高考英语语法填空讲解与专项训练（附答案）

语法填空
高考英语语法填空有提示词解题技巧
1．括号内提供的是动词
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。
①若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。如：
Actually I believed I would work for a few years，get ________(marry)，stay home and raise a family，so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.
这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构。该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有4个谓语动词，在从句中作并列谓语。
I believed I would work for a few years...
I would get ________(marry)．..
I would stay home...
I would raise a family...
答案　married
很清楚，get married在句子中与I would构成“主系表”结构。get married强调一种已婚的状态，相当于be married。如果没有get在前面，只能填入marry作谓语。显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑，才能符合交际的需要。
②若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词；若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.－ing形式，－ed形式，还是不定式。
确定的方法主要有：
作主语或宾语，通常用v.－ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。如：
...but it is not enough only ________(memorize)rules from a grammar book. 答案　memorizing
分析这个句子的成分可知，应该是memorizing...作真正的主语，前面的it是形式主语。
作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v.－ing)；若是被动关系，用过去分词(done)。如：
________(see)from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 答案　Seen
可判断句中已有谓语了，表明句子不缺谓语，可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式，即非谓语动词形式；此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了：第一，“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”；第二，“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是被动关系；第三，动词的过去分词表示被动关系，因此应填“Seen”。
It rained heavily in the south，________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.
答案　causing
从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了，说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语，“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，即“大雨导致洪涝”；现在分词表示主动关系，因此应填“causing”，作结果状语。
2．括号内提供的是形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。如：
________(actual)I believed I would work for a few years，get married，stay home and raise a family，so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.
答案　More actually
该空需要填入副词actually在句子中作状语。有的考生填入more actually，虽然词性是对的，但是这里没有上下文比较的关系，逻辑语义不同，考生不能将语言的语法规则和语用功能有效地结合。
再如：“Thirty－five cents，” she said ________(rude)．
答案　rudely　此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。
但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如：
At last，her courage and ________(wise)impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.
答案　wisdom　括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。
另外，通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。如：
One of the ________(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher...
因为这里是one of the＋名词复数的形式，表示……其中之一，因此范围是三者或三者以上，因此形容词需要用最高级的形式worst。
3．括号内提供的是名词
①括号内提供的如果是名词，尤其是单数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、指示代词(this，that等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。
②相反，如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形式等。如：
One of my father’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！”答案　sayings
这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。考查考生是否知道“one of＋名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
本句中as引导时间状语从句，表达的功能是“时空”概念。该从句没有直接放在主句之后，而是进行了插入，放在了主句的主语之后，进行强调。完整的主句是：One of my father’s favorite ________(say)was “Try it”．从该句的主系表结构中可以看出，one of my father’s favorite ________(say)在句子中作主语。
say要做两次转换：首先要转换成为名词；再将名词转为相应的复数形式。say的名词是saying，其复数形式是sayings。考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确，同时还要保持单词的正确。所以正确答案是sayings。
③当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。如：
There，my voice sounds really ________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.
答案　wonderful　括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。
有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如：
A certain man planted a rose and watered it ________(faith)and before it blossomed，he examined it.
答案　faithfully　括号内提供的是名词，但此空在句中作状语，修饰动词watered，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。


A
(2016·全国Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest buildings, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top__1__(attract)．
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not－for－profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I__2__(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 00－acre centre.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be__3__(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back__4__my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s，__5__I was the first Western TV reporter__6__(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include__7__(introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by__8__(it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few__9__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，__10__other is with mum—she never suspects.
B
(2016·全国Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of __1__(great)and less importance.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of __2__ (achieve)．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __3__ (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused __4__our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So, get an early start and try to be as productive __5__ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent __6__(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks__7__(regular)．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for__8__while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely __9__ (bring) your work home.It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is，__10__ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
C
(2016·全国Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the so－called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，__1__Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might__2__(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __3__(create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, __4__(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time，__5__the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which__6__(gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，__7__lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the__8__(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __9__(be)too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat __10__their hands.
D
(2016·四川高考)The giant panda__1__(love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists __2__(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very __3__(care)mother.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something __4__(eat)！She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural __5__(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.__6__it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.The mother continued to care for the young panda __7__more than two years.By that time，the panda no longer needed __8__(it)mother for food.However，it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after two and a half years，the mother __9__(drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby，__10__it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

A
(2015·全国Ⅰ)
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I __1__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours __2__，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with __3__ (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __4__ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __5__ (painting)．Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away __6__ car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.
Yangshuo __7__ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers __8__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it __9__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people __10__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
B
(2015·全国Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)__1__(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __2__ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __3__(able) to “air condition”a house without __4__(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __5__(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __6__ (cool) the house during the hot day：__7__ the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle __8__ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As__9__(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__10__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
C
(2015·广东高考)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned __1__ farm, which looked almost abandoned.__2__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __3__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __4__ (leave)．The cow was their only means of support, in fact.One day, the cow was eating grass __5__ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away, she __6__ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living __7__ the cow.In order to support his family, Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __8__ (sell) the wood.Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __9__ people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to __10__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
D
(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It __1__ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it __2__(actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of __3__ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days __4__ even a few months.It took years of work __5__ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __6__(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit __7__ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are __8__ (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the __9__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be __10__(patience)．
E
(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about __1__ (be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，__2__ some of them looked very anxious and __3__(disappoint)．When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next __4__ the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike __5__ (catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused __6__(stop) until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept __7__(ride)．He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked，“__8__ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear！It ’s __9__ (I )”．She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers __10__(sudden) became friendly to one another.
F
(2014·辽宁高考)
Jonny：Hey！I’m just practicing Tai Chi(太极)．Would you like to join me?
Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?
Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.
Peter：OK.Don’t laugh __1__ me.I may look funny.
Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and __2__(soft)．Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake.
Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs become __3__ (pain)．
Jonny：Keep __4__ (hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let __5__ stay in the air for seconds.
Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi __6__ (call)“shadow boxing”in English.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well __7__ strong.In real competition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The __8__ (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
Peter：Unbelievable！Oh...，__9__ you don’t mind，I’ll stop and take a deep __10__．
G
(2014·广东高考) Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said __1__ was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready.
After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months __2__(early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We __3__(tell)that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week，__4__ for the week after.I didn’t understand __5__ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged __6__ the reservation.What’s worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was __7__(surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on __8__ top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we weren’t charged extra.
The next day，my brother and I went to the beach __9__ we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little __10__(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.


A
(2016·河南省六市高三第一次联考)Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a chance __1__(see) your friends again.But most exciting of all，the new term lets you take up new hobbies.In Britain it is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays.Promising to learn something new is a common New Year’s resolution.
Most schools offer different kinds __2__ hobby classes.Students __3__(usual) take them in their free periods or after school.Some classes you have to pay for but some __4__(be) free.For example，I once took a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class __5__ is offered by my school.But when I learnt how to play the drum，my parents had to pay for the lessons.
The most popular extra classes at my school were piano lessons and drama club.Both classes offered exams students could take.Students with many hobbies sometimes felt __6__ stressed than those without any.But the students with hobbies left school with many extra __7__(skill)．
I haven’t continued any of the hobbies I __8__(begin) at school.But I have never regretted taking __9__．My __10__(good) friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.
B
(2016·湖南常德市高三3月模拟考试)Imagine life as a game in which you are playing some five balls in the air.You name __1__(they)—work，family，health，friends and spirit，and you’re keeping all these balls in the air.
You understand that work is a rubber ball.If you drop it，it will bounce back.But the other four balls are made of glass.If you drop one of them，it will be scuffed(磨损)，damaged or even broken into __2__(piece)．They will never be the same.You must understand the balance in your life.How?
Don’t compare yourself with others.It is because we are different and each of us __3__(be) special.Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important.Only you know __4__ is best for you.Don’t give __5__ when you still have something to give.Nothing is really over until the moment you stop __6__(try)．Knowledge is weightless，__7__ treasure you can always carry __8__(easy)．Don’t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you’ve been，where you are，but also where you __9__(go)．
Life is not a race，but a journey to __10__(enjoy) slowly each step of the way.Yesterday is history，tomorrow is a mystery，and today is a gift.That’s why we call it—the present.
C
(2016·福建省五校高中毕业班统一考试)According to a recent survey，violence did exist in schools.Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also __1__(express) their great concern about it.Experts hope __2__ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.
Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon，which __3__(call) for our great concern.We should make every effort __4__(prevent) school violence happening at school，for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal __5__(safe) could not be guaranteed.In fact，violence can be learned.__6__(actual)，children learn violence behavior from adults or from __7__ they see on television or on the Internet.
If I meet with school violence，I will not answer violence with violence，for it will result in __8__(much) fighting.I will tell my teachers or parents about it.I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.
All in all，we students should behave __9__(we) and keep away __10__ violence.
D
(2016·福建省漳州八校高三第三次联考)World Book Day __1__(fall) on April 23 every year.It was set up by the UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)in 1955 to encourage people to discover the pleasure of reading.It means you read a book not because your teachers or parents tell you to do so.“__2__(read) for pleasure” plays a more important role in one’s __3__(grow) than one’s family background.
Books，magazines，newspapers and other kinds of materials can help us know more about the outside world and perfect us.__4__，computer games，online videos and Internet are pushing books off the shelf.Some experts believe it’s a __5__(worry) trend.Each Chinese read 0.38 more books in 2013 than 2012 but still far fewer than those in major developed countries.Even worse，many bookstores have __6__(close) their doors because many book lovers start to buy __7__(few) books than before.
However，many people do still prefer reading because it has __8__(be) part of their life.It can benefit people in many ways.It gives us information about other countries and places of the world.It __9__ has a strong influence on forming our personality and makes us more intelligent.It’s __10__ too late to start reading.So jump into the wonderful world of books now!
E
(2016·河南郑州市高三第一次质量预测)Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China，__1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾)．Tu Youyou __2__(be) the woman who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.
On October 5，Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan.Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__(receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.
Tu was modest about receiving the award：“It’s a success for the whole research team.”She also thinks __4__ is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.
When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s，things were hard.The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then.Tu used to test __6__(medicine) by eating them herself.Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2，000 traditional recipes.
Once Tu __8__(return) home after traveling for six months.Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the“strange woman”．To do research，Tu also had to move around a lot.
Finally，Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素) in sweet wormwood in 1971.She spent the next decades __9__(try)to improve the medicine.According to World Health Organization，about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world，and about half a million die each year.Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.
Tu never complains about how hard she works.“I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients，” she said.
F
(2016·四川绵阳市高三二诊考试)Many teachers believe that hands－on experience is the __1__(good) way to learn. A group of students in the United States are putting that belief to the test. They __2__ (success) designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines __3__ the bottom of the sea. Students made the robot __4__(answer) a challenge from the U．S. Department of Defense.
The students recently tested the underwater vehicle __5__(call) PerseusⅡ in a 95－meter－long tank of water at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
The robot costs about $15，000 to build. The students use a video game control to direct __6__(it) movements in the tank. What’s more，devices known as Japters __7__ (able) the robot to go up，down and toward its target in the water. Video cameras on the robot send images back to a computer through a 13－meter－long cable. Perseus Ⅱ also has __8__ set of lasers (激光)，which are used to measure the size of an object.
The robot is the creation of five undergraduate students. For over six months，they worked up __9__ 20 hours a week to design and build Perseus Ⅱ.
DeLorme supervised the project from __10__(begin) to end. He says the specialized requirements of robots were demanding.
G
(2016·安徽省安庆市高三下学期第二次模拟考试)Everyone needs to know how to prevent a fire.It is also important to know what to do when it __1__(break)out.
Every year，over 11，000 people __2__(kill)or injured in house fires.These fires could have been avoided.Smokers who are __3__(care)cause about 200 deaths and over 6，000 fires.More than of those __4__ die in fires are poisoned or harmed by smoke.
If fire happens，do not attempt to fight the fire unless it is small.Try putting out a small fire with water.If __5__ fire has spread or if the flames are more than 20 inches high，shut the door on it.Warn everyone else in the building and tell them to get out.You should leave and dial 911 for the fire department.
Before __6__(go)into a room，check the door.If the handle or the door is hot，do not open it! Instead，put clothing or a wet towel at the bottom of it to keep smoke out.If the door is not hot，open it __7__(slow)．If there is a rush of smoke heat，close it again and shout to warn __8__(other)inside.
Now open the window and shout “Fire！”．See whether you can drop safely to the ground.Use this __9__ your escape course if you can.If you are not on ground level，break your fall by pushing a mat out first.Lower yourself at arm’s __10__(long) before dropping.Once outside，stay out outside and make sure the fire department is called.
H
(2016·山东日照市高三第一次模拟考试)For many young people，going to university is one of the most important __1__(stage)of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of __2__(they)home to live with other people，often strangers.__3__(especial)in the US，people often travel very far __4__ home to study.It is a time to be __5__(independence)．
At university，you will __6__(teach)by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is __7__ drives some people to apply to university.Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study.Apart from the __8__(academy)benefit，life at university also can allow students __9__(develop)their interests in many fields.
Therefore，university is a place __10__ you attain knowledge，to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.
I
(2016·湖北省八校高三第一次联考)China will allow all couples to have two children，__1__(give) up its decades－long one－child policy，the Communist Party of China (CPC) __2__(announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.
The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population，according to a communique (公报) __3__(issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.
The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) __4__ it comes into force.
China’s family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__(control) the rapid __6__(grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child，and as to rural couples，they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl.The policy was later relaxed.Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child.
The one－child policy was __10__(far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee，and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.
J
(2016·湖北市教科研协作体高三联合考试)Talking is the most effective and satisfying way of communication with others.There are many forms of communication，__1__ include: texting，cell phones，e－mail，and social media.__2__(use) these alternative forms to communicate with others may be faster，__3__ it lacks many qualities that a face－to－face conversation __4__(possess)．
Facial expression and body language can __5__(great) affect a conversation.They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person __6__(think) and feeling.Facial expression can __7__(apply) to video chatting，but body language can only be found in a face－to－face conversation.Talking in person can have physical __8__(feature)．Giving someone a hug and holding their hand __9__(comfort) them can only be done in person.When you are talking to someone by texting or instant messaging them，physical touch does not exist at all，which can limit the connection __10__ the people in the communication.
K
(2016·广东广州市高三第一次模拟)Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life，he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons.He taught __1__ the love of wisdom，not for money.And __2__ he had to say was always new and worth hearing.All his pupils loved him.
But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some __3__(danger) enemies.The rulers did not want to be questioned.So they __4__(false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and __5__(lead) them to ignore religion.In fact Socrates was a very religious man.His enemies had him __6__(arrest)，and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.
During the 30 days before he was put to death，his friends and pupils __7__(allow) to visit him in his prison.They were astonished to find that __8__ was calm and cheerful.He had no fear of dying.When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates，his friends were in __9__(tear)，but Socrates seemed to be the __10__(brave) man in the room.He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.
L
(2016·湖南东部六校高三联考)One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving.It is __1__(frequent)referred to as Black Friday.The use of the word “black” relates __2__ the business accountants.Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink.So __3__(be) “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing，a return to profits.
Black Friday is the big day for many retailers，and it presents the shopper an opportunity __4__(get) all of one’s holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices.On that day，most retailers will open very early __5__ usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products，while a great number of holiday shoppers will get __6__ early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.
Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores，__7__ is the other idea of a “Black Friday”，a day they do not like.It used to be the __8__(busy) shopping day of a year.Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress __9__(involve) in fighting the crowds.In recent years the Saturday before Christmas __10__(see) the biggest shopping crowds.
M
(2016·广西桂林、崇左市高三4月联考)Our modern life is changing our eating habits.We are spending too much time in front of TV or computers and __1__(become) “couch potatoes” or “mouse potatoes”．We also eat too much junk food and we don’t get enough exercise.The foods we find in the supermarket are sometimes no __2__(benefit) to us，and it is difficult to know exactly __3__ we are eating when we buy ready－made or pre－prepared dishes.Considering this situation，it is becoming __4__(much) important than ever __5__(make) sure that we keep a healthy diet.
A healthy diet gives us the calories we need and don’t contain too much fat.The number of calories we need __6__(change) depending on what kind of body we have (are we short，tall，heavy etc.)and how active we are.Quality food，or healthy food，gives us calories in the best way.Junk food，__7__ the other hand，gives us few calories and lots of fat and sugar.If we eat too much fat and sugar，we will put on __8__(weigh) easily，in order to live __9__ happy and long life，we should keep a __10__(balance) diet.
N
(2016·超级全能生26省联考乙卷)“He is a fool who cannot be angry，but he is really a wise man __1__ won’t.”
The habit of keeping pleasant is indeed better __2__ an income of a million dollars a year. The life without __3__(cheerful) is like the severe winter without the sun.
We all love cheerful company，but we tend to forget that cheerfulness is a habit which can be developed by all.
We find __4__ very difficult to be happy when we are in sorrow. It requires great courage. We should never forget that __5__(be) cheerful when it is not easy to be cheerful shows greatness. Thorny(荆棘)may be __6__(we) way，but how happy is the conqueror’s song!
The perfection of cheerfulness __7__(consist)in the happy frame of mind. It is displayed in good temper and kind behavior. It arises partly from personal goodness and __8__(part) from belief in the goodness of others. It can make people see the glory in the grass and the sunshine on the flower. It encourages happy thoughts，and lives in an atmosphere of peace. It costs nothing，and yet it is __9__(value). It blesses its possessor and affords a large measure of enjoyment to others.
To light up other’s heart，one’s own heart must __10__(light) first.

A
(2015·南昌调研)Some inventions happen in strange ways. The potato chip is one of them.
Moon’s Lake House was __1__ restaurant in New York in the 1850s. George Crum was the cook there. Many rich people often came to the restaurant __2__(enjoy) his cooking.
The one thing that really upset Crum was __3__ a customer complained about the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over. He would often return it overcooked. He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant __4__(angry)．
On August 24，1853, a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen，__5__ they weren’t crunchy(脆的 ) enough.Crum reacted in his __6__(usually) way. He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil. They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse __7__(eat) them. Instead, the man loved them. He even asked for more.
Now, do you know __8__ invented the potato chip? It’s George Crum! He __9__(late) set up his own restaurant. He named it Crum’s House. He put baskets of his potato chips on all the tables. They made his restaurant a very popular place.
Today, potato chips are one of Americans’ __10__(favor) foods!
B
(2015·河北五校联盟质监)
Mike：I’d like to buy a computer. Could you please give me __1__ advice?
Rose：Yes, with __2__(please). I’ve got some information about computers. Computers with a P4 work much __3__(fast) than other ones.
Mike：How about computers with a P3?
Rose：Oh, very good，__4__ they don’t work as fast as P4 computers, yet they are much cheaper. Generally __5__(speak), they can meet people’s __6__ (need) very well.
Mike：I think I __7__ buy the fastest one I can get. My old computer was out of work lately. It __8__(work) slowly. I’ve got tired of that working speed.
Rose：I don’t think __9__ is necessary for you to buy the fastest one. It would be a waste of money. A P3 computer is __10__ (probable) good enough for you.
Mike：Thank you for your advice. Can you help me choose one?
C
(2015·大庆质检二)Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I __1__(live) in the heart of a city. The rent for my apartment was really cheap __2__ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town.People who visited me used to ask me __3__ I could sleep.“Doesn’t the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to __4__ much noise？” You see, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy __5__．But I found it all fascinating. If I were ever short __6__ cash and couldn’t afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take __7__ look around. You see, there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops, so I could always find someone __8__ (interest) to talk with. And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for __9__(do) a few odd jobs for him. At the time, I suppose, I thought I was poor. Sometimes, we don’t realize how __10__(fortune) we are, do we?
D
(2015·邢台摸底)(Near the school gate, a woman driver was stopped by a traffic officer.)
Officer：Madam, do you know how fast you were going just now?
Driver：(Looking at the record.) Uh, well, no! I didn’t think I was going that fast...
Officer：This is a 25 mph zone, Madam. You see that school over there? You __1__(go) 35 mph.
Driver：__2__ today is Sunday, sir. There is no school today.
Officer：Madam, there __3__(be)signs that say what the speed limit is. Besides, children often come to school on the weekend __4__(play) sports. You see all those kids over there? What __5__ you hit one of them by accident?
Driver：I’m __6__(terrible)sorry, Officer. I won’t do it again. Could you please let me off with __7__ warning?
Officer：I’m afraid I can’t do that, Madam. In school zones, I’m required to give tickets to all drivers __8__ break the rules. It’s the law in this county.
Driver：Oh, dear！How __9__ is this going to cost me?
Officer：I don’t know, Madam. Usually, these things can be taken care of for __10__(little) than $ 100. Now please sign here at the bottom.
Driver：OK.
E
(2015·山西四校联考二)I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed but felt that since I’d always been __1__ good child, this was temporary.
__2__(fortunate), it was not to be so. I didn’t have friends. Hardly could I share my problems. Deep worry began to destroy my __3__(confident). Finally I refused to attend classes，__4__(shut) myself in my room for hours.
The examination was approaching, but I simply didn’t care. My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance. One morning，__5__ a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stood at the school gate，__6__ (depress). Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me. The next forty－five minutes was one of the most precious __7__(moment) in my life.She said she __8__(notice) a big change in me and wondered why. At first she took my hands in __9__(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries. Then she hugged me as I wept. Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.
No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster，__10__ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.
Section 15　语法填空
【高考真题演练】
1．2016年高考真题
A
1．attraction　[考查名词的用法。空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。]
2．was allowed　[考查动词时态。根据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。]
3．officially　[考查副词的用法。修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式。]
4．to　[考查固定短语。go back to为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到”。]
5．when　[考查副词的用法。由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid－1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。]
6．permitted　[考查定语从句关系副词的用法。因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。]
7．introducing　[考查动名词的用法。由句子结构可知，introduce作谓语动词include的宾语。而British visitors是introduce这一动作的承受者。故用动名词形式。]
8．its　[考查物主代词的用法。根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three－month－old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。]
9．days　[考查名词复数。few用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。]
10．the　[考查固定搭配中冠词的用法。由前文中的关键词twin, one可知这里考查one...the other...(一个……另一个……)的用法。故答案为the。]
B
【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是当我们在工作中感到压力巨大时，应该如何合理释放这些压力。内容涉及处理最重要的事情；上午多做工作；工作期间定期休息等。
1．greater　[考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。]
2．achievement　[考查名词的用法。介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达a sense of achievement成就感。]
3．is　[考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less...，动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。]
4．on　[考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on专心于，集中于。]
5．as　[考查固定表达。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样高效率。固定表达as...as possible尽可能……]
6．studies　[考查名词的复数。根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。]
7．regularly　[考查副词的用法。如果我们定期休息的话。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，故要用副词形式。]
8．a　[考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会。固定表达for a while一会儿。]
9．to bring　[考查不定式的用法。固定表达be likely to do...很可能做某事。]
10．make　[考查祈使句中的动词。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词原形。]
C
【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚洲一些国家中的吃饭工具筷子。
1．and　[考查连词。China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam是并列关系。]
2．be made　[考查语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。]
3．to create　[考查动词不定式。作目的状语。]
4．using　[考查分词。现在分词作状语。]
5．as/when　[考查连词。as/when“当……时，随着……”。]
6．gradually　[考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。]
7．who　[考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。]
8．development　[考查名词。此处应用名词作动词的宾语。]
9．were　[考查时态和动词的数。此处were是与would remind 并列的谓语动词。]
10．with　[考查介词。固定短语：with one’s hands 用某人的手。]
D
【语篇导读】　本文介绍了大熊猫是怎样养育小宝宝的。
1．is loved　[全世界的人都喜欢大熊猫。这里用一般现在时表示现状，panda与love之间为被动关系。]
2．recently　[修饰动词应用副词形式。]
3．caring/careful　[作定语应用形容词形式。caring体贴人的，careful细心的。]
4．to eat　[不定式作定语。]
5．enemies　[前没有限定词，因此本空应填名词复数形式。]
6．When/If　[如果小熊猫哭了，她来回摇晃它，给它安慰。when既可表示时间也可表示条件。]
7．for　[妈妈继续照顾年轻的熊猫两年多的时间。for＋一段时间。]
8．its　[这里指熊猫的妈妈， 作定语，用物主代词形式。]
9．drove　[文章主要时态为一般过去时。两年半之后，母亲把小熊猫赶走。]
10．and　[上下句之间为并列关系。是她有一个新宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫独立的时候了。]
2．经典高考真题
A
【语篇导读】　桂林山水甲天下，阳朔风光甲桂林。作者讲述了从香港去阳朔旅游时的所见。
1．arrived　[考查动词的时态。主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时，根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。]
2．before/earlier　[考查副词的用法。由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句意。]
3．its　[考查形容词性物主代词的用法。空格后面有名词smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词。]
4. that/ which　[考查定语从句关系代词的用法。由句子结构不难判断这是一个定语从句。先行词为指物的mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/ which。]
5．paintings　[考查名词的复数。“so many＋复数名词”为一常用短语。]
6．by　[考查介词的固定用法。根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by＋交通工具名词”为一固定短语。]
7．is　[考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时，由于主语是单数第三人称形式，因此答案为is。]
8．conducted　[考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。study与conduct之间为动宾关系，故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外，by是解题的关键词，conducted by...意为“由……所做的”。]
9．regularly　[考查副词的用法。该词修饰谓语动词arrange，故要用其副词形式。]
10．living　[考查现在分词短语作后置定语的用法。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式。]
B
【语篇导读】　相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。
1. built　[考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。]
2. the　[考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。]
3. ability　[考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。]
4. using　[考查介词的用法。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。]
5. slowly　[考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give out，因此要用副词形式。]
6. to cool　[考查固定句式的用法。“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为一常用句式。]
7. at　[考查固定短语的用法。at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。]
8. goes　[考查动词的时态。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理，故用一般现在时态。]
9. natural　[考查形容词的用法。修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。]
10. how　[考查宾语从句的连接词用法。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。所以答案为how。]
C
【语篇导读】　这篇短文讲述的是Johnson先生一家人依靠农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛摔死了。Johnson先生不得不想其他办法继续生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。上帝给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了一扇门。
1．a　[句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定冠词，表示泛指一个……，修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知，Johnson先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填a。]
2．luckily　[句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily副词，幸运的是。根据文意可知，Johnson先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶，能让他维持生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子。]
3．for　[句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或用牛奶换其他的食物。本句话中exchange 的意思是交换，根据句意可知，Johnson先生用牛奶换其他的食物。这里是用短语exchange...for...，故填介词for。]
4．was left　[句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或用牛奶换其他的食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开；剩下，留下。根据文意可知，Johnson先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。]
5．when　[句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起大雨。when是并列连词，意思是正在这时。这句话使用的句型是be doing sth when...，正在做某事这时……。]
6．fell　[句意：在慌忙逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下山死了。fall摔倒，掉下来，根据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态，故这里填过去式fell。]
7．without　[句意：奶牛死了，Johnson先生不得不继续生活。根据文意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson先生就不得不在没有了奶牛情况下生活。故填without。]
8．to sell　[句意：因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长，Johnson先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell卖，销售。根据文意可知，Johnson先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖。这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。]
9．where　[句意：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the market。]
10．him　[句意：现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。It occurred to sb that...某人突然发现……，这是一个固定的句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是Johnson先生，故填him。]
D
1．was　[文章讲的是1969年的事情，故用过去时。]
2．actually　[修饰动词caught，用副词actually“实际上”。]
3．the　[most outstanding是最高级，前面需要加the。]
4．or　[河流不是几天或者几个月里就改变了的，这里两个时间是选择关系，故用or。]
5．to reduce　[这里考查固定句型：It takes some time to do sth“做某事花费多长时间”。故应填不定式to reduce。]
6．cleaner　[根据下文than知用形容词的比较级。]
7．that/which　[habit是先行词，故用that/which引导定语从句。]
8．amazing　[是“令人吃惊的”，用形容词修饰名词stories，而amazed指“人感到吃惊的”，用来修饰人。]
9．changes　[根据句子的谓语“are”可知主语应为复数。]
10．patient　[根据空格前系动词“be”可知这里应为形容词。]
E
【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要叙述了有一次乘车的时候，很多乘客都非常焦虑、失望地等待。当汽车来了并且前行的时候，一个骑车的男孩儿在后面追着汽车，并且大声地叫嚷，但是司机没有停车。直到到了下一站，男孩儿终于追上来，和司机交谈之后，人们才知道刚才有人丢失了手提箱，他是来给送箱子的。人们都被这个孩子的行为感动了。
1．being　[因about为介词，其后加名词或动名词，故填being。]
2．and　[根据文章内容可知空前和空后为顺承关系，故填and。]
3．disappointed　[由前文可知人们感到失望，需用－ed结尾的形容词disappointed。]
4．to　[next to为固定短语“靠近，邻近”。]
5．caught　[文章讲述的是过去的事，故用过去式。]
6．to stop　[refuse to do sth为固定短语“拒绝做某事”。]
7．riding　[keep doing sth为固定短语“一直做某事”。]
8．Did　[询问过去发生的事情用过去时。]
9．me/mine　[此处缺少表语。强调“我的包或者是我丢了包”。]
10．suddenly　[此处缺少副词，故用suddenly。]
F
1．at　[考查固定搭配。laugh at嘲笑。]
2．softly　[考查and连接两个并列成分，因为前面是naturally，因此后面用副词形式。]
3．painful　[我的腿疼了。放在become后面的应该是形容词。pain为名词或者动词。]
4．holding　[keep doing sth保持；继续做某事，固定搭配。]
5．it　[此处的it代替上文的your leg。]
6．is called　[考查语态。太极在英语中被叫做“shadow boxing”。]
7．as　[固定搭配 as well as。]
8．harder　[此处考查the＋比较级……，the ＋比较级……结构。]
9．if　[考查句子关系。句意：如果你不介意的话，我停下来做个深呼吸。]
10．breath　[考查固定搭配。take a deep breath深呼吸。]
G
【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，真是喜出望外的事。
1．it　[在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。]
2．earlier　[在句中作状语，依然用副词；不变词性，因为是较早的做的事，所以用比较级。]
3．were told　[由句意可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。]
4．but　[根据上下句意，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”，为not...but...结构。]
5．why　[意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。]
6．for　[charge...for...是习惯搭配。]
7．surprisingly　[因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊讶地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。]
8．the　[特指“在顶楼”。]
9．where　[先行词是地点the beach，且在定语从句中作状语，故填where (＝on which ＝and on the beach ＝and there)。]
10．sunburnt/sunburned　[在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn的分词形式是sunburned或sunburnt。]
【模拟试题精练】
1．2016年模拟试题
A
【语篇导读】　本文介绍了作者参加兴趣班的事。
1．to see　[考查非谓语动词。chance后面跟动词不定式作后置定语。]
2．of　[考查固定搭配。different kinds of各种不同种类的。]
3．usually　[考查副词。修饰后面的动词的应该用副词。]
4．are　[考查主谓一致。主语是some，代指前文提到的classes，所以谓语动词用复数。]
5．which/that　[考查定语从句。修饰前面的名词class，先行词在从句中作主语。]
6．more　[考查形容词比较级。后面有than，所以和比较级连用。]
7．skills　[考查名词。前面有many修饰，所以用复数形式。]
8．began　[考查动词。我在学校里开始的爱好，是过去的事情，用过去时。]
9．them　[考查代词。但是我没后悔过参加他们，此处用them代替前面的hobbies。]
10．best　[考查形容词。句意应该为：我最好的朋友就是我在体操课上遇到的。]
B
【语篇导读】　文章旨在说明：生活中我们一定要处理好工作、家庭、健康、朋友和精神这五者之间的平衡关系。
1．them　[考查代词。name是叫……名字，是个动词，后面用宾格形式。]
2．pieces　[考查名词复数。如果你扔掉他们其中的一个，就会碎成片。]
3．is　[考查主谓一致。句意：因为我们是独一无二的，每个人都是特别的。each of us作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。]
4．what　[考查宾语从句。句意：只有你知道什么对你来说是最好的。]
5．up　[考查动词短语。give up放弃。]
6．trying　[考查v.－ing形式作宾语。stop doing停止做某事。]
7．a　[考查冠词。句意：知识是无形的，一种可以随身携带的财富。表示泛指。]
8．easily　[考查副词。easily用来修饰carry。]
9．are going/are to go/will go　[考查动词的时态。句意：不要让生活过得如何快，这样你就忘记你去过哪，你在哪和你将要去哪。]
10．be enjoyed　[考查非谓语动词。句意：生活不是一场比赛，而是慢慢享受的旅行。]
C
【语篇导读】　校园暴力这一现象引起了老师和家长的关注。本文介绍了校园暴力形成的原因以及阻止校园暴力的方法。
1．expressed　[考查时态。根据该句中的“showed”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填expressed。]
2．the　[考查冠词。the whole society意为“全社会”，为固定用法，故填the。]
3．calls　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，which指代“a phenomenon”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数；由“I think this is”可知，应用一般现在时，故填calls。]
4．to prevent　[考查动词不定式。我们应当尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生。make every effort to do sth 为固定搭配，故此处应用动词不定式作宾补。]
5．safety　[考查名词。根据空处前的“their personal”可知，空处应填名词safety。]
6．Actually　[考查副词。分析该句结构可知，空处修饰全句，作状语，故用副词Actually。]
7．what　[考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“see”的宾语，故用what。]
8．more　[考查比较级。句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会以暴制暴，因为这会导致更多的打斗。根据句意可知，空处应使用比较级。]
9．ourselves　[考查反身代词。behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止规矩有礼，检点”；根据主语“we”可知，空处应用反身代词ourselves。]
10．from　[考查介词。keep away from为固定搭配，意为“远离”。]
D
【语篇导读】　 每年的4月23号是世界读书日。读书在每个人的成长中都起着重要的作用。然而，网络世界使人们买书、读书的机会少了。但是很多人还是喜欢读书，因为它已经成为生活中的一部分。
1．falls　[考查动词时态。根据句中every year可知句子时态应用一般现在时，又根据句子主语知谓语用第三人称单数。]
2．Reading　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句子缺少主语，故用动名词作主语。]
3．growth　[考查名词。物主代词后应该跟名词，故答案为growth。]
4．However　[考查副词。前后句为转折关系，故用However。]
5．worrying　[考查非谓语动词。修饰名词应用形容词形式。worrying意为“令人担心的，令人担忧的”。]
6．have closed　[考查谓语。句意：更糟糕的是，很多书店已经关门了，因为很多爱读书的人买书比以前少了。由句意知时态应用现在完成时。故用have closed。]
7．fewer　[考查比较级。根据上题解析可知应用few的比较级fewer。]
8．has been　[考查谓语。句意：很多人还是喜欢读书，因为它已经成为生活中的一部分。由句意可知应用现在完成时，故答案为has been。]
9．also　[考查副词。句意：读书能够让我们知道世界各地的信息，它也对我们人格的形成有一定的影响，能够让我们更聪明。故用副词also。]
10．never　[考查副词。It is never too late to...是一固定句型，意为“……永远不会太晚”。]
E
【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素，从而挽救了数百万人的生命。
1．but　[考查连词。空前语境为：青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物；空后语境为：它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。根据空处前后语境可以判断，两句为转折关系，故用转折连词but。]
2．is　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“who uses the plant’s special power”可知，该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为Tu Youyou，故用is。]
3．to receive　[考查动词不定式。根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断，该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。]
4．it　[考查it的用法。分析该句结构可知，动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans作真正的主语，it作形式主语。]
5．that/which　[考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为medicine，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。]
6．medicines　[考查名词的数。根据该句中的them可以判断，空处应用复数形式。]
7．by/on/at/in　[考查介词。by hand意为“用手”；on hand，at hand，in hand意为“在手头”。根据语境可知这四个介词都对。]
8．returned　[考查时态。根据下句的“Her little daughter didn’t recognize her”可知，这里陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。]
9．trying　[考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth 为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故用trying。]
10．from　[考查动词短语。suffer from为固定搭配，意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。]
F
【语篇导读】　本文通过事实证明：亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法。
1．best　[考查形容词最高级。此处表示“亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法”，故用best。]
2．successfully　[考查副词。副词修饰动词designed和built作状语，故用successfully。]
3．at　[考查介词。at the bottom of表示“在……的底部”，故用at。]
4．to answer　[考查动词不定式。在这里to answer是动词不定式作目的状语，表示“制造这个机器人是为了回应美国国防部的一项挑战”。]
5．called　[考查过去分词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语，表示“被叫作”，故用called。]
6．its　[考查代词。由后面的movements可知，应用形容词性物主代词作定语。]
7．enable　[考查动词和时态。分析句子结构可知，主语是devices，谓语是设空处，故应用动词enable，表示“使发生”。且此处是一般性的描述，故应用一般现在时。]
8．a　[考查冠词。a set of表示“一系列”，故用a。]
9．to　[考查固定短语。up to表示“达到”，故用to。]
10．beginning　[考查固定短语。from beginning to end表示“从头到尾”。]
G
【语篇导读】　本文主要讲了发生火灾时应注意的事项以及如何在火灾中逃生。
1．breaks　[考查时态。有主句时态可知此处应用一般现在时，在it后面，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。break out为不及物动词短语，不用被动语态。]
2．are killed　[考查被动语态。根据句意，每年有11 000个人在着火的房子中伤亡，所以填kill的被动形式，因为是陈述事实，所以be动词用现在时。]
3．careless　[考查形容词。根据句意，吸烟者引发死伤和火灾，所以是粗心大意的吸烟者。]
4．who　[考查定语从句。由句子结构可知此处应填定语从句的引导词，先行词是人并在定语从句中作主语，所以用who。]
5．the　[考查冠词。前文中提到了fire，所以在此处提到上文提到过的事物时，要用定冠词the，表示特指。]
6．going　[考查动名词。此处的before是介词，介词后面的名词要用动名词形式。]
7．slowly　[考查副词。open此处为动词，所以用副词形式slowly。]
8．others　[考查代词。others：“其他人”，此处做warn的宾语，other为形容词，后必有名词。]
9．as　[考查语境和介词。考查语境和介词。根据句意，在逃跑的过程中使用这个技能，此处as作为介词，有“作为”的意思。]
10．length　[考查名词。空前的arm’s是物主代词，后面应该接名词，long的名词形式是length(长度)。]
H
1．stages　[考查名词。在英语中one of后要加可数名词的复数，故用stages。]
2. their　[考查代词。由于空格后是名词home，故根据句意其前面要用一个形容词性物主代词，故用their。]
3．Especially　[考查副词。分析句子结构和句中的成分，可知此处要用一个副词来修饰整个句子的内容，故填Especially。 ]
4．from　[考查介词。在英语中，far from是固定搭配，意思是：远离……。]
5．independent　[考查形容词。根据句意，可知此处要用一个形容词作表语表示状态，故填independent。]
6．be taught　[考查动词语态。根据句意，由于主语是you，与teach之间是被动关系，而在空格前是助动词will，故用be taught。]
7．what　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个表语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知要填what。 ]
8．academic　[考查形容词。由于空格后的benefit是一个名词，故其前面要用一个形容词修饰它，故填academic。]
9．to develop　[考查动词不定式。在英语中，allow sb to do sth是固定搭配，意思是“允许某人做某事”。]
10．where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个定语从句，从句中的主干成分没有残缺，由于先行词是表地点的place，要填关系副词where。]
I
【语篇导读】　本文讲述了中国的二孩政策。
1．giving　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，give与句子主语China之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填giving。]
2．announced　[考查时态。根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。]
3．issued　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue与communique之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。]
4．before　[考查连词。提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before“在……之前”。]
5．to control　[考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。]
6．growth　[考查名词。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。]
7．to　[考查介词。limit...to...“限定……到……”是固定搭配。]
8．who/that　[考查定语从句。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为Parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that。]
9．a　[考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。]
10．further　[考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事物的程度，故用further。]
J
【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了影响人们交流的两种主要方式，即面部表情和肢体语言。
1．which　[考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。]
2．Using　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， use在句中作主语，故用动名词形式。]
3．but　[考查连词。前后语义为转折关系，故用but。]
4．possesses　[考查主谓一致。此处为that引导的定语从句，a face－to－face conversation作主语为单数故谓语用possesses。]
5．greatly　[考查副词。修饰动词affect要用副词。]
6．is thinking　[考查动词时态。think 和从句主语the other person 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且从句缺少谓语，且后有and feeling，故用进行时is thinking。]
7．be applied　[考查语态。Facial expression与apply为动宾关系用被动语态。前面有can，系动词用原形。]
8．features　[考查名词。前有形容词physical，故用名词feature复数形式。]
9．to comfort　[考查非谓语动词。此句中can be 为谓语，空处为非谓语，to do表目的。]
10．between　[考查介词。在交流双方之间用between。]
K
【语篇导读】　文章主要记叙了伟大的哲学家苏格拉底，讲了他免费给学生上课，学生都喜欢他，他与众不同的教学方式也招来了许多敌人，导致他被捕入狱，但是他直到死前的最后一刻都十分淡定从容的故事。
1．for　[考查介词。介词for在此处表示“为了”，说明他上课时为了对智慧的热爱不是为了钱，故填for。]
2．what　[考查名词性从句。此处what作连词代词引导主语从句，故填what。]
3．dangerous　[考查形容词。形容词dangerous用来修饰名词enemies。]
4．falsely　[考查副词。此处副词falsely用来修饰动词accused。]
5．leading　[考查动名词。accuse sb of doing sth指控某人某事，此处leading和teaching并列作为指控的内容，故填leading。]
6．arrested　[考查被动语态。have him arrested“他被逮捕”，过去分词在此处表示被动含义，故填arrested。]
7．were allowed　[考查被动语态。此处用被动语态表示“他的朋友和学生被允许去看他”，故填were allowed。]
8．he　[考查代词。he在此处代指苏格拉底，表示他们很吃惊地发现他很镇定和高兴，故填he。]
9．tears　[考查名词。in tears表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配。]
10．bravest　[考查形容词最高级。the＋形容词最高级，表示“最……”，使用bravest表示“最勇敢的”，说明苏格拉底似乎是房间里最勇敢的人，故填bravest。]
L
【语篇导读】　本文介绍了黑色星期五的由来。
1．frequently　[考查副词。句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语is referred to，应用副词。]
2．to　[考查固定搭配。relate to...“和……有关”，是固定短语。]
3．being　[考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being“in the black”on the Friday after Thanksgiving作主语。]
4．to get　[考查非谓语动词。它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作the opportunity的定语。]
5．and　[考查并列连词。多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。]
6．an　[考查冠词。an early start“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。]
7．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“people face crowded stores”这句话，应用关系代词which。]
8．busiest　[考查形容词最高级。它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。]
9．involved　[考查非谓语动词。很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与stress为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。]
10．has seen　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In recent years可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语the Saturday before Christmas为单数，故用has seen。]
M
【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。不良的饮食习惯给人们带来了很多危害，因此作者呼吁大家要养成健康的饮食习惯。
1．becoming　[考查动词的用法。与前面的“are spending”构成并列谓语，故用－ing形式。]
2．beneficial　[考查固定搭配的用法。谓语动词为系动词be，故用形容词作表语。“be no beneficial to”意思是“对……无益”。]
3．what　[考查关系词的用法。句意：当我们购买了现成的或提前准备好的食物时，我们很难清楚地知道我们吃的到底是什么。know后面的宾语从句中缺少宾语，故填what。]
4．more　[考查比较级的用法。根据后面的than这个词，可知要用形容词的比较级。]
5．to make　[考查不定式的用法。由语境可知此处意为“为确保……”，应当用不定式作目的状语。]
6．changes　[考查动词时态的用法。the number of 意思是“……的数目”。“The number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。]
7．on　[考查固定搭配的用法。on the other hand 为固定搭配，意思是“另一方面”。]
8．weight　[考查名词的用法。put on后面缺少宾语，应当变成名词。“put on weight”是“增肥”的意思。]
9．a　[考查冠词的用法。live a happy life“过着幸福的生活”，这是固定词组。]
10．balanced　[考查形容词的用法。修饰名词diet要用形容词，balanced意思是“均衡的”。]
N
【语篇导读】　本文介绍了积极乐观的重要性。
1．who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可以得出“________ won’t”是一个定语从句，先行词“a wise man”在从句中作主语，再结合前一句可知，此处填who。]
2．than　[考查比较级。根据句意及“better”可知，此处填“better”。]
3．cheerfulness　[考查名词。without 是介词，介词后只能跟名词或是动名词，所以此处填“cheerful”的名词形式“cheerfulness”。]
4．it　[考查代词。分析句子结构可以得出“________”在这里只是“find”的形式宾语，真正的宾语是“to be happy”，所以此处填 “it”。]
5．to be　[考查不定式。分析句子结构，“________ cheerful when it is not easy to be cheerful shows greatness.”是“that” 引导的宾语从句，而 “________ cheerful”是从句中的主语，再根据句意分析，句子具有一定的将来意义，所以用“to be”。]
6．our　[考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意，此处填“我们的”，所以用“our”。]
7．consists　[考查动词。这一句的主语“the perfection of cheerfulness”是单数形式，再结合全文来看，全文中以一般现在时来写，所以此处也应用第三人称单数形式。故填 “consists”]
8．parts　[考查动词。根据句子结构及句意，此处的动作和前面的“arises”是并列关系，所以part用第三人称单数形式。]
9．valuable　[考查形容词。根据句意，“它虽然不花钱，但它确实是无价的。”所以此处应用“value”的形容词形式“valuable”。]
10．be lighted　[考查动词语态。根据句意，“要想点亮他人的心，必须先点亮自己的心”。但后面半句的主语是“heart”，所以要用被动语态，故填 “be lighted”。]
2．经典模拟试题
A
【语篇导读】　本文告诉我们薯条是怎么被发明出来的。
1．a　[考查冠词。restaurant是名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。]
2．to enjoy　[考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示许多富人常常来这里吃他烹饪的饭菜。]
3．when　[考查表语从句。此处应用when引导表语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。]
4．angrily　[考查副词。根据前面“walk out of the restaurant”可知，后面应用副词angrily修饰动词。]
5．because　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“因为油炸的薯条不够脆”，强调原因，故用because。]
6．usual　[考查形容词。根据后面的名词way可知，此处应用形容词。]
7．to eat　[考查动词不定式。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”。]
8．who　[考查疑问词。根据后面“It’s George Crum”可知，此处问的是谁发明了薯条。]
9．later　[考查副词。根据后面的“set up”可知，这里应用later。]
10．favorite　[考查形容词。根据后面的“foods”可知，这里需要用形容词，且表示“最喜欢的”。]
B
【语篇导读】　本文为Mike与Rose之间的一段对话。Mike想买一台电脑，为此他向Rose征求建议。Rose建议他买一台既满足需要又便宜的使用英特尔奔腾Ⅲ处理器的电脑。
1．some　[考查形容词。give sb some advice表示“给某人一些建议”。some用于疑问句时表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，此时不用any。]
2．pleasure　[考查名词。with pleasure表示“当然了，很愿意”，是固定短语。]
3．faster　[考查比较级。根据than的提示可知，此处应用比较级。]
4．though/although　[考查连词。此处为让步状语从句，表示尽管使用英特尔奔腾Ⅲ处理器的电脑没有使用英特尔奔腾Ⅳ处理器的电脑速度快，但是它们更便宜。]
5．speaking　[考查非谓语动词。generally speaking表示“一般来说”，为固定短语，在句中独立作状语。]
6．needs　[考查名词。此处表示它们能够很好地满足人们的需要。]
7．should　[考查情态动词。Mike觉得应该买运转最快的电脑。根据语境可知，应填should。]
8．had worked　[考查过去完成时。根据前文中的“My old computer was out of work lately”可知，此处表示以前的电脑在坏掉前运转很慢，指“过去的过去”，因此使用过去完成时。]
9．it　[考查代词。此处it作宾语从句中的形式主语，其后的不定式“to buy the fastest one”是真正的主语。]
10．probably　[考查副词。此处用副词作状语。注意：该句中good作表语，不要误以为probable作表语。]
C
【语篇导读】　作者是一个穷困潦倒的画家，住在嘈杂的闹市区。难以继日时，Joe会施以援手，这让作者感到非常幸运。
1．lived　[考查一般过去时。本文描述的是多年前的事，因此用一般过去时。]
2．because　[考查连词。“我”的公寓的房租很便宜，因为“我”住在最繁忙之一的街区里。]
3．how　[考查引导词。根据语境可知，此处表示“外边是繁忙的街区，那我是怎样睡着的？”。]
4．so　[考查固定结构。“so much＋不可数名词”意为“如此多的……”。]
5．one　[考查代词。“我”住的公寓在一个很吵闹的商店/酒吧上面。one代指商店或酒吧。]
6．of　[考查介词。be short of意为“缺少/短缺……”。]
7．a　[考查固定短语。take a look意为“看一看”，是固定结构。]
8．interesting　[考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我找到某个有趣的人去交谈”。]
9．doing　[考查非谓语动词。介词“for”后应跟动词－ing形式。]
10．fortunate　[考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此空应填其形容词形式。]
D
【语篇导读】　这是一位女士和交警之间的一段对话，这位女士在学校附近超速。
1．were going　[考查过去进行时。根据语境可知，此处表示刚才女士驾车的速度已经达到35 mph，故用过去进行时。]
2．But　[考查连词。根据下文中的“There is no school today”可知，此处表示转折，意为“但是今天是星期天”，故用But。]
3．are　[考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是一般性的陈述，故用一般现在时；再根据空格后的signs可知，此处用复数形式，故填are。]
4．to play　[考查动词不定式。根据语境可知，此处表示“孩子们经常在周末到学校来运动”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，即to play。]
5．if　[考查固定短语。此处表示“如果你意外撞倒他们中的一个怎么办”，故此处用what if“如果……怎么办”的固定结构。]
6．terribly　[考查副词。此处用副词terribly修饰形容词sorry，表示“十分抱歉”。]
7．a　[考查冠词。此处表示“你能放过我，只给一个警告吗？”，故用不定冠词a。]
8．who/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“__8__ break the rules”是定语从句，修饰先行词drivers，指人，从句中缺少主语，故可用who或that。]
9．much　[考查副词。此处表示“需要罚多少钱”，用How much。]
10．less　[考查比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处用little的比较级less。]
E
【语篇导读】　本文讲述了作者小时候患抑郁症后得到了校长的关爱而走出阴影的故事。
1．a　[考查冠词。child是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个”好孩子。]
2．Unfortunately　[考查副词。不幸的是，情况并非如此。根据逗号的提示可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语。再根据句意可知，应用Unfortunately。]
3．confidence　[考查名词。my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作定语，故用confidence。]
4．shutting　[考查现在分词。shut和句子主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。]
5．after　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用连词after，表示“在……之后”。]
6．depressed　[考查形容词。由句子的主语I和该空前的逗号可知，应用形容词depressed在句子中作状语。]
7．moments　[考查名词。根据空格前的“one of”并结合语境可知，此处用最高级修饰名词moments，表示“最珍贵的时刻之一”。]
8．had noticed　[考查过去完成时。notice的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。]
9．hers　[考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，且由空格前的“my hands”可知，此处用名词性物主代词hers，表示她的手。]
10．who　[考查非限定性定语从句。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the headmaster。]

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