2020浙江高考英语二轮讲义：专题四　语法填空




年份
体裁
题材
考点设置
有提示词
无提示词
词性转化
谓语动词
非谓语动词
比较等级
名词的数
代词
冠词
介词
代词
并列连词
从句连词
其他语境填词
2019.6
说明文
校服的好处
3
2
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2018.11
说明文
咖啡因对人类健康的影响
1
2
2
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
2018.6
议论文
享受做饭的乐趣
2
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
2017.11
说明文
积累词汇的方法
2
1
2
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
2017.6
记叙文
失而复得的戒指
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1


[考纲解读]
语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能，将语法考查提高到语篇层次，在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。
语法填空考查形式分为有提示词(6至7个)和无提示词(3至4个)两种形式。有提示词多考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词性转换和基本用法，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致；名词的数；形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法，主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。
[命题趋势]
1．该题型以后会更加突出语篇，强调运用。因此，我们要及时转变观念，关注语法在语篇中的交际使用情况，将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。
2．同时，还要加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养，继续重视语言运用的准确性。
3．语法和词汇知识是综合运用语言能力的基础，要与真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合。



技巧一　有提示词类
一、提示词是动词

提示词为动词时，通常考查谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式。
　考查谓语动词
若句子中没有谓语，或者有并列连词连接两个谓语，则需要填谓语动词形式，此时考生应根据语境判断动词的时态、语态，以及谓语动词与主语保持单复数一致。
[典例1]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.____________(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66.belief(believe) that populations are increasing.
[解析]　have reported　考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent years多与现在完成时连用，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，故本空填have reported。
[典例2]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70.____________(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[解析]　are　考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时，本句的主语six表示复数意义，故本空应填谓语动词are。
　考查非谓语动词
若句子中已经有了谓语动词，且此空不作并列谓语，则需要填非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式。此时考生应判断非谓语动词在句中作什么成分，非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间存在主动还是被动关系，以及非谓语动词和谓语动词的时间先后顺序，从而确定所填动词的适当形式。
(1)作主语或宾语，通常用v.­ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。
[典例3]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.__________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.higher(high) than they actually are.
[解析]　noting　考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用动名词作宾语，故本空填noting。
[典例4]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 64.____________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65.challenged(challenge)．
[解析]　looking　考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故本空填looking。
(2)作目的状语或形容词后作状语一般用动词不定式。
[典例5]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63.of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive 64.____________(perform) consistently over a large area.
[解析]　to perform　考查非谓语动词。本句含有“sth.＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。
[典例6]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long 62.____________(see) the benefit.
[解析]　to see　考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语，因此空处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此本空应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。
(3)作伴随状语时，通常用分词形式，若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系， 用现在分词；若是被动关系， 用过去分词。
[典例7]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week­long stay, we 49.were__invited(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 50.____________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
[解析]　listening　考查非谓语动词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，故本空填listening。
[典例8]　(全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots，44.____________(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
[解析]　using　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词cooked，故空处应为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故本空填using。
(4)动词的词性转换主要是转换为名词作主语、宾语，或转换为形容词作表语和定语。
[典例9]　(2019·浙江卷6月)Other American studies showed no 64.____________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
[解析]　connection/connections　考查词性转换。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故本空填connection/connections。
[典例10]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 46.____________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
[解析]　competition　考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示一个有趣的比赛，故本空填competition。
[典例11]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased 66.____________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
[解析]　pollution　考查词性转换。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。
二、提示词是名词
提示词为名词时，通常考查名词复数、名词所有格，名词与形容词、名词与副词之间的转换。词性的选择取决于文章的语境和语法规则。

　考查名词复数
[典例12]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.which/that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67.____________(cause)．
[解析]　causes　考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故本空填causes。
[典例13]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.____________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
[解析]　effects　考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故本空填名词复数形式effects。
　考查名词与形容词的转换
[典例14]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many 47.____________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 48.hugely (huge) popular with tourists.
[解析]　traditional　考查词性转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词，故本空填traditional。
[典例15]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69.____________ (care) not to go to extremes.
[解析]　careful　考查词性转换。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。
三、提示词是形容词或副词

　考查形容词与副词的相互转换
[典例16]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62.____________(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.
[解析]　poorly　考查副词。此处应用副词poorly“不好地”修饰动词studied。
[典例17]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is 63.____________(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
[解析]　actually　考查副词。此处需填副词来修饰整个句子。
　考查比较等级
做题时， 要注意比较级的提示词(如than)和可以修饰比较级或最高级的一些词(如much, even, still, by far, a little, ever等)。
[典例18]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61.____________(long) than non­runners.
[解析]　longer　考查副词的比较级。句中有than，故填long的比较级longer。
[典例19]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the 63.____________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
[解析]　loudest　考查副词的最高级。根据语境和空后的of all可知，空处应填副词的最高级。
[典例20]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even 66.____________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
[解析]　worse　考查形容词的比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故填worse。
技巧二　无提示词类

无提示词试题主要是考查冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。考生在解答此类题时，首先应认真阅读全文，了解文章大意。其次，分析空白处所在句子的基本结构，判断出空白处在句中充当什么成分，从而确定词性。
　考查冠词
冠词只有三个(a, an, the)，如果是单数可数名词前面设空，那么很有可能是填不定冠词。如果是在形容词、副词最高级形式前面设空，那么很有可能填定冠词。
[典例1]　(2019·浙江卷6月)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56.has/will__have(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears 57.____________ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.
[解析]　the　考查冠词。根据语境和same可知，此处用the表示特指，表示“同样款式的衣服”。
[典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 42.____________ model in New York.
[解析]　a　考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填a。
　考查介词
介词的考查通常是指对介词短语和动词短语的考查，有时候也可能是考查形容词、动词的常用搭配，如be absorbed in，be curious about, be engaged in, pay attention to等。这就要求考生备考过程中熟记常用短语搭配，考试时才能胸有成竹。
[典例3]　(2019·浙江卷6月)But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61.____________ this question is not clear.
[解析]　to　考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法，表示“问题的答案”，故用填词to。
[典例4]　(2018·浙江卷6月)If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 65.____________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
[解析]　for　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应用介词for表示“目的”。
　考查代词
代词分为不定代词、复合代词、反身代词、指示代词和it。代词的选择取决于代词在句中所作的成分以及所代指的人或物。如果句中缺主语，则填代词的主格形式；如果句中缺宾语，则填代词的宾格形式；如果句中缺形式主语或形式宾语，则填it；如果句中主语和宾语相同，则填反身代词。
[典例5]　(2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners 57.who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58.____________ can be to eat out.
[解析]　it　考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。
　考查连词
连词分为并列连词和从属连词。常用的连词有and，but，so，or等。若在两个完整的句子之间设空，或两个谓语之间设空，通常填连词。
[典例6]　(全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the so­called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41.____________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
[解析]　and　考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam与空前的“China, Japan, Korea”之间是并列关系，故填并列连词and。
[典例7]　(全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64.____________ even a few months.
[解析]　or　考查并列连词。句意：但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a few days和a few months为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。
　考查从句引导词
(一)考查定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词取决于定语从句中缺少何种成分和先行词。
定语从句关系词的选择
从句中缺少成分
先行词
关系词
从句中缺少主语
指物
that/which
从句中缺少主语
指人
that/who
从句中缺少宾语
指物
that/which
从句中缺少宾语
指人
that/who/whom
从句中缺少定语
指人/物
whose
从句中缺少状语
指地点
指时间
指原因
where
when
why

整个主句
which/as
[典例8]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters 44.____________ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 45.recommended(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
[解析]　who　考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是their masters且关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who。
[典例9]　(2019·浙江卷6月)A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58.____________ gives off light in the dark.
[解析]　that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。
(二)考查状语从句的引导词
状语从句的引导词通常有when, while, although, because, if等。这些引导词的选择取决于句子想表达的意思或者主从句之间的关系。有时候也会考查一些固定用法，如be doing...when..., so...that..., hardly... when...等。
[典例10]　(全国卷Ⅲ)Over time，45.____________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
[解析]　as/when　考查状语从句的引导词。句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增长/当人口增长时，为了使食物热得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示“随着，当……时”，故填as/when。
(三)考查名词性从句的引导词
名词性从句的引导词通常取决于句子想表达的意思，如从句中任何成分都不缺乏，不需要表达额外的意义，则一定是填that，因为that只起连词的作用，不作任何成分，不含任何意义。
[典例11]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 61.____________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
[解析]　that　考查同位语从句的引导词。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故本空填连接代词that。
[典例12]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure 61.____________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
[解析]　who　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。

(2019·浙江卷6月)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56.____________(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears 57.____________ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58.____________ gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 59.____________(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 60.____________(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61.____________ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades 62.____________(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want 63.____________(wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no 64.____________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 65.____________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【解题导语】　本文介绍了穿校服的各种好处。
56．has/will have　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况；分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has。或理解为When引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，故可填will have。
57．the　解析：考查冠词。根据语境和same可知，此处用the表示特指，表示“同样款式的衣服”。
58．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。
59．cycling　解析：考查现在分词。根据walking和or可知，此处需要用现在分词与walking并列，故填cycling。
60．easily　解析：考查副词。此处需用easy的副词形式来修饰动词，故填easily。
61．to　解析：考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法，表示“问题的答案”，故用介词to。
62．improved　解析：考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处that引导宾语从句，而从句中缺少谓语动词，同时根据主句谓语动词found和时间状语从句中的introduced可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填improved。
63．to wear　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式作want的宾语，故用to wear。
64．connection/connections　解析：考查名词。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。
65．traditional　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作are的表语，所以需要用tradition的形容词形式traditional，表示“传统的”。

Test 1
(2019·杭州外国语学校高三质检)National Love Our Children Day began in America in 2004. It 1.____________(fall) on the first Saturday in April. 2.____________(it) aim is to honor and celebrate America’s children and stress the 3.____________(important) of love as they grow up. It is also intended to promote the relationship of family members and raise awareness of the need to protect children 4.____________ the harmful side of the society. Some people may argue that every day should be Love Our Children Day. However, there are millions of other children in the world 5.____________ are less fortunate and grow up without a loving childhood. Healthy and happy children provide the basis for a safe society for future generations when they become 6.____________(parent)．
National Love Our Children Day 7.____________(start) by the organization Love Our Children USA nearly 15 years ago. The organization helps to organize events across America to make children feel 8.____________(delight). Their website advises us 9.____________(spend) the day with the children and do something special together or buy them something they’ve been dreaming for 10.____________ long time. Former mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg, also said, “All of our children deserve the love, encouragement and respect which they need to reach their full potential today and every day of the year.”
【解题导语】　文章介绍了美国的全国爱儿童日的相关内容。
1．falls　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：它(全国爱儿童日)是在每年四月的第一个星期六。本句叙述的内容为客观事实，应用一般现在时，且本句主语为It，故谓语应用第三人称单数形式falls。fall on在此处意为“(节日等)适逢(某日)，正当(某日)”。故填falls。
2．Its　解析：考查代词。句意：该节日的目的是对美国儿童表示庆祝，让人们重视“在爱中成长”的重要性。设空处修饰名词aim，联系上两句可知，此处表示此节日的目的，表示所属关系，指物，故用形容词性物主代词。故填Its。
3．importance　解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处前有定冠词the修饰，其后有介词of，设空处应用名词形式，故填importance。
4．from/against　解析：考查固定搭配。句意：该节日也希望促进家庭成员之间的关系，增强人们对保护儿童免受社会负面危害的意识。protect...from/against...为固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……的伤害”。故填from/against。
5．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，全世界仍有上百万儿童不幸，在没有爱的童年中长大。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是children，关系词在定语从句中充当主语，指人，故填who/that。
6．parents　解析：考查名词单复数。句意：当健康快乐的孩子们成为父母，他们就为后代提供了安全社会的基础。parent是可数名词，根据此空所在从句的主语为they可知，此处应用复数形式，故填parents。
7．was started　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：全国爱儿童日是大约15年前由美国爱儿童组织发起的。根据语境及本句时间状语nearly 15 years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时，本句主语为National Love Our Children Day，指物，为单数概念，与start之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was started。
8．delighted　解析：考查词性转换。句意：此组织帮助在全美组织活动，让孩子们感受到快乐。设空处前的feel为系动词，其后常跟形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或特征，故填delighted。
9．to spend　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：此组织的网站建议我们花时间与儿童一起做一些特别的事情，或是为他们买一些他们盼望已久的物品。advise意为“建议”，为及物动词，宾语后常跟to do作宾语补足语，亦可当作固定结构记忆。advise sb. to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”。故填to spend。
10．a　解析：考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。time虽为不可数名词，但之前有形容词long修饰，就变得具体，表泛指，故用不定冠词a。for a long time为固定搭配，意为“很长一段时间”。故填a。
Test 2
(2019·杭州高级中学仿真测试)China has developed a millimeter­wave cloud radar for Beijing’s new international airport, 1.____________ offers weather forecasts with 2.____________(high) accuracy than previous generations. 3.____________ was developed by a research institute associated with China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, the country’s 4.____________(lead) radar maker. Established in 1958, the institute 5.____________(develop) China’s first wind­profiler radar for airports. The director of the institute said the millimeter­wave cloud radar can be used in various 6.____________(field), such as atmospheric sciences, weather modifications, automatic cloud observation and weather services for aviation. Researchers have previously used the radar technology 7.____________(collect) weather data for Shanghai Meteorological Service, providing support in forecasting heavy rain, blizzards and fog. The system will be set up at the new airport in Beijing’s southern Daxing District early next year. The airport is under 8.____________(construct) and is expected to open by September. 9.____________(locate) 46 km south of downtown Beijing, the new airport will take pressure 10.____________ the overcrowded Beijing Capital International Airport in the city’s northeast.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国为北京正在修建的新的国际机场开发了一种云毫米波雷达并简述了它的用途和制造它的原因。
1．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，空格处在从句中作主语，先行词是“a millimeter­wave cloud radar”，指物，应用关系词which引导。故填which。
2．higher　解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据下文中的“than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填higher。
3．It　解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填It指代“a millimeter­wave cloud radar”。注意首字母大写。
4．leading　解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词短语“radar maker”，应用形容词。故填leading。
5．developed　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的时间状语“in 1958”可知，主句的谓语动词应用一般过去时；又因为主语“the institute”与动词develop之间是主动关系，故填developed。
6．fields　解析：考查名词的单复数。根据上文中的“various”可知，其后的名词应用复数形式。故填fields。
7．to collect　解析：考查非谓语动词。use...to do...是固定短语，意为“用……来做……”。故填to collect。
8．construction　解析：考查词性转换。under construction是固定短语，意为“正在建设中”。故填construction。
9．Located　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，locate和主语“the new airport”之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词形式作伴随状语。故填Located。注意首字母大写。
10．off　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，新建的机场将为过度拥挤的北京首都国际机场减少压力。take...off为固定短语，意为“把……带走”。故填off。
Test 3
(2019·浙江嵊州模拟)Around the world, malnutrition(营养不良) has become a problem that costs $3.5 trillion per year, according to the latest Global Nutrition Report, 1.____________ gives an analysis of food and nutrition issues each year.
Although most countries have fallen short in their efforts 2.____________(deal) with poor nutrition and food insecurity, the US appears to be badly off track, the report found. The world’s 3.____________(large) economy continues to suffer from high rates of obesity, diabetes and anemia(贫血), according to the data, and has more than a million overweight children.
“Malnutrition is responsible for more ill­health 4.____________ any other cause. 5.____________ health consequences of overweight and obesity contribute to four million deaths 6.____________(globe)．” Corinna Hawkes, director of the Center for Food Policy, 7.____________(write) in the report.
According to the study, most countries have at least two issues related to malnutrition. The most serious issues are children who are either overweight, anemic, 8.____________ suffer from undeveloped growth. Overall, malnutrition contributes to about half of all childhood deaths, the research showed. And those 9.____________(affect) may not be able to get as good a job as they could have, if they had been fed well. It also prevents them 10.____________(be) able to contribute to society, and the economy, as well as they would have in a healthier environment.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。《全球营养报告》表明，营养不良已经成为全世界范围的严重问题，会对健康造成危害。
1．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Global Nutrition Report”。故填which。
2．to deal　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作定语修饰名词“efforts”。故填to deal。
3．largest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的“the US”可知，此处应表示“世界上最大的经济体”，应用形容词的最高级来修饰“economy”。故填largest。
4．than　解析：考查介词。句意：营养不良导致的健康问题比任何其他原因都更加严重。比较级more和than搭配。故填than。
5．The　解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，空格后的“health consequences”应特指“超重和过度肥胖的健康后果”，应用定冠词the来修饰。故填The。注意首字母大写。
6．globally　解析：考查词性转换。句意：超重和过度肥胖的健康后果导致全球400万人死亡。此处应用副词修饰整个句子。故填globally。
7．wrote　解析：考查动词的时态。根据空格后的“in the report”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填wrote。
8．or　解析：考查固定搭配。either...or...是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”。故填or。
9．affected　解析：考查非谓语动词。主语“those”和affect构成被动关系，此处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填affected。
10．being　解析：考查固定搭配。prevent sb. (from) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”。故填being。
[长难句分析]　Around the world, malnutrition(营养不良) has become a problem that costs $3.5 trillion per year, according to the latest Global Nutrition Report, which gives an analysis of food and nutrition issues each year.(第一段)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a problem; which引导非限制性定语从句。
译文：根据最新的《全球营养报告》，在世界各地，营养不良已成了一个每年花费3.5万亿美元的问题，该报告每年对食物和营养问题进行分析。
Test 4
People use the word “friend” in a 1.____________(various) of ways. A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交) to someone you’ve known. Whoever they are, friends are an important part of life at every stage.
For some people, making friends is easy. For others, it can be 2.____________ struggle. It’s easy for people who know how to connect with others. But you don’t need to be clever or 3.____________(charm) to make friends. People who make friends easily know how to be 4.____________(they). There’s an old saying：“A friend is someone who knows you well and 5.____________(like) you anyway.”
There are three simple things you can do to make friends. First, you have to like yourself. Make a list of your 6.____________(strong), talents and achievements. That way, when you meet new people, you’ll know 7.____________you have to share. Next, learn how to listen. To succeed in friendships, you need to show an interest 8.____________ others. Ask questions about other people. Finally, it’s a good idea 9.____________(join) a club or take a class. That way, you can meet people who have similar interests. Good friends 10.____________(usual) like the same things.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了交朋友的三个简单步骤。
1．variety　解析：考查固定搭配。句意：人们用各种各样的方式使用“朋友”这个词。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配a variety of意为“各种各样的”。
2．a　解析：考查冠词。句意：对其他人来说，它可能是一种挣扎。此处struggle为可数名词，表示“挣扎”，且struggle的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用冠词a。
3．charming　解析：考查形容词。根据空前的“clever or”并结合句意可知，此处应用形容词。
4．themselves　解析：考查代词。句意：交朋友的人很容易明白如何做自己。根据句意和主语People可知，此处应用themselves。
5．likes　解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，且此处和knows并列作谓语，故填likes。
6．strengths　解析：考查名词。根据后面的“talents and achievements”并结合句意可知，此处应用名词，且strength作“优点”讲时为可数名词，所以用strengths。
7．what　解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。
8．in　解析：考查介词。此处表示你需要对他人表现出兴趣。show an interest in...意为“对……表现出兴趣”，为固定用法。
9．to join　解析：考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to join。
10．usually　解析：考查副词。句意：好朋友通常喜欢相同的东西。空处修饰空后的动词like，故用副词usually。

语法填空(一)
(建议用时：40分钟)
Test 1
(2019·金华十校模拟)For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.
About 3，000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1.____________ was Zhang Zhifu, a 77­year­old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is 2.____________(true) an honor to be granted this special privilege，” Zhang said.
To guarantee the 3.____________(safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4.____________(plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5.____________(they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.
Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6.____________(bring) many changes to the world’s 7.____________(large) imperial complex(建筑群). Once in a speech Shan shared his idea about how to make traditional 8.____________(treasure) come alive again. He said, “9.____________ matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10.____________ people’s daily lives.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院自建院94年以来首次在元宵节晚间对部分公众免费开放，这引发了众多关注。
1．whom　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，且先行词“About 3，000 lucky visitors”在从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，所以应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
2．truly　解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子结构完整，应用副词修饰整个句子。故填truly。
3．safety　解析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的“the”及其后的“of”可推知，此处应用名词。故填safety。
4．planning　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处动词plan与逻辑主语festival organizers之间构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填planning。
5．themselves　解析：考查代词。此处动词absorb后的宾语应与逻辑主语visitors保持一致，所以应用反身代词themselves作宾语。故填themselves。
6．has brought　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。since引导时间状语从句时，主句中的谓语动词通常用现在完成时，且主语是第三人称单数。故填has brought。
7．largest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。此处表示单霁翔对这个世界上最大的建筑群做了许多改善。故此处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
8．treasures　解析：考查名词的单复数。treasure意为“珍宝”，是可数名词，再根据语境可知，此处应用其复数形式，表示“传统的珍宝”。故填treasures。
9．What　解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，所以此处应用连接代词what引导。注意首字母大写。故填What。
10．to　解析：考查介词。close to意为“接近，靠近”，是固定短语。故填to。
Test 2
There are many reasons 1.____________ college and university students often fail 2.____________(get) a full night’s of sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might not be used to having total 3.____________(free) to plan their days and nights. Parties, late­night study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends—these are all things that cut into college students’ sleep habits.
A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching 4.____________ science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory. He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching. The class 5.____________(center) around why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems 6.____________(cause) by lack of sleep. These include difficulty focusing on studies or 7.____________(control) one’s emotions, and increased risk of many diseases.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours’ sleep a night to stay 8.____________(health). Scullin found students who slept more performed 9.____________(well) in two different classes, 10.____________ he published his findings in two academic publications last November.
【解题导语】　文章介绍了大学生睡眠不足的问题，以及贝勒大学的副教授的研究发现。
1．why　解析：考查定语从句。句意：大学生经常睡不了整夜的觉有许多原因。本空考查定语从句，后面的从句成分完整且前面的先行词是reasons。故填why。
2．to get　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示大学生睡不了整夜的觉。fail to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“未能做某事”。故填to get。
3．freedom　解析：考查词性转换。句意：他们可能不习惯完全自由地去计划自己的白天与晚上。形容词后应用名词，作having的宾语。故填freedom。
4．the　解析：考查冠词。句意：几年前，迈克尔·斯卡林开始教在得克萨斯州韦科市贝勒大学读心理学专业的学生睡眠科学。teach为及物动词，后可直接接宾语，空后是名词，此处应填冠词，具体科学前常用定冠词。故填the。
5．centered　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：该课以研究人体为什么要睡觉和由睡眠不足引起的身体与精神方面的健康问题为中心。根据上文中的时间状语“A few years ago”可知，研究发生在几年前，故此处应用一般过去时。故填centered。
6．caused　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。problems与cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，此处应用cause的过去分词作problems的后置定语。故填caused。
7．controlling　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这些(身心问题)包括专心学习或控制情绪方面的困难以及增加的(患上)许多疾病的风险。(have) difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事有困难”，且设空处与前面的focusing并列，形式应保持一致。故填controlling。
8．healthy　解析：考查词性转换。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。
9．better　解析：考查副词的比较级。句意：斯卡林在两个不同的班级里发现睡得更多的同学表现得更好，并且他于去年十一月把他的发现发表在了两本学术刊物上。根据空前的more可知，此处应用比较级。故填better。
10．and　解析：考查连词。句意见上一题解析。由句意可知，两个分句之间是并列关系，应用并列连词。故填and。
Test 3
China has developed a unique festival food culture throughout the years. Eating dumplings is a common folk custom for many Chinese on the day of winter solstice(冬至), especially those 1.____________ live in the north. When midwinter comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down. In this period, if 2.____________(eat) in a right amount, some nuts such as peanuts, walnuts, and chestnuts are good for one’s body.
People in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 3.____________(be) accustomed to eating wontons in midwinter.
According to an old story, during the midwinter feast 2，500 years ago, the King of Wu was fed up 4.____________ all kinds of costly foods and wanted to try 5.____________(variety) things. Then, the beauty Xishi made wontons to honor the king’s wish. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. Later, the people of Suzhou had wontons to celebrate the festival 6.____________(official)．
In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of small dumpling ball 7.____________(produce) with sticky rice flour(粉). In Yinchuan, Ningxia, people call midwinter the “Ghost Festival”. On that day, 8.____________ is a custom for people there to eat mutton soup and the dumplings in it. They give the midwinter soup a strange name and call it “brain”， which they usually share with their 9.____________(relative). People in Taiwan keep the custom of providing nine­layer cakes for their ancestors. People from the same family gather at their ancestral temples to adore their ancestors in order of their ages. After 10.____________(hold) the sacrificial ceremony, there is always a grand dinner.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。多年来中国形成了自己独特的节日饮食文化。文章重点讲述了不同地方在不同节日的不同风俗习惯的由来和饮食特点。
1．who　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少关系词引导定语从句，指代先行词those，指人，应用关系词who。故填who。
2．eaten　解析：考查省略句。分析句子结构可知，在if引导的条件状语从句中，省略的主语跟主句中的主语一致，是some nuts，且与动词eat构成被动关系，此处省略了主语和are。故填eaten。
【知识拓展】　在if, once, though, when, while, unless等引导的状语从句中，若主从句主语一致，且从句谓语动词中含有be动词时，省略从句中的主语和be动词。如：
Unless (he is) invited, he won’t go to the party.
Though (he is) young, he knows a lot about the city.
I met an old friend when/while (I was) walking in the street.
3．are　解析：考查动词的时态与主谓一致。根据语境，此处时态为一般现在时，且主语People为复数，此处应用are。故填are。
4．with　解析：考查介词。feed up with意为“给某人以充足的或有营养的食物，使对……厌烦”，为固定搭配。故填with。
5．various　解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词“things”，various意为“多种多样的”。故填various。
6．officially　解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词celebrate，officially意为“正式地”。故填officially。
7．produced　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，dumpling ball与produce之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故填produced。
8．it　解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处构成句式“It is＋名词/形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事……”，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填it。
9．relatives　解析：考查名词的单复数。根据their可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填relatives。
10．holding　解析：考查非谓语动词。介词After后应接动名词形式。故填holding。
Test 4
As the effects of global warming, rising seas and natural disasters become more serious 1.____________ before, some local communities are taking action. Among them is one community in Florida 2.____________ local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting 3.____________(coast) cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.
The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested 4.____________(way) to address the problem. It has persuaded the state government 5.____________(ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended building sand dunes(沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group’s founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became 6.____________(gradual) clear that her state’s water authorities couldn’t agree on joint(联合的) action.
While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or 7.____________(cold), the people 8.____________(live) in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.
At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a limited budget 9.____________(be) a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in 10.____________ end.
【解题导语】　随着气候变暖的影响，海平面上升及自然灾害均会给人类带来毁灭性打击。为此，位于佛罗里达州的一个社区的人们积极采取行动来保护自己赖以生存的家园。
1．than　解析：考查连词。句意：由于全球变暖的影响，海平面上升和自然灾害变得比以前更加严重，当地的一些社区正在采取行动。根据设空处前的more serious及设空处后的before可知，此处表示比较意义。故填than。
2．where　解析：考查定语从句。句意：其中一个是佛罗里达州的一个社区，在保护沿海城市免受海平面上升的威胁方面，当地的人们和政府官员(的做法)证明是成功的。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为Florida，表示地点，设空处在从句中充当地点状语，故应用where引导该从句。故填where。
3．coastal　解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处在句中修饰名词cities，应用形容词。故填coastal。
4．ways　解析：考查名词单复数。句意：社区研究了海平面上升的程度，并提议解决问题的方法。此处way意为“方法”，是可数名词，根据句意及语境可知，此处指不止一种方法，故应用复数形式。故填ways。
5．to ban　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：社区劝说州政府禁止在海岸线附近开发新的土地并建议沿着海滩建起沙丘。persuade...to do...为固定搭配，意为“劝说……做……”，故此处应用不定式to ban作persuade的宾语补足语。故填to ban。
6．gradually　解析：考查词性转换。句意：克里斯汀·雅各布斯是这个组织的创建者之一，在逐渐了解到州内各水利局就联合行动不能达成统一的意见之后，她于2008年决定采取行动。设空处修饰形容词clear，应用副词，故填gradually。
7．colder　解析：考查形容词的比较等级。句意：尽管佛罗里达州有些政府官员怀疑气候是否会变得更热或更冷，但住在这些地区的人们确定需要保护他们的社区。根据并列连词or及之前的hotter可知，此处表示比较意义，应用形容词的比较级。故填colder。
8．living　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰主语the people，且与the people之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填living。
9．is　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，在财力受限的情况下，提出对抗气候变化影响的方法是迫切的问题。句中“coming up with ways...”是动名词短语，为本句主语，其谓语动词应用单数形式，且根据本句时间状语At present可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
10．the　解析：考查冠词。句意：只有时间会说明这些沿海社区(的举措)最终是否会成功。in the end是固定搭配，意为“最终，最后”。故填the。
语法填空(二)
(建议用时：40分钟)
Test 1
With the passing of 2018 and Spring Festival, we 1.____________(start) a new important year already.
This year is one of the final stepping stones to becoming a 2.____________(moderate) prosperous society in 2020. Meanwhile, 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. To prepare for 2019, the government made 3.____________(it) economic agenda(事项) clear at the Central Economic Work Conference, 4.____________(attend) by the country’s leaders in Beijing in December.
Great attention will keep on 5.____________(pay) to China’s growth performance in 2019. To meet the target of doubling 2010 GDP by the end of 2020, it needs to average about 6.3 percent this year and next.
Meanwhile, China will host the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in April. At this event, the Belt and Road Initiative, 6.____________ has huge potential to drive economic growth, will take greater shape.
This year is also likely to pave the way for a number of technological 7.____________(advance). China is expected to roll out 5G, the next generation of 8.____________(wire) technology, next year. It’s up to 100 times faster 9.____________ the current 4G technology.
It will be a year for China to reflect 10.____________ its past and future direction.
【解题导语】　2019年是中国经济发展至关重要的一年，这一年中国政府将采取各项举措进一步发展中国经济。
1．have started　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：度过了2018年和春节，我们已经开启了崭新的重要的一年。根据语境和空后的already可知，此空应用现在完成时。故填have started。
2．moderately　解析：考查词性转换。句意：这一年是在2020年全面建成小康社会最后的垫脚石之一。此处修饰形容词prosperous，应用副词。故填moderately。
3．its　解析：考查代词。句意：为了为2019年做好准备，政府部门在国家领导人参加的于12月在北京召开的中央经济工作会议上明确了经济议程。空后有名词短语economic agenda，应用形容词性物主代词，指代the government’s。故填its。
4．attended　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。本句已有谓语made，且设空处与谓语之间无连词连接，故应用非谓语形式作后置定语。根据空后的by可知，此处表示被动关系，应用过去分词。故填attended。
5．being paid　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年(社会各界)将持续关注中国的发展状况。Great attention与pay之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词，又因为keep on doing sth.是固定搭配，故填being paid。
6．which　解析：考查定语从句。句意：在这一活动中，有刺激经济增长的巨大潜力的“一带一路”倡议将更加完善。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，引导词指代“the Belt and Road Initiative”，并且在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
7．advances　解析：考查名词单复数。句意：这一年也可能是为众多的科技进步铺路的一年。advance作“进步，发展”讲时，是可数名词，且“a number of”通常修饰可数名词复数。故填advances。
8．wireless　解析：考查词性转换。句意：中国明年有望推出无线技术的下一代——5G技术。此处指代无线技术，修饰名词technology，应用形容词。故填wireless。
9．than　解析：考查连词。句意：它(5G技术)的速度将比现有的4G技术快达100倍。根据“100 times faster”可知，此处是把5G技术与4G技术进行比较，用的是比较级，than是比较级的标志词。故填than。
10．on　解析：考查介词。句意：这一年，中国将认真思考其过去和未来的方向。reflect on是固定短语，意为“反省；仔细思考”。故填on。
Test 2
(2019·浙江第二次联盟校联考) “Made in China” is having its moment now—and it’s a fashionable one.
The story of Chinese fashion 1.____________(begin) in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, both Chinese sneaker brands, suddenly gained international attention. Last year, Li­Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September.
The latest Chinese brands are no longer promoting 2.____________(them) on the basis of their cheapness. They are 3.____________(impress) and ambitious and can go forward 4.____________(head) with foreign brands.
And this ambition may be due to the fact 5.____________ China’s young people are now more confident about their own culture. Western culture doesn’t have the instant appeal 6.____________ the young that it once had. “Today’s young people in China are passionate about Chinese cultural elements，” Jin Qu, vice president of YOHO, 7.____________ urban clothing shopping website in China, said at a cultural festival in November.
In fact, a lot of 8.____________(celebrity) in the West now have an interest in Chinese cultural elements in fashion. US singer Robyn Rihanna Fenty, for example, wore a shiny and 9.____________(heavy) decorated yellow gown to the 2015 Met Gala to match the gala’s theme “China: Through the Looking Glass”. The gown was from Chinese designer Guo Pei.
The Chinese want to replace the words “Made in China” with “10.____________(design) in China”．
【解题导语】　本文讲述的是中国品牌正成为一种新时尚，最新的中国品牌不再低价促销，而开始由“中国制造”向“中国设计”转变。
1．began　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：中国时尚的故事源于2011年，也就是中国的两大运动品牌飞跃和回力突然受到国际关注的时候。根据时间状语in 2011及when引导的时间状语从句中的gained可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填began。
2．themselves　解析：考查代词。句意：最新的中国品牌不再以价格低廉为卖点来推销自己。主语为“The latest Chinese brands”，可用they指代，主语和宾语所指为同一事物，所以用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
3．impressive　解析：考查词性转换。句意：这些品牌令人印象深刻、雄心勃勃，并能与国外品牌共同向前发展。设空处与ambitious并列作表语，应用形容词。故填impressive。
4．to head　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。go forward to do...意为“为……而发展”，其中不定式作目的状语。故填to head。
5．that　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这种雄心壮志或许是因为现在中国的年轻一代对自己祖国的文化更加自信了。本句为that引导的同位语从句，解释the fact的内容。故填that。
6．to　解析：考查介词。句意：西方文化不像过去那样对年轻人有立竿见影的吸引力了。appeal to为固定搭配，意为“对……有吸引力”。故填to。
7．an　解析：考查冠词。“____________ urban clothing shopping website in China”作YOHO的同位语，应用不定冠词表示泛指，且urban的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
8．celebrities　解析：考查名词单复数。句意：事实上，现在西方的很多名人对流行的中国文化元素很感兴趣。celebrity意为“名人”，是可数名词，前有“a lot of”修饰，应用复数形式。故填celebrities。
9．heavily　解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词化了的过去分词decorated，应用副词。故填heavily。
10．Designed　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是省略了主语和be动词的被动语态，和“Made in China”结构一致。故填Designed。
Test 3
In human history, many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country 1.____________ uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on the shores of the Yellow River. And the rich land 2.____________Chinese civilization began is Henan Province.
The Yellow River goes across 3.____________(center) Henan. It is China’s main north­to­south and east­to­west artery(干线). China’s most ancient tribal 4.____________(lead), the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, were born here. Even today, Chinese people all over the world still 5.____________(proud) call themselves the descendants(后裔) of these two emperors.
The river holds 6.____________ unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese, 7.____________(respect) by every generation and called “the Mother River”. With intelligence, hard work and determination, Chinese descendants pursue co­existence and common prosperity on this land. The 5，464­km­long Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain, 8.____________(form) the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization.
Till now, the Yellow River 9.____________(raise) 13 dynasties’ capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties’ capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in 10.____________(it) area—Zhengzhou.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代文明诞生地——黄河的地理位置和历史地位。
1．with　解析：考查介词。句意：中国是世界上唯一一个人类文明没有中断的国家。此处with意为“带有”，表伴随状态。故填with。
2．where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the rich land”。故填where。
3．central　解析：考查词性转换。根据空格后的Henan可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，意为“河南的中心”。故填central。
4．leaders　解析：考查词性转换及名词的单复数。空格前有形容词“tribal”修饰，此处应用名词；又根据下文中的“the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor”可知，这是两位领导者，应用名词的复数形式。故填leaders。
5．proudly　解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“call”。故填proudly。
6．an　解析：考查冠词。此处泛指不可动摇的地位。position是可数名词，其前应用不定冠词修饰，且unshakable是读音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
7．respected　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这条河在每一个中国人心中都有着不可动摇的地位，受到每一代人的尊重，被称为“母亲河”。主语The river与动词respect表示的动作的承受者，二者之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词作状语。故填respected。
8．forming　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：全长5 464公里的黄河冲破最后一道屏障，流入广阔的平原，形成了中华文明的摇篮。主语Yellow River与动词form之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填forming。
9．has raised　解析：考查动词的时态。根据本句中的时间状语Till now可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填has raised。
10．its　解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its指代“the Yellow River’s”。故填its。
Test 4
Official figures show that the number of people taking international 1.____________(flight) is decreasing, and that this is resulting in significant changes to holidaying habits. As the cost of air tickets increases, 2.____________ appears that more and more families are choosing to spend their summer holidays at home.
For many parents, a summer with no overcrowded resorts may seem quite 3.____________(attract), but the idea might well be less popular with teenage children, 4.____________are probably used to flying off to the Mediterranean or Miami as soon as school breaks up. So, the question is, how can young people enjoy themselves 5.____________(thorough) when so much is closed for the holidays, and so many of 6.____________(they) friends are bound to be away?
Nowadays, many sports centres organize summer activities aimed at young people 7.____________(interest) either in indoor or outdoor sports. These might range, for example, from playing table tennis 8.____________ going mountain­biking. As well as being healthy and enjoyable, taking part in activities like these 9.____________(be) also an excellent way to make new friends. For the most popular activities, though, it is advisable 10.____________(apply) early for a place, perhaps two or three months in advance.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新兴的度假方式——国内度假及其对青少年的影响等。
1．flights　解析：考查名词的单复数。flight是可数名词，根据上文中的“the number of people taking”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填flights。
2．it　解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。故填it。
3．attractive　解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作表语。故填attractive。
4．who　解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是teenage children，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以此处应用who引导。故填who。
5．thoroughly　解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰enjoy。故填thoroughly。
6．their　解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词作名词friends的定语。故填their。
7．interested　解析：考查词性转换。be interested in是固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”，此处作后置定语，省略了be。故填interested。
8．to　解析：考查介词。from...to...是固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填to。
9．is　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，表示客观情况；又因主语“taking part in activities like these”是非谓语动词结构，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故此处应用is。故填is。
10．to apply　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中“it”作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故此处应用to apply。故填to apply。
[长难句分析]　Official figures show that the number of people taking international flights is decreasing, and that this is resulting in significant changes to holidaying habits.(第一段第一句)
分析：本句为一个复合句。两个that都引导宾语从句。
译文：Official figures show that the number of people travelling abroad is becoming less, which causes great changes to holidaying habits.
语法填空(三)
(建议用时：40分钟)
Test 1
Go(围棋) is a board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent. The game 1.____________(invent) in China more than 2，500 years ago and is believed to be the 2.____________(old) board game continuously played to the present day. A 2016 survey found that there are over 20 million current players, the majority of 3.____________ live in East Asia.
The playing pieces are called “stones”. One player uses the white stones and 4.____________ other black. The players take 5.____________(turn) to place the stones on the vacant intersections(交叉点) of a board. Once 6.____________(place) on the board, stones may not be moved, but stones are removed from the board if “captured(捕获)”. Capture happens when a stone or group of stones is surrounded by opposing ones on all points. The game goes on until neither player wishes to make another move. When a game 7.____________(come) to an end, the winner is determined by 8.____________(count) each player’s surrounded territory along with captured stones and komi(贴目). A teacher might 9.____________(simple) the explanation by saying to a student “you may place your stone on any point on the board, but if I surround that stone, I will remove 10.____________．”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了围棋的历史、现状及其基本规则。
1．was invented　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据空格后的“more than 2，500 years ago”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且动词invent与主语The game之间构成被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invented。
2．oldest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，围棋被认为是延续至今的最古老的棋盘类游戏，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填oldest。
3．whom　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“over 20 million current players”，设空处在从句中作介词of的宾语，且指人，所以应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
4．the　解析：考查冠词。one...the other...是固定句型，意为“一个……，另一个……”。故填the。
5．turns　解析：考查名词的单复数。take turns to do sth.是固定短语，意为“轮流做某事”。故填turns。
6．placed　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处动词place与逻辑主语stones之间构成被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填placed。
7．comes　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据主句中谓语动词用一般现在时可知，When引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词应用一般现在时，且主语a game表示单数概念，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。故填comes。
8．counting　解析：考查非谓语动词。介词“by”后应接动名词作宾语。故填counting。
9．simplify　解析：考查词性转换。情态动词might后应接动词原形一起构成谓语。simple的动词形式为simplify。故填simplify。
10．it　解析：考查代词。此处应用代词it指代“that stone”。故填it。
Test 2
China’s state­run news agency Xinhua introduced two newest members of its newsroom at the 1.____________(five) World Internet Conference in Wuzhen. The groundbreaking AI anchors, 2.____________ speaking Chinese and the other English, are the world’s first news anchors 3.____________(base) on the latest AI technology.
Chinese viewers 4.____________(greet) with a digital version of a regular Xinhua news host named Qiu Hao. The anchor, wearing a red tie and blue suit, nods his head in emphasis(强调), raising his eyebrows slightly.“Not 5.____________ can I accompany you 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, but I can be endlessly copied and present at different 6.____________(scene)，”he says.
The English­speaking AI anchor adds, “The development of the media industry calls 7.____________ continuous creation and deep combination with the international advanced technologies. I look forward to 8.____________(bring) you brand­new news experiences.”
The AI anchors developed by Xinhua and the Chinese search engine Sogou have already joined the 9.____________(day) news reporting team, reporting news on the agency’s social media platforms. They have immeasurable prospects(前景) for the future news reporting as they could reduce production costs and improve 10.____________(accurate) and efficiency(效率)．
【解题导语】　本文介绍了在第五届世界互联网大会上，中国新华社介绍了由新华社和搜狗联合研发的两个AI新闻节目主播，介绍了他们的特点、功能和优势等。
1．fifth　解析： 考查词性转换。在乌镇的第五次世界互联网大会，此处用序数词表示次序，故填fifth。
2．one　解析： 考查代词。根据后文“the other English”，且由上文可知是两个AI新闻节目主播，因此一个说汉语，另一个说英语。one ...the other...意思是“一个……另一个……”，符合句意。故填one。
3．based　解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：具有开创性的AI新闻节目主播，一个说汉语，一个说英语，他们是世界上第一对以最新人工智能技术为基础的新闻节目主播。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作定语，base和news anchors之间是逻辑上的被动关系。故填based。
4．are/were greeted　解析： 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：中国观众经常被一个叫邱浩的新华新闻主持人的数字版本的主播问候。时态是一般现在时或一般过去时，Chinese viewers和greet之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。故填are/were greeted。
5．only　解析： 考查固定搭配。句意：我不仅一天24小时、一年365天陪伴你，而且我可以无数次地被复制和出现在不同的场合。分析句子可知，此处是固定搭配not only...but (also)，not only放在句首时，not only引导的句子用部分倒装。故填only。
6．scenes　解析： 考查名词的单复数。根据上一题解析句意及前面的different可知，此处用名词复数，故填scenes。
7．for　解析： 考查介词。句意：说英语的AI新闻主播补充到：“媒体行业的发展要求不断地创新和与国际先进技术的深度结合。”此处填for, call for意为“要求”。故填for。
8．bringing　解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：我期待着给你带来全新的新闻体验。“look forward to”后接动名词，故填bringing。
9．daily　解析： 考查词性转换。句意：由新华社和中国搜索引擎搜狗研发的AI新闻主播已经加入了每日新闻报道团队。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰news，故用形容词修饰名词，故填daily。
10．accuracy　解析： 考查词性转换。句意：他们对未来的新闻报道有着无限的前景，因为他们可以降低生产成本和提高准确率和效率。分析句子成分可知，此句缺少名词和后面的efficiency一起作improve的宾语，故填accuracy。
Test 3
(2019·舟山中学考试)The EXPO 2019 is set to showcase the 1.____________(late) trends and achievements in floriculture(花卉栽培), as well as fruit and vegetable food farming at 2.____________ foot of the Great Wall in Yanqing District.
An estimated 16 million plant visitors are expected to flock into the capital for the 162­day event set 3.____________(run) from April 29 to October 7. Up to now, more than 110 countries and international organizations, as well as over 120 nonofficial exhibitors, 4.____________(confirm) participation. This is set to be the highest attendance in the event’s history.
There will be more than 2，500 cultural activities throughout the expo 5.____________ are expected to promote exchanges and cooperation. The event is genuinely innovatory, 6.____________(vary) from the horticultural sector(园艺部门) to many other sectors, like vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicine(中草药). Meanwhile, there will be many high­tech gadgets which will provide a better range 7.____________ services, like 5G technology.
According to the organizing committee, the site construction for the expo has entered the final stage. Interior and exterior 8.____________ (decorate), electromechanical installation, and outdoor projects are being finished at the core venues.
All infrastructure for 100 indoor and outdoor gardens at the exhibition will be finished 9.____________(complete) at the end of March.
This is the second time for China to hold such a high­level horticulture expo. The first such event 10.____________(hold) in Kunming, Yunnan province in 1999.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了2019年北京世园会，包括其举办时间、举办地点以及参展情况等。
1．latest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的“the”和空后的名词“trends”“achievements”可知，此处表示“最新的趋势和成就”，表示最高级，故填latest。
2．the　解析：考查冠词。固定短语at the foot of ...，意为“在……脚下”。
3．to run　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里用动词不定式表示将来。
4．have confirmed　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据前面的时间状语“Up to now”可知应用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填have confirmed。
5．which/that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词activities，从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。
6．varying　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句主语The event和动词vary构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填varying。
7．of　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“提供一系列更好的服务”， a range of “一系列”为固定用法。
8．decoration　解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处表示“室内外装饰”，应用名词，且decoration作“装饰”讲时为不可数名词，故填decoration。
9．completely　解析：考查副词。修饰动词finished应用副词completely。
10．was held　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的时间状语in 1999可知，应用一般过去时；主语“The first such event”和hold之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
Test 4
China, which is proud of its great inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its ability to change the world with its “four new great inventions”： high­speed rail, mobile payments, bike­sharing and e­commerce. The four innovative(创新的) ways of life were most appealing to youths from 20 countries 1.____________(participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative, according to a survey by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“The ‘four new great inventions’ are all 2.____________(relate) to China’s high­tech innovation, 3.____________ improved the quality of people’s lives，” said Wu Hao, executive director of the BRRI. As a huge fan of bicycles, Bernard Schwartlander, World Health Organization Representative in China, 4.____________(express) his love for China’s shared bicycles, saying that “Shared bikes are bringing cycling back 5.____________ people’s lives and they are making public transport more attractive and convenient.”
Rebecca Fannin, founder and editor of Silicon Dragon, noted that China is beginning to lead in innovation in some ways. “This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to the mobile. China has the 6.____________(large) mobile use in the world.”
With regard to the “four new great inventions”， Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said these 7.____________(product)and services have definitely improved customer experience, developing national and 8.____________(globe) economy at the same time.
9．____________growing number of foreigners hope 10.____________(promote) economic development in their home countries by stressing the need for technological achievements like that of China.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。中国的“新四大发明”，即高铁、移动支付、共享单车、在线购物，给世界带来了变化。
1．participating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语youths与动词participate构成逻辑上的主谓关系，此处应用现在分词短语作定语，故填participating。
2．related　解析：考查形容词。be related to 意为“与……相关”，是固定用法，故填related。
3．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为“The ‘four new great inventions’”，且从句缺少主语，故填which。
4．expressed　解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，故填expressed。
5．to　解析：考查介词。此处表示“将骑自行车带回人们的生活中”，故填介词to。
6．largest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据语境以及空前的“the”可知，此处表示中国的手机使用量是世界上最大的，故填largest。
7．products　解析：考查名词的单复数。product是可数名词，且根据空前的“these”可知，此处应填复数形式。
8．global　解析：考查形容词。根据空前的“national and”和空后的“economy”可知，此处应填形容词global。
9．A　解析：考查冠词。a number of意为“许多”，是固定用法，故填A。
10．to promote　解析：考查动词不定式。hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”，是固定用法，故填to promote。
语法填空(四)
(建议用时：40分钟)
Test 1
A Shanghai policeman took on the role of son to help comfort an elderly couple, 1.____________ had lost their own son in a deadly accident.
In 2003, Liang Qiaoying and her son 2.____________(expose) to poisonous gas during an accident. The woman survived, but her young son was 3.____________(lucky). And Liang was left mentally­disabled. Her husband, Xia Zhanhai, couldn’t bear to tell her the 4.____________(true) about their son. Instead, whenever his wife asked to see the son, he kept 5.____________(say) that their son had gone to work in another city.
In 2010, while watching a television show, Xia Zhanhai was amazed to see an officer that looked 6.____________(exact) like his son. He immediately knew that the young man was the answer to making his wife smile again.
With 7.____________ help of the television station and the police station, the couple were able to meet the very policeman on the TV show.
The young policeman was touched by 8.____________(they) loss and sadness, and said that he was more than willing 9.____________(act) as their son. Although he still hesitated to call another woman “Mom”， his mother was happy to support his action.
Their “reunion” lasted just a few minutes on the show, but it had a lasting influence 10.____________ the sick “mother”．
【解题导语】　上海的一名警察通过扮演儿子的角色，去安慰一对因为一场事故而失去儿子的老年夫妇。
1．who　解析：考查定语从句。句意：上海的一名警察扮演儿子的角色，目的是安慰一对在一场致命事故中失去儿子的老年夫妇。分析句子结构可知，took为主句谓语，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，先行词为“an elderly couple”，指人，因此，该定语从句应用who引导。故填who。
2．were exposed　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：2003年，梁巧英和她的儿子遭遇了煤气中毒。expose... to...意为“使……置于……(危险)当中”，为固定用法。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语“Liang Qiaoying and her son”与expose之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据时间状语In 2003可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were exposed。
3．unlucky　解析：考查词性转换。句意：这位女士活了下来，但她的儿子却没那么幸运。设空处与was构成系表结构，因此应用形容词作表语，再结合句意可知，应填unlucky。
4．truth　解析：考查词性转换。句意：她的丈夫夏占海不忍心告诉她关于他们儿子的事实。根据空前的the可知，此处应填名词。故填truth。
5．saying　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：反而，他妻子无论何时问起儿子，他就说他们的儿子去另一个城市工作了。keep doing sth.意为“不断做某事”。故填saying。
6．exactly　解析：考查词性转换。句意：2010年，夏占海看一档电视节目时惊奇地看见一位警察很像自己的儿子。此处修饰介词短语“like his son”，表示程度，应用副词。故填exactly。
7．the　解析：考查冠词。with the help of...为固定搭配，意为“在……的帮助下”。故填the。
8．their　解析：考查代词。句意：这位年轻的警察被他们的失子之痛所触动……根据空后的“loss and sadness”(名词短语)可知，该空应填形容词性物主代词。故填their。
9．to act　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：……他非常愿意扮演他们的儿子。be willing to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”。故填to act。
10．on/upon　解析：考查介词。句意：他们的“团聚”画面虽然只持续了几分钟，但对这个生病的“妈妈”来说却有着持久的影响。have an influence on/upon...意为“对……有影响”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
Test 2
Throughout history people have worn clothing of one description or another. Apart 1.____________ protection against the weather, clothes were also often used 2.____________(show) the wearer’s status and wealth. Over the years, many fashions in clothing have come and gone. While some of these have been popular for relatively short 3.____________(period), others have lasted longer.
Until the first half of the 20th century, the ability to follow fashion was limited to those 4.____________ had the money to do so. But following fashion did not only demand money, it also required large amounts of time. Wealthy people took fashion very 5.____________(serious) and close attention had to 6.____________(pay) to details. Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions 7.____________(be) very important, despite the fact that this often meant 8.____________(change) clothes five or six times a day.
More recently, fashionable clothes have come within the reach of ordinary people. The 9.____________(tradition) methods of dressmaking, which usually involved sewing by hand, were both costly and slow. But today’s clothing industry has made 10.____________ easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without having to spend a great amount of money.
【解题导语】　本文介绍了时尚服装由最初的仅在有钱人中盛行到逐步进入普通人的生活的发展历程。
1．from　解析：考查介词。句意：除了抵御天气(的影响)，衣服还经常被用来显示穿衣者的地位和财富。apart from为固定搭配，意为“除了”，故填from。
2．to show　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。be used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”，故填to show。
3．periods　解析：考查名词单复数。句意：其中一些流行的时间相对较短，而另一些持续时间较长。period表示“一段时间；阶段；周期”时是可数名词，此处表示复数概念，应用复数形式，故填periods。
4．that/who　解析：考查定语从句。句意：直到20世纪上半叶，追随时尚的能力只限于那些有钱人。先行词为those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以填that/who。
5．seriously　解析：考查词性转换。句意：富人对时尚非常重视，他们对细节的关注非常密切。设空处修饰动词took，应用副词，take sth. seriously意为“认真对待某事；重视某事”。故填seriously。
6．be paid　解析：考查动词的语态。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，pay与close attention之间是被动关系，应用被动形式，且have to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“不得不做某事”，故填be paid。
7．was　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在不同场合穿合适的衣服非常重要，尽管这通常意味着每天要换五到六次衣服。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作谓语，主语“Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions”为动名词短语，表示单数概念，故谓语应用单数形式，根据上下文时态可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填was。
8．changing　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，本句中that后的从句已有谓语动词meant，设空处在句中作meant的宾语，且mean在此作“意味着”讲，后应跟动名词作宾语，故填changing。
9．traditional　解析：考查词性转换。句意：传统制衣方法通常需要手工缝纫，既昂贵又缓慢。设空处在句中修饰名词methods，应用形容词，故填traditional。
10．it　解析：考查代词。句意：但今天的服装业使得人们不用花很多钱就能更容易地跟上时尚的变化。分析句子成分可知，本句中真正的宾语是动词不定式短语“to keep up with changes in fashion...”，设空处是形式宾语，故填it。
Test 3
The Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge, as the 1.____________(long) cross­sea bridge in the world, is expected 2.____________(have) 5G service in the future, according to Fang Zheng, vice general manager of the WLAN office of ZTE Corp., the bridge’s network 3.____________(operate)．
The 55­km Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge, 4.____________ opened on Oct. 23, 2018, connects the mainland province of Guangdong with the country’s two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macao.
“The Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge now has good coverage of 4G service，” said Fang. “Experts and workers have overcome the difficulties of a complex construction environment and the lack 5.____________ an optical fiber(光纤) to provide tailored 4G solutions for the bridge and prepare for the future upgrading of 5G service. It can be seen as 6.____________ unique application of wireless technology, highlighting the high­quality products and 7.____________(advance) technology provided by China’s communication section.”
8．____________(actual), the Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge is now ready for the access of Internet of Things, a major business to be achieved by 5G technology. Since the very beginning, the technological base needed for 5G 9.____________(consider) in terms of network architecture, room for 5G station as well 10.____________ the installment(安装) of fiber.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。港珠澳大桥有望在未来开通5G网络服务。
1．longest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据语境及空前的“the”可知，此处表示作为世界上最长的跨海大桥，故填形容词的最高级。
2．to have　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示未来有望开通5G网络服务。此处be expected to do sth.意为“有望做某事”，为固定用法，所以此处用动词不定式。
3．operator　解析：考查词性转换。此处表示大桥的网络操作员。故填operator。
4．which　解析：考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The 55­km Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge”，且从句中缺少主语，所以填which。
5．of　解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处lack为名词，lack of sth.意为“缺乏某物”，为固定用法。
6．a　解析：考查冠词。此处表示它可以被看作是无线技术的一种独特应用。application作“应用”讲时，可用作可数名词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。
7．advanced　解析：考查形容词。此处表示由中国通信部提供的先进技术。此处应用形容词修饰名词technology，故填advanced。
8．Actually　解析：考查副词。句意：实际上，港珠澳大桥现已准备好接入物联网，物联网是5G技术将实现的一项重要业务。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语。
9．has been considered　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句首的“Since”可知，主句应用现在完成时；主语“the technological base”与consider之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。又因主语technological base为单数，故填has been considered。
10．as　解析：考查固定搭配。分析句子结构可知，“network architecture, room for 5G station”以及“the installment(安装) of fiber”构成并列关系，故用as well as“也，还”，其为固定搭配。
Test 4
(2019·浙江名校新高考研究联盟联考)Calligraphy, the art of writing, was the visual art form prized above all others in traditional China. Painting was contemporary with calligraphy, sharing 1.____________ same tools—brush and ink. Yet calligraphy was regarded 2.____________ a fine art long before painting.
The status of calligraphy reflects the importance of the word in China. 3.____________ makes the written words distinctive is its visual form. However, despite its abstract 4.____________(appear), calligraphy is not an abstract form. Chinese characters are dynamic, closely connected with the forces of nature and the kinesthetic(动觉的) energies of the human body.
How can a simple character convey all this? The use of brush and ink 5.____________(have) much to do with it. A calligrapher can control the 6.____________(thick) of the ink by varying both the amount of water and the solid ink. Once he starts writing, by loading the brush sometimes with 7.____________(much) ink or sometimes with less, he creates characters that resemble a shower of rocks here and a drop of dew(露水) there.
The Chinese written language 8.____________(begin) to develop more than 3，000 years ago and 9.____________(eventual) evolved into five basic script types. Over the centuries, calligraphers were free to write in any of them, 10.____________(depend) on the text’s function. The calligraphic tradition remains alive today.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。书法是中国的传统艺术，它在中国的地位反映了文字在中国的重要性。本文主要介绍了书法的艺术特点。
1．the　解析：考查冠词。句意：绘画与书法是同时代的，它们共享同样的工具，即毛笔和墨水。该处特指“同样的工具”，same前常用the。
2．as　解析：考查介词。be regarded as为固定搭配，意为“被视为……”。
3．What　解析：考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该主语从句。
4．appearance　解析：考查名词。句意：然而，尽管其外观抽象，但书法不是一种抽象的形式。根据句意以及空前的形容词abstract可知，空处应用名词形式。
5．has　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：笔墨的使用与此有很大关系。此处描述的为客观情况，应用一般现在时，该句主语为The use，为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has。
6．thickness　解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处应用名词形式，故填thickness“厚度”。
7．more　解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级less，并结合语境可知，该处表示“运用更多或者更少的墨水”，故用比较级more。
8．began　解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“more than 3，000 years ago”并结合句意可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
9．eventually　解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词，空处修饰动词短语evolved into，故用副词形式。
10．depending　解析：考查固定用法。句意：几个世纪以来，书法家可以根据文本的功能自由地使用任何一种类型。depending on“根据，取决于”为固定用法。