2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：5.3



[话题单词]
1．environment n． 环境
2．construction n． 建筑
3．condition n． 情况，状态；条件
4．quality n． 质量
5．convenient adj. 方便的
6．predict v． 预测
7．comfortable adj. 舒适的
8．automatic adj. 自动的
9．harmonious adj. 和谐的
10．communication n． 通讯；交流
11．realize v． 实现，意识到
12．expansion n． 扩张
13．unavoidable adj. 不可避免的
14．effect n． 影响，结果
15．furthermore adv. 而且；再者
[话题短语]
1．as for关于；至于
2．live a/an...life过……的生活
3．living standard生活水平
4．be satisfied/content with对……感到满意
5．bring about引起
6．prove by experiment用实验证明
7．in storage储存
8．be meaningful to sth.对……有意义
9．have/has a special experience有一段不同寻常的经历
10．potential ability潜能
11．modern technology现代科技
12．high－tech products高科技产品
13．make full use of充分利用
14．by this means以这种方式
15．make a new discovery有新发现
[话题佳句]
1．It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.
毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来了方便和舒适。
2．I'm convinced that it will be more convenient for people to do shopping online in the future.
我相信未来人们网上购物会变得更加方便。
3．Computers have replaced humans in many areas of our life，making our work much easier and more efficient.
在我们生活的很多领域电脑已经代替了人类，使得我们的工作更容易、更高效。
4．After five days of fantastic space trip，the two astronauts walked out of the spaceship，tired but happy.
五天美妙的太空旅行之后，两位宇航员走出宇宙飞船，疲劳但非常幸福。
5．With the development of science and technology，more and more scientific inventions are being made，which brings great convenience to our daily life.
随着科技的发展，出现了越来越多的科学发明，这给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的便利。
[佳作背诵]
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Mike来信询问你对未来世界智能化的猜想和看法，请你给他写封回信，要点如下：
1．自己对未来世界智能化的猜想；
2．发表你自己的看法。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：智能的intelligent
Dear Mike，
Thank you for your last letter，and I do have some wild imagination about the future.
.
Dear Mike，
Thank you for your last letter，and I do have some wild imagination about the future.
I believe in about ten years，we will enter an entirely new era of“everything intelligent”．In this new age，intelligent robots will come into service in every field.They can both work as our personal assistants in life and act as our secretaries at work.Besides，all the terminal devices in our daily life，such as watches，glasses，bags，cars，tables，etc.will become intelligent，which means we will be wholly surrounded by a large number of intelligent devices.
In my view，with science and technology developing rapidly，the new era will make everything convenient for us so that we can enjoy a smarter and more comfortable life.
What about your opinion？Look forward to your reply!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①aspect n．方面；层面
②previous adj.在前的；早先的
③lack vi.& vt.缺乏 n．缺乏
④material n．原料；材料
⑤adjust vt.调整；使适应
adjustment n．调整；调节
⑥instant n．瞬间；片刻
adj.立即的；立刻的
instantly adv.马上
⑦impression n．印象；感想；印记 impress v．使留下印象
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
⑧constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地
2．阅读单词
①tablet n. 药片
②postage n. 邮费
③dustbin n. 垃圾箱
④citizen n．公民；居民
⑤fasten vt.扎牢；扣住
⑥recycle vt. 回收；再循环
⑦swallow vt.吞下；咽下
⑧sideways adv. 斜向一边的
⑨capsule n．(药)胶囊；太空舱
⑩switch v．& n. 开关，转换，改变⑪mask n. 口罩；面罩(具)；遮盖物 v. 戴面具
⑫slide n．幻灯片，滑道 v．滑行，滑动
⑬uncertain adj.不确定的；难以置信的
⑭steward n．(火车、飞机、轮船等)男服务员；男乘务员
⑮greed n．贪欲；贪婪→greedy adj.贪吃的；贪婪的
⑯settlement n．定居；解决→settle v．定居；解决
⑰tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→ tolerance n．容忍；忍受
⑱press vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n. 按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力
⑲motivation n．动机→ motivate vt. 刺激；使有动机，促动，激发
⑳surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的→surround vt.围绕
ecology n．生态；生态学→ecologic adj.生态的；生态学的→ecologist n．生态学者
optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的optimist n．乐观主义者；乐天派pessimistic adj.(反义词)悲观(主义)的
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．A baby can only receive sense impressions(impress)，but it can't understand them.
2．He studied chemistry and then switched (switch)to biology.
3．Turn the volume down，please.I have little tolerance(tolerate)for noise.
4．There was no one at the reception desk，so he pressed(press)a bell for service.
5．Lacking (lack)confidence can lead to a lot of sufferings.
6．The direction of the wind is constantly (constant)changing.
7．The train started instantly (instant)he was on board and he sighed in relief.
8．You have to make an adjustment (adjust)to the new environment.
9．Tom is having a hard time getting used to new surroundings (surround)in London.
10．Guided (guide)by the sun，they walked towards their destination through the woods.

1．单复数意义不同的名词集锦
①good 善行，利益；goods 货物
②brain 脑髓；brains 脑力，智慧
③custom 习惯，风俗；customs 海关，关税
④instruction 教授；传授；instructions 用法说明；操作指南
⑤look 脸色，看；looks 容貌
⑥pain 痛苦；pains 辛苦，努力
⑦sand 沙子；sands 沙滩
⑧time 时间；times 时代
2．“－ment”为后缀的名词速记
①appointment n．约会；约定；预约
②argument n．争吵；论据
③arrangement n．安排；布置
④assessment n．估计；评估
⑤development n．发展；开发
3．“观点；态度”的高频形容词
①positive 积极的
②negative 消极的
③subjective 主观的
④objective 客观的
⑤neutral 中立的
⑥critical 批评的
⑦doubtful 怀疑的
⑧approving 满意的
4．与“环保”有关的单词
①recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
②renewable adj.可再生的
③preserve v．保护，保存
④greenhouse n．温室
⑤pollutant n．污染物
5．“指导”大集合
①guide 指引；指导
②direct 指导；导演
③instruct 指导；教导
④conduct 指引；指导
⑤coach 指导；训练
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋副词(介词)
①sweep up 打扫；横扫
②slide into 移动；溜进
③take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续
④speed up 加速
2．动词＋名词＋介词
①lose sight of 看不见……
②catch sight of 看见……
3．be＋形容词＋介词
①be similar to... 与……相似
②be optimistic about 对……感到乐观
4．其他形式
be back on one's feet(困境后)恢复；完全复原
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．I watched the plane go higher and higher until I lost sight of it.
2．Many countries are faced with the problem about how to speed up economic development.
3．Before moving into his new apartment，Peter had it swept up.
4．The boy slid into his bedroom without being seen by his parents.
5．After his operation，the old man was back on his feet again.
6．The child lost sight of his mother in the supermarket，worried，crying bitterly.

1．“be＋adj.＋about”必备短语荟萃
①be certain/sure about 确信
②be disappointed about 对……感到失望
③be mad about 对……入迷
④be nervous about 为……感到不安
⑤be anxious about 为……忧虑
⑥be serious about 对……认真
2．“be＋adj.＋to”必备短语一览
①be cruel to 对……残酷
②be equal to 等于，能胜任
③be familiar to 为(某人)所熟悉
④be harmful to 对……有害
⑤be polite to 对……有礼貌
⑥be respectful to 尊敬
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.Which problems do you think people will have overcome in one thousand years?
你认为一千年后人们将会克服哪些问题？
特殊疑问词＋do you think＋特殊疑问句的其他部分。
你认为谁是做这项工作的最佳人选？
Who do you think is the best person to do the work？
2.Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
形容词(短语)作状语。
又累又渴，他走进一家茶馆，一个机器人侍者迅速过来招待他。
Tired and thirsty，he went into a tea－house and a robot waiter quickly came up to serve him.
3.Inside was an exhibition of the most up－to－date inventions of the 31st century.
太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。
完全倒装。
坐在前面的是一位老人，他给我们讲述了长征的故事。
Ahead sat the old man who told us the stories about the Long March.
4.Well，now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.
现在，这里有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
where引导定语从句，修饰抽象名词。
学生应该参加社区活动，他们从中能获得成长经验。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
An Air Crash
I was a previous typist in a post office.1.Because I couldn't tolerate typing any more postage bills or postcodes on a typewriter every day，I resigned.
With a greedy 2.motivation(motivate) of making big money，I took up working as a business representative for the G．E Ecology Company,3.which produced goods by recycling useful materials from our dustbins.My new job left me good 4.impressions(impress) in many aspects except that the working timetable was full of traveling by jets.
Once,5when speeding up，our jet was swallowed by a thunderstorm，which destroyed our GPS receiver and made us lose sight of the directions.A 6.constantly(constant) flashing light showed that our jet was in danger.A steward instantly asked us to put 7.on masks and fasten the safety belts，and then pressed a button to switch on the 8.escaping(escape) capsule.It slid sideways out of the opening at once and landed in a desert area safely .Lacking food and tablets，we were nervous and uncertain at first.But we all kept 9. optimistic (optimist) and made good adjustment to the situation.We swept up the surrounding mud to make our settlement and were back on our feet soon.Finally，10.guided(guide) by the smoke of our crashing jet，some local citizens came by carriages and saved us.


tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
(教材原句)At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。
拓展词：tolerance n．容忍；忍耐力
tolerant adj.忍受的，容忍的；宽容的
(1)tolerate doing sth. 容忍做某事
can't tolerate/bear/stand(doing)sth.无法忍受(做)某事
(2)be tolerant of/towards对……容忍
[要点释疑]
tolerate当“忍受”讲时，相当于stand，bear，put up with。
(1)Children at school have been taught how to be tolerant(tolerate) of(＝show tolerance of)others' mistakes or errors，which will be of a great advantage to their character-building.
孩子们在学校里被教会了如何包容他人的错误或过失，这对于他们品格的培养大有裨益。
(2)单句语法填空
①If I were her staff，I really wouldn't tolerate being scolded(scold)by her every day.
②Tolerance(tolerate)consists in respecting the opinions of others.
(3)写作能力提升
我们不能容忍他的错误。
①We cannot tolerate his mistakes.(tolerate)
②We cannot be tolerant of his mistakes.(tolerant)
③We cannot stand/bear his mistakes.(stand/bear)
④We cannot put up with his mistakes.(put up with)
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)They tolerate(tolerance) long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.
lack vi&vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺的东西
(教材原句)Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
拓展词：lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的
(1)lack sth.＝lack for sth.缺乏……
(2)a/the lack of缺乏……
have no lack of...不缺乏……
for/by/from/through lack of sth.因缺乏……；因没有……
(3)be lacking in在……方面缺乏
[要点释疑]
(1)lack用作名词时常与介词of搭配，有时也可以和不定冠词连用，如：a lack of food缺乏食物。
(2)lack用作动词时，既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，若作不及物动词，后常接for或in。
(3)lack作动词时不可用于被动语态。
(1)None of his plans ever comes through because he lacks(lack) determination.他的计划没有一个成功，因为他没有决心。
(2)语境活用
His girlfriend thought that he must be a rich person lacking(lack)for nothing/who lacked(lack)for nothing.In fact，he couldn't afford to buy even a small flat for lack of money.But he lacked(lack)the courage to tell her the truth.
他的女朋友认为他是个什么都不缺的富人。事实上，因为没有钱，他甚至连很小的公寓也买不起。但他一直缺乏告诉她真相的勇气。
(3)写作能力提升
①Lack of confidence/Lacking confidence in his study reliably accounts for why he makes little progress.
②He lacks confidence/is lacking in confidence in his study，which accounts for why he makes little progress.他在学习上信心不足，这就是他不能取得进步的原因。
require vt. 需要；要求；命令；想要；务必
(教材原句)All the members are required to attend the meeting.全部会员均要求出席会议。
拓展词：requirement n．需要(品)；要求(物)
(1)meet/satisfy one's requirement 达到/满足要求
(2)require doing/to be done/sb. is required to do sth. 需要做……
require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
require that.../It is required that...从句中要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should可省略)
[要点释疑]
(1) require that...；It's required that...，“要求/命令……”，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略。
(2)requirement后面的表语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should可以省略)。
(1)The new task requires(require) hard efforts of us.
这项新任务需要我们付出艰辛的努力。
(2)The school rules require that our classrooms require cleaning/to be cleaned(clean) every day.
校规要求我们的教室需要每天打扫。
(3)语境活用——用require的适当形式填空
Students are required to get 20 scores in one term.Anyone who fails to meet that requirement of the courses will fail.

take up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据；从事
(教材原句)I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.
我仍然不能相信我是在接受这个去年获得的奖励。
take off脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；匆匆离开
take over接管；获得对……的控制或管理
take apart拆开；拆卸
take for把……视作；误认为
take...for granted认为……理所当然
take down写下，记下；拆除
take back收回(诺言)
take in吸收；领会；欺骗
take on呈现；雇用；承担；装载
(1)Sometimes，the smallest things take up the most room in your heart.
有时候占据你内心最多空间的是那些最细小的事。
(2)写出下列句中take up的含义
①Playing computer games and watching TV take up much of my spare time.占用
②When did you take up painting？开始从事
③Tom took up the story where John had left off.继续
④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受
⑤Mrs Green took up her bag and left the room.拿起
(3)用take相关短语的适当形式填空
①I put the telephone down and took up my work again.
②Peter will take over as managing director when Bill retires.
③Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.
④He took off his glasses and started to read the report.
⑤He didn't take in what I read because his mind was on something else.
speed up加速
(教材原句)When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up，we pressed down hard on the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go.
当我们想让气垫车加速时，我们就用力踏驱动踏板，并且向想去的方向俯身。
(1)speed by飞驰而过
(2)at a speed of以……速度
with (all) speed尽快地
at high/great/low/slow/full speed以高/低/全速
gain/gather/pick up speed加速
reduce speed减速
[要点释疑]
表示抽象、模糊的速度时，speed前的介词往往用with，如with speed，with all speed，with great/amazing speed；而表示极端或具体的速度时，往往用at，如at full speed，at high speed，at top speed，at low speed，at ordinary speed，at a speed of...。
(1)Once these difficulties were got over，the work would speed up.一旦克服了这些困难，工作进展就快了。
(2)We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.
我们必须加快经济改革的步伐。
(3)用speed相关短语的适当形式填空
①The police car is running at a speed of 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.
②When we're travelling at high speed/with (all) speed，the passing countryside just seems a blur(模糊不清)．
③The rise in the cost of living has been speeding up in recent years.
④After the train pulled out of the station，the woman turned her attention to the landscape speeding by.

Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
exhausted为形容词在句中作原因状语。形容词(短语)作状语修饰全句或说明主语的状态，表示时间、原因、让步、结果、伴随状态或方式状语等。
形容词(短语)和分词(短语)作状语的语法功能：
(1)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
(2)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
(3)表示方式，相当于一个副词。
(4)表示伴随，相当于一个并列句。
(5)表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
(1)He lay on the bed，awake (wake)．
他躺在床上，醒着。
(2)We arrived home very late，safe (safely) and sound.
我们到家很晚，安然无恙。
(3)Determined (determine) to change his position，he gave up his hobbies and worked hard.
决心改变这种状况，他放弃了自己的爱好，努力工作。
(4)Seriously injured (injure)，some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
因严重受伤，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的医院。
Well，now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.现在，这里有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
[要点释疑]
当先行词为system，case，point，position，situation，stage，activity，job，scene，condition等词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句，有时where可用in which替换。
抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语则需要关系代词that或which。
(1)We live in a society where exchanging presents is an important part of communication.在我们生活的社会里，互赠礼物是人际交往的重要组成部分。
(2)All the neighbours admire this family，where/in which the parents are treating their child like a friend.
邻居们都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭中父母对待孩子像朋友一样。
(3)单句语法填空
①After graduation I'd like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.
②The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
③Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.
(4)写作能力提升
①You reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.(用“介词＋关系代词”改写)
You reach a point in any project in which you just want to get the thing finished.
②He no longer belongs to where he lives.(用where引导的定语从句改写)
He no longer belongs to the place where he lives.
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There is a(n) switch(开关)on the wall for turning on the lights.
2．Recycling(循环利用)the textbooks instead of throwing them away is a good idea.
3．The volunteer in the Rio Olympics guided (指引) them back to the seats.
4．Keeping an optimistic (乐观的)state of mind is good for health.
5．Students will get the development at the aspect (方面)of not only intellectual education but also moral education and physical culture.
6．We are taking off now.Please fasten (系牢)your safety belt.
7．The man is looking at the railway timetable (时刻表) to find the time of the train.
8．To our pity，the project had to be abandoned for lack (缺乏)of funds.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Despite his lack experience，he got the job.在lack后加of
2．We must never lose the sight of the fact that man must live in harmony with nature.去掉第一个the
3．We had better set up a system which we can work efficiently and equally.which→where
4．Our physics teacher said that light travels at the speed of 300,000 km per second.the→a
5．He spent seven days in the wind and snow，coldly and hungry.coldly→cold
6．As far as I know，the school can't tolerate cheat in the exam.cheat→cheating
7．Worrying about her daughter，the mother came to see her yesterday.Worrying→Worried
8．After he retired from office，Mr. White took on painting for a while，but soon lost interest.on→up
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Li Qiang couldn't believe that he had traveled to the year AD 3008 in 1.a time capsule.
2．Because this was his first trip，he was worried and 3.unsettled (settle) so that he suffered 4.from“time lag”．Besides，he was hit by the lack of fresh air.His guide，Wang Ping，who was very 5.understanding (understand)，gave him some green tablets and a mask,6.which helped him overcome the 7.problems (problem)．
Then，Li Qiang experienced something new.He flew above the ground in a hovering carriage.8.Arriving (arrive) home，he 9.was shown (show) into a large，bright clean room with a wall of trees.After eating something，he fell sound 10.asleep(sleep) in the bed that was produced from the floor.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
It was my first visit a space station considered the most modern in space.Describing as an enormous round plate，it spins slowly in space to imitate a pull of the earth's gravity.Inside were an exhibition of the more up－to－date inventions of the 31st century.A guide showed us around three stop.In the first stop，I saw the“thought－pad”used for send messages.In the second stop，we were on the “environment area”．There was a waste machine which could swallow all the waste availably.The third stop showed us to how the goods were manufactured by robots.
答案：
It was my first visit a space station considered the most modern in space. as an enormous round plate，it spins slowly in space to imitate pull of the earth's gravity.Inside an exhibition of the up－to－date inventions of the 31st century.A guide showed us around three .In the first stop，I saw the“thought－pad”used 或 messages.In the second stop，we were the“environment area”．There was a waste machine which could swallow all the waste .The third stop showed us to\ how the goods were manufactured by robots.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．我对将来的生活很乐观。
2．到那时，我们生存的环境会更舒适、漂亮。
3．因为太阳能及风能的充分利用，人们将不再担心缺乏能源。
4．家家都有机器人，机器人可以帮助人们打扫卫生、做饭、照看孩子等。
5．只需按一下开关，你的汽车就可以飞往四面八方。
6．这就是我们未来的生活。
I'm optimistic about life in the future.By that time the surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful.People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy，and wind energy will have been made full use of .There will be robots in every family，which can help people sweep up the houses，cook meals，look after the babies and so on.Only by pressing a switch can your car run in all directions.This is what our life will be like in the future.