高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修7 Unit 21 Human Biology Word版含解析

这是一份高考英语北师大版一轮复习教案：选修7 Unit 21 Human Biology Word版含解析，共16页。



[话题素材]
好词
1．low­carbon adj. 低碳的
2．severely adv. 严重地
3．healthy adj. 健康的
4．balanced adj. 均衡的
5．keep away from 远离
6．take_it_easy 别着急；慢慢来；不要慌
7．a majority of 大多数
8．save energy 节约能源
9．as_follows 如下
10．in no time 立刻
11．on condition that 条件是
12．protect...against 保护……免受……
13．run out 用完
佳句
1．Nothing is more precious than you keep fit.
再也没有什么比你保持健康更珍贵了。
2．No_matter_how often they turn up, their welcome never wears out.
不管他们多久露面一次，都永远那么受欢迎。
3．According_to my personal experience, neither you nor I am unlikely to persuade him to deal with the matter immediately.
根据我的个人经验，你和我都不可能说服他马上处理这件事。
[精美语篇]
It is said that sports is an important form of life. Sports can help everyone keep healthy, enrich our life and maintain our psychological health, and help us relax after a period of exhausting work. A person who often takes exercise is always full of energy. Sports can also make people look younger than they really are. What's more, it produces chances to train our intelligence. Because we think actively when we do exercise.
My participation in sports tells me that sports can make us healthy both physically and psychologically. It is also a good way for people to know each other and can promote friendship between people. So long as we are careful enough, sports can do us nothing but good.
Personally, I love sports. I enjoy participating in sports. I feel that I not only gain a well­balanced life through sports, but also get more chances to move closer to nature. Sports have really added happiness to my daily life.

高频单词
1．tolerate (vt.) 容忍→tolerant (adj.) 容忍的；宽容的→tolerance (n.) 容忍；忍受
2．fundamental (adj.) 根本的，基础的
3．seek (vt.) 寻找→seeker (n.) 寻找者；追求者
4．oppose (vt.) 反对→opposition (n.) 反方；对立面→opposite (adj.) 相反的；对面的→opposed (adj.) 反对的
5．violate (vt.) 违反；违背→violent (adj.) 猛烈的→violence (n.) 暴力
6．postpone (vt.) 推迟，延期
7．prohibit (vt.) 禁止→prohibition (n.) 禁止
8．faith (n.) 信心→faithful (adj.) 忠诚的；忠实的→faithfully (adv.) 忠诚地
9．rob (vt.) 使丧失；抢劫→robber (n.) 强盗→robbery (n.) 盗窃
10．decline (vi.) 下降 (n.)减少；下降；衰减
11．minimum (n.) 最低，最小→maximum (n.) 最高，最大
12．equip (vt.) 使有准备→equipment (n.) 设备；装备
13．fortune (n.) 大笔钱财，巨款；运气→fortunate (adj.) 幸运的→fortunately (adv.) 幸运地
14．enquiry (n.) 询问→enquire (vt.) 询问；调查
15．submit (vt.) 提交→submission (n.) 提交
16．extension (n.) 延期→extend (v.) 延长
17．concern (n.) 担心；担忧→concerned (adj.) 关心的；担忧的→concerning (prep.) 关于；有关
18．circumstance (n.) 情形；情况
重点短语
1．at_all_costs　不管多大代价；无论如何
2．straight_away 立刻；马上
3．in_vain 徒然；白费力气
4．at_random 随便地；随意地
5．wipe_out 彻底消失
6．stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭
7．at_any_rate 无论如何；至少
8．bring up 教育；养育；呕吐；引述
9．go through 经历；通过
10．put off 推迟
11．get down to 开始做
12．get through 通过(考试等)；完成
13．focus on 聚集；集中；对准
14．for good (and all) 长期地；永远地
15．miss out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会
热点句型
1．if引导状语从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的假设
Many contemporary amateur athletes would_have_broken_world_
records_if_they_had_taken_part_in the first Olympic Games.(教材P34)
许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。
2．rather than是一个并列连词，表示“而不是”
The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning－has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(教材P34)
人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
3．It is＋adj.＋to do sth. 句式
Unfortunately, it_is_not_easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs. (教材P34)
不幸的是，要检查出运动员服用违禁药物是不容易的。
4．have sth. done结构
In the future, athletes who have_their_genes_changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.(教材P34)
将来，改变基因的运动员有可能创下8秒跑完100米的纪录或不到两小时跑完马拉松的记录。
5．sb. /sth. be believed to...为固定结构，意为“某人或某物被认为是……”
Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is _believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.(教材P38)
西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为：年轻力壮的而不是老年人容易发病，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。
教材复现
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．________ (take) these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those ________ abuse them.
答案：Taking; who
2．Ben Johnson ________ still be the 100 metres world record holder if he hadn't been caught ________ (take) drugs in the 1988 Olympics.
答案：would; taking
3．Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sports where athletes seek ________ achieve beyond their ________ (nature) limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.
答案：to; natural
4．Unfortunately, it is not easy to catch athletes ________ (use) illegal drugs.
答案：using
5．The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than ________ (win)－has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
答案：winning
6．Since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997, it has ________ (take) more than a hundred lives.
答案：taken
7．________ is important to look at the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics.
答案：It
8．In urban areas all over Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, up ________ one half of the population was lost to the Black Death.
答案：to
9．Her husband ________ (disagree) and said that Terri would not have wanted to live on in this state.
答案：disagreed
10．I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, ________ in the case of long­term coma states，...
答案：that


1　　

They also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them. (P34)
对滥用兴奋剂的人来说，兴奋剂也会给他们以后的生活带来严重的健康问题。

(1)abuse sb. 辱骂某人，虐待某人
abuse drugs/alcohol 吸毒/酗酒
abuse one's position/power 滥用职权/权力
(2)drug abuse 滥用毒品
alcohol abuse 酗酒
abuse of power 滥用职权
①[2013·江西高考]It will hit back at you if you abuse it.
如果你虐待它，它将回击你。
②[朗文词典]He abused_his_position as mayor by giving jobs to his relatives.
他滥用市长职权，任用亲属。
③[朗文词典]She had been abusing_drugs since she was twelve.
她从十二岁起就吸毒。
④[朗文词典]People were shouting abuse at the soldiers.
人们高声辱骂那些士兵。
2　　

The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.(P34)
由于它是影响巨大的欺骗形式，所以体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。

(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/容许做某事
(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的
be tolerant of/towards 对……容忍；宽容
(3)tolerable adj. 可容忍的；可忍受的
(4)tolerance n. 容忍
have (no) tolerance of/for... 对……(毫不容忍)
一言串记
We are in favor of tolerance,_but it is very difficult to tolerate the intolerant and impossible to tolerate the intolerable things.
我们赞成容忍，但是很难容忍不容异己的人，也不可能容忍无法容忍的事情。
①[2014·广东高考]I can't tolerate any more excuse.
我不能再忍受任何借口了。
②[牛津词典]I won't tolerate_your_behaving in this way.
我不能容忍你这样做。
③[牛津词典]The heat was tolerable at night but suffocating during the day.
这种炎热的天气在夜间尚能忍受，但白天就令人感到呼吸困难。
④[牛津词典]Her own mistakes made her very tolerate_of/towards (the faults of) others.
她因自己有错误，对别人(的错误)就根本不计较了。
⑤[朗文词典]He had little tolerance_for/of mistakes.
他几乎不能容忍错误。
3　　 seek (sought， sought)　vt.寻找；寻求；谋求；征求(意见，建议)；请求(帮助，援助)　vi. 试图；企业；寻找

Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.(P34)
服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员为寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备这样欺骗。


①[2014·天津高考]The book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
这本书使那些想寻求自己的答案的学生产生自信心。
②[牛津词典]We sought her out to tell her of her success.
我们找到她，告诉她她成功了。
③Scientists have been seeking_to_understand the mystery of the “sixth sense” of direction.
科学家一直在试图解开方向的第六感官之谜。
④They sought_for a place to shelter from the rain, but in vain.
他们寻找避雨的地方，但没能找到。
4　　

Gene­therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.(P34)
基因治疗是很有争议的，许多人反对进一步研究。

(1)oppose (sb.) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
oppose sth. to/against sth.
使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的
be opposed to＝oppose oneself to＝object to＝be against 反对；与……对立
as opposed to 与……对照；与……对比；而非
(3)opposite adj. 相对的；对面的　n. 对立的人(物)；对立面　adv. 对面
①[牛津词典]He opposed the proposal to build a new hall.
他反对修建新礼堂的建议。
②[2014·四川高考]This is_opposed_to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.
这是一种与“早起鸟”型相反的类型的人，是一种生活失序经常熬夜到午夜的人。
③[朗文词典]The teaching is geared to practical problems, as_opposed_to theory.
该教学旨在解决实际问题，而不是教授理论。
④[牛津词典]Do not oppose your will against mine.
不要用你的意愿和我的抗衡。
5　　

I decided not to postpone studying and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.(P37)
我决定不推迟学习，并每天早上早起直接准备去工作。

postpone doing sth.＝delay doing sth.＝put off doing sth. 延缓做某事，推迟做某事
postpone sth. until/till/to 把某事推迟到……
①[2013·广东高考]It has been decided the meeting should be postponed until next Saturday.
已经决定，会议延期到下星期六举行。
②[牛津词典]Let's postpone_making a decision until we have more information.
咱们在获取更多情报之后再做决定不迟。
③[牛津词典]The match was postponed_to the following Saturday because of bad weather.
比赛因天气不好而延期到下周六进行。
6　　

Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.(P38)
自从SARS流行病结束以来，科学家们一直在对治疗进行反复试验以阻止任何未来疫情的突然爆发。

(1)prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事
prohibit sb. from doing sth.＝prohibit one's doing sth.＝prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
(2)prohibition n．禁止；禁令
①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons.
在1897年，美国密歇根州通过一项法律，禁止猎杀旅鸽。
②Smoking is prohibited.
禁止吸烟。
③[牛津词典]The law prohibits tobacconists from_selling cigarettes to children.
法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。
④[朗文词典]Stores are prohibited_from_selling alcohol to people under 21.
禁止商店向21岁以下人群售酒。
7　　

Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.(P40)
1990年，特里心脏病发作，由于大脑缺氧造成了永久性伤害，陷入昏迷状态。

(1)rob sb. of sth.抢劫或剥夺某人某物；使某人丧失某物
(2)robbery n. 盗窃，抢劫
robber n. 强盗，抢劫犯
(3)steal sth. from sb./sp. 从某人/某地窃取某物
①[2015·重庆高考]I just heard the bank where Dora works was_robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.
我刚刚听说一个戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫了多拉工作的那家银行。
②[朗文词典]A hamstring injury robbed him of his speed.
腿筋受伤使得他发挥不出以前的速度了。
③[牛津词典]I was robbed_of my cash and cheque­book.
我的现金和支票薄被抢了。
④[2014·湖北高考]The police will reward whoever provides useful information to catch the robber.
任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。
⑤[朗文词典]Most home robberies are drug­related.
多数的入室抢劫案都与吸毒有关。
易混辨析
rob
用来谈论被抢劫的人或地方，尤其是银行“rob＋被抢的人/地”，短语为rob sb. of... 译作：“抢劫某人/某地的事物”
steal
用来谈论被偷盗的物品，短语为steal sth. from/sb./sp.
[一言辨异]
A thief stole my money from the desk drawer; and what's worse, I was robbed of the money on the way back home from the bank.
小偷从我的桌子抽屉里偷走了我的钱，更糟糕的是，我在从银行回家的路上被抢劫了。
图解助记

⑥用steal/rob的适当形式填空
a．[朗文词典]Two local men were arrested for ________ a car.
b．The old lady came to the police station and claimed to be ________ of her purse when she was shopping.
c．The passing years ________ from us one thing after another.
d．They knocked him down and ________ him of his briefcase.
答案：a.stealing B．robbed
C．steal D．robbed
8　　 decline　vt.拒绝；谢绝　vi.下降；变少；衰减，拒绝　n.减少；下降；衰减

...it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery decline...(P40)
……通常认为病人康复的可能性下降了……

(1)decline to_do sth. 婉拒做某事
(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降
in decline/on the decline 在消减；在衰退
fall/go_into (a) decline 失去力量、影响等
①[2014·山东高考]She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.
她拒绝了，相反她去为Sedgewick工作了。
②[2014·山东高考]A company whose profits from home markets are_declining may seek opportunities abroad.
在国内市场利润下降的公司可能会寻求到国外发展的机会。
③In spite of many invitations, he would always decline_to visit Oxford.
尽管多次受到邀请，他还是拒绝去牛津。
④[朗文词典]During the last ten years, the construction industry has been in_decline.
过去十年里，建筑业一直在走下坡路。
9　　

There's no doubt that this will equip us to cure all sorts of illnesses, from heart disease to cancer.(P41)
毫无疑问它将装备我们以治愈从心脏病到癌症的各种疾病。

(1)equip sb. /sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/某物
be equipped_with sth. 装备有某物
equip sb. /sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备
(2)equipment n. 设备，设施
①[朗文词典]The new school will be_equipped_with the latest computers.
新学校将装备最新的计算机。
②[牛津词典]Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
请准备一支尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。
③[牛津词典]They equipped themselves for the expedition.
他们为远征治装。
④[2014·广东高考]Most do it using satellites and other high­tech equipment.
大部分人进行研究是通过卫星和其它高科技设备。
10　　

You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.(P41)
你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。

(1)submit sth. to 把……提交给……，向……提出……
submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受/服从
submit to 服从于，屈从于
(2)submission n. 服从；顺从；提交
一言串记
He submitted to the headmaster's order finally that all teachers should submit that report to the headmaster.
他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。
－特别提示－
在submit sth. to短语中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交”；而在submit to短语中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从”。
①[牛津词典]I refuse to submit.
我绝不屈服。
②[2013·北京高考]You are free to submit the article.
你可以自由地提交文章。
③[朗文词典]I submitted the plan to the committee yesterday.
昨天我把计划书提交给委员会了。
④[朗文词典]They refused to submit_to the kidnapper's demands.
他们拒绝服从绑匪的要求。
过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．[2015·江苏高考]It sometimes requires the reader ________ (tolerate) unpleasantness or annoyance.
答案：to tolerate　require sb. to do “要求某人做……”。
2．[2013·福建高考]The event was held for young people from around the world, ________ (seek) their views on how the future of youth and education should look.
答案：to seek　不定式作目的状语。
3．All the members present ________ (oppose) the plan bitterly.
答案：opposed　此句谓语为过去时。
4．It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________ (build) the new school.
答案：building　postpone doing sth. “推迟做某事”。
5．[2015·天津高考]Please note that any ________ (prohibit) items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
答案：prohibited　过去分词作items的定语表示被动。
6．The young man robbed her ________ her bag.
答案：of　rob sb. of sth.“抢劫某人某物”。
7．[2015·天津高考]Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we ________ (decline)．
答案：declined　由前句中sounded及was可知此句为一般过去时。
8．[朗文词典]The program equips youngsters ________ technical skills.
答案：with　equip sb. with sth. “用某物装备某人”。
9．He submitted himself ________ a search by the guards.
答案：to　submit sb. to... “使……甘受/服从……”。

1　　

Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain. (P34)
弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。


①I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in_vain.
我曾苦苦的探求解决问题的办法，但都是徒劳。
②[朗文词典]All our work was in_vain.
我们的工作全白干了。
③The police tried in_vain to break up the protest crowds.
警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但是没有成功。
2　　

The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(P34)
奥运精神已经被不惜一切代价获得成功的欲望所玷污了。

(1)at the cost of 牺牲；以……为代价/牺牲
at a cost of 以……的价格
at any cost＝at all costs 以任何代价
at cost 按成本价
(2)to one's cost 付了代价；吃了苦头
(3)cost sb. sth. 花费某人……；使某人付出/丧失……
①The bridge must be repaired within three days at_all_costs.
要不惜一切代价在3天内把桥修好。
②[牛津词典]We must at_all_costs prevent them from finding out about the plan.
我们无论如何不能让他们探知这个计划。
③[朗文词典]We need to get that contract, at_any_cost/at_all_costs.
我们必须得到那份合同，不惜任何代价。
④[朗文词典]The software is available at_a_cost_of $30.
这个软件可以花30美元买到。
⑤[牛津词典]She saved him from drowning but only at_the_cost_of her own life.
他遇溺时她把他救了，但却牺牲了她自己的生命。
3　　 wipe out 彻底毁灭；全部摧毁；除去或取消某事物；擦试(盆、碗等的内部

Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.(P38)
流行病可以消灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。


①[2013·江西高考]We are always ready to wipe_out any enemy who dares to attack.
我们时刻准备消灭一切胆敢来犯之敌。
②[北师大⑧－22]A volcanic eruption nearly wiped_out the small island of Montserrat in 1997.
1997年的一次火山喷发差点把蒙塞拉特这一小岛给毁灭了。
③Don't wipe the scales off the fish.
不要把鱼鳞剔除。
4　　

If trends continue the way they're going, then in my opinion, yes－in developed countries at any rate.(P41)
如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那样的。


①[牛津词典]That's one part of the job done at any rate.
不管怎么说，这工作已经做了一部分了。
②[朗文词典]He is what, 17? At_any_rate,_he is old enough to go on his own.
他多大了，17？不管怎么说，他都该自立了。
③[朗文词典]At_this_rate,_we'll never afford a vacation.
照这种情形看，我们永远也度不起假。
过关演练
选词填空
at the cost of； wipe out； at all costs； in vain； at a rate of； at any rate
1．We should promote the project ________.
答案：at all costs
2．He succeeded ________ his health.
答案：at the cost of
3．His efforts to raise money for his program were ________ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
答案：in vain
4．[朗文词典]Fires ________ half of the city.
答案：wiped out
5．The car is running ________ eighty kilometers an hour.
答案：at a rate of
6．He doesn't understand me, or ________ not fully.
答案：at any rate

1 The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning－has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(P34)
人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
－特别提示－
(1)rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是；与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。

(1)prefer to do sth. rather_than do sth.
宁愿做……而不做……
(2)would do sth. rather than do sth.
would rather do sth. than do sth.
宁愿做……而不做……
①[朗文词典]We usually travel by train rather than by plane.
我们通常坐火车而不是乘飞机出行。
②[牛津词典]She'd rather die than lose the children.
她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。
③She preferred to stay at home rather_than go shopping with him.
她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。
④Mary, rather_than you, is to blame for not finishing the work on time.
是玛丽而不是你因为没有按时完成工作而受责备。
2　　 It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(P34)
获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。
本句为“It is＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.”句式，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to do sth.。

(1)在“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to_do sth.”句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点，常见的有：easy, difficult, important, necessary, vital, possible等。
(2)在“It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.”句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质，常见的有：kind, nice, good, clever, wise, careful, stupid, foolish, rude等。
①How silly it_was_of_you to give up such a good chance!
放弃这么好的一个机会，你真是太傻了！
②It_is bad manners for_the_young_to take up the seats for the old.
年轻人占据老年人的座位是不礼貌的。
3　　 In the future， athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours. (P34)
将来，基因发生改变的运动员可能能在仅仅8秒内跑完100米，或在不到两个小时的时间里跑完马拉松。



①[牛津词典]They are going to have their house painted.
他们准备把房子粉刷一下。
②[牛津词典]We're having our car repaired.
我们的车正在修理。
③[牛津词典]They have had their request refused.
他们的请求遭到拒绝。
④[牛津词典]Charles Ⅰ had his head cut_off.
查理一世遭斩首。
过关演练
完成句子
1．(1)It is vital ________ have a grateful heart and show our thanks to anything good and any person that is nice.
对我们来说，拥有一颗感恩的心，并对任何好人好事表示感谢是至关重要的。
(2)________ walk such a long way in the snow.
在雪中走那么远的路不容易。
(3)It's nice ________ finish eating everything on your plate.
你吃完你盘子里的所有东西，真是太好了。
答案：(1)for us to　(2)It is not easy to　(3)of you to
2．(1)[2014·安徽高考]What we expect from you is working hard ________ hardly working.
我们对你的期望是努力工作而不是几乎不工作。
(2)To enjoy the scenery, Bob would spend long time on the train rather than ________ by air.
为了欣赏风景，鲍勃宁愿花长时间坐火车而不愿坐飞机旅行。
(3)I ________ than cheat in the examination.
我宁愿考试失败也不愿作弊。
答案：(1)rather than　(2)travel　(3)would rather fail
3．(1)Claire had her luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔进行了安检。
(2)[牛津词典]She's had her wallet ________.
她的钱包被人拿走了。
答案：(1)checked　(2)taken

条件句和混合条件句&情态动词
条件句和混合条件句
1．一般条件句由if, unless, as long as等引导，遵循主将从现原则。
①[2014·大纲全国卷]Unless some extra money ________(find), the theatre will close.
答案：is found　句意：除非找到一些额外资金，否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的will可知unless引导的从句应用一般现在时态表将来，且money和find之间是被动关系。
②[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]If you ________ something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202－902－1195.
如果你在公共汽车上、火车上、或是车站丢失了什么东西，请拨打失物招领处电话202－902－1195。
答案：lose
2．虚拟语气中条件句将遵循以下原则：
意义
条件从句
主句
与现在事实相反
过去式(系动词be一律用were)
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
would/should/could/might＋have done
与将来事实相反

should/would/could/might＋动词原形
引导条件句的引导词有if, otherwise, but for, on condition that等等
注意：有时if引导的条件从句可以省略if，而把从句中的动词were, had或should移到主语前面。
③[2013·重庆高考改编]We ________wet all over if we hadn't taken the umbrella.
如果那时没带伞，我们全身就会湿透了。
答案：would have got
④[2014·天津高考]________ he caught the morning train, he wouldn't have been late for the meeting.
如果赶上早晨那列车，他就不会开会迟到了。
答案：Had
情态动词
1．情态动词＋动词原形：表示对现在情况的推测。
⑤[2015·重庆高考]You ________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
你一定是卡罗尔，这些年你一点儿没变。
答案：must
2．should表示说话人惊讶的语气，意为“竟然”。
⑥[2014·江苏高考改编]It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
我很难过，他们那么穷，竟然给我吃的。
答案：should
过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．If we don't act now to protect the environment, we ________ (live) to regret it.
答案：will live　此句为if引导的一般条件句，遵循主将从现原则，故此处应为一般将来时。
2．If he had not hurt his leg, John ________ (win) the race.
答案：would have won　与过去事实相反，主句用情态动词加have done。
3．[2015·陕西高考]You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I am a hundred percent sure later you will be grateful you did it.
答案：may　表示推测，“可能”，下文有“I am a hundred percent sure”暗示。
4．I found it astonishing that he ________ be so rude to you.
答案：should　“竟然”表示出乎意料。
5．________ I in your position, I would go.
答案：Were　If虚拟条件句中有were, should或had时，可省略if，用部分倒装，即把were/should或had提前。