2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：5.5



[话题单词]
1．drown n． 溺水
2．shock n． 休克
3．fever n． 发烧
4．cough n． 咳嗽
5．harmful adj. 有害的
6．proper adj. 合理的
7．optimistic adj. 乐观的
8．injury n． 损伤；伤害
9．bleed vi.&vt. 流血
10．choke vi.&vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息
11．poison n．&vt. 毒药；使中毒
12．treat vt.&vi. 治疗
13．cure vt. 治愈
14．apply vt. 涂；敷
15．ambulance n． 救护车
[话题短语]
1．tidy up收拾
2．wipe off擦掉
3．be good/bad for对……有益/有害
4．suffer from遭受，患上
5．build up增强……的体质
6．get into the habit of养成……的习惯
7．have a great influence on对……有很大的影响
8．get injured/wounded受伤
9．give/lend sb.a hand帮助
10．with care仔细地，认真地
[话题佳句]
1．There is no doubt that it is necessary to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.
毫无疑问，懂得一些急救知识很有必要，因为危险无处不在，事故时时发生。
2．When our hand bleeds，treat it in time.
手流血时，一定要及时处理。
3．If the cut is not serious，press it firmly and soon it will stop bleeding.
如果伤口不严重，紧紧按住伤口，很快就不流血了。
4．In a word，it is essential that we should have a good knowledge of first aid.
总之，掌握急救知识是必要的。
[佳作背诵]
假如你是李华，是你校英语校报的小记者，近期校报开设了“急救知识”专栏，请你根据以下要点写一篇英语短文投稿，介绍被狗咬伤后如何进行急救。
1．先在流动的冷水下冲洗伤口若干分钟；
2．冲洗之后用酒精(alcohol)继续擦洗伤口；
3．伤口不宜包扎，尽量暴露出来；
4．立即去医院注射狂犬疫苗(rabies vaccine)。
Knowing a knowledge of first aid makes a difference to one's life.If you're bitten by a dog，what should you do？Here are some ways for you to deal with the wound.
First，you should wash the wound with cold running water for several minutes as soon as possible before you are sent to hospital.It would be painful，but stand it for a while until the wounded part is cleaned.After that，you should continue scrubbing the wound using alcohol to prevent it from being infected with bacteria.What's more，you'd better not bandage the wound，leaving it exposed to the air as much as possible.The most important thing to do is go to a hospital immediately to inject rabies vaccine.
Remember these tips and maybe you will save others' lives some day.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①pour vt.&.vi.倒；灌；注；涌
②squeeze vt.& vi.榨；挤；压榨
③complex adj.&n.复杂的
④damage n．& vt. 毁坏， 损害
⑤ mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地
⑥firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的
firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地
⑦treat vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待 treatment n．对待；款待
⑧bear vt.& vi.忍受 unbearable adj.难以忍受的；难以容忍的
⑨poison n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒 →poisonous adj.有毒的
⑩apply vt.& vi.涂；应用；申请；使用 applicant n．申请人 →application n．申请
⑪pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press v．按；压；挤
⑫injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.弄伤……；损伤→injured adj.受伤的
⑬bleed vi.&vt.流血→blood n．血；血液→bloody adj.出血的；血染的
⑭bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地
⑮electricity n. 电；电流 electric adj. 电的；用电的；电动的 electrical adj. 电气科学的；与(用)电有关的 electronic adj. 电子的；电子器件的
2．阅读单词
①choke n．& v. 窒息
②basin n. 水盆， 脸盆
③ambulance n. 救护车
④damp adj. & n. 潮湿(的)
⑤barrier n．屏障，障碍(物)
⑥throat n．咽喉，喉咙
⑦symptom n．症状；征兆
⑧ceremony n. 典礼， 仪式， 礼节
⑨bandage n．绷带
⑩ankle n．踝，踝关节
⑪scissors n．剪刀，剪子
⑫sleeve n．袖子，袖套
⑬wrist n. 手腕， 腕关节
⑭kettle n. (烧水用的)水壶
⑮cupboard n. 碗柜；橱柜
⑯ray n. 光辉， 光线；射线
⑰liquid n．& adj. 液体；液体的
⑱temporary adj. 短暂的，暂时的
⑲blouse n．宽罩衫；(妇女、儿童穿的)短上衣
⑳tissue n．(人，动植物的)组织；纸巾；薄的织物
stove n. (供烹饪用的 )火炉， 煤炉， 电炉
remove vt. 移动， 拿走， 脱掉(衣服等)
vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
essential adj. 最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的
variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性) various adj.各种各样的→ vary v．变化
tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的 tightly adv.紧紧地，坚固地，牢固地
swell vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→ swollen adj.肿胀的
infection n．传染(病)；感染→ infect vt. 传染；染上；感染
nerve n．神经；神经紧张→ nervous adj. 神经(质)的；紧张的
shock vt. 使震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→ shocked adj. 震惊的；愤慨的
organ n．(人，动物)器官；风琴→organism n．生物；有机体 → organic adj. 有机的；器官的
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．I firmly(firm)believe that the harder we work，the better our future will be.
2．He said mildly (mild)to me that he didn't mean to upset me.
3．The people in the flooded area fought bravely (brave) against the natural disaster.
4．The burning plastic gave off poisonous(poison)gas，which is harmful to our health.
5．Tom got badly injured (injury)in the car accident.
6．The rain came pouring (pour)down and of course the football game was cancelled.
7．If not treated (treat)properly，the infection can be very stubborn.
8．She cut her finger on a piece of glass and it bled (bleed)．
9．These days，I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure (press)on me.
10．We like to live a life full of variety (variety)．

1．“忍受”家族速记
①bear vt.忍受，容忍；bearable adj.可忍受的，可容忍的；unbearable adj.难以忍受的
②tolerate vt.忍受，容忍；tolerance n．宽容，容忍；tolerant adj.容忍的，忍受的
③stand vt.忍耐，忍受，经得起
④put up with 忍受，容忍
⑤suffer from 遭受，忍受
⑥hold with 容忍
2．后缀－ure构成的抽象名词集锦
①adventure 冒险(经历)
②architecture 建筑学
③failure 失败
④mixture 混合物
⑤pressure 压力；压迫(感)
⑥pleasure 快乐，高兴
3．“－al”为后缀的形容词速记
①historical adj.历史的
②digital adj.数码的
③electrical adj.用电的；与电有关的
④equal adj.相等的；平等的
⑤physical adj.身体的
⑥mental adj.精神的
4．与“急救”有关的高频词汇集锦
①injury n． 损伤；伤害
②bleed vi.& vt. 流血
③poison n．& vt. 毒药；使中毒
④apply vt. 涂；敷
⑤treat vt.& vi. 治疗
5．“帮助”家族
①aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助
②favour n． 帮助；好意
③assist vt. 帮助；协助
④assistance n． 帮助；协助
⑤support n．& vt. 支持；帮助
⑥sponsor vt. 赞助
6．“be＋过去分词＋in”短语
①be absorbed in 专心于……
②be lost in 陷入……；专心致志于……
③be caught in 被困在……
④be trapped in陷入困境；被困于……
⑤be buried in 埋头于……
⑥be occupied in 忙于……
⑦be/get stuck in 卡住；陷入……
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋副词/介词
①squeeze out 榨出；挤出
②apply to 应用到……；apply for 申请；请求
2．动词＋形容词
①fall ill 生病
②get burned 烧伤
③get injured 受伤
3．介词＋名词
in place 在适当的位置；适当
4．其他形式
①make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
②put one's hands on 找到
③over and over again 反复；多次
④a number of 许多；若干
⑤a variety of各种各样的
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．Everything should be put in place before we leave the lab.
2．His teacher has told him over and over again not to do that but he won't listen.
3．Arriving in London，Tom suddenly fell ill because he couldn't bear the weather there.
4．John got injured in the football match last week.
5．The garden offers a variety of attractions.
6．Please squeeze out water of the wet clothes before hanging them.

1．fall构成的短语再记
①fall ill/asleep/silent 生病/睡着/沉默
②fall back 撤退，后退
③fall behind 落后，落伍
④fall down 倒下，落下，掉下，病倒，失败
⑤fall into 陷入，养成
⑥fall off 掉下，衰退
⑦fall over 摔倒，落在……上，(头发)披在肩上
⑧fall into a habit of 养成……习惯
⑨fall in love with 爱上(某人)
⑩fall into ruins 成为废墟
2．make a＋n.短语荟萃
①make a difference 有差别，有关系，很重要
②make a mistake 弄错
③make a point 阐述观点
④make a promise 许诺
⑤make a will 立下遗嘱
⑥make a note of 记下
⑦make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗
⑧make a point of doing 强调；决心，坚持
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
状语从句的省略。
在课堂上记笔记时，你最好尽可能多地理解。
In class，you'd better understand as much as possible while (you're) taking notes.
2.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。
be doing...when...“正在做……这时……”。
我们正在讨论问题，这时有人敲门。
We were discussing the problem when someone knocked at the door.
3.There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技巧，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
There's no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。
毫无疑问，掌握这项技能非常重要。
There is no doubt that it is very important to master the skill.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
First Aid
A boy fell ill.His 1.organs(organ) were damaged by the radiation of a ray stove.But 2.before the ambulance arrived，a number of other injuries happened to this unlucky boy over and over again.First，he was choked by some 3.poisonous(poison) liquid from the kettle on the cupboard.Then his wrist skin was burnt by 4.electric(electricity) shock.Finally，his ankle was cut by a pan.
5.Fortunately(fortune) ，the boy's nurse gave him proper temporary treatments according to his complex symptoms.She mildly squeezed 6.the poisonous liquid out of his throat and put bandages firmly in place to apply 7.pressure(press) to the ankle wound to stop bleeding.8.As for the burn，she used scissors to remove his sleeve，poured a basin of cold water over the burn to cool it and put her hands on a damp blouse to cover his swollen tissue tightly.She also inspired his bravery 9.to fight(fight) against the unbearable pain.Her first aid made a vital difference in saving his life.A ceremony was held to honour the nurse 10.who overcame a variety of barriers to save the boy.


vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
(教材原句)If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立即送去看医生或送往医院至关重要。
be vital to/for对……很重要
It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要
It is vital that...重要的是……(从句谓语动词要用should＋动词原形，should可以省略)
(1)There is no doubt that the education of the youth is vital to the future of a country.毫无疑问，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
(2)Your support is vital for the success of my plan.
你的支持对我的计划能否成功关系重大。
(3)It is vital that children(should)receive good education.重要的是孩子们要受到良好的教育。
(4)写作能力提升
①It is absolutely vital that the matter (should) be kept secret.
②It is absolutely vital for the matter to be kept secret/to keep the matter a secret.这件事要保密，这是至关重要的。
treat vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待
n．款待；招待
(教材原句)John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.
约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。
拓展词：treatment n．治疗；对待；处理
(1)treat sb./sth.as...把某人/某物看作……
treat sb.badly/well虐待某人/对某人好
treat sth.seriously严肃认真地对待某事
treat sb.to sth.请某人吃某物；用某物招待某人
treat sb.for sth.治疗某人某种疾病
(2)(It's)my treat.我请客。
under treatment在治疗中
(1)Treat others in the same way you want to be treated(treat). 己所不欲，勿施于人。
(2)Life is too short to wake up with regrets，so love the people who treat you right，and forget the ones who don't.
生命太短暂，不要带着遗憾醒来。所以，爱那些对你好的人，忘掉那些对你不好的人。
(3)写作能力提升
If he was treated in a proper way，he was likely to be saved.
①If treated in a proper way，he was likely to be saved.(改为省略句)
②Treated in a proper way，he was likely to be saved.(用过去分词作状语改写)
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.
apply vi.申请；请求；使用；有效
vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用
(教材原句)He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，直到警察和救护车到来。
拓展词：applied adj.应用的；实用的
application n．应用；适用；申请
applicant n．申请人
apply sth.to sth.将某物应用于某物
apply to...适用于……
apply for...申请……
apply to...for...向……申请……
apply oneself to (doing) sth.＝be applied to(doing) sth.专心于(做)某事
be applied to适用于；应用于
(1)We should know not only the theory but also how to apply it to practice.我们不仅应知道理论，还应知道怎样把理论应用于实践。
(2)语境活用
The applicant(apply)applied himself to applying(apply)for a post for teaching applied(apply) chemistry，saying that he would apply what he learnt to his teaching.
这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作，并且说他会把他所学到的应用到他的教学中去。
(3)写作能力提升
①If you apply yourself to the job in hand，you'll soon finish it.(条件状语从句)
②Applying yourself to the job in hand，you'll soon finish it.(现在分词作状语)
③Applied to the job in hand，you'll soon finish it.(过去分词作状语)
如果你专心于手头的工作，你很快就会将它完成。
(4)单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江卷)I'm writing to apply(apply) to join it，thinking that I'm well qualified for the job.
②(2018·北京卷)They come to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot，and they leave with real-world applications(apply) for what they're studying in the classroom.

fall ill生病；病倒
(教材原句)First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
急救是在医生到来之前给予那个突然生病或受伤的人的一种临时救助。
fall asleep入睡＝fall into sleep
fall to pieces崩溃，倒塌
fall in love with爱上；喜欢上
fall over跌倒/翻倒/落到……上
fall off掉下，脱落；(数量、质量等)下降
fall behind落后
fall silent沉默
fall awake清醒
[要点释疑]
fall ill表示动作，短暂性动词短语，不与一段时间状语连用；be ill表示生病的状态，延续性动词短语，可与一段时间状语连用。
(1)Since he fell ill，his daughter has been acting for him in all his affairs.自他病倒以来，他女儿一直代他处理着他的全部事务。
(2)She has been(be) ill since the day before yesterday.That's why she is absent today.从前天起她就病倒了，那就是她今天没来的原因。
(3)语境活用
Lily fell(fall)in love with a boy so that she fell behind others in her studies.In fact，she became so tired of all her subjects that she would fall asleep(sleep)immediately she saw the textbooks.If her teacher asked her why she hadn't handed in her homework，she would lie that she had fallen (fall)ill the day before and couldn't do any work.
莉莉爱上了一个男孩结果学习成绩落后于别人。事实上，她如此厌倦所有学科以至于一看到课本就想睡觉。如果老师问她为什么还没交作业，她会撒谎说前一天病了，不能做作业。
make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
(教材原句)It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
make a difference between...and...区别对待
make some difference to对……有些关系
make no difference to对……没有关系
make all the difference关系重大；大不相同
(1)It isn't what you have done but what you will do that makes a difference.重要的不是你做了什么而是你将要做什么。
(2)I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow，but I had no idea how to do that.我知道我想在这个世界上有所成就，但是我不知道怎样才能做到。
(3)单句语法填空
①It makes no difference to me whether he comes here or not.
②Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
③Tom is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference(different)in the world.

　John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
be doing...when...正在做……这时突然……
when为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and at this/that time。
be about to do...when...正打算做……这时……
be just going to do...when...正要做……这时……
had just done...when...刚做了……这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……
(1)She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
昨天她刚做完作业，她妈妈就叫她去练习弹钢琴。
(2)单句语法填空
①He had walked (walk)for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.
②The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.
③We were swimming (swim)in the lake when suddenly the storm started.
④I had intended to call on you yesterday，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.(leave)．
(3)写作能力提升
①He was wandering in the street when he felt patted on the shoulder.(when)
②He felt patted on the shoulder while he was wandering in the street.(while)
③Wandering in the street，he felt patted on the shoulder.(分词作状语)他正在大街上慢悠悠地走，突然感到有人轻轻地拍他的肩膀。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Having a fever is one of the symptoms (征兆)that you have when you get a cold.
2．My sister tries to squeeze(挤)her feet into shoes that are too small.
3．You might want to consider temporary (临时的)work until you decide what you want to do.
4．I felt as if there was a weight on my chest，choking(使窒息)me.
5．Poor health and lack of money may both be barriers(障碍)to educational progress.
6．The complex (复杂的)operating systems of computer are difficult for some aged people who lack knowledge about computer.
7．If Jennifer gets any worse，we must phone for a(n) ambulance (救护车)．
8．Even in small companies，computers are an essential(不可缺少的)tool which helps people work more efficiently.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He was writing a report while one of his friends called on him.while→when
2．What is most important is that we should apply theory for practice.for→to
3．I decided to treat you with beer.with→to
4．Though warning again and again，the young man still drove after drinking，leading to his being fined.warning→warned
5．What the volunteers did made great difference to the children in the small village.great前加a
6．Mr.Li fell ill，so his colleague attended the conference in the place of him.去掉第二个the
7．Little Tom，who got burned while he was setting off fireworks，is treated in hospital now.is后加being
8．The old man has fallen ill for more than two weeks.fallen→been
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
First aid is the kind of help 1.given (give) to someone who falls ill or gets injured 2.before a doctor can be found.Of course，the illness or injury is not serious.
Now let's talk about first aid for burns.You have three layers of skin that protect 3.yourself(you) against disease，poisons and the 4.harmful(harm) rays from the sun.Your skin also gives you your sense of touch.First aid is a very important step in the treatment of burns.People can get burned by many things,5.such as hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity or chemicals.6.There are three types of burns，which 7.are called(call) first，second or third degree burns，8.depending (depend) on which layers of the skin are burned.Different degree burns can be treated in 9.a different way.Let's keep these things 10.in mind.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
John Janson，a seventeen－years－old teenager，was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night.He was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognizing the bravery of ten people.All of us had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room while he heard screaming.He discover that Anne Slade，mother of three，had been stabbed repeated with a knife.This was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that had saved Ms.Slade's life.He is proud of that he did.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference.
答案：
John Janson，a seventeen－－old teenager，was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night.He was presented with his award at a ceremony which the bravery of ten people.All of had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room he heard screaming.He that Anne Slade，mother of three，had been stabbed with a knife. was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that had saved Ms.Slade's life.He is proud of he did.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．毫无疑问，懂得一些急救知识至关重要，因为危险无处不在，事故时时发生。
2．例如，我们经常切伤我们的手。
3．手流血时，一定要及时处理。
4．如果伤口不严重，紧紧按住伤口，很快就不流血了。
5．如果伤口很深，先用绷带包扎，然后让医生敷药治疗。
There is no doubt that it is vital to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.For example，we often cut our hand.When it bleeds，treat it in time.If the cut is not serious，press it firmly and soon it will stop bleeding.If the cut is deep，first tie a bandage around it.Then ask a doctor to apply medicine to it.