children
D．the welfare department helped heA．Keep a clse watch n children’s behavir.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children yu lve them.
D．Ask educatinal experts fr help.
29．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．All peple will recver frm an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a lnger time t recver after an earthquake.
C．Children shuld turn t their classmates fr help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults d t an earthquake.
答案详解
一、完形填空
1-5 DACBA
6-10 ADCAC
11-15 ABDBA
16-20 ACBDC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者所生活的城市遭受了地震。很多人的无私援助让作者感到温暖，而一些难民的举动也让作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。
1．考查名词词义辨析。A. life生活；B. business生意；C. rescue援救；D. traffic交通。根据“I had n chice but t walk hme ”可知，地震使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步行回家。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。A. nticed注意；B. missed错过；C. ignred忽略；D. caught抓住。根据“an ld lady at a bakery shp giving ut free bread，”可知，作者在回家的路上应该是注意到一位老太太在给大家分发免费的面包。故选A。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包，这个场景使作者内心感到温暖。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。根据后面的“his huse fr peple t g t the restrm”可知，这个人让大家使用自己家的卫生间，给大家提供方便。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。根据“his huse fr peple t g t the restrm.”可知，此处指那个人打开自己的房屋给人们提供方便。故选A。
6．考查关系代词辨析。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是my friend，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人，用wh引导该定语从句。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。在寒冷的天气里乘坐摩托车是很冷的，所以此句句意为“如果您不介意乘坐摩托车的话，我会非常乐意把您送回家”。故选D。
8．考查动词词组辨析。A. used up用完，耗尽；B. taken up占据，从事；C. filled up充满；D. washed away冲走，忘却。根据下文“ gas statins ”可知，作者去加油站给汽车加油。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。根据后面的“many gas statins were either gt wrried”可知，很多加油站没有足够的汽油了。故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. direct直接的；B. fine美好的；C. lng长的；D. thin瘦的。根据上下文可知，等待给车加油的人很多，排着长长的队。故选C。
11．考查介词词义辨析。根据“ I gt wrried”可知此处指作者排在15辆汽车之后，所以担心会没有汽油。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。前文提到排队加油，此处指轮到作者的车加油了。故选B。
13．考查介词短语辨析。A. Except fr除了；B. Tgether with和……一起；C. Instead f代替；D. Because f因为。根据上文的汽油不够了，可知这里是因为这种情况，每个人只提供30美元的汽油。故选D。
14．考查交际用语辨析。根据作者说的话“It’s nice that we are all able t 15 ，” I said. ”可知，作者同意加油站人员的做法。故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴我们都能分享到。A. share分享；B. ffer提供；C. learn学习；D. chse选择。根据上文“we are nly giving $30 wrth gas per persn.”每个人只可以加30美元的汽油，所以大家都可以分享一些，而不至于有些司机加不到油。故选A。
16．考查动词词义辨析。根据后面的“Hwever，after he cleaned up the tears”可知，那个人感动得哭了。故选A。
17．考查名词词义辨析。后面引号中的内容是那个人说的话。故选C。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“we are prvided with fd.”可知，非常感激提供给我们食物。故选B。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们隔壁城市的人们还没有收到任何食物。A. bught买；B. wasted浪费；C. prepared准备；D. received接收，收到。根据下文“Please g t that center as well”可知，隔壁城市的人们还没有收到任何食物。故选D。
20．考查名词词义辨析。据上文“the city was in ruins.”可知作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。故选C。
二、七选五
21-25 DBGFA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在家里发生火灾时应做好哪些准备。
21．此空是一个小标题，根据下文小标题，可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句，在B/D中选择。再根据下文提示“一个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。”由此推知，D项切题。故选D。
22．下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同方式是很重要的。”承接下文，B项切题。故选B。
23．上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟，在你往出口走的时候，离地面低一点。”承接上文，G项切题。前后是一种因果关系，故选G。
24．根据下文提示“那么，消防员将很难找到你。”承接下文，F项 切题。故选F。
25．上文提示“如果发生这种情况，不要跑!相反，停下来，倒在地上，用手捂住脸，然后滚。这将切断空气，扑灭火焰。”承接上文，A项切题。故选A。
三、阅读选择
A
26-29 ACDB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章就震后如何帮助孩子恢复身心健康向家长提供了有关的建议。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线词句“Sme families will be able t return t their nrmal life quickly, while thers will have t cntend with the destructin f their hmes, medical prblems, and injury t family members”可知，一些家庭还好，而另一些家庭就不得不应对许多震后带来的问题，进而推断出，cntend with为“应对”的意思。选项A“处理”与之意义最为接近，故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Issues may cme up mre than nce and parents shuld remain patient when yu answer the questins again.”可知，当孩子再问同样的问题时，父母要再次耐心回答。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Parents shuld remain sensitive t each child’s reactins.”、“Parents shuld als tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. ”以及“Mst imprtantly, be sure t tell them yu lve them.”可知，ABC三项课文中都提到了，D项没有被提到。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Children especially will need time t recver frm the lss f a lved ne r a pet r frm the clsing dwn f their schl.”可知，孩子们可能需要更长的时间在地震后恢复。故选B项。
B
30-32 DBC
【分析】这是一篇新闻。文章讲述了一场暴风雨给若干个家庭带来的影响，以及士兵和福利部门给受灾人们的帮助。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段“A terrible strm destryed furteen hmes. Seven thers were s badly damaged that their wners had t leave them, and fifteen thers had brken windws r brken rfs.”（一场可怕的暴风雨摧毁了十四所房子。另外有七座房屋受损严重，主人不得不离开，另有十五座房屋的窗户和屋顶被打破了。）可知，共有三十六个房屋在暴风雨中被毁。故选D项。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段谭先生所说的“ ‘I was eating with my wife and children,’ he said, ‘when we heard a lud nise. A few minutes later ur huse fell dwn n tp f us.’ ”（ 他说：“当时我正和妻子和孩子吃饭，突然听到一声巨响。几分钟后，房子倒在了我们身上。”）可知，暴风雨发生的时候谭先生正在室内。故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段“Mrs W said that her husband had just left fr wrk when she felt that her huse was mving. She ran utside at nce with her children.”（吴太太说，丈夫刚出门上班，她就觉得房子在动，立刻带着孩子们跑到外面。）可知，吴太太和孩子们没有受伤的原因是感觉房子在动时立刻带孩子跑到了外面。故选C项。
1.用that，不用which的情况
①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nthing, all, any, much, many, sme, few, little, nne等或当先行词被n, sme, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。
T get the jb started, all that I need is yur permissin.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。
Is there anything that I can d fr yu?有什么要我做的事吗?
He answered few questins that were asked by the reprters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。
②当先行词被the nly, the very, the same等词修饰时。
That’s the nly thing that we can d nw.目前我们只能这样了。
This is the very pen that I am lking fr. 这正是我找的钢笔。
He still lives in the same huse that we visited ten years ag. 他还住在十年前我们参观的同一座房子里。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was ne f the mst interesting bks that were sld in this bk stre.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that shuld be dne is t get sme fd.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。
I’m ging t talk abut the cuntries and peple that I have visited.
我要谈论一下我所访问的国家和人民。
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?
那件体恤衫最适合我？
2.用which，不用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中
Ftball, which is an interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。
This is the rm in which my father lived last year.
= This is the rm (that/ which) my father lived in last year.
这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。
1.位置上的区别：
as引导的从句可放在主句首、句末或句中。而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
As is knwn t us all, the earth turns arund the sun.
The earth, as is knwn t us all, turns arund the sun.
The earth turns arund the sun, as /which is knwn t us all.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
2.语义的区别：
as有“正如”之意，因此主句和从句语义一致，而which表示“这一点” 在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，在语义上可以不一致。
Mike wn the first prize, as was expected.
正如所料想的, 迈克获得了一等奖。
Mike wn the first prize, which was nt expected.
迈克获得了一等奖，这一点没被料想到。
1. 在限制性定语从句中，先行词有such, s, as, the same修饰时，引导词用as。
比较：
I have never read the bk that yu have talked abut. 我从未读过你谈到的这本书。
I have never read such an interesting bk as yu have talked abut.
= I have never read s/ as interesting a bk as yu have talked abut.
我从未读过像你谈到的这样有趣的书。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句内容。
As we knw, she is a gd teacher.
我们都知道她是一个好老师。
Lily, as we expected, wn the first prize in the cmpetitin yesterday.
像我们所期望的那样, 莉莉在昨天的比赛中获得了一等奖。
①such/s…as…表“像……这样的……”，用来引导定语从句（as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等）
②such/s…that…表示“如此..以致……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
This is such a heavy stne as n ne can lift.（作lift的宾语，是定语从句）
This is such a heavy stne that n ne can lift it. （不缺成分，是结果状语从句）
这是一块如此重的石头，没人能搬得动。
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）
②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性）
I have bught the same watch as yu have.
我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch that I lst.
这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、定语从句的含义
1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2. 关系词分为关系代词(that, which, wh, whm, whse, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
3. 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要意思，这种定语从句前面不用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明, 通常和主句用逗号隔开。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．wh指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
◆Danny was a man wh we rescued frm the ruins．
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)
◆He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.
不到长城非好汉。（作des nt reach的主语）
2．whm指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用wh代替。
◆This is the famus scientist (whm) we visited last week. （作visited的宾语）
◆The by (wh/whm) the teacher ften praises is their mnitr．
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
3．whse既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whse在定语从句中作定语。
◆They rushed ver t help the man whse car brke dwn.
他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。（whse car=the man’s car，作定语，修饰car）
◆Any student whse family is t pr t g t schl can get help frm the gvernment．
任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)
4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
◆He finally wrked ut the prblem which puzzled him fr a lng time.
他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。（作puzzled的主语）
◆The radi (which) he bught yesterday desn’t wrk．
他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)
◆This is the huse in which I nce lived．
这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用wh，whm，指物多用which。
◆The fish (that/which) we bught yesterday were nt fresh.
我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。（作bught的宾语）
◆This is the nvel that interests me．
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
◆The number f peple that/wh cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin． 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
三、判断定语从句的关系代词的方法
如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：
1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。
2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。
3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。
如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语，表语，则用关系代词，关系代词主要有wh, whm ,whse, that, which, as。
四、易混淆的关系代词辨析
（一）that 和 which
（二）which和 as（引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句内容）
五、as引导的定语从句的用法
（一）as引导的定语从句
（二）易混句式辨析
1. such/ s…as…和such/ s…that…
2. the same…as…和the same…that…
【巩固训练】
一、名言背诵
1.He wh wuld climb the ladder must begin at the bttm. 千里之行,始于足下。
2.He laughs best wh laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最美。
3.Nthing is t difficult t the man wh will try. 世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
4.Gd helps thse wh help themselves. 自助者天助之。
5.Nt all that glitters is gld. 闪光的不都是金子。
二、用正确的关系代词填空
1. The trees ________ stand by the river were planted by us.
2. She never gives in t thse ________ have mney.
3. This is the best film ________ has been shwn s far in the city.
4. February is the nly mnth ________ has fewer than 30 days.
5. My sn made ntes f everything ________ he read.
6. Yesterday I met the teacher ________ nce taught us maths.
7. Will yu shw me the girl ________ name is Wei Fang?
8. The tall girl ________ is standing there is a friend f my elder sister’s.
9.The freigner _____ visited ur class yesterday is frm Canada.
10 Please pass me the bk _____is lying n the table.
Last weekend my rmmates and I talked abut the happy days ________ we had in cllege．
Jake used t be a brave by ________ his teachers always praised．
Ann’s parents allwed Ann t help Jhn ________family was pr．
I visited the cuple last week________ daughter is studying in the United States．
It is the mst interesting stry ________ I have ever read．
Martin didn’t buy the new cellphne ________ price was t high fr him．
D yu like the film Titanic ________ music is very beautiful?
One Hundred Years f Slitude is the mst wnderful bk ________ I have read s far．
When she came near, I fund that she was ne f my classmates ________ I had nt met since graduatin．
Jhnsn is the student ________ his teachers are prud f．
三、单项选择
1. She is the girl ________ brther is studying abrad .
A. that B. wh C. whse D. whm
2. Everyne ______ is a server knws that custmers always cme first.
A. whm B. what C. wh D. which
3. —Only Yu is a TV prgram __is ppular with mst yung peple.
—Yes, it is definitely true.
A. thatB. whseC. whatD. wh
4. Yu are talented yung adults______ full f hpe fr the future.
A. wh; isB. whm; isC. whm; areD. wh; are
5. This is a heartwarming stry abut a by_____ saved his mther's life.
A. which B. wh C. whse D. whm
6. I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl _______ I met in the English speech cntest last year.
A. wh B. where C. when D. which
7. Many children, parents are wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village．
A. their B. whse C. them D. whm
8. As a child, Jack studied in a village schl, ______ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
9. His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, was beynd his wildest dream.
A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it
10. She is ne f the teachers _________ much teaching experience.
A. wh; has B. wh; have C. whm; has D. whm; have
四、单句语法填空
1.The children had great fun (slide) dwn the grassy slpe last Sunday.
2.Thusands f sldiers and rescue wrkers were sent there t search fr the (survive).
3.It is well knwn that ancient Greece was a funtain f (wise) and philsphy.
4.When I finally gt t the meeting rm,the discussin had already cme t end.
5.We must take (effect) measures t prtect the envirnment frm ging bad t wrse.
6.The fish can grw t a ____________(lng) f fur feet.
7.Gd teamwrk is a ____________(pwer) tl fr effective management.
8.A man in the river was shuting and ____________(wave) his arms arund desperately.
答案详解
二、用正确的关系代词填空
1.that/which 2.wh 3.that 4.that 5.that
6.wh/that 7.whse 8.wh/that 9.wh /that 10. which/that
11. that/which 12. that/whm/wh 13. whse 14. whse 15. that
16 .whse 17. whse 18. that 19. that/whm/wh 20. whm/wh/that
三、单项选择
1-5 CCADB 6-10 ABAAB
四、单句语法填空
1.sliding 2.survivrs 3.wisdm 4.an 5.effective
6.length 7.pwerful 8.waving
一、完形填空
The earthquake was ver and the city was in ruins.
I had n chice but t walk hme as all the 1 had stpped as a result f the quake. On my way hme I 2 an ld lady at a bakery giving ut free bread, which made my heart 3 . A man was hlding a sign saying, "Please use ur 4 ." He was 5 his huse fr peple t g t the restrm.
My friend, 6 wanted t be f help t thers, std in the cld with a sign "If yu dn't 7 a mtrcycle, I'll be glad t drive yu hme." And then I saw him pick up an ld man and drive him all the way t a faraway place!
Then the next day I drve t have my car 8 . There was nt enugh 9 nw and many gas statins were clsed r had very 10 lines. I gt wrried, since I was 11 fifteen cars. Finally, when my 12 came, the man smiled and said," 13 this situatin, we are nly giving $ 30 wrth f gas per persn. Is that alright?" 14 . It's nice that we are all able t 15 , " I said. His smile gave me s much cmfrt.
At the escape center I saw a man 16 when peple brught fd t him. It was the first time in three days that fd had been brught t their center. Hwever, after he cleaned up the tears, his next 17 surprised me. "I am very 18 that we are prvided with fd. But peple in the city next t us haven't 19 any fd at all. Please g t that center as well." Hearing that, I realized there was a bright future n the ther side f this 20 .
1．A．lifeB．businessC．rescueD．traffic
2．A．nticedB．missedC．ignredD．caught
3．A．kindB．brkenC．warmD．empty
4．A．htelB．tiletC．hspitalD．schl
5．A．peningB．sellingC．repairingD．building
6．A．whB．whmC．whichD．he
7．A．buyB．careC．matterD．mind
8．A．used upB．taken upC．filled upD．washed away
9．A．gasB．infrmatinC．fdD．water
10．A．directB．fineC．lngD．thin
11．A．behindB．betweenC．amngD．beneath
12．A．timeB．turnC．dutyD．decisin
13．A．Except frB．Tgether withC．Instead fD．Because f
14．A．Nt at allB．Of curseC．N wayD．Never mind
15．A．shareB．fferC．learnD．chse
16．A．cryingB．eatingC．smilingD．singing
17．A．waysB．rlesC．wrdsD．prmises
18．A．sureB．gratefulC．surprisedD．prud
19．A．bughtB．wastedC．preparedD．received
20．A．disasterB．chanceC．cityD．center
二、七选五
Wuld yu knw what t d if a fire started in yur hme? Take the time nw t review the fllwing safety tips, and yur family will be prepared in time f a fire in yur hme:
21．
An escape plan can help every member f a family get ut f a burning huse. The idea is t get utside quickly and safely. 22． S it is imprtant t learn and remember the different ways ut f yur hme.
Stay lw
If yu can see smke in the huse, stay lw t the grund as yu make yur way t the exit. 23． Yu will breathe less smke if yu stay t the grund. Smke naturally rises, s if there is smke while yu are using yur escape rute，staying lw means yu can crawl (爬) under mst f it.
What if yu can’t get ut right away?
If yu can’t get ut fast because fire r smke is stpping an escape rute, yu will want t yell fr help. Yu can d this frm an pen windw r call 911 if yu have a phne with yu. 24． Then, firefighters will have a hard time finding yu. The sner they find yu, the sner yu bth can get ut.
If yur clthes catch fire, what shuld yu d?
Yur clthes culd catch fire during a fire r by accident if yu step t clse t a candle. If this happens, dn’t run! Instead, stp, drp t the grund, cver yur face with yur hands, and rll. This will cut ff the air and put ut the flames. 25．
A．An easy way t remember this is: Stp, Drp, and Rll!
B．Smke frm a fire can make it hard t see where things are.
C．Preventing fires is in the first place!
D．Knw yur way ut
E.They will help prepare yu fr what yu need t d in case f a fire.
F.Even if yu are scared, never hide under the bed r in a clset.
G.In a fire, smke and pisnus (有毒的) air hurt mre peple, than the actual flames (火焰) d.
三、阅读选择
A
After an earthquake mst survivrs can be expected t recver ver time, particularly with the supprt f family and friends. Sme families will be able t return t their nrmal life quickly, while thers will have t cntend with the destructin f their hmes, medical prblems, and injury t family members. Children especially will need time t recver frm the lss f a lved ne r a pet r frm the clsing dwn f their schl.
Children ften turn t adults fr infrmatin, cmfrt and help. Parents shuld try t remain calm, answer children’s questins hnestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children’s behavir.
Children react differently t an earthquake depending n their ages, develpmental levels and frmer experiences. Sme will respnd by withdrawing (不与人交往), while thers will have angry utbursts (爆发). Parents shuld remain sensitive t each child’s reactins. Parents shuld spend time talking t their children，letting them knw that it’s OK t ask questins and t share their wrries. Althugh it may be hard t find time t have these talks, parents can use regular family mealtimes r bedtimes fr them. They shuld answer questins briefly and hnestly and be sure t ask their children fr their pinins and ideas. Issues may cme up mre than nce and parents shuld remain patient when yu answer the questins again. Fr yung children, parents, after talking abut the earthquake, might read a favrite stry r have a relaxing family activity t help them calm dwn. Parents shuld als tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. They culd play games utside r read tgether indrs. Mst imprtantly, be sure t tell them yu lve them.
26．The underlined phrase “cntend with” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”.
A．deal withB．make upC．put ffD．turn back
27．When children ask the same questin again, parents shuld ________.
A．read a favrite stry t cmfrt them
B．ask them t help d sme husewrk
C．be patient and answer the questin again
D．take them ut t play games
28．Which f the fllwing pieces f advice is NOT mentined in the passage?
A．Keep a clse watch n children’s behavir.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children yu lve them.
D．Ask educatinal experts fr help.
29．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．All peple will recver frm an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a lnger time t recver after an earthquake.
C．Children shuld turn t their classmates fr help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults d t an earthquake.
B
A terrible strm destryed furteen hmes. Seven thers were s badly damaged that their wners had t leave them, and fifteen thers had brken windws r brken rfs. One persn was killed, several were badly hurt and taken t the hspital, and a number f ther peple received smaller hurt. Altgether ver tw hundred peple were hmeless after the strm.
A farmer, Mr Tan, said that the strm began early in the mrning and lasted fr ver an hur.
“I was eating with my wife and children，” he said, “when we heard a lud nise. A few minutes later ur huse fell dwn n tp f us. We tried ur best t climb ut but then I saw that ne f my children was missing. I went back inside and fund him safe but very frightened.”
Mrs W said that her husband had just left fr wrk when she felt that her huse was mving. She ran utside at nce with her children.
“There was n time t take anything，” she said. “A few minutes later, the rf came dwn.”
Sldiers helped t take peple ut f the flded area and the welfare department brught them fd, clthes and shelters.
30．Hw many hmes altgether were damaged in the strm?
A．Furteen. B．Twentyne. C．Twentynine. D．Thirtysix.
31．Where was Mr Tan when the strm first began?
A．He was in bed. B．He was inside the huse.
C．He was utside the huse. D．He was n the rf.
32．Mrs W and her children didn't get hurt because ________.
A．her husband knew there wuld be a strm
B．they were all utside the huse when the strm came
C．she felt the huse was mving and ran utside at nce with her children
D．the welfare department helped heA．Keep a clse watch n children’s behavir.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children yu lve them.
D．Ask educatinal experts fr help.
29．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．All peple will recver frm an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a lnger time t recver after an earthquake.
C．Children shuld turn t their classmates fr help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults d t an earthquake.
答案详解
一、完形填空
1-5 DACBA
6-10 ADCAC
11-15 ABDBA
16-20 ACBDC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者所生活的城市遭受了地震。很多人的无私援助让作者感到温暖，而一些难民的举动也让作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。
1．考查名词词义辨析。A. life生活；B. business生意；C. rescue援救；D. traffic交通。根据“I had n chice but t walk hme ”可知，地震使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步行回家。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。A. nticed注意；B. missed错过；C. ignred忽略；D. caught抓住。根据“an ld lady at a bakery shp giving ut free bread，”可知，作者在回家的路上应该是注意到一位老太太在给大家分发免费的面包。故选A。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包，这个场景使作者内心感到温暖。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。根据后面的“his huse fr peple t g t the restrm”可知，这个人让大家使用自己家的卫生间，给大家提供方便。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。根据“his huse fr peple t g t the restrm.”可知，此处指那个人打开自己的房屋给人们提供方便。故选A。
6．考查关系代词辨析。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是my friend，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人，用wh引导该定语从句。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。在寒冷的天气里乘坐摩托车是很冷的，所以此句句意为“如果您不介意乘坐摩托车的话，我会非常乐意把您送回家”。故选D。
8．考查动词词组辨析。A. used up用完，耗尽；B. taken up占据，从事；C. filled up充满；D. washed away冲走，忘却。根据下文“ gas statins ”可知，作者去加油站给汽车加油。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。根据后面的“many gas statins were either gt wrried”可知，很多加油站没有足够的汽油了。故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. direct直接的；B. fine美好的；C. lng长的；D. thin瘦的。根据上下文可知，等待给车加油的人很多，排着长长的队。故选C。
11．考查介词词义辨析。根据“ I gt wrried”可知此处指作者排在15辆汽车之后，所以担心会没有汽油。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。前文提到排队加油，此处指轮到作者的车加油了。故选B。
13．考查介词短语辨析。A. Except fr除了；B. Tgether with和……一起；C. Instead f代替；D. Because f因为。根据上文的汽油不够了，可知这里是因为这种情况，每个人只提供30美元的汽油。故选D。
14．考查交际用语辨析。根据作者说的话“It’s nice that we are all able t 15 ，” I said. ”可知，作者同意加油站人员的做法。故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴我们都能分享到。A. share分享；B. ffer提供；C. learn学习；D. chse选择。根据上文“we are nly giving $30 wrth gas per persn.”每个人只可以加30美元的汽油，所以大家都可以分享一些，而不至于有些司机加不到油。故选A。
16．考查动词词义辨析。根据后面的“Hwever，after he cleaned up the tears”可知，那个人感动得哭了。故选A。
17．考查名词词义辨析。后面引号中的内容是那个人说的话。故选C。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“we are prvided with fd.”可知，非常感激提供给我们食物。故选B。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们隔壁城市的人们还没有收到任何食物。A. bught买；B. wasted浪费；C. prepared准备；D. received接收，收到。根据下文“Please g t that center as well”可知，隔壁城市的人们还没有收到任何食物。故选D。
20．考查名词词义辨析。据上文“the city was in ruins.”可知作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。故选C。
二、七选五
21-25 DBGFA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在家里发生火灾时应做好哪些准备。
21．此空是一个小标题，根据下文小标题，可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句，在B/D中选择。再根据下文提示“一个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。”由此推知，D项切题。故选D。
22．下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同方式是很重要的。”承接下文，B项切题。故选B。
23．上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟，在你往出口走的时候，离地面低一点。”承接上文，G项切题。前后是一种因果关系，故选G。
24．根据下文提示“那么，消防员将很难找到你。”承接下文，F项 切题。故选F。
25．上文提示“如果发生这种情况，不要跑!相反，停下来，倒在地上，用手捂住脸，然后滚。这将切断空气，扑灭火焰。”承接上文，A项切题。故选A。
三、阅读选择
A
26-29 ACDB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章就震后如何帮助孩子恢复身心健康向家长提供了有关的建议。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线词句“Sme families will be able t return t their nrmal life quickly, while thers will have t cntend with the destructin f their hmes, medical prblems, and injury t family members”可知，一些家庭还好，而另一些家庭就不得不应对许多震后带来的问题，进而推断出，cntend with为“应对”的意思。选项A“处理”与之意义最为接近，故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Issues may cme up mre than nce and parents shuld remain patient when yu answer the questins again.”可知，当孩子再问同样的问题时，父母要再次耐心回答。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Parents shuld remain sensitive t each child’s reactins.”、“Parents shuld als tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. ”以及“Mst imprtantly, be sure t tell them yu lve them.”可知，ABC三项课文中都提到了，D项没有被提到。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Children especially will need time t recver frm the lss f a lved ne r a pet r frm the clsing dwn f their schl.”可知，孩子们可能需要更长的时间在地震后恢复。故选B项。
B
30-32 DBC
【分析】这是一篇新闻。文章讲述了一场暴风雨给若干个家庭带来的影响，以及士兵和福利部门给受灾人们的帮助。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段“A terrible strm destryed furteen hmes. Seven thers were s badly damaged that their wners had t leave them, and fifteen thers had brken windws r brken rfs.”（一场可怕的暴风雨摧毁了十四所房子。另外有七座房屋受损严重，主人不得不离开，另有十五座房屋的窗户和屋顶被打破了。）可知，共有三十六个房屋在暴风雨中被毁。故选D项。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段谭先生所说的“ ‘I was eating with my wife and children,’ he said, ‘when we heard a lud nise. A few minutes later ur huse fell dwn n tp f us.’ ”（ 他说：“当时我正和妻子和孩子吃饭，突然听到一声巨响。几分钟后，房子倒在了我们身上。”）可知，暴风雨发生的时候谭先生正在室内。故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段“Mrs W said that her husband had just left fr wrk when she felt that her huse was mving. She ran utside at nce with her children.”（吴太太说，丈夫刚出门上班，她就觉得房子在动，立刻带着孩子们跑到外面。）可知，吴太太和孩子们没有受伤的原因是感觉房子在动时立刻带孩子跑到了外面。故选C项。
1.用that，不用which的情况
①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nthing, all, any, much, many, sme, few, little, nne等或当先行词被n, sme, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。
T get the jb started, all that I need is yur permissin.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。
Is there anything that I can d fr yu?有什么要我做的事吗?
He answered few questins that were asked by the reprters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。
②当先行词被the nly, the very, the same等词修饰时。
That’s the nly thing that we can d nw.目前我们只能这样了。
This is the very pen that I am lking fr. 这正是我找的钢笔。
He still lives in the same huse that we visited ten years ag. 他还住在十年前我们参观的同一座房子里。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was ne f the mst interesting bks that were sld in this bk stre.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that shuld be dne is t get sme fd.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。
I’m ging t talk abut the cuntries and peple that I have visited.
我要谈论一下我所访问的国家和人民。
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?
那件体恤衫最适合我？
2.用which，不用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中
Ftball, which is an interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。
This is the rm in which my father lived last year.
= This is the rm (that/ which) my father lived in last year.
这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。
1.位置上的区别：
as引导的从句可放在主句首、句末或句中。而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
As is knwn t us all, the earth turns arund the sun.
The earth, as is knwn t us all, turns arund the sun.
The earth turns arund the sun, as /which is knwn t us all.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
2.语义的区别：
as有“正如”之意，因此主句和从句语义一致，而which表示“这一点” 在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，在语义上可以不一致。
Mike wn the first prize, as was expected.
正如所料想的, 迈克获得了一等奖。
Mike wn the first prize, which was nt expected.
迈克获得了一等奖，这一点没被料想到。
1. 在限制性定语从句中，先行词有such, s, as, the same修饰时，引导词用as。
比较：
I have never read the bk that yu have talked abut. 我从未读过你谈到的这本书。
I have never read such an interesting bk as yu have talked abut.
= I have never read s/ as interesting a bk as yu have talked abut.
我从未读过像你谈到的这样有趣的书。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句内容。
As we knw, she is a gd teacher.
我们都知道她是一个好老师。
Lily, as we expected, wn the first prize in the cmpetitin yesterday.
像我们所期望的那样, 莉莉在昨天的比赛中获得了一等奖。
①such/s…as…表“像……这样的……”，用来引导定语从句（as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等）
②such/s…that…表示“如此..以致……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
This is such a heavy stne as n ne can lift.（作lift的宾语，是定语从句）
This is such a heavy stne that n ne can lift it. （不缺成分，是结果状语从句）
这是一块如此重的石头，没人能搬得动。
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）
②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性）
I have bught the same watch as yu have.
我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch that I lst.
这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
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