高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修8 Unit 22 Environmental Word版含解析

这是一份高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修8 Unit 22 Environmental Word版含解析，共17页。

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选修8
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[话题素材]
好词
1．beauty v. 美化 2.destroy v. 破坏
3．waste n. 废弃物；vt. 浪费 4.harmony n. 和谐
5．environment n. 环境 6.influence n. 影响
7．be faced with 面临 8.die out 灭绝
9．throw away 丢弃 10.for lack of 因缺乏
11．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
12．result in 导致
佳句
1．Water resources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is_unfit_to_drink.
水资源受到了严重污染，一些水不适宜饮用。
2．It's__important_to_recycle_ the things that can be recyclable.
回收利用可再循环的东西是很重要的。
[精美语篇]
Nowadays， with the number of cars increasing fast in our city， our environment is getting increasingly worse. One of the reasons is that there are more cars than ever before. Although driving cars really makes our life easier， it has a bad effect on our environment by giving off waste gas. At times， the air gets so badly polluted that people have to put on masks. In addition， traffic jams are caused mainly because of too many cars on the roads. If people choose to ride bicycles instead of driving cars， our life will become better.

高频单词
1．trap (vt.) 使困住
2．beyond (prep.) 超出
3．relevant (adj.) 相关的→relevance (n.) 相关(性)
4．agriculture (n.) 农业→agricultural (adj.) 农业的
5．coincidence (n.) 巧合→coincident (adj.) 同时发生的
6．reserve (n.) 保护区 (vt.) 保留；预订→reserved (adj.) 预定的，保留的→reservation (n.) 预订；保留
7．advocate (vt.) 主张，提倡→advocacy (n.) 拥护，提倡
8．substitute (n.) 代替品，代用品
9．threaten (vt.) 威胁→threat (n.) 威胁
10．separation (n.) 分离，分开→separate (vt.) 分离；分开 (adj.) 不同的；各自的
11．means (n.) 方法→means (pl.)
12．construct (vt.) 建造→construction (n.) 建造
13．adopt (vt.) 采用，收养→adoption (n.) 收养；采用
14．considerate (adj.) 想得周到的，体贴的→consider (v.) 考虑→consideration (n.) 考虑；体贴
15．finance (n.) 资金→financial (adj.) 财政的，金融的
16．allocate (vt.) 分配，配给→allocation (n.) 分配；配给
17．politics (n.) 政治(活动)→political (adj.) 政治的→politician (n.) 政治家
18．sharpen (vt.&vi.) 削尖→sharp (adj.) 尖的；锐利的
重点短语
1．beyond_one's_control　超出……的控制，不受……的控制
2．look_ahead 展望未来
3．refer_to 指的是；参考，查阅
4．in_turn 依次
5．take_action 采取行动
6．ahead_of 在……的前面
7．lead_to 引起，导致
8．apart_from 除……之外
9．answer_for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任
10．call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束
11．or_else 否则，不然
12．on one's behalf 代表
13．for good 永远
14．carry off 掠去，夺走
15．all in all 总的来说
16．earn one's living 谋生
17．plug one's ears 塞住耳朵
18．all the best 祝一切顺利
19．sum up 总结，概括
20．as a matter of fact 实际上
热点句型
1．looking ahead为动词­ing形式作状语
Looking_ahead,_scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.(教材P6)
展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖是21世纪所面临的最大的问题之一。
2．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving_the_Earth_cold_and_impossible_to_live_on.(教材P6)
如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳的能量将会被反射回太空去，地球将处于寒冷之中，而不适合生命的存在。
3．given用作介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到，倘若”
Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(教材P6)
鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。
4．made by everyone worldwide为过去分词短语作后置定语
If we add up all these small changes made_by_everyone_ worldwide,_they won't be such small changes.(教材P6)
如果我们把全世界每个人所创造的小改变叠加起来，那将不再是小变化。
5．英语中的拟人手法
The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. (教材P10)
过去的几年经历了大规模的自然灾害，专家预测以后将会更糟。
教材复现
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．They claim that in the last 50 years, gases ________ (pump) into the Earth's atmosphere by the factories and vehicles have ________ speeding up the process of global warming and affecting our climate.
答案：pumped; been
2．But what exactly is global warming, why is it ________ (see) as a danger, and how is it relevant ________ our lives?
答案：seen; to
3．When the presence of these gases in the atmosphere increases, ________， more heat is ________ (trap) and the Earth's temperature rises.
答案：however; trapped
4．The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen ________ more than 30% in the last 250 years with half of this increase ________ (occur) since 1960.
答案：by; occurring
5．Recent reports ________ (warn) that global warming will cause terrible climate changes including more frequent flooding, heat waves and droughts.
答案：warned
6．Governments all over the world have a ________ (responsible) to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide ________ their countries are producing.
答案：responsibility; which
7．This catastrophe is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide ________ have not yet got over their separation from loved ones ________ (lose) in the tsunami.
答案：who; lost
8．These homes, seldom made of bricks, can ________ (easy) fall down in earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides, especially in ________ (mountain) areas.
答案：easily; mountainous
9．Volcanoes and earthquakes are even more dangerous ________ in the past as around half the worlD s population now lives in cities.
答案：than
10．An even greater number of people live at risk, to some degree, from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million ________ (life) in the last hundred years.
答案：lives


1　　

Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.(P5)
因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。

(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套
be/feel trapped 陷入困境
be/get trapped in 被困在……中
(2)fall_into the trap of doing sth. 落入……的圈套
get out_of a trap 摆脱圈套
set/lay/place a trap for 为……设圈套
①[2015·湖北高考]The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.
事实上小马驹被困在两块岩石之间。
②[译林⑦－4]Having_been_trapped_in traffic, he was late for work.
因为交通堵塞，他上班迟到了。
③[朗文词典]Up to 25 people may be_trapped_in the burning building.
可能多达二十五个人被困在失火的大楼里。
④[牛津词典]You fell right into my trap.
你恰恰中了我的计。
⑤[2013·北京高考]Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.
Grace在小时候被困在鱼网中，丢失了它的尾巴。
2　　

Breweries are often built in nature reserves.(P5)
啤酒厂经常建在自然保护区里面。

(1)reserve sth. for sb. 为某人保留某物
reserve (one's) judgement (on sb./sth.) 暂不表态
(2)in reserve 贮存；备用
(3)reservation n. 保留；预定(房间，座位等)；居留地；保留地
without reservation 毫无保留地
have reservations about 对……持保留意见
make a reservation 预定(房间，座位等)
①[2015·浙江高考]They made_reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine equaled a college year's monthly rent.
他们预定座位的饭店饭菜昂贵，一瓶酒的价格等同于大学里一个月的房租。
②[2013·广东高考]The power of imagination need not be_reserved for children only.
想象的力量不必仅仅为儿童保留。
③She sat at the table reserved for customers.
她坐在为客人预定的桌子旁。
④This coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve last year.
这一沿海地区去年被命名为国家野生动物保护区。
3　　beyond　prep.超出(能力，范围等)；在……之外，在更远处；迟于……


In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth's climate－something previously seen as beyond our control.(P6)
在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。

(1)be beyond sb. 对于某人来说，难以想象、理解或估计
(2)beyond one's control 超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制
beyond one's reach 够不着，超出……之外
beyond one's power/ability 超出某人的能力
beyond words/description 无法形容，难以言表
beyond question/doubt 毫无疑问
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond compare 无与伦比
It's beyond me why/what... 我无法理解为什么/什么……
①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]The number of cities producing CO beyond_the_standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.
排放一氧化碳超标的城市数量已经从40座减少到9座了。
②Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
③[牛津词典]It's_beyond_me why she wants to marry Geoff.
我不能理解她为何要和杰弗结婚。
4　　

...and how is it relevant to our lives？(P6)
……并且它是如何与我们的生活有关的？

(1)be relevant to 和……有关
(2)a relevant suggestion/question/point 相关的提议/问题/观点
(3)表示“与……相关”的短语
be involved in
be associated with
be concerned with
be related to...
①[朗文词典]The question is not relevant_to my point.
这个问题和我的观点不相干。
②[牛津词典]Colour and sex are hardly relevant when appointing somebody to a job.
肤色和性别对于任命某人担任某职来说是没有什么关系的。
③[朗文词典]We told the police all the_relevant_facts.
我们把所有相关事实都告诉了警方。
5　　

Experts advocate that each person play their part.(P6)
专家们主张每一个人都要发挥自己的作用。

(1)advocate doing sth. 提倡/主张做某事
advocate that...(should)_do... 主张……做……(从句用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should可省略)
(2)an advocate of/for sth.支持某事的人，……的倡导者/拥护者
①[2013·上海高考]Those who advocate globalization claim that economies in developing countries benefit from new opportunities for small and home­based business.
提倡全球化的人宣称，发展中国家的经济从家庭式小作坊的新机遇中受益。
②[牛津词典]Do you advocate_banning cars in the city center?
你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗？
③[朗文词典]The leader advocates that each member play their part.
领导主张每个成员都发挥各自的作用。
④[朗文词典]She later became an advocate_for prisoners' rights.
她后来成了犯人权利的倡导者。
6　　substitute　n．代替品，代用品　vt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代

After all, there's no substitute for our Earth.(P6)
毕竟，地球是不可取代的。

(1)a substitute for sb./sth. 某人/物的代替品
(2)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A 用A代替B
substitute for 代替
①[2014·湖北高考]During the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and lived on the little money my wife earned by substitute teaching.
在接下来的几周里，我们学会了在我们的卡车里和靠我妻子代课挣得的钱生活。
②[牛津词典]Honey can substitute_for sugar in this recipe.
在这个食谱中可用蜂蜜代替食糖。
③[朗文词典]You can substitute margarine for butter in this recipe.
在这个食谱中你可以用人造黄油代替黄油。
④[朗文词典]There is no_substitute_for a good diet.
什么东西也代替不了好的饮食。
7　　

Match the sentences with appropriate reporting verbs from...admit, report, ...threaten (P7)
把句子和合适的动词搭配……承认，报道……威胁

(1)threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人
threaten to_do sth. 威胁要做某事；似乎要发生
(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓
a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁
①If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout.
如果陌生人闯入你的领地并威胁到你，你可以大喊。
②[牛津词典]My attacker threatened me with a gun.
攻击我的人用枪威胁我。
③[朗文词典]Sandra threatened_to_run away from home.
桑德拉威胁说要离家出走。
④[朗文词典]He made a threat against my family.
他恐吓我的家人。
8　　

The telephone is a means of communication.(P11)
电话是一种交流工具。

a means of (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
by means of 通过；用；借助于
by all means (表示同意)当然可以，没问题；务必；无论如何；千方百计地
by no means 绝不，一点也不(在句首时句子要部分倒装)
by this/that means 用这种/那种方法
①[朗文词典]My bicycle is my main means_of transportation.
自行车是我主要的交通工具。
②[牛津词典]There is no_means_of finding out what happened.
无法搞清楚发生了什么事情。
③[牛津词典]—Can I see it?
—By_all_means.
——我可以看看吗？
——当然可以！
④[朗文词典]The oil is transported by_means_of a pipe line.
石油用输油管道输送。
⑤[朗文词典]The results are by_no_means certain.
＝By no means are_the_results certain.
这些结果绝不是确定无疑的。
－特别提示－
(1)means“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形，当means作主语且有every, each等表示单数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等表示复数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
(2)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。
⑥[牛津词典]All possible means have been tried.
＝Every possible means has been tried.
一切办法都试过了。
易混辨析
单词
搭配
含义
way
前面用in，后接to do或of doing
普通用词，可指一般的方法
method
with the method of
有条理、系统的方法
means
by means of
手段或途径
manner
前面用in
方式、方法(只用单数)
approach
the approach to
指从事某事的特别方法、途径
[一言辨异]
We have found a new approach to this problem and can work out the problem by this means/in this way/with this method.我们找到了一种新的解决问题的方法，并且可以用这种方式解决这个问题。
⑦用way/method/means/manner/approach的适当形式填空
a．This is a two­year course taught by ________ of lectures.
b．[朗文词典]I'd like to tell her in my own ________.
c．[朗文词典]We need a new ________ to the problem of street crime.
d．[朗文词典]Ryan has a funny ________ of talking.
e．[朗文词典]The issue should be resolved in a ________ fair to both parties.
f．[牛津词典]I think we should try again with a different ________.
答案：a.means b．way
c．approach d．way　
e．manner　 f．method
9　　

The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...(P12)
中国政府已采用了好几项噪音控制计划……

(1)adopt an idea 采纳意见
adopt a(n) approach/policy/attitude 采取一种方法/政策/态度
(2)adoption n. 采纳，采用；收养
adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的
adoptive adj. 收养的
①[2014·北京高考]She had just been_adopted by a family in town who decided that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids.
她刚被镇里的一户人家收养，他们认为让她了解美国人的生活方式最好方法就是让她和美国孩子们在一起。
②[朗文词典]The city has_adopted a new approach to fighting crime.
该市采取了一种新办法来打击犯罪。
③[牛津词典]He is their adopted son.
他是他们的养子。
易混辨析
adopt
采纳，采用，收养
adapt
适应，改编，改写
[一言辨异]
The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life.
这对年轻夫妇没有自己的孩子，收养了一个孤儿。几个月之后，孩子逐渐适应了他的新生活。
④用adapt/adopt的适当形式填空
a．This new film is said to be ________ from a novel by Jim Austen.
b．We will ________ their suggestions in mass.
c．Three of his novels have been ________ for television.
答案：a.adapted B．adopt
C．adapted
10　　

We can all help by being more considerate and thinking of our neighbours.(P12)
我们都可以通过更体贴的和多想想我们的邻居来提供帮助。

(1)It is considerate of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是周到的
be considerate of 体谅；替……着想
(2)consider vt. 思考，考虑；认为
consider (doing)_sth. 考虑(做)某事
consider sb. to_be/as... 认为某人是……
consider sb. to_have_done sth. 认为某人做过某事
(3)consideration n. 考虑；思考
take sth. into consideration 考虑到；顾及
(4)considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于
considerable adj. 大量的；值得考虑的
①[2013·重庆高考]How considerate the dentist was!
这个牙医是多么周到啊！
②[牛津词典]It was_considerate_of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.
在我睡觉时，你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。
③[朗文词典]I considered_resigning.
我考虑过辞职。
④[朗文词典]Mrs Greenwood was_considered_to_be an excellent teacher.
格林伍德夫人被认为是一位优秀的教师。
⑤[牛津词典]I always take fuel consumption into_consideration when buying a car.
我买车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内。
过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．[朗文词典]I'd like to ________ a table for 8：00 at the restaurant.
答案：reserve　reserve “预订”。句意：我想要在这个餐厅预定一个8：00的餐位。
2．[朗文词典]She was trapped ________ an unhappy marriage.
答案：in　be trapped in “被困在……中”。
3．It's quite ________ me why such things have been allowed to happen.
答案：beyond　be beyond sb. “难以想象”。
4．Many experts advocate _________ (reward) your child for good behavior.
答案：rewarding　advocate doing sth. “提倡/主张做某事”。
5．The essay isn't even remotely relevant ________ the topic.
答案：to　be relevant to... “与……有关”。
6．[牛津词典]This type of vinyl is a good poor substitute ________ leather.
答案：for　a substitute for... “……的代替品”。
7．I have tried very hard to improve my English. But by ________ means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.
答案：no　by no means “绝不，一点儿也不”，在句首时句子要用部分倒装。
8．Paul's mother had him ________ (adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.
答案：adopted　have sth. done “让别人做/让宾语被……”。句意：保罗的妈妈因自己无力抚养他，便将他送给别人收养了。
9．[2015·陕西高考]It is necessary for us to think of others and be ________ (consider) to them.
答案：considerate　此处为形容词作表语。
10．David ________ (threaten) to report his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
答案：threatened　由从句中的were可知此句为过去式，故用threatened。

1　　

Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.(P6)
全球变暖指地球温度上升，这反过来会导致气候变化。

lead sb. to... 带领(某人)通往……，引导某人去……
lead sb. to_do_sth. 使得某人做某事
lead the_way 领路
lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走
lead a．..life 过着……的生活
①[2013·安徽高考]You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead_to less useable fresh water.
你可能想知道铺路是如何导致可使用的淡水更少。
②[朗文词典]The second door leads_to the principal's office.
第二道门通向校长办公室。
③[牛津词典]What led you to this conclusion?
你是怎样得出这个结论的？
④[牛津词典]Her constant lying led me to_distrust everything she said.
她总撒谎，我完全不相信她的话了。
2　　

Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.(P6)
全球变暖指地球温度上升，这反过来会导致气候变化。


①[2014·江苏高考]Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, in_turn,_were winning contests.
现在其他学生都来向他请教，并且个个都赢得了比赛。
②[牛津词典]The girls called out their names in_turn.
女孩们逐一报出自己的名字。
③[北师大③－8]The customer praised the manager, who in_turn praised his staff.
顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。
④[朗文词典]He spoke to each of the students in_turn.
他依次与每个学生谈话。
⑤[牛津词典]We did the work by_turns.
我们是轮流做这项工作的。
⑥We take_turns_to_do the housework.
我们轮流做家务。
3　　

Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland China.(P8)
除了少数几只大熊猫在动物园里可以看到，它们只生活在中国内地的中心竹园里。
易混辨析
except
意为“除……之外(没有)”，常用于排除同类事物(除去整体中的一部分)，并用于表示绝对肯定或绝对否定的词之后，如no, none, nothing, all, any, everyone, everything。其后可接名词、代词、介词短语；除此之外，还可接that或wh­引导的从句
besides
意为“除……之外(还有)”，包括排除的事物；另外还可用作副词
except for
常用于对整体进行肯定，对局部细节进行否定
apart from
兼有except, besides与except for的意义
①[2014·重庆高考]Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.
除了大象的胃发出的偶尔的声音外，森林是安静的。
②[朗文词典]We are open every day except/apart_from Monday.
除了星期一我们每天都营业。
③[译林]Besides/Apart_from the works of Da Vinci, the Louvre Museum has more than 6,000 other European paintings.
除了达芬奇的作品，卢浮宫还拥有6000多幅其他欧洲绘画作品。
④[2013·山东高考]The room is empty except_for/apart_from a bookshelf standing in one corner.
除了角落里立着一个书架外，房间内空荡荡的。
4　　

Well, all in all, if we help protect these animals and spread the news about conservation...(P9)
嗯，总的来说，如果我们帮助保护这些动物，并且传播有关动物保护的信息……

(1)at all (常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气)根本；无论如何；一点儿
after all 毕竟；终究
in all 总共
first_of all 首先，第一
above all 首先，最重要的是
(2)表示“总的说来”的词组及其相近词组还有：on the whole, in general, in short, in a word, as a whole, on balance
①All_in_all,_this is a good film.
总的来说，这是一部很好的电影。
②[朗文词典]All_in_all,_her mother and I are very happy with her progress.
总而言之，我和她妈妈看到她的进步很高兴。
③[朗文词典]In_all,_there were 28 people there.
那里总共有二十八人。
④I didn't like him at_all.
我根本不喜欢他。
⑤[牛津词典]Don't shout at him－he is only a baby after_all.
不要冲他大声嚷嚷，他毕竟只是个小孩子。
⑥[朗文词典]Above all, I would like to thank my parents.
最重要的是，我要感谢我的父母。
⑦[牛津词典]I don't think Helen should go－first_of all, she is too young.
我认为海伦不应该去，首先，她太年轻了。
过关演练
选词填空

1．[2015·陕西高考]Studies show that the loss of oxygen­giving trees also ________ air pollution and global warming.
答案：leads to
2．People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and ________， this creates further problems.
答案：in turn
3.________ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
答案：Apart from
4．[牛津词典]________， it had been a great success.
答案：All in all

1　　 Without these naturally occurring gases， the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.(P6)
如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳的能量将会被反射回太空去，地球将处于寒冷之中，而不适合生命的存在。
leaving the earth cold and impossible to live on为leave＋宾语＋宾补结构，在句中作结果状语。译作“使……处于……”。

leave＋宾语＋宾补的常用结构有：
leave＋n./pron.＋
①[人教⑥－3]Running a marathon will leave you breathless.
跑一场马拉松会让你上气不接下气。
②We should not leave the tap water running or waste any materials in the laboratory class.
在实验课上，我们不应该忘记关水龙头或者浪费材料。
③I left the door unlocked when I went out.
我出去时没锁门。
④[朗文词典]We are going to leave the car at_the_airport.
我们打算把车停放在机场。
2　　 Given this data， it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(P6)
鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。


(1)given还可表示假设“倘若，假定”。
(2)表示“考虑到……”时，given后还可接that从句。
(3)引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达还有：
considering_(that)．.. 鉴于，考虑到
provided/providing (that)．.. 假定
seeing (that)．.. 既然，鉴于
suppose/supposing (that)．.. 假如，如果
assume/assuming (that)．.. 假设，如果
①[朗文词典]Given the number of people we invited, I'm surprised that so few came.
考虑到我们的邀请人数，来的人这么少真让我吃惊。
②[牛津词典]Given that she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is a right career for her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定，教书是最适合她的职业。
③Supposing (that) it rains, can we play the match indoors?
要是下雨的话，我们能在室内比赛吗？
④Seeing that you are already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside.
既然你已经到了门口，我想我必须邀请你进来。
3　　 The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale， and experts are predicting far worse to come. (P10)
近几年一些环境灾难大面积地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。


(1)拟人修辞手法是把事物人格化，使本来不具备人的动作和感情的一些动植物变得像人一样能说能笑。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子，主语通常是表示时间、地点或心爱之物如车、船等的名词，谓语动词常为see,_witness, find等。
(2)这种手法不仅使语言生动有力，而且给人以亲切、耳目一新的感觉。
①The National Day of 2014 witnessed so many traffic jams on the express way.
2014年的国庆节见证了高速路上大量的拥堵事件。
②Our hometown has_seen great changes since the reform and opening policies started.
自从改革开放以来，我们家乡发生了巨大变化。
③The past few years have_seen a sharp rise of online shopping.
过去的几年里网购迅速上涨。
过关演练
完成句子
1．(1)[牛津词典]Don't leave her ________ outside in the rain.
别让她在外边雨中等着。
(2)[牛津词典]Leave the door ________ please.
请开着门。
(3)We can't leave such an important matter ________.
我们不能让这么重要的事情半途而废。
答案：(1)waiting　(2)open　(3)unfinished
2．(1)She is very active, ________ her age.
考虑到她的年龄，她很活跃了。
(2)________ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she would like that little doll on her bed.
由于她要去睡觉了，我问她是否想要她床上的那个小娃娃。
答案：(1)considering　(2)Seeing
3．Recent years ________ a growing social mobility.
近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。
答案：have seen

被动语态
被动语态由“助动词be＋实义动词的过去分词”构成。
注意：被动语态没有完成进行时和将来进行时。
①[2015·福建高考]To my delight, I ________ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是，我从数百名候选人中被选中参加开幕式。
答案：was chosen
“get/stay＋实义动词的过去分词”表示被动，表示动作所处的状态。
②[2014·安徽高考改编]While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
答案：promoted　句意：亨利在等待升职的机会时，他尽力完成他的职责。
过关演练
用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1．[2015·湖南高考]I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.
答案：was held　考查一般过去时的被动语态。
2．[2015·苏州六校联考]Despite ________ (take) from very different sources, the results are remarkably consistent.
答案：being taken　despite为介词，后用动词­ing形式，又表示被动意义，故用being done结构。
3．[2014·福建高考]For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________(connect)．
答案：connected　句中stay为系动词，“保持”，connected为过去分词作表语。