人与社会：开着灯睡觉好吗？ 学案 高考英语外刊精读
展开人与社会：开着灯睡觉好吗？
导读：
城市里，夜幕降临，街灯、霓虹灯随之闪烁起来，整晚灯火通明，晚上休息时即便拉上窗帘，房间里也或多或少会透进灯光，你是否在意过这些或明或暗的灯光呢？还有些人可能因为晚上怕黑，开灯睡觉或临睡前点上一盏小夜灯来寻求安全感。无论是有意还是无意，晚上人们睡觉时可能都会暴露于一定的灯光下，而这对我们的健康有没有影响呢？下面读一篇《华盛顿邮报》的文章了解一下吧！
一、语篇泛读
From the streetlights outside our bedrooms to the lamps and devices inside, sleeping with some amount of light has become a way of life for many.
That may not be such a bright idea. Research suggests that sleeping in a moderately lit room could affect metabolic and cardiovascular health compared with snoozing in a room with dimmer light.
In a study published in PNAS, researchers at Northwestern University had two groups of 10 young adults sleep in differently lit rooms. One group slept in rooms with dim light for two nights; the other slept one night in a room with dim light and the next in a room with moderate overhead light—about the equivalent of an overcast day. Participants wore heart monitors at night. In the morning, they did a variety of glucose tests.
Both groups got the same amount of sleep but their bodies experienced very different nights. Both groups responded well to insulin the first night, when they both slept in dim lighting.
On the second night, however, the group sleeping in brighter lighting didn’t respond as well to insulin. The dim light sleepers’ insulin resistance scores fell about 4 percent on the second night, while the bright sleepers’ rose about 15 percent. Their heart rates were faster on the bright night, too.
The heightened heart rate and other measures led the researchers to conclude that light activates the sympathetic nervous system, which usually dominates bodily functions during the day.
“Just a single night of exposure to moderate room lighting during sleep can impair glucose and cardiovascular regulation, which are risk factors for heart disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome,” said Phyllis Zee, chief of sleep medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and a Northwestern Medicine physician who led the study, in a news release. “It’s important for people to avoid or minimize the amount of light exposure during sleep.”
The study was small and only tracked subjects for a limited time. More investigation is needed, the researchers write, but light exposure during sleep “could have implications for those living in modern societies where indoor and outdoor nighttime light exposure is increasingly widespread.”
选自Washington Post
二、语篇精读
From the streetlights outside our bedrooms to the lamps and devices inside, sleeping with some amount of light has become a way of life for many.
device n. 装置，仪器，设备
way of life 生活方式
many可以直接表示“许多人”，同样地，some也可表示“有些人”。
That may not be such a bright idea. Research suggests that sleeping in a moderately lit room could affect metabolic and cardiovascular health compared with snoozing in a room with dimmer light.
moderately adv. 一般地，勉强地；适中，适度 --- moderate adj. 中等的；适度的；克制的；和缓的 v.使克制；使和缓 --- immoderate adj. 反义词
light v. [lit, lit] 照亮，使明亮
metabolic adj. 新陈代谢的
cardiovascular adj. 心血管的
snooze v. 小睡，打盹
dim adj. [dimmer, dimmest] 不明亮的，光线暗淡的，昏暗的
In a study published in PNAS, researchers at Northwestern University had two groups of 10 young adults sleep in differently lit rooms. One group slept in rooms with dim light for two nights; the other slept one night in a room with dim light and the next in a room with moderate overhead light—about the equivalent of an overcast day. Participants wore heart monitors at night. In the morning, they did a variety of glucose tests.
overhead adj. 头上方的，地面以上的 adv. 在头上方，在空中
equivalent n. 相等的东西，等量，对应词 adj. （价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的
overcast adj. 阴天的，多云的，阴暗的
heart monitor 心脏监测器
glucose n. 葡萄糖
Both groups got the same amount of sleep but their bodies experienced very different nights. Both groups responded well to insulin the first night, when they both slept in dim lighting.
insulin n. 胰岛素
On the second night, however, the group sleeping in brighter lighting didn’t respond as well to insulin. The dim light sleepers’ insulin resistance scores fell about 4 percent on the second night, while the bright sleepers’ rose about 15 percent. Their heart rates were faster on the bright night, too.
resistance n. 抵抗，反抗；抵制，反对 [insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗]
resist v. 对抗；抵抗；忍住 resist doing something
The heightened heart rate and other measures led the researchers to conclude that light activates the sympathetic nervous system, which usually dominates bodily functions during the day.
heighten v. （使）加强，提高，增强
conclude v. 断定，推断出，得出结论
activate v. 使活动，激活，使活化
sympathetic adj. 同情的；交感神经的 [sympathetic nervous system 交感神经系统]
dominate v. 支配，控制，左右，影响
bodily adj. 人体的，身体的 adv. 移动全身地，用力地；整个地，完全地
“Just a single night of exposure to moderate room lighting during sleep can impair glucose and cardiovascular regulation, which are risk factors for heart disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome,” said Phyllis Zee, chief of sleep medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and a Northwestern Medicine physician who led the study, in a news release. “It’s important for people to avoid or minimize the amount of light exposure during sleep.”
impair v. 损害，削弱
diabetes n. 糖尿病
syndrome n. 综合征，综合症状
exposure n. 暴露 --- expose v. 显露；揭露；使暴露
The study was small and only tracked subjects for a limited time. More investigation is needed, the researchers write, but light exposure during sleep “could have implications for those living in modern societies where indoor and outdoor nighttime light exposure is increasingly widespread.”
track v. 跟踪（进展情况）
implication n. 可能的影响（作用或结果）
三、读后练习——语法填空
From the streetlights outside our bedrooms to the lamps and devices inside, sleeping with some amount of light 1.________ (become) a way of life for many. That may not be such a bright idea. Research suggests that sleeping in a moderately lit room could affect metabolic 2.________ cardiovascular health compared with 3.________ (snooze) in a room with 4.________ (dim) light. In a study 5.________ (publish) in PNAS, researchers at Northwestern University had two groups of 10 young adults sleep in 6.________ (different) lit rooms. One group slept in rooms with dim light for two nights; 7.________ other slept one night in a room with dim light and the next in a room with moderate overhead light—about the equivalent of an overcast day. 8. ________ (participant) wore heart monitors at night. 9.________ the morning, they did a variety of glucose tests. Both groups got the same amount of sleep but their bodies experienced very different nights. Both groups responded well to insulin the first night, 10. ________ they both slept in dim lighting.
【参考答案】
1、has become 谓语动词的现在完成时。
2、and 连词，根据句意表并列关系。
3、snoozing 介词后接doing形式。
4、dimmer 形容词的隐形比较级。
5、published 非谓语动词的被动形式。
6、differently 修饰形容词或动词用副词的形式。
7、the 固定句式结构，one...the other...
8、Participants 名词的单复数。
9、In 介词的固定搭配。
10、when 非限定性定语从句，先行词是表示时间的，故用when。
