牛津版 (深圳&广州)八年级上册（2013秋审查）Unit 2 Numbers教案设计

        八上 U2  Numbers  语法（基数词，序数词）

【学习目标】

掌握基数词和序数词的用法及综合运用

【课前小测】

1. —Where were you born, Michael?

—I was born in a small village with only three ______ people.

hundred     B. hundreds     C. hundreds of

2. —Hi, Andy! There are ______ floors in this building. Which floor do you live on?

—I live on the ______ floor.

A. thirty; twenty-second    B. thirty; twenty-two  C. thirtieth; twenty-two

3. Li Ming will be ____. His parents are going to have a party for his ____ birthday.

A. sixteen; sixteenth    B. sixteen; the sixteenth   C. sixteen; sixteen

4. —Welcome to Los Angeles. Have you ever been here?

—Sure. I visited this city three years ago, so this is my ____ time here.

A. first    B. second    C. third

5 ____ Kobe's fans watched his final match and  ____ of them are men.

A. Million of; three fourths    B. Three million; third four C. Millions of; three fourths

6. —Yan Jiashuo, a ____ girl, has won the prize of International Master Memory.

—Wow, she's great, isn't she?

A. ten-year-old     B. ten-years-old     C. ten years old

【要点梳理】

基数词与序数词

1. 基数词

表示数目多少的数词称为基数词，意思表示为“几、几个”其基本构成如下：

1. 1~12 的英文表达没有规律可循，需要同学们逐个牢记。

2. 13~19 的英文表达由“ 个位数+ 后缀⁃teen”构成。其中13(thirteen) ，15(fifteen)，18(eighteen)发生拼写变化。

3. 20~99 之间的整十的数，由“2~9+后缀⁃ty”构成。其中20(twenty)，30(thirty)，40(forty)，50(fifty)，80(eighty) 发生拼写变化。个位数不为零的两位数，在十位数与个位数中间加连字符“⁃”。如：25(twenty⁃five)，34(thirty⁃four)。

4. 整百的数由“百位数+hundred”构成；非整百的三位数，在百位数与十/ 个位数中间要用and 连接。如：325 （three hundred and twenty ⁃five）， 503(five hundred and three)。

5. 整千的数由“千位数+thousand”构成；非整千的四位数，由千位数直接加百、十、个位数构成。如：2,138（two thousand one hundred and thirty⁃eight）。

6. hundred，thousand，million，billion 的前面有具体数字时不能用复数形式，但在表示不确切的数时，要用复数形式，后面要加of。如：5,000（five thousand），数以百计的（hundreds of）。

7.英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。

2、序数词

表示顺序先后的数词称为序数词，意思表示为“第几”其构成如下：

1. 1~19

除了first ( 第一)，second ( 第二) 和third (第三)为特殊变化外，其余均由“基数词+后缀⁃th”构成。其中注意fifth(第五)，eighth (第八)，ninth (第九)，twelfth(第十二)的拼法变化。

2. 20~99

20 以上的序数词，先将基数词词尾y 改成i，然后再加⁃eth。如：twentieth(第二十)。非整十的序数词，它的十位数为基数词，只将个位数变为序数词。如：forty⁃first (第四十一)，fifty⁃second (第五十二)，ninety⁃sixth (第九十六)。

3. 100-999,1000-9999整百/ 千的序数词由“百/ 千位数+

hundred / thousand / ...+后缀⁃th”构成，

如：two hundredth (第二百)；

非整百/ 千的数，末位数用序数词，前位数用基数词。

如：one hundred and thirty⁃eighth( 第一百三十八)，three hundred and third(第三百零三)。

基数词变序数词口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾要加th .一二三,特殊记,词尾分别tdd (first second third ) 八去t ,九去e,ve要用f替.ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记. 若遇几十几,只变个位就可以.

序数词如下：

【拓展】

（1）序数词主要用作定语，通常在前面加定冠词the. 但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用定冠词the。

    Mr Lin lives on the fifth floor.  Simon is his third child.

(2)如果序数词前出现不定冠词，a 或 an 表示再，又。

    You’ll have to do it a second time.

(3)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如：thirty-sixth,

(4)表示日期

         Today is the fifth of March.今天是3月5日。

（5）序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如：1/5→one fifth ; 2/3→ two thirds ; 4/7→ four sevenths ; 1/2→ a half ; 1/4→a quarter ; 3/4→ three quarters ; 50%→ fifty hundredths ( fifty percent).

分数作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.

  Two fifths of the milk ______(be ) drunk by Tom .

  One third of the students _______(be )girls .

3、数词的用法：

（1）表示年份：

结构: 1).月 日,年  (日用序数词,年用基数词)

    注:年份的读法: 先读前两位数,再读后两位数. 读日时要加the.

1900 --- nineteen hundred    1807--- one thousand eight hundred and seven

2008 --- two thousand and eight 

 2).日 月 年   (the +序数词+of +月, 年)

2007年3月21日---the twenty-first of March ,two thousand and seven.

               --- March the twenty-first ,two thousand and seven.

2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.

12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December；2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.

（3）表示时刻： 5：15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8：30→ eight thirty或half past eight ; 10：45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.

（4）表示编号： 结构:名词(首字母要大写) + 基数词 = the +序数词 +名词

  Lesson One = the first lesson

Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five; Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine

（5）小数的读法：5.7→ five point seven,  0.16 →zero point one six.

（6）“半”的表达： 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half. 

（7）序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,若前面有人称代词所有格修饰时，则不加the

加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。

如：the eleventh birthday of me  =  my eleventh birthday    

Tom was the first student to arrive at school this morning.

The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗？)

（8）表示时间间隔：每……/每隔……（多久）  数词前加every

 every ten days  =every ninth day  每十天(每隔九天)

  即：every +基数词 +复数名词 = every + (序数词-1) +单数名词

（9）.表示年代和年龄：基数词的复数形式

  1)表示年代: in the + 年份的复数   在几世纪几十年代.

在十九世纪七十年代 1890s  In the nineteen seventies

  2)表年龄: in one’s + 整十的复数    表示在某人几十岁时

在他四十岁时 in his forties

加减乘除的表达.

1. “加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。

2+3=? 可表示为： How much is two plus three?

2+3=5 Two plus three is five.

Two and three is equal to five.

Two and three make five.

Two added to three equals five.

If we add two to/and three, we get five.

2. “减”用 minus或 take from表示

10－6＝?　How much is ten minus six?

10-6=4Ten minus six is four.

Take six from ten and the remainder is four.

Six (taken) from ten is four.

3. “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示

3X4＝? How much is three times four?

3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve.

Multiply three by four，we get twelve.

Three multiplied by four makes twelve.

4. “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示

16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four?

16÷4＝4Sixteen divided by four is four.

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.

【总结】

【当堂小测】

一、单项选择。

 1.Because of the special situation this year, about ________ of the students in our school ________ having classes on the Internet at home.

A. two thirds; are       B. two third; is       C. second thirds; are   D. two thirds; is

2  ______ is the most difficult of all the lessons.

    A. Lesson Six  B. The Lesson Six     C. Lesson Sixth         D. The Lesson Sixth

3 There are about _______ students in our school.

   A. two thousand  B. two thousand of  C. two thousands         D. two thousands of

4 The famous writer read _______ books in his life.

    A. thousand    B. thousands        C. thousand of       D. thousands of

5 There are _______ months in a year and the _______ is December.

    A. twelve; twelve    B. twelve; twelfth  C. twelfth; twelfth       D. twelfth; twelve

6 — How old is your sister? — She is ______.

    A. 10 year      B. 10 years     C. 10 years old     D. 10-year -old

7 — Will you come to my ____ birthday party next Friday, Susan?

   — Yes, of course. And I’ll bring a nice gift for you.

   A. eighteen    B. eighteens    C. eighteenth       D.  the eighteenth

8 Twenty-one ______ by three is seven.

    A. added       B. divided         C. multiplied        D. subtracted

9 Thirteen plus nine equals ______.

    A. twenty two      B. twenty second  C. twenty-two     D. twenty-second

10 Two multiplied ______ five is ten.

      A. by            B. in                  C. on                      D. at

二、用英语单词表达下列数字。

1        38 ____________________________________________

2        101____________________________________________ 

3        222 _____________________________________________

4  8, 245, 099 ________________________________________

5  第11 ___________________________________________  

6  第509_____________________________________________

7  10+5=15 __________________________________________

8  29-14=15 ___________________________________________

9  5×6=30 ______________________________________________

10  80÷5=16 _________________________________________________

【课后作业】

一、语法选择。

There are more than 7 billion people in the world today and (1) ___________ population is still growing. Two (2) __________ years ago, there were only around 250 million people in the world. Over the next 1700 years, the number doubled to 500 million. (3) __________ the next 200 years, the world population grew to one million. Now, the population is doubling every forty years.

Why is the world population now (4) __________ so quickly? A long time ago, there were no hospitals or doctors. People often died young: About 200 years ago, doctors began to learn more (5) __________ what (6) __________ people sick. They learnt (7) __________ to make people well again, (8) ___________ people began to live longer lives. There (9) __________ more families. More families meant more people. Then the population of the world began to grow faster and faster.

What will happen if the population does not stop growing? It will make (10) __________ more and more difficult for us all. (11) ___________ people mean more population. The water in our rivers will become too dirty (12) __________. The air will become (13) ___________ too.

We (14) __________ do something now, before we destroy (15) __________ and our beautiful world.

(1) A. a          B. an         C. the       D. /

(2) A. thousand         B. thousands       C. thousand     D. thousands of

(3) A. At         B. In      C. On     D. For

(4) A. grow        B. grows          C. grew      D. growing

(5) A. about         B. from       C. of     D. to

(6) A. making        B. made      C. makes     D. make

(7) A. how     B. how much    C. how many   D. how soon

(8) A. although       B. but      C. and    D. so

(9) A. are       B. were      C. will be    D. have

(10) A. living     B. lives     C. life        D. live

(11) A. many         B. more         C. much      D. most

(12) A. drink          B. drinks        C. drinking     D. to drink

(13) A. dirty          B. dirtier      C. dirtiest     D. more dirty

(14) A. must         B. may        C. need      D. can

(15) A. our         B. we        C. us          D. ourselves

二、阅读理解

A young man worked very hard at his lessons. He was too busy to have a rest. At last, he became ill, so he couldn’t go to sleep. Every night, when he went to bed, he closed his eyes and tried to sleep. But he always stayed awake and couldn’t fall asleep.

  After some days, he decided to see a doctor. “I just can’t go to sleep at night. What should I do? Could you please help me?”

“I have a suggestion(建议)，”said the doctor. “Try counting numbers. By the time you reach one thousand, you’ll be asleep. I’m sure of it.”

  The next day the man returned to the doctor’s office. “Well,” said the doctor, how are you today? Did you try my suggestion?”

 The man still looked tired. “Yes,” he said, “I tried counting one , two, three—up to one thousand. But when I reached five hundred and sixty-nine, I began to feel sleepy. I had to get up and drink some tea so that I could go on counting up to one thousand. But then I still couldn’t fall asleep.”

1.The young man couldn’t go to sleep because_________________.                       。

A. he was worried about his homework

B. he worked too hard and became ill

C. he didn’t finish doing his lessons

D. there was a lot of noise there and he couldn’t have a rest

2.The doctor asked the young man____________.             .

A. to put all numbers from I to 1000 together

B. to take some medicine and go to bed earlier

C. to count numbers while he was lying in bed

D. to count numbers before he went to bed

3.The young man returned to the doctor’s office the next day because_________.            .

A. he wanted to ask the doctor how to count the numbers

B. he wanted to thank the doctor

C. he was better and wanted some more medicine

D. he still couldn’t go to sleep at night

4.The young man ____________.              .

A. counted from 569 to 1000

B. counted from 1 to 1000 and fell asleep

C. counted from 1 to 569 and got up to drink some tea

D. counted from 1 to 569 and fell asleep

5.The young man________________  in fact.

A. didn’t understand the doctor’s suggestion

B. wasn’t ill at all

C. was not able to count numbers

D. didn’t try the doctor’s suggestion