2020届新高考英语二轮教师用书：第四板块第一部分第3讲润色习作的3种高效策略
展开第三讲 润色习作的3种高效策略
精准选词，妙笔生花
从书面表达的评分标准中可以看出，恰当选用贴切、地道的高级词汇对提高书面表达的得分非常重要。写作时恰当使用一些大多数考生有可能想不到的词汇，恰当地求新求异或使用较为高级的短语、习语等来代替普通词汇，可以提高文章的得分档次。为写作增添色彩。请考生牢记并熟练运用下面的词汇。
一、选用高级词汇“四原则”
1．具体性原则
在具备一定词汇量的条件下，具体的表达比泛泛而谈的内容更能引起阅卷人的共鸣。例如：当描述一个具体事物或人时，类似a nice/good man的表达让人感觉很空洞，我们可以用有个性的，具体的词描绘一个人，如kindhearted(好心的)；generous(慷慨的；大方的)；easygoing(随和的)等。再如：
It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a good atmosphere.
→It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
2．新颖性原则
写作时恰当得体地使用高中学过的、别人可能想不到的词汇，会给阅卷人耳目一新的感觉。
In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult.
→In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging.
3．短语优先原则
多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。
I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to help me.
→I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do me a favor.(全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
4．避免重复原则
尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词，必要时选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替。
Any student who is interested is welcome to participate ...If you want to participate，you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
→Any student who is interested is welcome to participate ...If you want to join，you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
(全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
二、高级词汇积累45例
1．另外besides→in addition/what's more
2．总之in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary
3．但是but→however
4．机会chance→opportunity
5．选择choice→alternative
6．考虑consider→take into account/consideration
7．最终finally→eventually
8．勤奋的hardworking→diligent
9．分发hand out→distribute
10．后果result→consequence
11．应该should→be supposed to
12．决定decide→make up one's mind
13．理解understand→make sense of/figure out
14．可用的usable→available
15．使用use→employ/make use of
16．艰难的difficult→painstaking
17．改正，修改correct→polish
18．不同的different→various
19．想要want→intend
20．做，从事do→take up
21．获得get→gain
22．记住remember→keep in mind
23．种类繁多all kinds of→a wide range of
24．和and→as well as
25．反对be against→object to
26．厌烦be bored with→be fed up with
27．忙于be busy in/with→be occupied in/with
28．发生happen→occur/come about
29．提高improve→promote
30．重要的important→vital
31．立即immediately→in a flash
32．参加join→participate
33．巨大的large→enormous
34．有意义的meaningful→rewarding
35．许多many→a large quantity of
36．明显的obvious→apparent
37．合适的proper→appropriate
38．丰富的rich→abundant
39．与……不同be different from→differ/vary from
40．渴望做……be eager to do→be dying to do/long to do
41．因为because of→on account of
42．闻名be famous for→have a reputation for
43．越来越多more and more→an increasing number of
44．感到舒心feel comfortable→feel at ease
45．成功做某事succeed in doing sth.→make it
[题组过关1]——升级文中加黑词汇
Dear editor，
With the development of economy，more and more (1.________)Chinese people are making a trip at home and abroad，which makes us not only enjoy more beautiful scenery but also learn more about the culture and the customs of the places we visit.Unfortunately，some of us shout loudly，litter or spit in public，which has harmed(2.________) the good reputation of us Chinese.
In my opinion，when going on trips，we should behave ourselves and obey the culture and customs there.Besides (3.________)，the environment should (4.________) be protected.In this way，we will win respect for ourselves and (5.________) our country.Finally (6.________)，we should always remember (7.________) that it is everyone's responsibility to uphold the image of our motherland.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
答案：1.an increasing number of 2.done harm to 3.In addition 4.is supposed to 5.as well as
6．Eventually 7.keep in mind
句式丰富，表述地道
写作文时应多运用一些高级句式和复合句，并注意句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，让作文跨上五档线！
一、利用复合句式，提升文章档次
复合句包括定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)。
1．增加亮点的定语从句
定语从句的应用可以非常有效地提升表达档次，在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，或者把并列句改为含有定语从句的复合句，这些都能为文章增加亮点。
①I am Li Hua，a student from China.I am studying in London during the summer holiday.
→I am Li Hua，a student from China，who is studying in London during the summer holiday.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
②The film is mainly related to the development of our school.It will greatly help us students know the school's history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school's development.
→The film is mainly related to the development of our school，which will greatly help us students know the school's history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school's development.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
③We will go to Spring Mountain and there we can have a chimb.
→We will go to Spring Mountain where we can have a climb.(2017·浙江卷6月·应用文写作)
2．吸引眼球的状语从句
在英语写作中，状语从句是经常用到的句型，它的灵活运用能使作文更具吸引力。
①Secondly，the inconvenience is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture.
(2019·江苏卷·书面表达)
②If you have any opinion about the film，please send emails to studentunion@126.com.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
③We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
④When it comes to the season I like best，spring will always occur to me in no time.(2016·四川卷·书面表达)
3．提升档次的名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，是写作中常见的高级表达方式。
①I think that I am qualified to be a volunteer.(宾语从句)
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
②I do believe that I am very qualified for this voluntary work，because I have a good command of spoken English.(宾语从句)(2018·浙江卷6月·书面表达)
③It is known that we can benefit a lot from playing Ping Pong.(主语人句)(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
④That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River is a better choice.(表语从句)(2017·北京卷·书面表达)
二、利用句式变化、增加得分亮点
(一)常用7大句式，考场驾轻就熟
写作中，如果考生能够使用如强调句型，倒装句型等特殊句式，不仅能彰显考生的英语水平，还能提升写作档次。
1．省略句
①If accepted，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
②As (it is) scheduled，we participated in several
instructive activities.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
③While taking this line，we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns along the way.(2019·昆明调研·书面表达)
2．并列句型
①I suggest that you begin from Beijing，and I'll show you around.
(2019·北京卷·书面表达)
②To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(2016·江苏卷·书面表达)
③Visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works，but also learn a lot.
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
3．强调句型
①It is just the socalled inconvenience that displays the richness，delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years.
(2019·江苏卷·书面表达)
②It is through this voluntary work that it will enable me to learn English better and meanwhile to broaden my horizons.(2018·浙江卷6月·书面表达)
4．it句型
①It is sad for me to hear that you'll return to your country soon.(it作形式主语)
(2019·浙江卷·应用文写作)
②I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.(it作形式宾语)
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
③Everyone in our society should help those in need，but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.(it作形式主语)
5．倒装句
①At no time should you let phone games absorb you again and disappoint your parents.
(2019·四川重点中学评估·书面表达)
②Not only is it a practical technique for writing Chinese characters，but it's a unique art form to purify our souls as well.(2019·福州质量检查·书面表达)
6．虚拟语气
①I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
②Also，it's time that I took it into consideration what I will take up in the future.
(2019·昆明质量检查·书面表达)
7．with复合结构
①With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
(2019·东北三省四市教研模拟)
②In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.
(2019·潍坊二模)
(二)言简意明的非谓语动词
恰当地运用非谓语动词，不仅句型多样、句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑、言简意明。
1．Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month，I'm writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
2．I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony.(2019·江苏卷·书面表达)
3．Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish，it is a little bit strange to walk around in it.(2019·江苏卷·书面表达)
4．Located behind the library，the newlybuilt stadium looks really beautiful.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
5．Hearing that you are recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students，I am gladly writing to apply for this job.(2018·浙江卷6月·书面表达)
6．To get admitted，I have made good preparations beforehand，trying to know as much as I could about my city.
(2017·天津卷·书面表达)
[题组过关2]
1．句型转换
①For another reason，different cultures and traditions from the past lead to many foreigners' living and working there with gladness.(变强调句型)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②You can expect to receive only when you learn to give.(变为倒装句)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③When we are faced with difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help.(变为含有非谓语动词的简单句)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④It's time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.(用虚拟语气改写句子)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．合并句子
①Our school is located in a northern city of China.In our school，you can taste many kinds of delicious food.It is well famous for its snacks.(用定语从句和原因状语从句合并句子)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive.(用名词性从句合并句子)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③We should speak more English.We think it is very important.(用it作形式宾语改写句子)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1.①For another reason，it is different cultures and traditions from the past that lead to many foreigners' living and working there with gladness.
②Only when you learn to give can you expect to receive.
③Faced with difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help.
④It's time we should take measures to protect endangered animals.
2．①Our school is located in a northern city of China，where you can taste many kinds of delicious food，because it is well famous for its snacks.
②What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
③We think it very important to speak more English.
衔接过渡，巧妙运用
衔接与过渡词语的运用是语言连贯性得以实现的重要途径。在句与句之间，段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接性语言是非常必要的。考生应掌握的连接性词语如下：
1．起——创造良好开端
表示“起”的词汇常用在段落或文章的开头，用于开篇引出扩展句。常见的词汇有：first，firstly，first of all，at first，in the first place，above all，to begin/start with，today，now，nowadays，at present，recently，generally speaking，according to等。
First，I think everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendship.
First of all，I'd like to know when the class will start and how many students there will be in a class.
Nowadays/Recently，people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.
To begin/start with，smoking should be banned in public areas.
Generally speaking, the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English.
2．承——顺势承上启下
表示“承”的词汇常用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句。
常见的词汇有：second/secondly，also，besides，in addition，soon afterwards，after that，what's more，furthermore，moreover，what's worse，still less，to make matters worse，worse still，for example，in other words，especially，particularly，obviously，meanwhile，at the same time等。
Besides，it is big enough to hold all the teachers and students in our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
What's more，the stadium opens from 9 a．m.to 5 p．m.Monday to Friday.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
In addition，there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
As far as I'm concerned，every summer I stay at my uncle's house in the country for three weeks and enjoy a wonderful life there.(2016·四川卷·书面表达)
Meanwhile/At the same time，I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean and healthy.
3．转——巧妙转折过渡
表示“转”的词汇常用来表示不同或相反的意见或情况。常见的词汇有：but，yet，however，while，otherwise，or(else)，on the contrary，on the other hand，contrary to，in any case，though，although，as，even if/though，despite，in spite of，regardless of等。
On the other hand，online shopping also has many disadvantages.
On the contrary，the volunteers always claim that they are tired of the life on earth.
However，a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.(2016·浙江卷6月·书面表达)
But now，because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with you as planned.
4．合——完美结束全文
表示“合”的词汇常用于小结段落中上文的内容，引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。常见的词汇有：finally，last but not least，in short，in brief，in conclusion，in a/one word，to sum up，all in all，on the whole，in general等。
All in all，traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
On the whole，I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle.
In a word，success is important，and so is failure，because it's the mother of success.
To sum up，environmental protection is of great importance，which can make us live more comfortably and healthily.
[题组过关3]——选择适当的过渡词或短语填空
Recently many schools have taken tough measures to forbid students to bring their mobile phones to school.1.________，some students break this rule and some even play with their mobile phones in class.
The disadvantages of students bringing mobile phones to school are obvious.2.________，mobile phones can distract students' attention.3.________，some students may get access to some unhealthy websites，which are bad for their development.4.________，some students are likely to compare the brands of their mobile phones with their classmates'.
5．________，I strongly support banning mobile phones in schools.Only in this way can we devote more energies to our study and achieve our goals.
答案：1.However 2.On the one hand 3.On the other hand 4.Worst of all 5.In my opinion
Ⅰ.请用高级词汇替换下列句子中加黑部分
1．As high school students，we should be neatly dressed when at school.are_supposed_to
2．The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses.painstaking
3．We'll try our best to improve the traditional friendship between us.promote
4．He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.
made_up_his_mind
5．When you are bored with the people sometimes，you'd better find a quiet place，listening to some classical music.fed_up_with
Ⅱ.句式升级
1．I've always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.(用定语从句合并句子)
→I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
2．This is my decision.All of us are to start at 6 o' clock tomorrow morning.(用表语从句合并句子)
→My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_6_o'clock_tomorrow_morning.
3．We all know that our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help.(用as引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子)
→As_we_all_know，our_friends_will_lend_us_a_helping_hand_when_we_need_help.
(用主语从句改写句子)
→What_we_all_know_is_that_our_friends_will_lend_us_a_helping_hand_when_we_need_help.
Ⅲ.升级加黑的衔接词并添加衔接词
Dear Jack，
I'm sorry to hear that you are too addicted to making friends online.Now(①Nowadays/At_present)，many teenagers like making friends online.(②As_a_result/As_a_consequence)(结果)，they often neglect the friendship in real life.This has aroused social concern and I think it's unreasonable.
As we all know/As is known to all，net friends aren't always worth trusting.Firstly(③To_begin_with/To_start_with/For_a_start)，they often talk with us in the name of a good person，but the truth is quite the contrary.Secondly(④In_addition/What's_more)，making friends online will cost us much time and money，causing us not to focus our attention on study.Lastly(⑤Last_but_not_least)，we get along with our real friends more often than net friends.They can study and play together with us.(⑥The_most_important_of_all)(最重要的是), they always give us a hand when we are in trouble.
(⑦In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_summary/To_sum_up)(总之)，making friends online isn't a good idea.So please come back to reality.
Yours，
Li Hua
