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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优质导学案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优质导学案，共21页。学案主要包含了2012广东，2017全国卷I等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【答案】
重点单词
1．disaster[dI'zɑːstə(r)]n． 灾难；灾害
2．slide[slaId]vi．& vt． (使)滑行；滑动
3．fld[flʌd]n． 洪水；大量 vi． 淹没；大量涌入 vt． 使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue['reskjuː]n．& vt． 营救；救援
5．damage['dæmIdʒ]vt． 损害；破坏 n． 损坏；损失
6．destry[dI'strɔI]vt． 摧毁；毁灭
7．affect[ə'fekt]vt． 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
8．shelter['ʃeltə(r)]n． 避难处；居所；庇护 vt． 保护；掩蔽 vi． 躲避(风雨或危险)
9．ruin['ruːIn]n．& vt． 破坏；毁坏
10．electricity[Iˌlek'trIsəti]n． 电；电能
11．trap[træp]vt． 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n． 险境；陷阱
12．bury['beri]vt． 埋葬；安葬
13．effrt['efət]n． 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
14．wisdm['wIzdəm]n． 智慧；才智
词性转换
1.death n．死；死亡→dead adj．无生命的
2.shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→shcking adj．令人震惊的→shcked adj．感到震惊的
3. breathe vi．& vt．呼吸→breath n．呼吸
4. revive vt．& vi．复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
5. unify vi．& vt．统一；(使)成一体→unite vi．& vt．团结
6. suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难
目标短语
natural disasters 自然灾害
an air disaster 空难
slide int（使）滑入; 溜进
a fld f 大量的
rescue sb./ sth. frm…从……中营救某人/某物
cause damage t sb/sth对……引起损害
d damage t sb/sth对……造成损害
an animal shelter 动物收容处
shelter sb/sth frm sb/sth保护……免受……
shelter frm sth躲避（风、雨或危险）
.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
in shck 震惊；吃惊
be trapped in…被困在……中
trap sb int（ding）sth诱使某人（做）某事
hld ne’s breath 屏住气
ut f breath 上气不接下气
make an effrt 作出努力
suffer frm 因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）
supply sb with sth = supply sth t sb向某人提供某物
.in the pen air 露天；在户外
survive frm sth从……中幸存下来
nuclear/wind/slar pwer 核 / 风 / 太阳能
pwer cut/failure断电/停电
first aid 急救
rescue n．& vt．援救；营救 rescuer /'reskju:ə(r)/ n. 救援者；救助者
(教材P48)What are the rescue wrkers and sldiers ding in the fldhit area?
救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？
【拓展】cme t/g t sb.’s rescue＝rescue sb. 援救某人
把……从……营救出来
【例句】①They were rescued by helicpter. 他们被直升机救走了。
②When we were trapped in the ruins, the sldiers came t ur rescue．
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
[练习]单句语法填空
①At midnight we finally _____________(rescue) the turists wh were trapped in the valley．
②The firefighters rescued five children _____________ the burning huse yesterday．
【答案】① rescued ②frm
2. strike vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
(教材P54)The undersea quake struck arund 7:00. 海底地震发生在7点左右。
【例句】①The ship struck a rck. 船触礁了。
② They went n strike fr mre mney. 他们为了得到更多的钱而罢工。
3. deliver/ dɪˈlɪvə(r) / vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt. 发表 vt. 接生；生(小孩) ; be delivered f a baby 分娩
(教材P54)Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies. 然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。
【例句】① The president will deliver a speech abut the ecnmic develpment.
总统将就经济发展发表讲话。
② She was delivered f a healthy by. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。
4. affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 effect n．作用；影响
(佳句背诵)As far as I’m cncerned, fllwing thers’ advice withut thinking will affect ur wn decisin．
在我看来，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。
【拓展】affect sb．/sth． 影响某人/某事
be deeply affected by 被深深打动
have an effect n 对……产生影响
【例句】①The disease is beginning t affect his eyesight. 疾病开始侵袭他的视力。
②The illness has affected bth her mental and physical health. 这种疾病损害了她的身心健康。
[练习]单句语法填空
①As we all knw, smking has a bad effect ____________ ur health.
②As far as I’m cncerned, staying up late every day is certain____________(affect) yur health seriusly.
③____________(affect) by the mving stry, he burst int tears.
【答案】① n ②t affect ③Affected
5. aid / eɪd / n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (frmal) 帮助；援助
【拓展】with the aid f 在…的帮助下
first aid 急救
ecnmic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助
【例句】① He succeeded with the aid f a new methd he discvered.
借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。
②T aid the pr farmers, the gvernment prvided them with a lt f mney.
为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。
6. effrt n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
(教材P50)With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city’s peple, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins．
在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新唐山在废墟上建立了。
【拓展】spare n effrt t d sth． 不遗余力做某事
make an effrt t d sth．努力做某事
【例句】①I d believe that all yur effrts will pay ff sner r later．
我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。
②Yu shuld put mre effrt int yur wrk. 你应该更加努力地工作。
[练习]单句语法填空
①If I am lucky enugh t be given such a gd chance，I will spare n effrt ___________(finish) the task.
②As far as I’m cncerned, yu shuld make a greater effrt ___________(study) hard.
【答案】① t finish ②t study
7. shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊 shcked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
(教材P50)Peple were in shck—and then, later that afternn, anther big quake shk Tangshan again．
人们都很震惊——然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。
【拓展】be a shck t... 使……吃惊
be shcked at/by 对……吃惊
be shcked t d sth.做某事很吃惊
【例句】 ①The little by was speechless with shck. 那小男孩惊得说不出话来。
②The news f his death shcked all f us. 他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。
[练习]单句语法填空
①The news f his sudden death is s __________ that everyne is very much __________ at it. (shck)
②The news __________(shck) the public, leading t great cncern abut students’ safety at schl.
③We are __________(shck) that s many peple were injured r died in the earthquake.
【答案】① shcking; shcked ②shcked ③shcked
8. suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffering n. 苦难，痛苦
(教材P51)What kind f help d yu think peple wh have suffered an earthquake need?
你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
【拓展】suffer frm 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer frm cld and hunger忍饥挨冻
suffer lsses/pains遭受损失/痛苦
【例句】①As far as I knw, he has ever suffered frm a serius illness．
据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
[练习]单句语法填空
①Death finally brught an end t her __________(suffer).
②The cmpany ____________________ (遭受巨大损失)as a result f the accident.
③Even if he suffered __________a lt f difficulties，he never gave in．
【答案】① suffering ②suffered a great lss ③frm
9. damage / ˈdæmɪdʒ / vt. 损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失
(教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seul ？ 首尔哪些建筑物受损？
【拓展】cause damage t sb/sth 对……引起损害
d damage t sb/sth 对……造成损害
【例句】①The strm didn't d much damage t crps. 暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。
②Smking seriusly damages yur health. 吸烟严重损害健康。
10. crack /kræk/ n..裂纹 ；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂
(教材P50)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。
【例句】①This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。
②The ice cracked as I stepped nt it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
11.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
(教材P50)It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end！世界似乎要到末日！
【例句】She std at the gate as if she was waiting fr smene. 她站在门口好像在等人。
【拓展】as if的用法：(同as thugh)
as if 后面即可以接陈述语气也可以接虚拟语气,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要用虚拟语气，时态变化形式如下：
①和现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）。
②和过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
③和将来事实相反，从句用wuld/ culd+ d。
Sme peple like t talk abut film stars’ persnal life as if they were clse friends.
一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。
She lves the by as if she were his mther．她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。
It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I had dne it?
打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。
12.breathe / bri:ð / vi.& vt.呼吸 breath /ˈbreθ/ n. 气息；呼吸；一口气
(教材P50)Slwly, the city began t breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。
【拓展】 hld ne’s breath 屏住气
ut f breath 上气不接下气
【例句】It’s gd fr the health t breathe deeply. 做深呼吸对身体有益。
She tk a deep breath. 她做了一次深呼吸。
13. survive / səˈvaɪv/ vt. 幸存；艰难度过; vi.生存；存活 survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 存活；幸存
(教材P52) She's feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake 她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。
【拓展】survive frm sth 从……中幸存下来
survive n sth 依靠……生存
【例句】①Of the six peple injured in the crash, nly tw survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
②Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.
③I think life is a struggle fr survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。
14.ruin /'ru:ɪn/
n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟（多用复数）；in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.
幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。（P50）
The huse has fallen int ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。
In less than ne minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。（P50）
vt. 破坏；毁坏
The crps were ruined by the heavy rain. 农作物被大雨全毁了。
15.trap /træp/
vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 ; be trapped in…被困在……中; trap sb int（ding）sth诱使某人（做）某事
Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。（P50）
Sme f the wrkers were trapped in the ruins. 有些工人被困在废墟中。
n. 险境；陷阱
A fx was caught in a trap. 一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。
16. bury / ˈberi / vt. 埋葬；安葬
I was lking fr my handbag, which was buried under a pile f ld newspapers.
我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
bury ne’s head / neself in… = be buried in… 专心致志于……
My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper.
= My father was buried in his newspaper. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。
17.supply / səˈplaɪ /
n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品
The supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。（P52）
Our water supply has been cut ff. 我们断水了。
vt. 供应；供给
supply sb with sth = supply sth t sb 向某人提供某物
Russia supplies the Eurpean cuntries with natural gas.
= Russia supplies natural gas t the Eurpean cuntries.
俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。
一、单词拼写
1．She tk a deep breath and sat up slwly with great___________ (努力)．
2．I have dreams f this place and wnder what it wuld be like t ___________ (呼吸) this air.
3．Latest reprts say that mudslides ___________ (埋) entire villages.
4．The number f families seeking shelters rse by 17 ___________ (百分比).
5．Dn't leave the lights n.It wastes ___________ (电).
6．I wndered if it was an animal caught in a __________ (陷阱).
7．A great number f peple ___________ (遭受) a great deal in the earthquake.
8．In ancient times, peple believed that they culd be brught back t life after___________ (死亡).
9．A great deal f mney has been cllected t help thse suffering frm the ___________ (洪水).
10．T much drinking will d___________ (伤害) t yur health; yu shuld take the dctr’s advice.
11．All the listeners were greatly ___________ (震惊的) when they heard the terrible news n radi.
12．His parents and his little brther lst their lives in the ___________ (灾难).
二、单句语法填空
1．They treat me as if I ___________(be) a stranger．
2．He ___________ (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
3．It was a ___________stry, and we all gt ___________. (shck)
4．___________ (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn't ntice what was happening.
5．Years f fighting have left the city in ___________ (ruin); it wuld take a lt f mney t rebuild it.
6．A number f teachers ___________present tday, the number f whm ___________300. (be)
7．We have t wait until the discussin between them cmes ___________an end.
8．These ld peple have experienced all kinds f ___________ (suffer) in their difficult times．
9．It rained fr tw weeks n end, cmpletely ___________(ruin) ur hliday．
10．Arund 540 millin peple ___________(affect) by secndhand smke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year．
11．The earthquake was s big that mst f the huses in the small village were cmpletely___________(destry)．
12．When it was my turn t express my pinin, I was___________ nervus t say a wrd．
三、选词填空
eq \x(be trapped in， in ruins， be buried in， dig ut， cme t an end， instead f)
1．After the exam, all the lessns in schl als ___________.
2．It was reprted that an American cuple had___________ a lt f gld cins frm their wn yard.
3．She ___________thught, s she didn't ntice the water was biling.
4．Why dn't yu play ftball ___________ just lking n?
5．The city lay ___________ after the earthquake. Nw, rws f huses are being built.
6．They ___________ the burning building. Please call the fire department right away.
四、完成句子
1．___________he knew everything that happened last night.
他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。
2．If that were true, bth cmpanies wuld ______________________.
如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。
3．Althugh the lady lks elegant, actually she ______________________.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。
4．He ______________________ when I came in.
我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。
5．I ______________________he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息，我非常震惊。
6．S yu can see, I'm far ______________________ giving up!
因此你可以知道，我整天忙于生活，根本没时间去考虑放弃！
参考答案
一、单词拼写
1．She tk a deep breath and sat up slwly with great effrt (努力)．
2．I have dreams f this place and wnder what it wuld be like t breathe (呼吸) this air.
3．Latest reprts say that mudslides buried (埋) entire villages.
4．The number f families seeking shelters rse by 17 percent (百分比)．
5．Dn't leave the lights n.It wastes electricity (电)．
6．I wndered if it was an animal caught in a trap(陷阱)．
7．A great number f peple suffered(遭受) a great deal in the earthquake．
8．In ancient times, peple believed that they culd be brught back t life after death(死亡)．
9．A great deal f mney has been cllected t help thse suffering frm the flds(洪水)．
10．T much drinking will d damage(伤害) t yur health; yu shuld take the dctr’s advice．
11．All the listeners were greatly shcked(震惊的) when they heard the terrible news n radi．
12．His parents and his little brther lst their lives in the disaster(灾难)．
二、单句语法填空
1．They treat me as if I were(be) a stranger．
2．He was_trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
3．It was a shcking stry, and we all gt shcked. (shck)
4．Burying (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn't ntice what was happening.
5．Years f fighting have left the city in ruins (ruin); it wuld take a lt f mney t rebuild it.
6．A number f teachers are present tday, the number f whm is 300. (be)
7．We have t wait until the discussin between them cmes t an end.
8．These ld peple have experienced all kinds f sufferings (suffer) in their difficult times．
9．It rained fr tw weeks n end, cmpletely ruining(ruin) ur hliday．
10．Arund 540 millin peple are_affected(affect) by secndhand smke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year．
11．The earthquake was s big that mst f the huses in the small village were cmpletely destryed(destry)．
12．When it was my turn t express my pinin, I was t nervus t say a wrd．
三、选词填空
eq \x(be trapped in， in ruins， be buried in， dig ut， cme t an end， instead f)
1．After the exam, all the lessns in schl als came_t_an_end.
2．It was reprted that an American cuple had dug_ut a lt f gld cins frm their wn yard.
3．She was_buried_in thught, s she didn't ntice the water was biling.
4．Why dn't yu play ftball instead_f just lking n?
5．The city lay in_ruins after the earthquake.Nw, rws f huses are being built.
6．They are_trapped_in the burning building.Please call the fire department right away.
四、完成句子
1．It_seemed_as_if he knew everything that happened last night.
他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。
2．If that were true, bth cmpanies wuld suffer_a_great_lss.
如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。
3．Althugh the lady lks elegant, actually she is_hard_t_get_alng_with.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。
4．He was_burying_himself_in_studying when I came in.
我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。
5．I was_shcked_t_hear_that he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息，我非常震惊。
6．S yu can see, I'm far t_busy_with_living_t_think_f giving up!
因此你可以知道，我整天忙于生活，根本没时间去考虑放弃！
一、完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In Nvember 2018, the twn f Paradise was nearly destryed by the deadliest wildfire in histry.
Shane Grammer, wh grew up there, fllwed the 1 f the deadly fire frm Ls Angeles. When his childhd friend Edwards psted pictures f his chimney —the 2 part f his huse t survive, the 47-year-ld artist felt 3 . And then he had a(n) 4 .
“I've gt t 5 that chimney,” he said, “I'm nt trying t say anything. It's just that I'm an artist. And it's a chance fr me t 6 myself as an artist.”
On December 31, Grammer made a 7 t Paradise. He spent three hurs painting a prtrait f a wman n his friend's chimney --- a reminder, perhaps, f the beauty f life.
Grammer 8 a pht f the painting nline. It received lts f 9 . Peple were sharing the pst. The victims f the fire, were especially 10 . “Beautiful,” ne said. Anther psted, “Yu 11 beauty and hpe.”
12 , Grammer realized that what he had thught was an artistic expressin had develped int smething 13 . “Art des mve and 14 peple. I knw I have t cme back,” Grammer said. Then he 15 eight times, painting 17 prtraits f victims n chimneys, cars, and wall.
Outside ne huse, he 16 a pht f an eight-year-ld girl. Then he painted a mural (壁画) f her n what was left f her huse. It was, Grammer said, “a stamp that life was here and that life can 17 t be here.”
Grammer's wrk in Paradise has nw becme a 18 . He's traveled the wrld painting murals in dark places that needed sme 19 . ”I want t d smething 20 and create art that mves peple,” he says.
1．A．histryB．newsC．causesD．purpse
2．A．restB．therC．nlyD．first
3．A．helplessB．nervusC．ashamedD．angry
4．A．questinB．messageC．experienceD．idea
5．A．frgetB．paintC．cleanD．wn
6．A．expressB．answerC．learnD．change
7．A．suggestinB．tripC．prmiseD．jke
8．A．sawB．cpiedC．gtD．psted
9．A．attentinB．adviceC．trustD．value
10．A．praisedB．invitedC．tuchedD．treated
11．A．expectB．missC．rememberD．bring
12．A．PssiblyB．SuddenlyC．LuckilyD．Interestingly
13．A．funnierB．harderC．deeperD．stranger
14．A．encurageB．trainC．attractD．satisfy
15．A．triedB．returnedC．appearedD．passed
16．A．sharedB．keptC．fundD．lst
17．A．cntinueB．startC．stpD．seem
18．A．mvementB．discussinC．ruleD．surprise
19．A．prtectinB．freedmC．fireD．light
20．A．ppularB．successfulC．pwerfulD．clrful
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the spring and summer mnths, thunderstrms are cmmn. 21． In thunderstrms, lightning can strike (击中) peple and buildings and is very dangerus.
It was reprted that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phne call under a tree. He died at nce. Yu may nt knw it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstrms are happening at any mment arund the wrld. 22． S what shuld yu d during a lightning strm? Scientists say that a persn’s chances f being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000. 23．
If yu are indrs during a thunderstrm:
＊Stay away frm anything that is metal because lightning can cme int the huse thrugh it.
＊Dn't stand near the windws.
＊Dn't take a shwer r bath. Lightning can travel thrugh water.
＊Never use the phne.24．
If yu are caught in a thunderstrm utdrs:
＊ 25． . If there’s n building arund, try t find a lw place t stay in.
＊D nt g under a tree because the lightning culd hit the tree and travel thrugh the tree t hit yu.
＊Never use a cell phne.
A．Try t get hme as sn as pssible.
B．Since they happen ften, sme peple dn’t take them seriusly.
C．Lightning culd travel thrugh the phne line and hit yu.
D．In fact, many peple are killed by lightning every year.
E.But yu can reduce (减少) thse chances by fllwing these safety rules.
F.But it is very imprtant fr us t learn abut lightning.
G.G int a nearby building r car right away.
三、阅读选择
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Natural disasters take many different frms and can happen withut warning. Earthquakes, flds, vlcanes, drughts, typhns, and hurricanes are all natural disasters.
The earthquake f 26 December 2004 resulted in ne f the wrst natural disasters in living memry. It was a massive underwater quake and ccurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami （海啸）t crss the Indian Ocean. It destryed castlines and cmmunities and brught death and destructin t many peple. The survivrs needed fresh water, fd and shelter as well as medical help. Peple frm all ver the wrld gave mney.
The surface f the Earth has nt always lked as it des tday; it is mving cntinuusly （althugh very slwly） and has dne s fr billins f years. This is ne cause f earthquakes,when ne sectin f the Earth crashes with anther. Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. Hwever, earthquakes d nt always happen n Fault lines, which is why they are s dangerus and unpredictable.
All the disasters are very dangerus and cntinue t kill thusands f peple each year, but they are nwhere near the mst dangerus disaster t ever happen n earth. One type f event in the earth's histry has regularly killed millins f beings: asterid （小行星）impacts （撞击）. Abut nce every millin years the Earth is hit by a piece f rck and ice frm space large enugh t cause massive destructin （including earthquakes, vlcanes and ice ages） and smetimes t kill entire species. Sixty-five millin years ag mre than half the earth's species were killed by such a disaster, including all the dinsaurs（恐龙）. Disasters n the Earth may seem dangerus, but the biggest threat t humans is likely t cme frm space.
26．What did the wrld d when the tsunami ccurred in the Indian Ocean?
A．They gave away mney t the beggars.
B．They spnsred t help the peple survive.
C．They dnated their pssessins t the survivrs.
D．They helped rebuild the castlines and cmmunities.
27．What can scientists predict abut earthquakes?
A．The pssible time.B．The pssible climate.
C．The pssible place.D．The pssible frequence.
28．Which is the best heading that matches Paragraph 3?
A．What d earthquakes destry?B．Why d earthquakes happen?
C．Hw can we prevent earthquakes?D．Which is the mst dangerus natural disaster?
29．Where des the authr think the mst dangerus natural disaster will cme frm?
A．Space.B．Earth.C．Humans.D．Wild animals.
B
An earthquake is ne f the mst cmmn natural disasters. It may cause great damage. S it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members.
Fragile items, like thse made f glass are easily brken and shuld usually be placed n a lwer surface, near the grund instead f placing them n cupbards higher up. Never place them near yur bed, sfas and ther furniture where yu wuld be sitting r lying dwn. When there is a strng mvement, these pieces will fall n the flr directly and nt n yu.
There is a strng chance f shrt circuits (短路) and fire breakuts during an earthquake. Make sure yu turn ff electrical cnnectins and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an bject that is nt easily damaged. D nt g near bjects that culd directly fall n yu. Never use the elevatr t g dwn. Stay inside until the shaking stps and it is safe t g utside. Research has shwn that mst injuries happen when peple inside buildings try t g ut. Use the stairs at all times.
If yu are utdrs, d nt take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric ples r tall buildings. If yu are driving, stp yur car and stay in a safe place. D nt park yur car under a tree r any tall bject.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cver yur muth with a handkerchief r clthing. Tap n a pipe r wall s rescuers can find yu. Use a whistle (哨子) if ne is available. Never shut fr help. Shuting can cause yu t breathe in dangerus amunts f dust. D nt light a match because yu may burn yurself. D nt mve abut r kick up dust.
30．The purpse f the passage is t tell readers _____.
A．the damage caused by earthquakes
B．the rescue wrk after earthquakes
C．what t d abut earthquakes
D．hw t prevent earthquakes
31．The underlined wrd “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 prbably means _____.
A．easily brkenB．easily fundC．expensiveD．heavy
32．During the earthquake, peple are advised t _____.
A．g ut the building at nce
B．turn ff electricity and gas immediately
C．take shelter under a tree
D．drive t a safe place quickly
33．What shuld peple NOT d when they are trapped in debris?
A．Cver their muth with a handkerchief.
B．Tap n a pipe r wall fr help.
C．Use a whistle fr help.
D．Light a match fr help.
答案解析
一、完形填空
1-5 BCADB
6-10 ABDAC
11-15 DBCAB
16-20 CAADC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是天堂镇被火烧了以后，艺术家Shane Grammer在那儿的烟囱上画画来纪念逝去的人们的感人的故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。由“f the deadly fire frm Ls Angeles”可知，此处指Shane Grammer跟踪了来自洛杉矶致命火灾的消息。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。A.rest其余的；B.ther其他的；C.nly唯一的；D.first 第一。由前面的“the deadly fire”可知，起火了，其他东西都烧了，烟囱是他家唯一幸存的部分，故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。A.helpless无望的，无助的；B.nervus紧张的；C.ashamed羞耻的；D.angry 生气的。由“the ___2___ part f his huse t survive”可知他看到这张照片感到无助。故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。由后文的“I've gt t ___5___that chimney”可知，他是有了一个主意，故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。由“It's just that I'm an artist”可知，句子表示“我得粉刷一下烟囱”，故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。A.express表达，展现；B.answer回答；C.learn学；D.change “改变，变化”。由“myself as an artist”可知，这是我展现自己艺术家一面的机会，故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。A.suggestin建议；B.trip旅行；C.prmise承诺；D.jke笑话。根据“t Paradise”可知，他去了Paradise，因此空格处是“旅行”，故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Grammer在网上发了一张这幅画的照片。A.saw看见；B.cpied复制；C.gt得到；D.psted邮寄，张贴。由nline可知，他在网上张贴了他画的画。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。A.attentin注意；B.advice建议；C.trust相信；D.value价值。由“Peple were sharing the pst”可知，它吸引了许多人的注意。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。A.praised表扬；B.invited邀请；C.tuched感动；D.treated对待，治疗。根据上文“It received lts f ___9__”可知，此画吸引了许多人的注意，它感动了受害者。tuched此处是“受感动”。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。A.expect期待，预料；B.miss错过，想念；C.remember记住；D.bring带来。由“beauty and hpe”可知，此处表示“你带来了美丽和希望”，故选D。
12．考查副词词义辨析。A.Pssibly可能；B.Suddenly突然；C.Luckily幸运的是；D.Interestingly 有趣的是。根据“Grammer realized that”可知这是他突然想到的。 故选B。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。A.funnier“更有趣的；B.harder更难的，更硬的；C.deeper更深的；D.stranger更奇怪的。由“what he had thught was an artistic expressin had develped int smething”可知，他所认为的艺术表达已经发展成更深层次的东西。故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。A.encurage鼓励；B.train训练；C.attract吸引；D.satisfy使满意。根据上文的“Yu ____11____ beauty and hpe”可知艺术能感动和鼓励人们，故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。A.tried尽力，尝试；B.returned返回，归还；C.appeared出现；D.passed经过，传递。根据上文“I knw I have t cme back,’Grammer said”可知他返回去了。故选B。
16．考查动词词义辨析。A.shared分享；B.kept保留，维持；C.fund发现；D.lst丢失。根据下文“Then he painted a mural(画)f her n what was left f her huse”可知，他发现了一张8岁的女孩的照片。故选C。
17．考查动词词义辨析。A.cntinue继续；B.start开始；C.stp停止；D.seem看起来。由“life was here and that life can____17____ t be here”可知，这是一个印记，表明生命曾经存在，生命可以继续存在，故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。A.mvement活动，运动；B.discussin讨论；C.rule规则；D.surprise惊讶。由“He's traveled the wrld painting murals in dark places that needed sme ____19___”可知，Grammer在Paradise的工作已经变成了一项活动。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。A.prtectin保护；B.freedm自由；C.fire火；D.light灯，光。由“dark places”可知，黑暗地方需要光，故选D。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。A.ppular流行的；B.successful成功的；C.pwerful强有力的；D.clrful五颜六色的。由“create art that mves peple”可知，我想做一些震撼人心的事，创造能感动人心的艺术，因此空格处是“强有力的”，故选C。
二、七选五
21-25 BDECG
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了雷暴的危害性以及减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。
21．由In the spring and summer mnths, thunderstrms are cmmn 可知， 在春季和夏季，雷暴是常见的。小题1的选项要起到承上启下的作用。故B 选项切题。
22．由but nearly 1,800 thunderstrms are happening at any mment arund the wrld 可知，但是世界上任何时候都有将近1800次雷暴发生。接下来要介绍雷暴对人类造成的危害，故D选项切题
23．由下文的If yu are indrs during a thunderstrm: If yu are caught in a thunderstrm utdrs 可知，下文都在介绍减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。由小题3的位置可以判断出小题3的选项要引起下文。故E选项切题。
24．由Never use the phne 可知，在室内遭遇雷暴时不能用电话。接着要说电话会带来的危害。故C选项切题。
25．由If there's n building arund, try t find a lw place t stay in 可知，如果附近没有建筑，那就找个低矮的地方呆。小题5的选项要告诉我们在室外遭受雷暴时，要马上进入附近的建筑内或者车内。以此来承接下文。故G选项切题。
三、阅读选择
A
26-29 BCBA
【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章通过讲述2004年12月26日发生在印度洋底的地震以及其产生的海啸，说明自然灾害在不知情的情况下会以不同的方式发生；另外讲述了为什么地震如此危险和不可预测的科学原理；接下来讲述6500万年前发生的恐龙大灭绝事件告诉我们所有这些自然灾害发生产生的结果是灾难性的，但对我们人类威胁最大最具灾难性的是太空来物。
26．细节理解题。通过审题定位于第二段末尾：The survivrs needed fresh water, fd and shelter as well as medical help. Peple frm all ver the wrld gave mney.幸存者需要新鲜的水，食物和帐篷，同时需要医疗救援。来自于全世界的人们都捐款了。从这里可以看出他们的幸存靠的是全世界人的捐助和援助。这里spnsr是支援，赞助的意思，取其转义，捐助。因此B选项：They spnsred t help the peple survive.“他们捐助以帮助那里的人生存下来。”切合文意。故选B。
27．细节理解题。审题得知：科学家可以预测地震的什么。定位于：Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line.科学家能预测哪里可能发生这些地震……。故C选项：the pssible place切合文意。故选C。
28．推理判断题。审题得知，第三段最佳标题是什么。浏览信息得知：This is ne cause f earthquakes, when ne sectin f the Earth crashes with anther. 这是地震的原因之一，当地球的一部分撞击另一部分时，产生地震。这里关键词为cause。然后下文讲科学家可以预测地震发生在什么地方。这些都是在告诉我们产生地震的原因是什么。故最佳标题应该与这个有关。而B选项：Why d earthquakes happen?“为什么会发生地震？”切合文意。故选B。
29．细节理解题。审题可以确定关键词信息为：the mst dangerus natural disaster 和cme frm；因此定位于整个文章最后一句：Disasters n the Earth may seem dangerus, but the biggest threat t humans is likely t cme frm space.地球上的灾难也许看起来很危险，但对人类最大的威胁好像来自于太空。这句话自然点明了答案为A选项space。故选A。
B
30-33 CABD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于地震的一些知识，以及当地震来临时的一些安全方面的建议。
30．推理判断题。根据第一自然段中的“S it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members.”和下文讲述的内容都是围绕针对某种可能存在的危险给出安全建议，可知短文的主要目的是介绍地震来临时的一些安全方面的措施。故选C项。
31．词义猜测题。根据文章第二自然段中的“Fragile items, like thse made f glass are easily brken”(像玻璃一样易碎的物品)可知，fragile和easily brken的意思相近。故选A项。
32．细节理解题。根据第三自然段中的“Make sure yu turn ff electrical cnnectins and gas immediately when an earthquake happens”可知，当地震发生时应该关闭电路和气等家用电器。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“D nt light a match because yu may burn yurself.”可知地震时不能点火柴。故选D项。
1. 【2012广东】He walked in as if he ______(buy) the schl.
2. 【2017全国卷I】This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) as a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side_____ ( effect) such as verweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
答案解析
1.答案：had bught 句意：他走进来，似乎他买下了这个学校。as if引导的方式状语从句中，表示和过去事实相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。
2.答案：effects句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有一些意想不到的副作用，像超重和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。根据空前的“sme”及空后的“such as verweight and heart disease”可知用名词复数形式effects。重点单词
1．____________[dI'zɑːstə(r)]n． 灾难；灾害
2．____________[slaId]vi．& vt． (使)滑行；滑动
3．____________[flʌd]n． 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没
4．____________['reskjuː]n．& vt． 营救；救援
5．____________['dæmIdʒ]vt． 损害；破坏 n． 损坏；损失
6．____________[dI'strɔI]vt． 摧毁；毁灭
7．____________[ə'fekt]vt． 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
8．____________['ʃeltə(r)]n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
9．____________['ruːIn]n．& vt． 破坏；毁坏
10．____________[Iˌlek'trIsəti]n． 电；电能
11．____________[træp]vt． 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n． 险境；陷阱
12．____________['beri]vt． 埋葬；安葬
13．____________['efət]n． 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
14．____________['wIzdəm]n． 智慧；才智
词性转换
death n．死；死亡→______________ adj．无生命的
shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→______________ adj．令人震惊的→_______________ adj．感到震惊的
3. breathe vi．& vt．呼吸→______________ n．呼吸
4. revive vt．& vi．复活；(使)苏醒→______________ n．振兴；复苏
5. unify vi．& vt．统一；(使)成一体→______________ vi．& vt．团结
6. suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_______________ n．折磨；苦难
目标短语
_________________ 自然灾害
________________ 空难
________________（使）滑入; 溜进
________________ 大量的
________________从……中营救某人/某物
________________对……引起损害
________________对……造成损害
________________ 动物收容处
________________保护……免受……
________________躲避（风、雨或危险）
________________似乎；好像；仿佛
________________严重受损；破败不堪
________________ 震惊；吃惊
________________被困在……中
________________诱使某人（做）某事
________________屏住气
ut f breath ________________
make an effrt ________________
suffer frm ________________
supply sb with sth = supply sth t sb________________
in the pen air ________________
survive frm sth________________
nuclear/wind/slar pwer ________________
pwer cut/failure________________
first aid ________________
重点语法
定语从句（一）— 关系代词的用法
【答案】
重点单词
1．disaster[dI'zɑːstə(r)]n． 灾难；灾害
2．slide[slaId]vi．& vt． (使)滑行；滑动
3．fld[flʌd]n． 洪水；大量 vi． 淹没；大量涌入 vt． 使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue['reskjuː]n．& vt． 营救；救援
5．damage['dæmIdʒ]vt． 损害；破坏 n． 损坏；损失
6．destry[dI'strɔI]vt． 摧毁；毁灭
7．affect[ə'fekt]vt． 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
8．shelter['ʃeltə(r)]n． 避难处；居所；庇护 vt． 保护；掩蔽 vi． 躲避(风雨或危险)
9．ruin['ruːIn]n．& vt． 破坏；毁坏
10．electricity[Iˌlek'trIsəti]n． 电；电能
11．trap[træp]vt． 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n． 险境；陷阱
12．bury['beri]vt． 埋葬；安葬
13．effrt['efət]n． 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
14．wisdm['wIzdəm]n． 智慧；才智
词性转换
1.death n．死；死亡→dead adj．无生命的
2.shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→shcking adj．令人震惊的→shcked adj．感到震惊的
3. breathe vi．& vt．呼吸→breath n．呼吸
4. revive vt．& vi．复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
5. unify vi．& vt．统一；(使)成一体→unite vi．& vt．团结
6. suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难
目标短语
natural disasters 自然灾害
an air disaster 空难
slide int（使）滑入; 溜进
a fld f 大量的
rescue sb./ sth. frm…从……中营救某人/某物
cause damage t sb/sth对……引起损害
d damage t sb/sth对……造成损害
an animal shelter 动物收容处
shelter sb/sth frm sb/sth保护……免受……
shelter frm sth躲避（风、雨或危险）
.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
in shck 震惊；吃惊
be trapped in…被困在……中
trap sb int（ding）sth诱使某人（做）某事
hld ne’s breath 屏住气
ut f breath 上气不接下气
make an effrt 作出努力
suffer frm 因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）
supply sb with sth = supply sth t sb向某人提供某物
.in the pen air 露天；在户外
survive frm sth从……中幸存下来
nuclear/wind/slar pwer 核 / 风 / 太阳能
pwer cut/failure断电/停电
first aid 急救
rescue n．& vt．援救；营救 rescuer /'reskju:ə(r)/ n. 救援者；救助者
(教材P48)What are the rescue wrkers and sldiers ding in the fldhit area?
救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？
【拓展】cme t/g t sb.’s rescue＝rescue sb. 援救某人
把……从……营救出来
【例句】①They were rescued by helicpter. 他们被直升机救走了。
②When we were trapped in the ruins, the sldiers came t ur rescue．
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
[练习]单句语法填空
①At midnight we finally _____________(rescue) the turists wh were trapped in the valley．
②The firefighters rescued five children _____________ the burning huse yesterday．
【答案】① rescued ②frm
2. strike vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
(教材P54)The undersea quake struck arund 7:00. 海底地震发生在7点左右。
【例句】①The ship struck a rck. 船触礁了。
② They went n strike fr mre mney. 他们为了得到更多的钱而罢工。
3. deliver/ dɪˈlɪvə(r) / vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt. 发表 vt. 接生；生(小孩) ; be delivered f a baby 分娩
(教材P54)Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies. 然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。
【例句】① The president will deliver a speech abut the ecnmic develpment.
总统将就经济发展发表讲话。
② She was delivered f a healthy by. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。
4. affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 effect n．作用；影响
(佳句背诵)As far as I’m cncerned, fllwing thers’ advice withut thinking will affect ur wn decisin．
在我看来，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。
【拓展】affect sb．/sth． 影响某人/某事
be deeply affected by 被深深打动
have an effect n 对……产生影响
【例句】①The disease is beginning t affect his eyesight. 疾病开始侵袭他的视力。
②The illness has affected bth her mental and physical health. 这种疾病损害了她的身心健康。
[练习]单句语法填空
①As we all knw, smking has a bad effect ____________ ur health.
②As far as I’m cncerned, staying up late every day is certain____________(affect) yur health seriusly.
③____________(affect) by the mving stry, he burst int tears.
【答案】① n ②t affect ③Affected
5. aid / eɪd / n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (frmal) 帮助；援助
【拓展】with the aid f 在…的帮助下
first aid 急救
ecnmic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助
【例句】① He succeeded with the aid f a new methd he discvered.
借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。
②T aid the pr farmers, the gvernment prvided them with a lt f mney.
为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。
6. effrt n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
(教材P50)With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city’s peple, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins．
在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新唐山在废墟上建立了。
【拓展】spare n effrt t d sth． 不遗余力做某事
make an effrt t d sth．努力做某事
【例句】①I d believe that all yur effrts will pay ff sner r later．
我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。
②Yu shuld put mre effrt int yur wrk. 你应该更加努力地工作。
[练习]单句语法填空
①If I am lucky enugh t be given such a gd chance，I will spare n effrt ___________(finish) the task.
②As far as I’m cncerned, yu shuld make a greater effrt ___________(study) hard.
【答案】① t finish ②t study
7. shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊 shcked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
(教材P50)Peple were in shck—and then, later that afternn, anther big quake shk Tangshan again．
人们都很震惊——然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。
【拓展】be a shck t... 使……吃惊
be shcked at/by 对……吃惊
be shcked t d sth.做某事很吃惊
【例句】 ①The little by was speechless with shck. 那小男孩惊得说不出话来。
②The news f his death shcked all f us. 他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。
[练习]单句语法填空
①The news f his sudden death is s __________ that everyne is very much __________ at it. (shck)
②The news __________(shck) the public, leading t great cncern abut students’ safety at schl.
③We are __________(shck) that s many peple were injured r died in the earthquake.
【答案】① shcking; shcked ②shcked ③shcked
8. suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffering n. 苦难，痛苦
(教材P51)What kind f help d yu think peple wh have suffered an earthquake need?
你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
【拓展】suffer frm 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer frm cld and hunger忍饥挨冻
suffer lsses/pains遭受损失/痛苦
【例句】①As far as I knw, he has ever suffered frm a serius illness．
据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
[练习]单句语法填空
①Death finally brught an end t her __________(suffer).
②The cmpany ____________________ (遭受巨大损失)as a result f the accident.
③Even if he suffered __________a lt f difficulties，he never gave in．
【答案】① suffering ②suffered a great lss ③frm
9. damage / ˈdæmɪdʒ / vt. 损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失
(教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seul ？ 首尔哪些建筑物受损？
【拓展】cause damage t sb/sth 对……引起损害
d damage t sb/sth 对……造成损害
【例句】①The strm didn't d much damage t crps. 暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。
②Smking seriusly damages yur health. 吸烟严重损害健康。
10. crack /kræk/ n..裂纹 ；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂
(教材P50)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。
【例句】①This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。
②The ice cracked as I stepped nt it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
11.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
(教材P50)It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end！世界似乎要到末日！
【例句】She std at the gate as if she was waiting fr smene. 她站在门口好像在等人。
【拓展】as if的用法：(同as thugh)
as if 后面即可以接陈述语气也可以接虚拟语气,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要用虚拟语气，时态变化形式如下：
①和现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）。
②和过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
③和将来事实相反，从句用wuld/ culd+ d。
Sme peple like t talk abut film stars’ persnal life as if they were clse friends.
一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。
She lves the by as if she were his mther．她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。
It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I had dne it?
打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。
12.breathe / bri:ð / vi.& vt.呼吸 breath /ˈbreθ/ n. 气息；呼吸；一口气
(教材P50)Slwly, the city began t breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。
【拓展】 hld ne’s breath 屏住气
ut f breath 上气不接下气
【例句】It’s gd fr the health t breathe deeply. 做深呼吸对身体有益。
She tk a deep breath. 她做了一次深呼吸。
13. survive / səˈvaɪv/ vt. 幸存；艰难度过; vi.生存；存活 survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 存活；幸存
(教材P52) She's feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake 她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。
【拓展】survive frm sth 从……中幸存下来
survive n sth 依靠……生存
【例句】①Of the six peple injured in the crash, nly tw survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
②Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.
③I think life is a struggle fr survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。
14.ruin /'ru:ɪn/
n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟（多用复数）；in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.
幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。（P50）
The huse has fallen int ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。
In less than ne minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。（P50）
vt. 破坏；毁坏
The crps were ruined by the heavy rain. 农作物被大雨全毁了。
15.trap /træp/
vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 ; be trapped in…被困在……中; trap sb int（ding）sth诱使某人（做）某事
Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。（P50）
Sme f the wrkers were trapped in the ruins. 有些工人被困在废墟中。
n. 险境；陷阱
A fx was caught in a trap. 一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。
16. bury / ˈberi / vt. 埋葬；安葬
I was lking fr my handbag, which was buried under a pile f ld newspapers.
我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
bury ne’s head / neself in… = be buried in… 专心致志于……
My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper.
= My father was buried in his newspaper. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。
17.supply / səˈplaɪ /
n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品
The supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。（P52）
Our water supply has been cut ff. 我们断水了。
vt. 供应；供给
supply sb with sth = supply sth t sb 向某人提供某物
Russia supplies the Eurpean cuntries with natural gas.
= Russia supplies natural gas t the Eurpean cuntries.
俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。
一、单词拼写
1．She tk a deep breath and sat up slwly with great___________ (努力)．
2．I have dreams f this place and wnder what it wuld be like t ___________ (呼吸) this air.
3．Latest reprts say that mudslides ___________ (埋) entire villages.
4．The number f families seeking shelters rse by 17 ___________ (百分比).
5．Dn't leave the lights n.It wastes ___________ (电).
6．I wndered if it was an animal caught in a __________ (陷阱).
7．A great number f peple ___________ (遭受) a great deal in the earthquake.
8．In ancient times, peple believed that they culd be brught back t life after___________ (死亡).
9．A great deal f mney has been cllected t help thse suffering frm the ___________ (洪水).
10．T much drinking will d___________ (伤害) t yur health; yu shuld take the dctr’s advice.
11．All the listeners were greatly ___________ (震惊的) when they heard the terrible news n radi.
12．His parents and his little brther lst their lives in the ___________ (灾难).
二、单句语法填空
1．They treat me as if I ___________(be) a stranger．
2．He ___________ (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
3．It was a ___________stry, and we all gt ___________. (shck)
4．___________ (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn't ntice what was happening.
5．Years f fighting have left the city in ___________ (ruin); it wuld take a lt f mney t rebuild it.
6．A number f teachers ___________present tday, the number f whm ___________300. (be)
7．We have t wait until the discussin between them cmes ___________an end.
8．These ld peple have experienced all kinds f ___________ (suffer) in their difficult times．
9．It rained fr tw weeks n end, cmpletely ___________(ruin) ur hliday．
10．Arund 540 millin peple ___________(affect) by secndhand smke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year．
11．The earthquake was s big that mst f the huses in the small village were cmpletely___________(destry)．
12．When it was my turn t express my pinin, I was___________ nervus t say a wrd．
三、选词填空
eq \x(be trapped in， in ruins， be buried in， dig ut， cme t an end， instead f)
1．After the exam, all the lessns in schl als ___________.
2．It was reprted that an American cuple had___________ a lt f gld cins frm their wn yard.
3．She ___________thught, s she didn't ntice the water was biling.
4．Why dn't yu play ftball ___________ just lking n?
5．The city lay ___________ after the earthquake. Nw, rws f huses are being built.
6．They ___________ the burning building. Please call the fire department right away.
四、完成句子
1．___________he knew everything that happened last night.
他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。
2．If that were true, bth cmpanies wuld ______________________.
如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。
3．Althugh the lady lks elegant, actually she ______________________.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。
4．He ______________________ when I came in.
我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。
5．I ______________________he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息，我非常震惊。
6．S yu can see, I'm far ______________________ giving up!
因此你可以知道，我整天忙于生活，根本没时间去考虑放弃！
参考答案
一、单词拼写
1．She tk a deep breath and sat up slwly with great effrt (努力)．
2．I have dreams f this place and wnder what it wuld be like t breathe (呼吸) this air.
3．Latest reprts say that mudslides buried (埋) entire villages.
4．The number f families seeking shelters rse by 17 percent (百分比)．
5．Dn't leave the lights n.It wastes electricity (电)．
6．I wndered if it was an animal caught in a trap(陷阱)．
7．A great number f peple suffered(遭受) a great deal in the earthquake．
8．In ancient times, peple believed that they culd be brught back t life after death(死亡)．
9．A great deal f mney has been cllected t help thse suffering frm the flds(洪水)．
10．T much drinking will d damage(伤害) t yur health; yu shuld take the dctr’s advice．
11．All the listeners were greatly shcked(震惊的) when they heard the terrible news n radi．
12．His parents and his little brther lst their lives in the disaster(灾难)．
二、单句语法填空
1．They treat me as if I were(be) a stranger．
2．He was_trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
3．It was a shcking stry, and we all gt shcked. (shck)
4．Burying (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn't ntice what was happening.
5．Years f fighting have left the city in ruins (ruin); it wuld take a lt f mney t rebuild it.
6．A number f teachers are present tday, the number f whm is 300. (be)
7．We have t wait until the discussin between them cmes t an end.
8．These ld peple have experienced all kinds f sufferings (suffer) in their difficult times．
9．It rained fr tw weeks n end, cmpletely ruining(ruin) ur hliday．
10．Arund 540 millin peple are_affected(affect) by secndhand smke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year．
11．The earthquake was s big that mst f the huses in the small village were cmpletely destryed(destry)．
12．When it was my turn t express my pinin, I was t nervus t say a wrd．
三、选词填空
eq \x(be trapped in， in ruins， be buried in， dig ut， cme t an end， instead f)
1．After the exam, all the lessns in schl als came_t_an_end.
2．It was reprted that an American cuple had dug_ut a lt f gld cins frm their wn yard.
3．She was_buried_in thught, s she didn't ntice the water was biling.
4．Why dn't yu play ftball instead_f just lking n?
5．The city lay in_ruins after the earthquake.Nw, rws f huses are being built.
6．They are_trapped_in the burning building.Please call the fire department right away.
四、完成句子
1．It_seemed_as_if he knew everything that happened last night.
他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。
2．If that were true, bth cmpanies wuld suffer_a_great_lss.
如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。
3．Althugh the lady lks elegant, actually she is_hard_t_get_alng_with.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。
4．He was_burying_himself_in_studying when I came in.
我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。
5．I was_shcked_t_hear_that he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息，我非常震惊。
6．S yu can see, I'm far t_busy_with_living_t_think_f giving up!
因此你可以知道，我整天忙于生活，根本没时间去考虑放弃！
一、完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In Nvember 2018, the twn f Paradise was nearly destryed by the deadliest wildfire in histry.
Shane Grammer, wh grew up there, fllwed the 1 f the deadly fire frm Ls Angeles. When his childhd friend Edwards psted pictures f his chimney —the 2 part f his huse t survive, the 47-year-ld artist felt 3 . And then he had a(n) 4 .
“I've gt t 5 that chimney,” he said, “I'm nt trying t say anything. It's just that I'm an artist. And it's a chance fr me t 6 myself as an artist.”
On December 31, Grammer made a 7 t Paradise. He spent three hurs painting a prtrait f a wman n his friend's chimney --- a reminder, perhaps, f the beauty f life.
Grammer 8 a pht f the painting nline. It received lts f 9 . Peple were sharing the pst. The victims f the fire, were especially 10 . “Beautiful,” ne said. Anther psted, “Yu 11 beauty and hpe.”
12 , Grammer realized that what he had thught was an artistic expressin had develped int smething 13 . “Art des mve and 14 peple. I knw I have t cme back,” Grammer said. Then he 15 eight times, painting 17 prtraits f victims n chimneys, cars, and wall.
Outside ne huse, he 16 a pht f an eight-year-ld girl. Then he painted a mural (壁画) f her n what was left f her huse. It was, Grammer said, “a stamp that life was here and that life can 17 t be here.”
Grammer's wrk in Paradise has nw becme a 18 . He's traveled the wrld painting murals in dark places that needed sme 19 . ”I want t d smething 20 and create art that mves peple,” he says.
1．A．histryB．newsC．causesD．purpse
2．A．restB．therC．nlyD．first
3．A．helplessB．nervusC．ashamedD．angry
4．A．questinB．messageC．experienceD．idea
5．A．frgetB．paintC．cleanD．wn
6．A．expressB．answerC．learnD．change
7．A．suggestinB．tripC．prmiseD．jke
8．A．sawB．cpiedC．gtD．psted
9．A．attentinB．adviceC．trustD．value
10．A．praisedB．invitedC．tuchedD．treated
11．A．expectB．missC．rememberD．bring
12．A．PssiblyB．SuddenlyC．LuckilyD．Interestingly
13．A．funnierB．harderC．deeperD．stranger
14．A．encurageB．trainC．attractD．satisfy
15．A．triedB．returnedC．appearedD．passed
16．A．sharedB．keptC．fundD．lst
17．A．cntinueB．startC．stpD．seem
18．A．mvementB．discussinC．ruleD．surprise
19．A．prtectinB．freedmC．fireD．light
20．A．ppularB．successfulC．pwerfulD．clrful
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the spring and summer mnths, thunderstrms are cmmn. 21． In thunderstrms, lightning can strike (击中) peple and buildings and is very dangerus.
It was reprted that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phne call under a tree. He died at nce. Yu may nt knw it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstrms are happening at any mment arund the wrld. 22． S what shuld yu d during a lightning strm? Scientists say that a persn’s chances f being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000. 23．
If yu are indrs during a thunderstrm:
＊Stay away frm anything that is metal because lightning can cme int the huse thrugh it.
＊Dn't stand near the windws.
＊Dn't take a shwer r bath. Lightning can travel thrugh water.
＊Never use the phne.24．
If yu are caught in a thunderstrm utdrs:
＊ 25． . If there’s n building arund, try t find a lw place t stay in.
＊D nt g under a tree because the lightning culd hit the tree and travel thrugh the tree t hit yu.
＊Never use a cell phne.
A．Try t get hme as sn as pssible.
B．Since they happen ften, sme peple dn’t take them seriusly.
C．Lightning culd travel thrugh the phne line and hit yu.
D．In fact, many peple are killed by lightning every year.
E.But yu can reduce (减少) thse chances by fllwing these safety rules.
F.But it is very imprtant fr us t learn abut lightning.
G.G int a nearby building r car right away.
三、阅读选择
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Natural disasters take many different frms and can happen withut warning. Earthquakes, flds, vlcanes, drughts, typhns, and hurricanes are all natural disasters.
The earthquake f 26 December 2004 resulted in ne f the wrst natural disasters in living memry. It was a massive underwater quake and ccurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami （海啸）t crss the Indian Ocean. It destryed castlines and cmmunities and brught death and destructin t many peple. The survivrs needed fresh water, fd and shelter as well as medical help. Peple frm all ver the wrld gave mney.
The surface f the Earth has nt always lked as it des tday; it is mving cntinuusly （althugh very slwly） and has dne s fr billins f years. This is ne cause f earthquakes,when ne sectin f the Earth crashes with anther. Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. Hwever, earthquakes d nt always happen n Fault lines, which is why they are s dangerus and unpredictable.
All the disasters are very dangerus and cntinue t kill thusands f peple each year, but they are nwhere near the mst dangerus disaster t ever happen n earth. One type f event in the earth's histry has regularly killed millins f beings: asterid （小行星）impacts （撞击）. Abut nce every millin years the Earth is hit by a piece f rck and ice frm space large enugh t cause massive destructin （including earthquakes, vlcanes and ice ages） and smetimes t kill entire species. Sixty-five millin years ag mre than half the earth's species were killed by such a disaster, including all the dinsaurs（恐龙）. Disasters n the Earth may seem dangerus, but the biggest threat t humans is likely t cme frm space.
26．What did the wrld d when the tsunami ccurred in the Indian Ocean?
A．They gave away mney t the beggars.
B．They spnsred t help the peple survive.
C．They dnated their pssessins t the survivrs.
D．They helped rebuild the castlines and cmmunities.
27．What can scientists predict abut earthquakes?
A．The pssible time.B．The pssible climate.
C．The pssible place.D．The pssible frequence.
28．Which is the best heading that matches Paragraph 3?
A．What d earthquakes destry?B．Why d earthquakes happen?
C．Hw can we prevent earthquakes?D．Which is the mst dangerus natural disaster?
29．Where des the authr think the mst dangerus natural disaster will cme frm?
A．Space.B．Earth.C．Humans.D．Wild animals.
B
An earthquake is ne f the mst cmmn natural disasters. It may cause great damage. S it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members.
Fragile items, like thse made f glass are easily brken and shuld usually be placed n a lwer surface, near the grund instead f placing them n cupbards higher up. Never place them near yur bed, sfas and ther furniture where yu wuld be sitting r lying dwn. When there is a strng mvement, these pieces will fall n the flr directly and nt n yu.
There is a strng chance f shrt circuits (短路) and fire breakuts during an earthquake. Make sure yu turn ff electrical cnnectins and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an bject that is nt easily damaged. D nt g near bjects that culd directly fall n yu. Never use the elevatr t g dwn. Stay inside until the shaking stps and it is safe t g utside. Research has shwn that mst injuries happen when peple inside buildings try t g ut. Use the stairs at all times.
If yu are utdrs, d nt take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric ples r tall buildings. If yu are driving, stp yur car and stay in a safe place. D nt park yur car under a tree r any tall bject.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cver yur muth with a handkerchief r clthing. Tap n a pipe r wall s rescuers can find yu. Use a whistle (哨子) if ne is available. Never shut fr help. Shuting can cause yu t breathe in dangerus amunts f dust. D nt light a match because yu may burn yurself. D nt mve abut r kick up dust.
30．The purpse f the passage is t tell readers _____.
A．the damage caused by earthquakes
B．the rescue wrk after earthquakes
C．what t d abut earthquakes
D．hw t prevent earthquakes
31．The underlined wrd “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 prbably means _____.
A．easily brkenB．easily fundC．expensiveD．heavy
32．During the earthquake, peple are advised t _____.
A．g ut the building at nce
B．turn ff electricity and gas immediately
C．take shelter under a tree
D．drive t a safe place quickly
33．What shuld peple NOT d when they are trapped in debris?
A．Cver their muth with a handkerchief.
B．Tap n a pipe r wall fr help.
C．Use a whistle fr help.
D．Light a match fr help.
答案解析
一、完形填空
1-5 BCADB
6-10 ABDAC
11-15 DBCAB
16-20 CAADC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是天堂镇被火烧了以后，艺术家Shane Grammer在那儿的烟囱上画画来纪念逝去的人们的感人的故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。由“f the deadly fire frm Ls Angeles”可知，此处指Shane Grammer跟踪了来自洛杉矶致命火灾的消息。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。A.rest其余的；B.ther其他的；C.nly唯一的；D.first 第一。由前面的“the deadly fire”可知，起火了，其他东西都烧了，烟囱是他家唯一幸存的部分，故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。A.helpless无望的，无助的；B.nervus紧张的；C.ashamed羞耻的；D.angry 生气的。由“the ___2___ part f his huse t survive”可知他看到这张照片感到无助。故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。由后文的“I've gt t ___5___that chimney”可知，他是有了一个主意，故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。由“It's just that I'm an artist”可知，句子表示“我得粉刷一下烟囱”，故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。A.express表达，展现；B.answer回答；C.learn学；D.change “改变，变化”。由“myself as an artist”可知，这是我展现自己艺术家一面的机会，故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。A.suggestin建议；B.trip旅行；C.prmise承诺；D.jke笑话。根据“t Paradise”可知，他去了Paradise，因此空格处是“旅行”，故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Grammer在网上发了一张这幅画的照片。A.saw看见；B.cpied复制；C.gt得到；D.psted邮寄，张贴。由nline可知，他在网上张贴了他画的画。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。A.attentin注意；B.advice建议；C.trust相信；D.value价值。由“Peple were sharing the pst”可知，它吸引了许多人的注意。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。A.praised表扬；B.invited邀请；C.tuched感动；D.treated对待，治疗。根据上文“It received lts f ___9__”可知，此画吸引了许多人的注意，它感动了受害者。tuched此处是“受感动”。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。A.expect期待，预料；B.miss错过，想念；C.remember记住；D.bring带来。由“beauty and hpe”可知，此处表示“你带来了美丽和希望”，故选D。
12．考查副词词义辨析。A.Pssibly可能；B.Suddenly突然；C.Luckily幸运的是；D.Interestingly 有趣的是。根据“Grammer realized that”可知这是他突然想到的。 故选B。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。A.funnier“更有趣的；B.harder更难的，更硬的；C.deeper更深的；D.stranger更奇怪的。由“what he had thught was an artistic expressin had develped int smething”可知，他所认为的艺术表达已经发展成更深层次的东西。故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。A.encurage鼓励；B.train训练；C.attract吸引；D.satisfy使满意。根据上文的“Yu ____11____ beauty and hpe”可知艺术能感动和鼓励人们，故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。A.tried尽力，尝试；B.returned返回，归还；C.appeared出现；D.passed经过，传递。根据上文“I knw I have t cme back,’Grammer said”可知他返回去了。故选B。
16．考查动词词义辨析。A.shared分享；B.kept保留，维持；C.fund发现；D.lst丢失。根据下文“Then he painted a mural(画)f her n what was left f her huse”可知，他发现了一张8岁的女孩的照片。故选C。
17．考查动词词义辨析。A.cntinue继续；B.start开始；C.stp停止；D.seem看起来。由“life was here and that life can____17____ t be here”可知，这是一个印记，表明生命曾经存在，生命可以继续存在，故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。A.mvement活动，运动；B.discussin讨论；C.rule规则；D.surprise惊讶。由“He's traveled the wrld painting murals in dark places that needed sme ____19___”可知，Grammer在Paradise的工作已经变成了一项活动。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。A.prtectin保护；B.freedm自由；C.fire火；D.light灯，光。由“dark places”可知，黑暗地方需要光，故选D。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。A.ppular流行的；B.successful成功的；C.pwerful强有力的；D.clrful五颜六色的。由“create art that mves peple”可知，我想做一些震撼人心的事，创造能感动人心的艺术，因此空格处是“强有力的”，故选C。
二、七选五
21-25 BDECG
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了雷暴的危害性以及减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。
21．由In the spring and summer mnths, thunderstrms are cmmn 可知， 在春季和夏季，雷暴是常见的。小题1的选项要起到承上启下的作用。故B 选项切题。
22．由but nearly 1,800 thunderstrms are happening at any mment arund the wrld 可知，但是世界上任何时候都有将近1800次雷暴发生。接下来要介绍雷暴对人类造成的危害，故D选项切题
23．由下文的If yu are indrs during a thunderstrm: If yu are caught in a thunderstrm utdrs 可知，下文都在介绍减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。由小题3的位置可以判断出小题3的选项要引起下文。故E选项切题。
24．由Never use the phne 可知，在室内遭遇雷暴时不能用电话。接着要说电话会带来的危害。故C选项切题。
25．由If there's n building arund, try t find a lw place t stay in 可知，如果附近没有建筑，那就找个低矮的地方呆。小题5的选项要告诉我们在室外遭受雷暴时，要马上进入附近的建筑内或者车内。以此来承接下文。故G选项切题。
三、阅读选择
A
26-29 BCBA
【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章通过讲述2004年12月26日发生在印度洋底的地震以及其产生的海啸，说明自然灾害在不知情的情况下会以不同的方式发生；另外讲述了为什么地震如此危险和不可预测的科学原理；接下来讲述6500万年前发生的恐龙大灭绝事件告诉我们所有这些自然灾害发生产生的结果是灾难性的，但对我们人类威胁最大最具灾难性的是太空来物。
26．细节理解题。通过审题定位于第二段末尾：The survivrs needed fresh water, fd and shelter as well as medical help. Peple frm all ver the wrld gave mney.幸存者需要新鲜的水，食物和帐篷，同时需要医疗救援。来自于全世界的人们都捐款了。从这里可以看出他们的幸存靠的是全世界人的捐助和援助。这里spnsr是支援，赞助的意思，取其转义，捐助。因此B选项：They spnsred t help the peple survive.“他们捐助以帮助那里的人生存下来。”切合文意。故选B。
27．细节理解题。审题得知：科学家可以预测地震的什么。定位于：Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line.科学家能预测哪里可能发生这些地震……。故C选项：the pssible place切合文意。故选C。
28．推理判断题。审题得知，第三段最佳标题是什么。浏览信息得知：This is ne cause f earthquakes, when ne sectin f the Earth crashes with anther. 这是地震的原因之一，当地球的一部分撞击另一部分时，产生地震。这里关键词为cause。然后下文讲科学家可以预测地震发生在什么地方。这些都是在告诉我们产生地震的原因是什么。故最佳标题应该与这个有关。而B选项：Why d earthquakes happen?“为什么会发生地震？”切合文意。故选B。
29．细节理解题。审题可以确定关键词信息为：the mst dangerus natural disaster 和cme frm；因此定位于整个文章最后一句：Disasters n the Earth may seem dangerus, but the biggest threat t humans is likely t cme frm space.地球上的灾难也许看起来很危险，但对人类最大的威胁好像来自于太空。这句话自然点明了答案为A选项space。故选A。
B
30-33 CABD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于地震的一些知识，以及当地震来临时的一些安全方面的建议。
30．推理判断题。根据第一自然段中的“S it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members.”和下文讲述的内容都是围绕针对某种可能存在的危险给出安全建议，可知短文的主要目的是介绍地震来临时的一些安全方面的措施。故选C项。
31．词义猜测题。根据文章第二自然段中的“Fragile items, like thse made f glass are easily brken”(像玻璃一样易碎的物品)可知，fragile和easily brken的意思相近。故选A项。
32．细节理解题。根据第三自然段中的“Make sure yu turn ff electrical cnnectins and gas immediately when an earthquake happens”可知，当地震发生时应该关闭电路和气等家用电器。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“D nt light a match because yu may burn yurself.”可知地震时不能点火柴。故选D项。
1. 【2012广东】He walked in as if he ______(buy) the schl.
2. 【2017全国卷I】This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) as a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side_____ ( effect) such as verweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
答案解析
1.答案：had bught 句意：他走进来，似乎他买下了这个学校。as if引导的方式状语从句中，表示和过去事实相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。
2.答案：effects句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有一些意想不到的副作用，像超重和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。根据空前的“sme”及空后的“such as verweight and heart disease”可知用名词复数形式effects。重点单词
1．____________[dI'zɑːstə(r)]n． 灾难；灾害
2．____________[slaId]vi．& vt． (使)滑行；滑动
3．____________[flʌd]n． 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没
4．____________['reskjuː]n．& vt． 营救；救援
5．____________['dæmIdʒ]vt． 损害；破坏 n． 损坏；损失
6．____________[dI'strɔI]vt． 摧毁；毁灭
7．____________[ə'fekt]vt． 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
8．____________['ʃeltə(r)]n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
9．____________['ruːIn]n．& vt． 破坏；毁坏
10．____________[Iˌlek'trIsəti]n． 电；电能
11．____________[træp]vt． 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n． 险境；陷阱
12．____________['beri]vt． 埋葬；安葬
13．____________['efət]n． 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
14．____________['wIzdəm]n． 智慧；才智
词性转换
death n．死；死亡→______________ adj．无生命的
shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→______________ adj．令人震惊的→_______________ adj．感到震惊的
3. breathe vi．& vt．呼吸→______________ n．呼吸
4. revive vt．& vi．复活；(使)苏醒→______________ n．振兴；复苏
5. unify vi．& vt．统一；(使)成一体→______________ vi．& vt．团结
6. suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_______________ n．折磨；苦难
目标短语
_________________ 自然灾害
________________ 空难
________________（使）滑入; 溜进
________________ 大量的
________________从……中营救某人/某物
________________对……引起损害
________________对……造成损害
________________ 动物收容处
________________保护……免受……
________________躲避（风、雨或危险）
________________似乎；好像；仿佛
________________严重受损；破败不堪
________________ 震惊；吃惊
________________被困在……中
________________诱使某人（做）某事
________________屏住气
ut f breath ________________
make an effrt ________________
suffer frm ________________
supply sb with sth = supply sth t sb________________
in the pen air ________________
survive frm sth________________
nuclear/wind/slar pwer ________________
pwer cut/failure________________
first aid ________________
重点语法
定语从句（一）— 关系代词的用法
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